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Butter S, Shevlin M, Gibson-Miller J, McBride O, Hartman TK, Bentall RP, Bennett K, Murphy J, Mason L, Martinez AP, Levita L. Psychological distress, wellbeing and resilience: modelling adolescent mental health profiles during the COVID-19 pandemic. DISCOVER MENTAL HEALTH 2024; 4:16. [PMID: 38780717 PMCID: PMC11116324 DOI: 10.1007/s44192-024-00071-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
There has been concern about adolescent mental health during the pandemic. The current study examined adolescent mental health during the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK. Using indicator of psychological distress, wellbeing and resilience, latent profile analysis was used to identify homogeneous mental health groups among young people aged 13-24 (N = 1971). Multinomial logistic regression was then used to examine which sociodemographic and psychosocial variables predicted latent class membership. Four classes were found. The largest class (Class 1, 37.2%) was characterised by moderate symptomology and moderate wellbeing. Class 2 (34.2%) was characterised by low symptomology and high wellbeing, while Class 3 (25.4%) was characterised by moderate symptomology and high wellbeing. Finally, Class 4 was the smallest (3.2%) and was characterised by high symptomology and low wellbeing. Compared to the low symptomology, high wellbeing class, all other classes were associated with less social engagement with friends, poorer family functioning, greater somatic symptoms, and a less positive model of self. A number of unique associations between the classes and predictor variables were identified. Although around two-thirds of adolescents reported moderate-to-high symptomology, most of these individuals also reported concurrent moderate-to-high levels of wellbeing, reflecting resilience. Furthermore, these findings demonstrate how a more comprehensive picture of mental health can be gained through adopting a dual-continua conceptualisation of mental health that incorporates both pathology and well-being. In this way, at-risk youth can be identified and interventions and resources targeted appropriately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Butter
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland.
| | - Mark Shevlin
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland
| | | | - Orla McBride
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland
| | - Todd K Hartman
- Department of Social Statistics, University of Manchester, Manchester, England
| | - Richard P Bentall
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England
| | - Kate Bennett
- Department of Psychology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, England
| | - Jamie Murphy
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland
| | - Liam Mason
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, England
| | - Anton P Martinez
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England
| | - Liat Levita
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer, England
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Devoy R, Maguire R. Effects of mindfulness and movement on affect and vitality. Work 2024:WOR230650. [PMID: 38759087 DOI: 10.3233/wor-230650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing levels of distress and barriers to healthcare have coincided with increasing use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM). While mindfulness and movement interventions may improve wellbeing, little research has compared the effectiveness of these two approaches. OBJECTIVE This single intervention study aimed to (1) explore the effects of two brief, online, self-administered mindfulness and movement interventions on affect and vitality, and (2) establish whether changes in affect and vitality could be predicted by age, gender, general distress, previous CAM experience and enjoyment of the intervention. METHODS Participants (n = 62) were randomly allocated to follow a brief online mindfulness or movement intervention. Levels of affect (using PANAS) and subjective vitality (using the Subjective Vitality Scale) were measured pre and post intervention. Demographics, experience with CAM and general distress (using the DASS-21) were collected pre intervention, while level of enjoyment (using the ENJOY scale) was measured post intervention. Open-text responses gathered qualitative data on participant experience. RESULTS Participants completing the mindfulness intervention reported increased vitality and decreased positive and negative affect. Those completing the movement intervention reported increased vitality and positive affect and decreased negative affect. Higher DASS-21 levels were predictive of greater reductions in negative affect. Higher levels of enjoyment were predictive of greater increases in positive affect and vitality. CONCLUSIONS Differences between mindfulness and movement interventions may indicate that they could have targeted applications. While further research is necessary, these brief, online interventions may provide a sustainable, accessible self-management and wellbeing intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Róisín Devoy
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Kildare, Ireland
| | - Rebecca Maguire
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Kildare, Ireland
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Santi G, Williams T, Mellalieu SD, Wadey R, Carraro A. The athlete psychological well-being inventory: Factor equivalence with the sport injury-related growth inventory. PSYCHOLOGY OF SPORT AND EXERCISE 2024; 74:102656. [PMID: 38723756 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Until now, research on growth following sport injury has relied exclusively on retrospective reports and nomothetic measures drawn from other fields of research. Therefore, to more objectively explore growth following sport injury pre- and post-injury, rather than retrospectively, this study adapts and examines the psychometric properties of the Athlete Psychological Well-Being Inventory (APWBI), which can be used throughout the sport injury process (i.e., prior to and following sport injury). A sample of 164 athletes free from injury (71.3 % men; M age = 19.7 years, SD = 2.1) were compared to a sample of 168 athletes with history of previous injury (73.2 % men; M age = 19.7 years, SD = 2.1). Multigroup Confirmatory Factor Analysis demonstrated the measurement and factor equivalence between the APWBI and a retrospective measure, the Sport Injury-Related Growth Inventory (SIRGI). The APWBI also showed satisfactory to excellent internal consistency reliability for all its sub-dimensions ("sense of mastery", "positive relations with others", "responsibility for one's health", "self-awareness", "emotional ability", "purpose in life", "purpose in sport", and "body awareness") and for the total score. Analysis of the relationships with other self-report measures (i.e., the Positive Functioning Inventory, the Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale, and the Lie Scale) provided convergent and discriminant evidence to support the construct validity of the instrument. To conclude, the APWBI is a valid and reliable instrument for use within English-speaking athletes of various competitive levels (from local/county to international level).
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Affiliation(s)
- Giampaolo Santi
- Faculty of Education, Free University of Bolzano-Bozen, Bressanone-Brixen, Italy.
| | - Tom Williams
- Faculty of Sport, Technology & Health Sciences, St. Mary's University, Twickenham, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen D Mellalieu
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Ross Wadey
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, St. Mary's University, Twickenham, London, United Kingdom
| | - Attilio Carraro
- Faculty of Education, Free University of Bolzano-Bozen, Bressanone-Brixen, Italy
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Gawda B, Korniluk A. The Protective Role of Curiosity Behaviors in Coping with Existential Vacuum. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:391. [PMID: 38785882 PMCID: PMC11118797 DOI: 10.3390/bs14050391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
An existential vacuum is experienced as a kind of crisis that one can cope with using his/her strengths. The related literature suggests that the important determinants of coping with existential emptiness include positive emotional and personality resources, and among these-Curiosity Behaviors. The purpose of this study is to describe the role of curiosity as an important factor in relation to emotional resources in individuals experiencing an existential vacuum. A survey was conducted using online tools (n = 484). The hypotheses about the direct and indirect relationships between Curiosity Behaviors and existential vacuum were tested using multiple regression analyses and mediations. The study involved a sample of adult participants representing the general population. The participants completed five questionnaires, the first one focusing on Curiosity Behaviors, such as seeking out novel and challenging experiences and engagement in activities that capture one's attention (The Curiosity and Exploration Inventory), and the other tools being the Multidimensional Existential Meaning Scale, the Emotional Regulation Questionnaire, the Flourishing Scale, and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale. The results indicate that Curiosity Behaviors characteristically negatively predict existential vacuum. In addition, other variables, such as Flourishing, seem to be useful in explaining the relationships between these factors. Flourishing along with Curiosity increases a sense of Meaning in Life. Our results present evidence showing the importance of Curiosity Behaviors in coping with the existential vacuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Gawda
- Department of Psychology of Emotion & Personality, University of Maria Curie-Sklodowska, 20-612 Lublin, Poland;
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Iio M, Nagata M, Narita M. Factors associated with positive mental health in Japanese young adults with a history of chronic diseases during childhood: A qualitative study. J Pediatr Nurs 2024; 76:e9-e18. [PMID: 38281893 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2024.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Factors associated with positive mental health in children with chronic diseases remain unclear. Supporting the development of positive mental health in children with chronic diseases can enhance their mental health throughout childhood and adulthood. This study aimed to identify the factors associated with positive mental health among Japanese young adults with a history of chronic pediatric diseases. DESIGN AND METHODS Participants aged 18-25 years, with a history of chronic pediatric diseases, were recruited from a population of students at a university. Semi-structured interviews were conducted. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis. After the initial coding of each transcript, the researchers discussed and identified a set of main themes, categories, and subcategories. RESULTS Ten participants aged 19-22 years were interviewed. Their chronic diseases were diverse and included childhood cancers and allergic diseases. Seven themes (proactive coping, positive coping, negative coping, eudaimonia, hedonia, independence, and awareness) emerged from 21 categories and 70 subcategories identified. A thematic map was applied to two domains (protective factors and well-being factors) and to three inter-related constructs (individual, family, and community/society). CONCLUSIONS The findings indicated that within the well-being factors, meaning in life was prominent, and within the protective factors, stress coping was found to facilitate positive mental health among individuals with a history of chronic pediatric diseases. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS In children with chronic diseases, support for finding appropriate coping strategies that enhance their optimism and symbiotic relationships in the community/society are important, including valuing little things in their lives, such as play and learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misa Iio
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Kanto-Gakuin University, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan.
| | - Mayumi Nagata
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Kanto-Gakuin University, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan
| | - Masami Narita
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
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Ruiz WDG, Yabut HJ. Autonomy and identity: the role of two developmental tasks on adolescent's wellbeing. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1309690. [PMID: 38659674 PMCID: PMC11042260 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1309690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Developmental tasks theory suggests that the wellbeing of adolescents can be better understood by considering their developmental tasks, rather than just viewing it as a specific age. This concept has significantly influenced contemporary studies on the transition to adulthood. Study explains that psychosocial developmental tasks involve shifts in an individual's psychological state and social relationships, potentially disrupting their previous equilibrium. Authors stress the importance of forming personal identity and fostering a healthy sense of independence, especially concerning identity and autonomy tasks, as crucial elements for adolescent wellbeing analysis. In line with this, the study focuses on the concurrent and predictive relationship between identity process of commitment, emotional autonomy, and psychological wellbeing among adolescents. Four hundred fifty-four (454) participants with an age ranged from 15 to 19 years (m = 17.96) completed surveys measuring emotional autonomy, identity commitment, and psychological wellbeing. The findings revealed that both emotional autonomy and identity commitment predicted psychological wellbeing, but in different ways. The study revealed that emotional autonomy is inversely associated with psychological wellbeing in middle and late adolescents, indicating that their ability to establish independence from their parents or relinquish unrealistic parental expectations may be linked to a decline in their mental health. The results also indicated that identity commitment is moderately and positively related to psychological wellbeing, suggesting that when adolescents have a clear sense of their identity, they may experience greater wellbeing. This finding underscores the importance of encouraging adolescents to explore their values, interests, and goals, as well as providing them with support and guidance throughout the process. Additionally, the findings of the study revealed that emotional autonomy has a negative influence on psychological wellbeing when identity commitment is low or average. Specifically, when individuals have a low level of identity commitment, emotional autonomy significantly predicts lower psychological wellbeing. Similarly, when identity commitment is at an average level, emotional autonomy also has a detrimental effect on psychological wellbeing. Lastly, the study revealed that when individuals have a high level of identity commitment, emotional autonomy does not have a significant impact on psychological wellbeing. In simpler terms, when individuals possess a strong sense of commitment to their identity, their level of emotional autonomy does not play a significant role in influencing their psychological wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wawie D. G. Ruiz
- Department of Psychology, Central Luzon State University, Munoz, Nueva Ecija, Philippines
| | - Homer J. Yabut
- Department of Psychology, De La Salle University, Manila, Philippines
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Fastame MC, Manca C, Mulas I, Ruiu M. Psychosocial correlates of flourishing in the late lifespan. Aging Clin Exp Res 2024; 36:68. [PMID: 38480617 PMCID: PMC10937776 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-024-02703-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flourishing is a primary dimension of psychological well-being that contributes massively to the development of an active, purposeful, and respectful life, full of meaning, values, and personal interests that nurture social ties. AIMS This study primarily intended to examine the contribution of satisfaction with family relations, resilience, metacognitive efficiency, and crystallized intelligence in predicting a flourishing measure in cognitively healthy older adults. Moreover, the impact of gender was investigated on flourishing, satisfaction with family ties, resilience, and metacognitive efficiency. METHODS One hundred and eighty 65-94-year-old community dwellers were recruited in Sardinia (Italy). Participants self-rated their flourishing, satisfaction with their family connections, psychological hardness (i.e., a dimension of resilience), and cognitive function, whereas global cognitive efficiency and vocabulary were assessed through two internationally validated objective tests. RESULTS A hierarchical regression analysis revealed that 30% of the variance in the flourishing condition was explained by satisfaction with family ties, resilience, and metacognitive efficiency. In addition, males exhibited higher flourishing and satisfaction with family ties than females, and the former group also reported being more autonomous and acting proactively to influence its destiny. CONCLUSION Emotional support and rewarding relations with family members, the ability to face stressful events, and a good perception of one's cognitive efficiency play a crucial role in promoting flourishing in late adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chiara Fastame
- Department of Pedagogy, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Via Is Mirrionis 1, 09123, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Cristina Manca
- Department of Pedagogy, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Via Is Mirrionis 1, 09123, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Ilaria Mulas
- Department of Pedagogy, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Via Is Mirrionis 1, 09123, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marilena Ruiu
- Department of Pedagogy, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Via Is Mirrionis 1, 09123, Cagliari, Italy
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Yang CC, Chen HT, Luo KH, Watanabe K, Chuang HY, Wu CW, Dai CY, Kuo CH, Kawakami N. The validation of Chinese version of workplace PERMA-profiler and the association between workplace well-being and fatigue. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:720. [PMID: 38448843 PMCID: PMC10916278 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18194-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Well-being is an important issue in workplace. One of these assessment tools of well-being, Workplace PERMA Profiler, is based on Seligman's five dimensions well-being. Prolonged fatigue may last for a long time, leading a great impact on both employees and enterprises. However, rare studies about the association between well-being and fatigue had been investigated. Our aim is to establish the Chinese version Profiler, and to discovery the association between workplace well-being and fatigue. METHODS The Chinese version was established according to International Society of Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR) task force guidelines. In the study, researchers employed simple random sampling by approaching individuals undergoing health checkups or receiving workplace health services, inviting them to participate in a questionnaire-based interview. Prolonged Fatigue was evaluated by Checklist Individual Strength (CIS). The reliability was evaluated by Cronbach's alphas, Intra-class Correlation Coefficients (ICCs), and measurement errors. Moreover, confirmatory factor analysis and correlational analyses were assessed for the validity. RESULTS The analyses included 312 Chinese workers. Cronbach's alphas of the Chinese version ranged from 0.69 to 0.93, while the ICC ranged from 0.70 to 0.92. The 5-factor model of confirmatory factor analysis revealed a nearly appropriate fit (χ2 (82) = 346.560, Comparative Fit Index [CFI] = 0.887, Tucker-Lewis Index [TLI] = 0.855, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation [RMSEA] = 0.114, Standardized Root Mean Square Residual [SRMR] = 0.060). Moreover, the CIS and its four dimensions were significantly and negatively associated with the Positive Emotion, while they are positively associated with Engagement dimension except CIS-Motivation dimension. CONCLUSION The Chinese version Workplace PERMA-Profiler indicate nice reliability and validity. Furthermore, all CIS dimensions were negatively influenced by Positive Emotion, while commonly positively associated with Engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Cheng Yang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 807, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, 812, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, 807, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Tai Chen
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, 7000, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Kuei-Hau Luo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, 807, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Kazuhiro Watanabe
- Department of Public Health, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitazato, Minami-ku, 252-0374, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Hung-Yi Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 807, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, 807, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Wei Wu
- Department of Surgery, Shin Kong Wu Ho Su Memorial Hospital, 111, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yen Dai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, 807, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Hung Kuo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, 812, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Norito Kawakami
- Department of Digital Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-0033, Tokyo, Japan
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Chen Z, Guo N, Chen T, Liao L, Hu S, Wang L. A latent profile analysis of resilience and the associations with flourishing in emergency nurses exposed to workplace violence in China. Nurs Health Sci 2024; 26:e13085. [PMID: 38356099 DOI: 10.1111/nhs.13085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Workplace violence (WPV) exposure has been particularly prevalent in emergency nurses, coupled with negative mental health outcomes. Few explored resilience after WPV exposure using the perspective of positive mental health. We aimed to identify latent profiles of resilience and examine associations with flourishing in emergency nurses with WPV exposure. A total of 1241 Chinese emergency nurses were surveyed on the frequency of WPV exposure, resilience, and flourishing. Eight hundred and twenty five participants (90.1% female, 86.6% aged 20-39) reported WPV exposure at least once in the past 3 months. Latent profile analysis identified profiles of resilience as low resilience (15.0%), moderate decision respond and interpersonal link with low rational thought and flexible adaption (18.0%), moderate resilience (31.0%), high decision respond, interpersonal link, and rational thought with moderate flexible adaption (16.0%), and high resilience (20.0%). Higher flourishing was observed in profiles of moderate resilience, high decision respond, interpersonal link, and rational thought with moderate flexible adaption, and high resilience. We differentiated profiles of resilience and the associations with flourishing in emergency nurses with WPV exposure, which informed targeted interventions for promoting positive mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiling Chen
- School of Nursing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ningyuan Guo
- School of Nursing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tangyu Chen
- School of Nursing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liwen Liao
- School of Nursing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sanlian Hu
- Department of Nursing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Wang
- School of Nursing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Nurcahyo FA, Valentina TD. The Indonesian Version of the Flourishing Scale: Is it Reliable and Valid for Indonesian People? Eval Health Prof 2024; 47:32-40. [PMID: 37955394 DOI: 10.1177/01632787231215316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
The Flourishing Scale (FS) was developed to measure individual psychological well-being. The FS was developed based on psychological well-being theories that include meaning and purpose in life, involvement in activities, social relationships, and feelings of competence. The psychometric properties of the FS have been studied in several countries. However, research that provides reports on reliability and validity for the Indonesian version of the FS is limited. The aim of the study was, therefore, to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Indonesian version of FS which include reliability, internal structure, and convergent validity. 1129 respondents completed the FS, Scale of Positive and Negative Experience (SPANE), and Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9). The Cronbach's Alpha coefficients indicate a good internal consistency of the FS. The result of the Confirmatory Factor Analysis confirmed that a single-factor structure of the FS fit to the data. The result of the Multi-Group Confirmatory Factor Analysis showed measurement invariance across two subsamples. The results of the correlation test show a significant correlation between the FS with the SPANE and PHQ-9. Taken together, the Indonesian version of the FS can be considered a reliable and valid instrument to measure psychological well-being for Indonesian people.
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Downward P, Webb T, Dawson P. Referee Abuse, Intention to Quit, and Well-Being. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2024; 95:207-217. [PMID: 37039732 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2023.2184459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
There are growing levels of abuse toward match officials in sport as well as general problems of their recruitment and retention. Purpose: This study analyzes the role that physical and nonphysical abuse has on association football referees' intentions to quit and their personal well-being. Methods: Drawing on pooled survey data of association football referees from the UK and Canada, this paper employs probit, ordinary least squares, and treatment effects regression analyses to explore the casual relationship between the physical and nonphysical abuse faced by referees, their intention to quit and their well-being. Results: Although physical abuse is less common than nonphysical abuse both affect the intention to quit and well-being of officials. Moreover, those that do not contemplate quitting also face reductions in their well-being. Conclusion: The research recommends a zero-tolerance approach to all forms of abuse of officials in sport and identifies that organizations have a duty of care for the well-being of their officials.
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Aliyev B, Rustamov E, Satici SA, Zalova Nuriyeva U. Azerbaijani adaptation of the WHO-5 wellbeing index: investigating its relationship with psychological distress, resilience, and life satisfaction. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:100. [PMID: 38414017 PMCID: PMC10900660 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01593-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The WHO-5 Wellbeing Index is a widely used tool for assessing psychological well-being. Despite its global application, its adaptation and validation for the Azerbaijani population had not been previously explored. This study aims to fill this gap by adapting the WHO-5 Wellbeing Index for Azerbaijani adults and examining its relationship with psychological distress, resilience, and life satisfaction. METHODS A sample of 875 Azerbaijani adults aged 18 to 89 (mean age = 29.13, SD = 10.98) participated in this study. The adaptation process included confirmatory factor analysis to test the original 5-item structure of the index in the Azerbaijani context. Additionally, item response theory analysis was employed to evaluate the discriminative values of the items. Reliability was assessed through various methods, including Cronbach's alpha, McDonald's omega, and Guttmann's lambda. RESULTS Confirmatory factor analysis supported the original 5-item structure of the WHO-5 Wellbeing Index for the Azerbaijani sample, demonstrating alignment with the index's original version. All items showed acceptable discriminative values in item response theory analysis. The index also exhibited sufficient reliability, as evidenced by Cronbach's alpha, McDonald's omega, and Guttmann's lambda. Correlation and network analyses indicated significant associations of the WHO-5 Wellbeing Index with psychological distress, resilience, and life satisfaction. Specifically, the index was negatively correlated with depression, anxiety, and stress, and positively correlated with resilience and life satisfaction. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that the WHO-5 Wellbeing Index is a valid and reliable tool for assessing psychological well-being in the Azerbaijani population. Its significant associations with psychological distress, resilience, and life satisfaction further affirm its utility in this cultural context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bakhtiyar Aliyev
- Psychology Scientific Research Institute, Ziya Bünyadov, 38, Nərimanov, AZ1075, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Elnur Rustamov
- Psychology Scientific Research Institute, Ziya Bünyadov, 38, Nərimanov, AZ1075, Baku, Azerbaijan.
| | - Seydi Ahmet Satici
- Faculty of Education, Department of Psychological Counselling, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Ulkar Zalova Nuriyeva
- Psychology Scientific Research Institute, Ziya Bünyadov, 38, Nərimanov, AZ1075, Baku, Azerbaijan
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Zhang J, Zheng W, Li H, Hua W, Fu M. Meaning matters: linking proactive vitality management to subjective well-being. THE JOURNAL OF GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY 2024:1-24. [PMID: 38389273 DOI: 10.1080/00221309.2024.2317241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Prior research has indicated that positive affect, energy, and vitality are positively related to subjective well-being. Unfortunately, most scholars have overlooked the possibility that individuals may proactively manage their energetic, affective, and cognitive resources to boost their subjective well-being. Grounded in social cognitive theory, the current research focuses on explaining why students' proactive vitality management (PVM) leads to positive outcomes (i.e., meaning in life, subjective well-being) and considers how school support climate moderates these effects. One experimental study (Study 1) and a three-wave lagged survey (Study 2) were conducted to examine the benefits of PVM. The results demonstrated that PVM was positively related to students' meaning in life, further promoting their subjective well-being. Moreover, school support climate accentuated PVM's effect on meaning in life and its indirect effect on subjective well-being via meaning in life. Implications for research and practice are also discussed, along with study limitations and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Haihong Li
- Shandong University of Finance and Economics
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Zábó V, Erát D, Gonda X, Harangozó J, Iváncsics M, Vincze Á, Farkas J, Balogh G, Oláh A, Kéri S, Purebl G, Vargha A. Preliminary validation of the Mental Health Test in a psychiatric sample. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4023. [PMID: 38369582 PMCID: PMC10874926 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54537-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
To assist psychiatrists and clinical psychologists to assess their patients' psychological immune competence-based capacities and resources, depending on the mental health disorder diagnosis and the severity of the symptoms, the present study examined the psychometric properties of the Mental Health Test in a psychiatric sample. The research was carried out in four Hungarian healthcare facilities using a cross-sectional design. A total of 331 patients (140 male, 188 female, and 3 who preferred not to disclose their gender) completed the Mental Health Test, six well-being and mental health measures, and the Symptom Checklist-90. Psychiatrists and clinical psychologists reported the mental disorder status of each participant. Confirmatory factor analysis showed a good fit of the five-factor model to the data for the clinical version of the Mental Health Test (CFI = 0.972, RMSEA = 0.034). High internal consistency coefficients (α: 0.70-0.84; ω: 0.71-0.85) and excellent external and content validity were reported. The test is not sensitive to sociodemographic indicators but is sensitive to the correlates of well-being and to the symptoms of different types of mental disorders. Our preliminary findings suggest that the Mental Health Test is a suitable measure for assessing mental health capacities and resources in psychiatric samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virág Zábó
- Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dávid Erát
- Department of Sociology, Institute of Social and Media Studies, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Xenia Gonda
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
- NAP3.0-SE Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Judit Harangozó
- Community Psychiatry Centre, Semmelweis University - Awakenings Foundation, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Máté Iváncsics
- National Institute of Mental Health, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Nyírő Gyula Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Vincze
- Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- National Institute of Mental Health, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Nyírő Gyula Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judit Farkas
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- National Institute of Mental Health, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Nyírő Gyula Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Balogh
- National Institute of Mental Health, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Nyírő Gyula Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Oláh
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Kéri
- National Institute of Mental Health, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Nyírő Gyula Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Cognitive Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - György Purebl
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Vargha
- Person- and Family-Oriented Health Science Research Group, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Institute of Psychology, Károli Gáspár University of the Reformed Church in Hungary, Budapest, Hungary
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Schreiber C, Schotanus-Dijkstra M. Enhancing mental wellbeing by changing mindsets? Results from two randomized controlled trials. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:77. [PMID: 38360675 PMCID: PMC10870491 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01470-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Improving mental wellbeing is often targeted with behavioral interventions, while mindset interventions might be more appealing as they require less time and effort. In addition to recent experimental studies demonstrating that attributional beliefs can be changed to improve emotional wellbeing and performance, the current study examines whether a positive change in people's beliefs about stress and life philosophy enhances emotional, social and psychological wellbeing using brief educational interventions. Two parallel double-blind randomized controlled trials were conducted. Study 1 (N = 106; 62.3% female, mean age 36.0) compared an educational video about the benefits of a stress-is-enhancing mindset versus an active control video. In Study 2 (N = 136; 57.4% female, mean age 35.7), educational texts about the benefits of a stress-is-enhancing mindset and holding a life-is-long-and-easy mindset were compared to an active control text. Results of multilevel growth curve modeling showed that a stress mindset could be significantly changed using an educational video or text, while the change in the philosophies of life mindset did not significantly differ between conditions. Furthermore, none of the manipulations were able to sustain the positive change in mindset which might explain why there was no significant increase in mental wellbeing compared to control. To have a lasting effect on people's mental wellbeing, a change in mindset might need to be embodied in everyday life. Future research should investigate simple versus intensive interventions with longer follow-up time to examine whether and how a mindset can be sustainably changed to promote flourishing mental health in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Schreiber
- Department of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Center for Research on Education and School Development, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Marijke Schotanus-Dijkstra
- Faculty of Behavioural, Management and Social sciences; Department of Psychology, Health and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, Enschede, 7500 AE, The Netherlands.
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Schafer MH, Upenieks L. On religious ambiguity: Childhood family religiosity and adult flourishing in a twin sample. SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 2024; 118:102949. [PMID: 38336416 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2023.102949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Ambiguity is an important notion in sociology, denoting situations where social actors and groups carry on without shared meaning. The current article applies this concept to the context of religiosity during people's upbringing, recognizing that multiple factors make family-level religion a complex experience. Indeed, though recent research portrays household religiosity in childhood as a sociocultural exposure with long-term implications for well-being, existing studies have yet to incorporate multiple inputs to consider the cohesiveness of that exposure. Using twin data from a national sample, we investigate whether consistency in recalled household religiosity is associated with mid-life flourishing. Multi-level linear regression models reveal that similarity in twin reports matter, above and beyond the actual level of religiosity individuals report and net of dis/similarity across other childhood recollections. We conclude that coherence in religious upbringing-whether religion was understood to be important or not-is a key ingredient for thriving later in life and then reflect more broadly on manifestations of sociocultural ambiguity in families and in larger social units.
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Rule A, Abbey C, Wang H, Rozelle S, Singh MK. Measurement of flourishing: a scoping review. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1293943. [PMID: 38362251 PMCID: PMC10867253 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1293943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Flourishing is an evolving wellbeing construct and outcome of interest across the social and biological sciences. Despite some conceptual advancements, there remains limited consensus on how to measure flourishing, as well as how to distinguish it from closely related wellbeing constructs, such as thriving and life satisfaction. This paper aims to provide an overview and comparison of the diverse scales that have been developed to measure flourishing among adolescent and adult populations to provide recommendations for future studies seeking to use flourishing as an outcome in social and biological research. Methods In accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), we conducted a scoping review across PubMed and EMBASE of studies introducing original flourishing scales (defined as a previously unpublished measure of mental health or wellbeing that used "flourishing" in its definition). Studies focusing on adult populations that were published before April 28, 2023 were considered eligible for inclusion. Results Out of 781 studies retrieved, we identified seven eligible studies covering seven unique flourishing scales. We find that all seven scales are multidimensional and assess features over monthly or yearly intervals. While most of the scales (six out of seven) include indicators of both hedonic and eudaimonic wellbeing, the operationalization of these dimensions of wellbeing varies considerably between scales. Several of the scales have been translated and validated across multiple geographical contexts, including higher- and lower-income countries. Discussion Complementing self-report measures with other social, economic, regional, and biological indicators of flourishing may be useful to provide holistic and widely applicable measures of wellbeing. This review contributes to concept validation efforts that can guide strategies to sustain flourishing societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Rule
- Stanford Center on China's Economy and Institutions, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Cody Abbey
- Stanford Center on China's Economy and Institutions, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Huan Wang
- Stanford Center on China's Economy and Institutions, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Scott Rozelle
- Stanford Center on China's Economy and Institutions, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Manpreet K. Singh
- Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
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Abbott P, Nixon G, Stanley I, D’Ambruoso L. A protocol for a critical realist synthesis of school mindfulness interventions designed to promote pupils' mental wellbeing. Front Public Health 2024; 11:1309649. [PMID: 38264247 PMCID: PMC10803664 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1309649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The review described in this protocol will be the first critical realist review of the literature reporting on the impact of school-based mindfulness interventions on the mental wellbeing of pupils. Mindfulness interventions are increasingly being introduced into schools to promote children's (and teachers') wellbeing. Findings from impact evaluations, including systematic reviews and metanalysis, suggest that school-based mindfulness interventions promote pupils' wellbeing. However, there is a need for further evidence on the underlying causal mechanisms and contexts that explain program outcomes, to provide insight into how mindfulness programs can be successfully implemented in other contexts. Methods and analysis A critical realist review methodology will be used to provide a causal interdisciplinary understanding of how school-based mindfulness interventions promote the mental wellbeing of pupils. This will be done through a systematic literature review and extrapolating context, agency, intervention, mechanisms, and outcome configurations. This will enable an understanding of how, in certain contexts, pupils can use the resources offered by a mindfulness intervention knowingly or unknowingly to trigger mechanisms that promote their mental wellbeing and what mechanisms in the context support, restrict or prevent change. We will then use retrodiction and retroduction to develop the most plausible interdisciplinary middle-range theory to explain the findings. Discussion The review findings will inform a critical realist evaluation of a mindfulness intervention in schools. The findings from the review will also enable us to inform policymakers and other stakeholders about what conditions need to be in place for mindfulness interventions to promote pupils' mental wellbeing. We will publish the findings from the review in academic and professional publications, policy briefs, workshops, conferences, and social media.PROSPERO registration number: CRD42023410484.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Abbott
- Centre for Global Development, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
- School of Education, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Graeme Nixon
- Centre for Global Development, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
- School of Education, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Isabel Stanley
- Centre for Global Development, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
- School of Education, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Lucia D’Ambruoso
- Centre for Global Development, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
- Aberdeen Centre for Health Data Science, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
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Cerezo MV, Soria-Reyes LM, Alarcón R, Blanca MJ. The Flourishing Scale: Psychometric Properties in Breast Cancer Patients. Integr Cancer Ther 2024; 23:15347354241249935. [PMID: 38755965 PMCID: PMC11102690 DOI: 10.1177/15347354241249935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Promoting well-being is a key goal of cancer care, and it needs to be assessed using appropriate instruments. Flourishing is considered part of psychological well-being and it is commonly assessed with the Flourishing Scale (FS). To our knowledge, no studies have analyzed the psychometric properties of the FS in breast cancer patients. Our aim here was to provide validity evidence for use of the FS in this context. METHOD Participants were 217 Spanish women with breast cancer who completed the FS and other scales assessing positive psychology constructs (life satisfaction, positive affect, resilience, self-esteem, optimism) and indicators of psychological maladjustment (negative affect, depression, anxiety, and stress). The internal structure of the FS was analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). We calculated the average variance extracted (AVE) to evaluate convergent validity, and both McDonald's omega and Cronbach's alpha coefficients to estimate reliability. Item analysis was performed by computing corrected item-total correlations. Validity evidence based on relationships with other variables was obtained through Pearson correlation analysis, controlling for age and cancer stage. RESULTS The CFA supported a single-factor structure, with adequate goodness-of-fit indices (CFI = 0.997, NNFI = 0.996, RMSEA = 0.069, and SRMR = 0.047) and standardized factor loadings ranging from 0.70 to 0.87. The value of the AVE was 0.63, and the reliability coefficient obtained with both procedures was 0.91. Corrected item-total correlations ranged from .62 to .78. Correlation analysis showed direct and strong associations between the FS score and scores on positive psychology constructs (range from 0.43 to 0.74), the strongest correlations being with positive affect and life satisfaction. The FS score was inversely correlated with scores on depression, anxiety, stress, negative affect, and pessimism (range from -0.14 to -0.52), the strongest association being with stress. DISCUSSION The FS is a useful tool for exploring well-being in the breast cancer context, providing useful information for psychological assessment.
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Joshua George A, John R, Rajkumar E, Wajid M, Lakshmi R. Eudaimonia and mindfulness as predictors of alcohol-dependence: a pilot study. COGENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/23311908.2022.2157964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Allen Joshua George
- Humanities & Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Management, Ranchi, India
| | - Romate John
- Department of Psychology, Central University of Karnataka, Kalaburagi, India
| | - Eslavath Rajkumar
- Department of Psychology, Central University of Karnataka, Kalaburagi, India
| | - Maria Wajid
- Department of Psychology, Central University of Karnataka, Kalaburagi, India
| | - R. Lakshmi
- Department of Psychology, Central University of Karnataka, Kalaburagi, India
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Mitchell KR, Palmer MJ, Lewis R, Bosó Pérez R, Maxwell KJ, Macdowall W, Reid D, Bonell C, Mercer CH, Sonnenberg P, Fortenberry JD. Development and Validation of a Brief Measure of Sexual Wellbeing for Population Surveys: The Natsal Sexual Wellbeing Measure (Natsal-SW). JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2023:1-11. [PMID: 38127808 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2023.2278530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Sexual wellbeing is an important aspect of population health. Addressing and monitoring it as a distinct issue requires valid measures. Our previous conceptual work identified seven domains of sexual wellbeing: security; respect; self-esteem; resilience; forgiveness; self-determination; and comfort. Here, we describe the development and validation of a measure of sexual wellbeing reflecting these domains. Based on the analysis of 40 semi-structured interviews, we operationalized domains into items, and refined them via cognitive interviews, workshops, and expert review. We tested the items via two web-based surveys (n = 590; n = 814). Using data from the first survey, we carried out exploratory factor analysis to assess and eliminate poor performing items. Using data from the second survey, we carried out confirmatory factor analysis to examine model fit and associations between the item reduced measure and external variables hypothesized to correlate with sexual wellbeing (external validity). A sub-sample (n = 113) repeated the second survey after 2 weeks to evaluate test-retest reliability. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that a "general specific model" had best fit (RMSEA: 0.064; CFI: 0.975, TLI: 0.962), and functioned equivalently across age group, gender, sexual orientation, and relationship status. The final Natsal-SW measure comprised 13 items (from an initial set of 25). It was associated with external variables in the directions hypothesized (all p < .001), including mental wellbeing (0.454), self-esteem (0.564), body image (0.232), depression (-0.384), anxiety (-0.340), sexual satisfaction (0.680) and sexual distress (-0.615), and demonstrated good test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.78). The measure enables sexual wellbeing to be quantified and understood within and across populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Melissa J Palmer
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
| | - Ruth Lewis
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow
| | - Raquel Bosó Pérez
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow
| | | | - Wendy Macdowall
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
| | - David Reid
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
| | - Chris Bonell
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
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Parsons RD, McParland JL, Halligan SL, Goubert L, Noel M, Jordan A. Looking on the bright side: The relationships between flourishing and pain-related outcomes among adolescents living with chronic pain. J Health Psychol 2023:13591053231214099. [PMID: 38102737 DOI: 10.1177/13591053231214099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
A deficits-based approach to adolescent chronic pain currently dominates the literature, to the exclusion of positive approaches, such as flourishing. Addressing this knowledge gap, this study examined the relationships between flourishing and pain-related outcomes in adolescent chronic pain. Seventy-nine adolescents aged 11-24 years were asked to complete self-report measures of three domains of flourishing and four pain-related outcomes. Correlation coefficients and four hierarchical linear regression analyses were conducted, controlling for age and gender. Flourishing mental health was associated with, and significantly contributed to explaining, anxiety and depressive symptoms, and social and family functioning impairment. Benefit finding and posttraumatic growth were each associated with social and family functioning impairment, while posttraumatic growth was also associated with anxiety and depressive symptoms. Additionally, benefit finding significantly contributed to explaining pain intensity. Study findings underscore the importance of assessing the relationships between flourishing and pain-related outcomes in adolescents with chronic pain.
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Scalas LF, Lodi E, Magnano P, Marsh HW. Towards a multidimensional measure of well-being: cross-cultural support through the Italian validation of the well-being profile. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:441. [PMID: 38093334 PMCID: PMC10720179 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01485-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Well-being Profile (WB-Pro) is a multi-item and multidimensional instrument with strong psychometric properties and a solid theoretical grounding. It includes aspects of hedonic and eudaimonic well-being that can be used at the individual and social levels. METHOD We developed the Italian version through back-translation procedures. The aim of this study is to validate the WB-Pro in Italian as well as to better understand its multidimensionality through bifactor analysis. A sample of 1451 participants (910 = women, 62.7%; age range: 18-70, M-age = 32.34, SD-age = 13.64) was involved. RESULTS The 15-factor structure was confirmed with CFA and ESEM and was invariant across gender, age, and education. We examined convergent and discriminant validity and a bifactorial representation. Short versions of the WB-Pro were tested. DISCUSSION Even though a few items of the Italian version of the WB-Pro might benefit from revision (e.g., clear-thinking scale), this study confirms the theoretical and empirical strength of the WB-Pro. CONCLUSIONS This study supports the WB-Pro validity and usefulness in studying well-being and for professional psychological applications to assess well-being in both individuals and groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Francesca Scalas
- Dipartimento di Pedagogia, Psicologia, Filosofia, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Via Is Mirrionis, 1- Cagliari (Loc. Sa Duchessa), Cagliari, 09123, Italy.
| | - Ernesto Lodi
- Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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Cosme D, Mobasser A, Pfeifer JH. If you're happy and you know it: neural correlates of self-evaluated psychological health and well-being. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2023; 18:nsad065. [PMID: 37930824 PMCID: PMC10684270 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsad065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychological health and well-being have important implications for individual and societal thriving. Research underscores the subjective nature of well-being, but how do individuals intuit this subjective sense of well-being in the moment? This pre-registered study addresses this question by examining the neural correlates of self-evaluated psychological health and their dynamic relationship with trial-level evaluations. Participants (N = 105) completed a self-evaluation task and made judgments about three facets of psychological health and positive functioning-self-oriented well-being, social well-being and ill-being. Consistent with pre-registered hypotheses, self-evaluation elicited activity in the default mode network, and there was strong spatial overlap among constructs. Trial-level analyses assessed whether and how activity in a priori regions of interest-perigenual anterior cingulate cortex (pgACC), ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and ventral striatum-were related to subjective evaluations. These regions explained additional variance in whether participants endorsed or rejected items but were differentially related to evaluations. Stronger activity in pgACC was associated with a higher probability of endorsement across constructs, whereas stronger activity in vmPFC was associated with a higher probability of endorsing ill-being items, but a lower probability of endorsing self-oriented and social well-being items. These results add nuance to neurocognitive accounts of self-evaluation and extend our understanding of the neurobiological basis of subjective psychological health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Cosme
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Arian Mobasser
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
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Liljedahl SI, Mossberg A, Grenner H, Waern M. Life experienced as worth living and beyond: a qualitative study of the pathways to recovery and flourishing amongst individuals treated for borderline personality disorder. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:838. [PMID: 37964237 PMCID: PMC10644482 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05357-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT) is recognized as a leading evidence-based treatment, effective in reducing symptoms of borderline personality disorder (BPD), as well as co-occurring clinical syndromes. However, symptom remission may not be the same as a life experienced as worth living. The purpose of the study was to understand, from the perspective of individuals with lived experience, the concepts of recovery, life experienced as worth living and flourishing after treatment for BPD, and to describe the pathways to wellness after symptom remission. METHODS Semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine adult women previously diagnosed with BPD, co-occurring clinical syndromes and severe self-harm behaviour who self-identified as recovered for a minimum of two years, recruited from a network for individuals with lived experience. The average duration of recovery was 5.7 years with a range from 2 to 10 + years. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. RESULTS Four main themes and 14 subthemes were generated from our analyses. Main themes indicated that loved ones helped recovery and to create a life worth living, that participants identified as recovered and as healthy and beyond, and that becoming well is a long process associated in part with reclaiming a healthy identity. Participants defined recovery as separate but related to a life worth living, which in turn was separate but related to being healthy and having lives they described as being beyond health and well-being. The wellness process was described as lengthy and non-linear, including setbacks that with time no longer derailed daily life. A proposed theoretical model depicting the wellness process over time from symptom remission to the experience of a life beyond health and wellness is presented. CONCLUSIONS This qualitative study contributes knowledge of what a life experienced as worth living means, as well as how wellness progressed into flourishing for some participants within a sample of individuals with lived experience. Our findings may inform treatment development that targets more than symptom reduction, which in turn may shorten trajectories from symptom remission to health, wellness, and flourishing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie I Liljedahl
- Region Västra Götaland, Department of Psychiatry for Affective Disorders, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, National Specialized Medical Care Unit for Severe Self-Harm Behaviour, Journalvägen 5, Gothenburg, 416 50, Sweden.
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SU/Sahlgrenska, Blå Stråket 15, Gothenburg, 413 45, Sweden.
| | - Anni Mossberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SU/Sahlgrenska, Blå Stråket 15, Gothenburg, 413 45, Sweden
| | - Hanna Grenner
- Region Västra Götaland, Department of Psychiatry for Affective Disorders, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, National Specialized Medical Care Unit for Severe Self-Harm Behaviour, Journalvägen 5, Gothenburg, 416 50, Sweden
| | - Margda Waern
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SU/Sahlgrenska, Blå Stråket 15, Gothenburg, 413 45, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Psychosis Clinic, Gothenburg, 41345, Sweden
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Sun Y, Liu L. Structural equation modeling of university students' academic resilience academic well-being, personality and educational attainment in online classes with Tencent Meeting application in China: investigating the role of student engagement. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:347. [PMID: 37864215 PMCID: PMC10589943 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01366-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Online learning presents unique challenges for students, such as reduced social support and increased distractions. Understanding the psychological factors that contribute to educational attainment in online classes is therefore important. PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the structural relations among the psychological factors: academic resilience, personality, academic well-being, and educational attainment in online classes using the Tencent Meeting application in China. The study also explored the mediating role of student engagement in the relationship between the variables. METHODOLOGY This study used structural equation modeling (SEM) to investigate the relationships among the variables of the study. The participants were 384 undergraduate, graduate, and postgraduate students from Henan Polytechnic University in China. The participants completed self-report surveys of academic resilience, academic well-being, educational attainment, student engagement and personality types. DATA ANALYSIS The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine the relationships among variables. The goodness of fit of the SEM was assessed using several fit indices, including the chi-square test, the comparative fit index (CFI), the Tucker-Lewis index (TLI), and the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA). The study also conducted mediation analyses to explore the potential mediating roles of learner enjoyment in the relationships between psychological factors and educational attainment. FINDINGS The results of the study showed that all variables of the study were positively related to educational attainment. The findings suggest that promoting academic resilience, academic well-being, and student engagement may be effective strategies for enhancing educational attainment in online classes using the Tencent Meeting application in China. CONCLUSIONS Using the Tencent Meeting application in China, this study provides insights into the complex interplay among several psychological factors and educational attainment in online classes. The findings highlight the importance of promoting academic resilience, personality, academic well-being, and student engagement to enhance educational attainment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Sun
- School of Architecture & Artistic Design, Henan Polytechnic University, Henan, 454000, China
| | - Long Liu
- School of Architecture & Artistic Design, Henan Polytechnic University, Henan, 454000, China.
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Li L, Khan A, Rameli MRM. Assessing the Relationship between Prosocial Behavior and Well-Being: Basic Psychological Need as the Mediator. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2023; 13:2179-2191. [PMID: 37887154 PMCID: PMC10606585 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe13100153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous research has established a positive link between prosocial behavior (PB) and psychological well-being. However, limited studies have explored the relationship between PB and well-being (WB), particularly among vocational students. Furthermore, the underlying mechanisms, including mediating factors, remain understudied in this context. This study aimed to investigate the association between PB and WB among vocational students while examining the mediating role of basic psychological needs. A sample of 221 vocational students (mean age = 19.68 years, SD = 1.57) completed anonymous questionnaires assessing PB, basic psychological needs, and WB. The results revealed a positive correlation between PB and WB in vocational students (r = 0.22, p < 0.01), with basic psychological needs partially mediating this relationship (β = 0.14, t = 10.85, p < 0.001, 95% CI = (0.18, 0.23)). These findings enhance our understanding of the association between PB and vocational students' WB, shed light on the mechanisms involved, and offer insights into promoting the well-being of vocational students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linwei Li
- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia; (A.K.); (M.R.M.R.)
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Bjørndal LD, Nes RB, Czajkowski N, Røysamb E. The structure of well-being: a single underlying factor with genetic and environmental influences. Qual Life Res 2023; 32:2805-2816. [PMID: 37209357 PMCID: PMC10199429 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-023-03437-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The structure of well-being has been debated for millennia. Dominant conceptualisations, such as the hedonic and eudaimonic models, emphasise different constituents of the well-being construct. Some previous studies have suggested that the underlying structure of well-being may consist of one or a few general well-being factors. We conducted three studies to advance knowledge on the structure of well-being comprising more than 21,500 individuals, including a genetically informative twin sample. METHODS In Study 1, we used hierarchical exploratory factor analysis to identify well-being factors in a population-based sample of Norwegian adults. In Study 2, we used confirmatory factor analysis to examine the model fit of the identified factor model in an independent sample. In Study 3, we used biometric models to examine genetic and environmental influences on general well-being factors. RESULTS We identified six well-being factors which all loaded on a single higher-order factor. This higher-order factor may represent a general "happiness factor", i.e. an h-factor, akin to the p-factor in psychopathology research. The identified factor model had excellent fit in an independent sample. All well-being factors showed moderate genetic and substantial non-shared environmental influence, with heritability estimates ranging from 26% to 40%. Heritability was highest for the higher-order general happiness factor. CONCLUSION Our findings yield novel insights into the structure of well-being and genetic and environmental influences on general well-being factors, with implications for well-being and mental health research, including genetically informative studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludvig Daae Bjørndal
- Department of Psychology, PROMENTA Research Center, University of Oslo, PO Box 1094, 0317, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Ragnhild Bang Nes
- Department of Psychology, PROMENTA Research Center, University of Oslo, PO Box 1094, 0317, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Philosophy, Classics, and History of Arts and Ideas, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nikolai Czajkowski
- Department of Psychology, PROMENTA Research Center, University of Oslo, PO Box 1094, 0317, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Espen Røysamb
- Department of Psychology, PROMENTA Research Center, University of Oslo, PO Box 1094, 0317, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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Zábó V, Csiszar A, Ungvari Z, Purebl G. Psychological resilience and competence: key promoters of successful aging and flourishing in late life. GeroScience 2023; 45:3045-3058. [PMID: 37418098 PMCID: PMC10643728 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00856-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Many individuals, both in the public and within the field of psychology, often perceive aging as a burden that negatively impacts intellectual and mental health. Our present study aims to challenge this notion by identifying the crucial components of positive mental health in later life. These components not only promote positive mental health but also actively contribute to it, even under difficult circumstances. To accomplish this, we first offer a concise review of well-being and mental health models that highlight the psychological aspects of flourishing in late life. We then introduce a psychological competence-based model for positive mental health, which aligns with the concept of positive aging. Subsequently, we present a measurement tool suitable for practical applications. Finally, we provide a comprehensive overview of positive aging, drawing on methodological guidelines and existing research findings concerning sustainable positive mental health in later life. We examine the evidence indicating that psychological resilience (the capacity to adapt and recover from adversity or stress) and competence (skills and abilities to effectively cope with challenges across various life domains) significantly contribute to slowing down biological aging processes. Furthermore, we discuss insights into the relationship between psychological factors and aging derived from research on Blue Zones (regions characterized by a higher proportion of individuals experiencing longer, healthier lives).
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Affiliation(s)
- Virág Zábó
- Doctoral School of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Csiszar
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Zoltan Ungvari
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - György Purebl
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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He J, Iskhar S, Yang Y, Aisuluu M. Exploring the relationship between teacher growth mindset, grit, mindfulness, and EFL teachers' well-being. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1241335. [PMID: 37818422 PMCID: PMC10561394 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1241335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study examines the relationship between teacher growth mindset, mindfulness, grit, and teacher well-being, with a particular emphasis on the mediating role of grit. Methods The study involved 547 Chinese EFL teachers as participants. Data collection utilized validated measures of growth mindset, mindfulness, grit, and occupational well-being. Structural equation modeling was employed to analyze the data and investigate the proposed relationships. Results The findings reveal several important relationships. Firstly, both teacher growth mindset and teacher grit exhibit a direct positive influence on teacher well-being. Secondly, teacher grit acts as a mediator in the connection between teacher mindfulness and teacher occupational well-being. This suggests that the positive impact of mindfulness on well-being is, in part, explained by the presence of grit. Discussion These findings significantly contribute to our comprehension of the factors influencing teacher well-being. They underscore the importance of cultivating growth mindset, mindfulness, and grit in educational contexts. Moreover, the implications of these findings for teacher training and support programs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyu He
- School of Foreign Languages, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, Henan, China
- Kyrgyz-Chinese Department, Kyrgyzstan State University, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Shisir Iskhar
- National Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz Republic, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Yan Yang
- School of Foreign Languages, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, Henan, China
- Kyrgyz-Chinese Department, Kyrgyzstan State University, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Moldobaeva Aisuluu
- Kyrgyz-Chinese Department, Kyrgyzstan State University, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
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Ruini C, Albieri E, Ottolini F, Vescovelli F. Improving Purpose in Life in School Settings. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6772. [PMID: 37754631 PMCID: PMC10530348 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20186772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Background and aim: The dimension of purpose in life (PiL) is one of the core features of eudaimonia and plays a crucial role in developmental settings. However, few studies have examined purpose in life in younger generations and verified if it is amenable to improvements following a wellbeing-promoting intervention. The aim of the present investigation is to explore correlates and predictors of purpose in life in school children and to test if it can be ameliorated after school-based wellbeing interventions. Methods: A total of 614 students were recruited in various schools in Northern Italy. Of these, 456 belonged to junior high and high schools and were randomly assigned to receive a protocol of School Well-Being Therapy (WBT) or a psychoeducational intervention (controls). A total of 158 students were enrolled in elementary schools and received a positive narrative intervention based on fairytales or were randomly assigned to controlled conditions. All students were assessed pre- and post- intervention with Ryff scales of eudaimonic wellbeing (short version) and with other self-report measures of anxiety, depression and somatization. Additionally, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was administered to their schoolteachers as observed-rated evaluation. Results: In both elementary and high schools, purpose in life after the intervention was predicted by initial depressive symptoms and by group assignment (positive interventions vs. controls). In older students, PiL was predicted by female gender and anxiety levels, while no specific strengths identified by teachers were associated with PiL. Conclusions: PiL plays an important and strategic role in developmental settings, where students can develop skills and capacities to set meaningful goals in life. Depressive symptoms and anxiety can be obstacles to developing PiL in students, while positive school-based interventions can promote this core dimension of eudaimonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Ruini
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Elisa Albieri
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy (F.V.)
| | - Fedra Ottolini
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy (F.V.)
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Delle Fave A, Wissing MP, Brdar I. Beyond polarization towards dynamic balance: harmony as the core of mental health. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1177657. [PMID: 37771812 PMCID: PMC10525342 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1177657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Worldviews are culturally derived assumptions that influence individual and collective behaviors, values, and representations of reality. The study of mental functions is not exempt from this influence, as reflected in scientific theories, methodological approaches, and empirical studies. Despite acknowledging the interplay of mental processes with developmental, environmental, and cultural dimensions, psychological research is still primarily based on quantitative methods, and on the conceptualization of mental phenomena as unfolding along polarized continua. A lively epistemological debate surrounds this approach, especially underscoring the risk of blurring the distinction between constructs derived from statistical models and real-life processes and experiences. Based on this debate and on recent empirical evidence derived from the positive psychology literature, this paper is aimed at proposing an integrated view of mental health, as a holistically patterned, contextually imbedded, and dynamic phenomenon changing over time and across life events, with harmony, harmonization and dynamic balance as core qualities. The heuristic potential of investigating the qualitative configuration patterns of mental health dimensions across individuals and groups, beyond their position along a quantitative continuum, is outlined. The development of more integrated approaches and methodologies to investigate mental health as a harmonization process, taking into account personal, contextual and developmental features, would be aligned with evidence derived from the integration of traditional nomothetic and ideographic approaches, and other life sciences. However, the development of a transdisciplinary line of research requires further inputs from different epistemological views, as well as higher attention to the potential contribution of different philosophical traditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Delle Fave
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marié Philipina Wissing
- Africa Unit for Transdisciplinary Health Research (AUTHeR), North-West University, Potchefstroom, North West, South Africa
| | - Ingrid Brdar
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
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Martela F, Ryan RM. Clarifying Eudaimonia and Psychological Functioning to Complement Evaluative and Experiential Well-Being: Why Basic Psychological Needs Should Be Measured in National Accounts of Well-Being. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2023; 18:1121-1135. [PMID: 36626353 PMCID: PMC10475214 DOI: 10.1177/17456916221141099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Measuring subjective well-being as a key indicator of national wellness has increasingly become part of the international agenda. Current recommendations for measuring well-being at a national level propose three separate dimensions: evaluative well-being, experiential well-being, and eudaimonia. Whereas the measurement of the first two dimensions is relatively standardized, the third category has remained undertheorized, lacking consensus on how to define and operationalize it. To remedy the situation, we propose that the third dimension should focus on psychological functioning and the identification of key psychological factors humans generally need to live well. A key part of psychological functioning is the satisfaction of basic psychological needs-specific types of satisfying experiences that are essential for psychological health and well-being. Psychological needs as a category provides a parsimonious set of elements with clear inclusion criteria that are strongly anchored in theory and our current understanding of human nature-and could thus form a core part of the third, "eudaimonic" dimension of well-being. The needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness have especially received broad empirical support. Accordingly, national accounts of well-being should include measures for key psychological needs to gain an enriched and practically useful understanding of the well-being of the citizens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Martela
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Aalto University
| | - Richard M. Ryan
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University
- College of Education, Ewha Womans University
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Mirandi M, Lis A, Mazzeschi C, Li JB, Salmi LP, Delvecchio E. Flourishing and Self-Control in Adolescence: The Role of Perceived Parenting. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6568. [PMID: 37623154 PMCID: PMC10454088 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20166568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Self-control is the ability to control thoughts, emotions, and impulses to pursuit of long-term goals. Adolescents with high self-control experience higher flourishing levels. The latter refers to the fulfillment of needs for competence, relationship, and self-acceptance, as well as the possession of psychological capital such as flow and commitment. High levels of self-control also seem to be linked to a positive relationship with parents, which is crucial in adolescent flourishing. However, few studies investigated the association between flourishing, self-control, and perceived parenting in adolescence. The aim of this study was to investigate how the ability to exert self-control and the need to perceive and preserve a responsive relationship with parents would facilitate adolescents' experience of higher flourishing levels. The relationships among self-control, adolescents' perception of some paternal and maternal dimensions (closeness, communication, and parents' peer approval), and flourishing were analyzed in a sample of 335 Italian adolescents. Self-control was positively correlated with flourishing and the adolescent's perception of maternal and paternal dimensions. The PROCESS model showed that perceived maternal and paternal dimensions mediate the relationship between self-control and flourishing. These findings show the importance of self-control and parenting dimensions in promoting flourishing during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Mirandi
- Department of Philosophy, Social Sciences and Education, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy (L.P.S.)
| | - Adriana Lis
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Claudia Mazzeschi
- Department of Philosophy, Social Sciences and Education, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy (L.P.S.)
| | - Jian-Bin Li
- Department of Early Childhood Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Luciana Pagano Salmi
- Department of Philosophy, Social Sciences and Education, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy (L.P.S.)
| | - Elisa Delvecchio
- Department of Philosophy, Social Sciences and Education, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy (L.P.S.)
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Finch J, Waters AM, Farrell LJ. Adolescent Anxiety, Depression and Flourishing before and During COVID-19 and the Predictive Role of Baseline Psychological Capital (PsyCap) on Student Mental Health and Subjective Wellbeing During the Pandemic. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2023:10.1007/s10578-023-01568-z. [PMID: 37418072 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-023-01568-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Studies indicate the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in rises in adolescent mental health symptoms globally, although the impact of the pandemic on subjective wellbeing is under-researched in this population. Psychological capital (PsyCap), a cluster of four positive psychological constructs comprising hope, efficacy, resilience and optimism (HERO), has demonstrated preventative and promotive qualities on mental health symptoms and subjective wellbeing outcomes with adult populations (employees, university students). However, PsyCap's influence on these outcomes in young people is unclear. The present exploratory study investigated changes in self-reported anxiety and depressive symptoms (measured via the RCADS-SV) and subjective wellbeing (measured by the Flourishing Scale) from pre-pandemic levels to 3 months into the pandemic and explored gender differences at each time point in a sample of Australian Year 10 students (N = 56, Mage = 14.93 years, SD = 0.50, 51.8% male). The longitudinal predictive role of baseline PsyCap on follow-up assessments of anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms and flourishing were also examined. There were no significant changes in levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms between the timepoints, but flourishing significantly declined from T1 to T2. Baseline PsyCap was not a significant predictor of T2 anxiety and depressive symptoms but was a significant predictor of T2 flourishing. Further, different baseline HERO constructs predicted T2 mental health symptoms and flourishing. Future larger studies building on the current preliminary findings investigating the roles of student PsyCap, mental health and subjective wellbeing are warranted to better understand these constructs in the COVID-19 era and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jules Finch
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Australia.
| | - Allison M Waters
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Mt Gravatt Campus, Australia
| | - Lara J Farrell
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Australia
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Granero-Gallegos A, Phan HP, Ngu BH. Advancing the study of levels of best practice pre-service teacher education students from Spain: Associations with both positive and negative achievement-related experiences. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287916. [PMID: 37390102 PMCID: PMC10313018 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of optimal best practice, coinciding with a person's 'motivational mindset', is an interesting research inquiry for development. Optimal best practice, in brief, relates to the maximization of a person's state of functioning (e.g., cognitive functioning). Moreover, the nature of optimal best practice is positive and motivational, helping individuals to flourish in different courses of action (e.g., academic performance at school). Several research undertakings, non-experimental in design, have provided clear and consistent evidence to substantiate the existing viewpoints and perspectives of optimal best practice. Our proposed investigation, which involved physical education pre-service teacher students from Spain (N = 681), explored one notable focus of inquiry-namely, the formation of optimal best practice and its predictive and explanatory account on future adaptive outcomes. As such, using Likert-scale measures and path analysis techniques, we were able to identify two associative patterns: achievement of optimal best practice is positively accounted for by academic self-concept, optimism, and current best practice and, in contrast, negatively accounted for by pessimism; and that optimal best practice could act as a determinant of academic engagement for effective learning. Such associations are significant, providing relevant information for different teaching and research purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Granero-Gallegos
- Department of Education, University of Almeria, Almería, Spain
- Health Research Centre, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Huy P. Phan
- School of Education, University of New England, Armidale, Australia
| | - Bing H. Ngu
- School of Education, University of New England, Armidale, Australia
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Walter O, Hazan-Liran B. Personal Well-being and Recovery in Peer Support Specialists Working at Psychiatric Hospitals. Am J Health Behav 2023; 47:539-548. [PMID: 37596751 DOI: 10.5993/ajhb.47.3.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Personal well-being is a major part of recovery for the many people who experience mental illness. Peer support specialists are mental health professionals who have themselves experienced mental illness and use their recovery experiences to facilitate the healing of others. In this study, we explored how peer specialists view their subjective well-being in their work with others and how they perceive their profession. Methods: Seven peer specialists working in a psychiatric hospital participated in individual interviews. We asked them about their personal experiences, their subjective well-being, and their perceptions of the peer specialist profession. We analyzed the interviews thematically. Results: The peer specialists' responses emphasized the link between mental health recovery and subjective well-being. Our findings also indicated the importance of positive relationships and community belonging as fundamental to subjective well-being, and consequently, to recovery. Conclusions: The insights that peer support specialists have acquired and the tools they have mastered in their own recovery process highlight the valuable experience-based knowledge and skills they can provide to others. Future studies may investigate how the experience of their own well-being and recovery directly influences their work with others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofra Walter
- Department of Education, Tel Hai Academic College, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - Batel Hazan-Liran
- Department of Education, Tel Hai Academic College, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
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O'Brien E, Whitman K, Buerke M, Galfalvy H, Szanto K. Life-Satisfaction, Engagement, Mindfulness, Flourishing, and Social Support: Do they Predict Depression, Suicide Ideation, and History of Suicide Attempt in Late Life? Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2023; 31:415-424. [PMID: 36682987 PMCID: PMC10164675 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2022.12.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Suicide is an outcome arising from a combination of risk and protective factors. Examining psychological resilience traits associated with successful aging may help to better understand late-life suicide and depression. We examined self-reported protective factors including mindfulness, life satisfaction and engagement, flourishing, and subjective and objective social support in a high suicide-risk sample of depressed older adults. METHODS Participants were 297 individuals aged 55+ (mean age: 64.2): 92 depressed suicide attempters, 138 depressed individuals who never attempted suicide, and 67 non-psychiatric comparisons. Using linear and binomial logistic regression, we examined the effects of a combined Protective Factor value on presence and severity of depression and suicidal ideation, and history of suicide attempt. RESULTS Relative to the non-psychiatric comparison group, all depressed participants had significantly lower Protective Factor values. Higher Protective Factor value was associated with lower likelihood of depression, depression severity, and likelihood of ideation, but was not associated with ideation severity or history of suicide attempt. Participants with one standard deviation higher Protective Factor had lower odds of ideation incidence by a factor of OR=0.68 (95%CI=0.48-0.96). CONCLUSION Resiliency characteristics relevant to psychological wellbeing and successful aging may mitigate the emergence of depression and suicidal ideation, as well as the severity of depression in late-life. The Resilience Factor used in this study can help clinicians nuance their appraisal of depression and suicide risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma O'Brien
- Department of Psychiatry (OBE, WK, SK), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Kathrine Whitman
- Department of Psychiatry (OBE, WK, SK), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Morgan Buerke
- Department of Psychology (BM), University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS
| | - Hanga Galfalvy
- Department of Psychiatry (GH), Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY; Department of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology (GH), New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY
| | - Katalin Szanto
- Department of Psychiatry (OBE, WK, SK), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA.
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Bialowolski P, Lee MT, Weziak-Bialowolska D, Chen Y, Cowden RG, McNeely E, VanderWeele TJ. Differences in Multi-Dimensional Well-Being Among Factory Workers: Evidence from Six Countries. APPLIED RESEARCH IN QUALITY OF LIFE 2023:1-22. [PMID: 37359225 PMCID: PMC10209924 DOI: 10.1007/s11482-023-10181-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents cross-cultural comparisons of well-being among factory workers, as measured by the six well-being domains of happiness and life satisfaction, physical and mental health, meaning and purpose, character and virtue, close social relationships, and financial and material stability. Relative ranks of well-being domains across examined groups of workers are also compared. Results are based on survey data from factory workers in Cambodia, China, Mexico, Poland, Sri Lanka, and the United States. Average well-being scores are higher among factory workers in Mexico, China, and Cambodia than in the U.S., Poland, and Sri Lanka across all domains except financial and material stability. Close social relationships were the highest ranked domain in Cambodia and China but ranked much lower (5th) in the U.S. Meaning and purpose, as well as character and virtue were highly ranked across the board. Strong social relationships seem to thrive in contexts where financial insecurity is high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Bialowolski
- Department of Economics, Kozminski University, Warsaw, Poland
- SHINE, Human Flourishing Program, Institute for Quantitative Social Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, US
| | - Matthew T. Lee
- Human Flourishing Program, Institute for Quantitative Social Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, US
- Institute for Studies of Religion, Baylor University, Waco, US
| | - Dorota Weziak-Bialowolska
- Center for Evaluation and Analysis of Public Policies, Faculty of Philosophy, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- SHINE, Human Flourishing Program, Institute for Quantitative Social Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, US
| | - Ying Chen
- Human Flourishing Program, Institute for Quantitative Social Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, US
| | - Richard G. Cowden
- Human Flourishing Program, Institute for Quantitative Social Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, US
| | - Eileen McNeely
- SHINE, Human Flourishing Program, Institute for Quantitative Social Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, US
| | - Tyler J. VanderWeele
- Human Flourishing Program, Institute for Quantitative Social Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, US
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Mason Stephens J, Iasiello M, Ali K, van Agteren J, Fassnacht DB. The Importance of Measuring Mental Wellbeing in the Context of Psychological Distress: Using a Theoretical Framework to Test the Dual-Continua Model of Mental Health. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:bs13050436. [PMID: 37232673 DOI: 10.3390/bs13050436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The dual-continua model of mental health suggests that psychological distress and mental wellbeing operate on two distinct yet related continua, both uniquely contributing to overall mental health. Previous literature provides support for the dual-continua model; however, inconsistent methodologies lacking a common theoretical underpinning have led to findings that are difficult to compare across studies. Using archival data, this study aimed to test the following three theoretically derived criteria proposed to accurately examine the dual-continua model: (1) confirming independent existence, (2) disconfirming bipolarity, and (3) quantifying functional independence. METHOD In total, 2065 participants (female n = 1193; 57.8%) completed two online assessments (minimum 30 days apart) measuring psychological distress, mental wellbeing, and demographic information. RESULTS In total, 1.1% of participants experienced high distress as well as mental wellbeing confirming that psychological distress and mental wellbeing exist independently (Criterion 1). Bipolarity (Criterion 2) was partly disconfirmed: mental wellbeing consistently decreased as symptom severity increased for depression; however, anxiety and stress did not meet bipolarity requirements. Functional independence (Criterion 3) was established: longitudinal analysis found that participants reliably and simultaneously increased (2.7%) or decreased (4.2%) in distress and mental wellbeing, while cross-sectional analysis showed that psychological distress only explained 38% of the variance in mental wellbeing. DISCUSSION Findings provide further support for the dual-continua model through analysis of the proposed assessment criteria, suggesting a further need to measure the dual-continua model at the subdomain level, e.g., depression, anxiety, and stress, as opposed to global psychological distress. Validation for the proposed assessment criteria provides important methodological foundations for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson Mason Stephens
- College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Matthew Iasiello
- Mental Health and Wellbeing Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Kathina Ali
- College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
- Mental Health and Wellbeing Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- School of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD 4556, Australia
| | - Joep van Agteren
- Mental Health and Wellbeing Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Daniel B Fassnacht
- College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
- Mental Health and Wellbeing Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- School of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD 4556, Australia
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Chan GH, Lo TW, Fung JSC. Use of theatresports to promote positive education among youth participants. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:913. [PMID: 37208646 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15825-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the scarcity of research on the benefits of theatresports for youth, this study examined the outcomes of theatresports as a means to implement positive education in youth work settings. METHODS To this end, qualitative research was conducted with 92 participants in a theatresports program. Thematic analysis was applied to analyze the participants' experiences of the program, using the framework of positive education. RESULTS Results showed that the processes and practices of the theatresports program helped the participants achieved well-being in terms of various domains namely positive emotions, positive health, positive relationships, positive engagement, positive accomplishment, and positive meaning. These capabilities and qualities acquired helped them achieve well-being, and the learning acquired from the program could even be applied to daily life situations and deal with the challenges. CONCLUSIONS This shows that the theatresports program manifests the benefits of positive education. Corresponding implications were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Hongyee Chan
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.
| | - T Wing Lo
- Research and Technology, Caritas Institute of Higher Education, Tsueng Kwan O, Hong Kong
| | - Johnny S C Fung
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
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Parsons RD, McParland JL, Halligan SL, Goubert L, Jordan A. Glass half full: A diary and interview qualitative investigation of flourishing among adolescents living with chronic pain. Eur J Pain 2023. [PMID: 37128852 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.2122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Counter to paediatric pain literature that typically highlights the deleterious impacts associated with adolescent chronic pain, evidence suggests that some adolescents flourish in their experience of pain. This study sought to explore how adolescents experience, understand and perceive flourishing while living with chronic pain. METHODS Twenty-four adolescents aged 11-24 years were recruited via clinical and online settings. All adolescents were asked to complete daily diary entries, with a subset of 10 participants asked to complete follow-up interviews. RESULTS Inductive reflexive thematic analysis generated two themes: 'Appreciating the moment' and 'Becoming a better version of myself'. Themes addressed how self and other comparisons facilitated a renewed appreciation for achievements and pleasures in life due to living with chronic pain. Adolescents further demonstrated a perception of continued personal and social growth in their experience of chronic pain, including increased emotional maturity, resilience, positivity, kindness and improved communication skills. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that adolescents can experience positive changes in functioning and flourish in some domains of life despite, or resulting from, chronic pain. Further research with an exclusive focus on flourishing is needed to build on this work and address this important gap in knowledge. SIGNIFICANCE We present evidence that adolescents can flourish when living with chronic pain. Such knowledge may inform the development of positive psychological treatment strategies that are focused on reinforcing adolescents' existing strengths, to expand on current treatment options for adolescents living with chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D Parsons
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- Centre for Pain Research, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | | | - Sarah L Halligan
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Liesbet Goubert
- Department of Experimental-Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Abbie Jordan
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- Centre for Pain Research, University of Bath, Bath, UK
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Russo A, Zammitti A, Zarbo R. Career readiness and well-being: The mediation role of strategies for coping with career indecision. AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF CAREER DEVELOPMENT 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/10384162221142747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
In the uncertain and flexible labour market, some people experience indecision in dealing with career choices, despite having career readiness. The present research explored the relationship between career readiness, strategies for coping with career indecision, and well-being. Participants were 529 people aged between 18 and 60 ( M = 26.57; SD = 6.83). The survey included: Readiness scale of the Career Transition Inventory, Productive scale and Support Seeking scale of Strategies for coping with career indecision, Flourishing Scale and Satisfaction with life scale. Results show that both productive and support-seeking strategies mediate the association between career readiness and flourishing and between career readiness and life satisfaction. As implications for career guidance, in addition to favouring career readiness, counsellors could promote productive strategies for coping with career indecision– and in some cases, support-seeking strategies–, to help people transform the experience of career indecision from insurmountable obstacles into an opportunity to act towards well-being.
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Horwood G, Augoustinos M, Due C. “It’s important to manage our stress”: Mental health advice in the Australian print news media during the COVID-19 pandemic. SSM - MENTAL HEALTH 2023; 3:100204. [PMID: 36974336 PMCID: PMC10029348 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmmh.2023.100204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has heightened existing concerns about mental health and illness in Australia. The news media is an important source of health information, but there has been little research into how advice about mental health is communicated to the public via the news media. In this study, we examined how advice about building and maintaining mental health was discursively constructed in the news media during the COVID-19 pandemic. A discourse analytic approach informed by critical discursive psychology was employed to analyse 436 articles published in daily newspapers in Australia between 1 January and 31 December 2020, which contained references to mental health and the COVID-19 pandemic. Three main interpretative repertoires were identified – negative emotions are a risk to mental health and must be managed; risky emotions should be managed by being controlled (based around a ‘border control’ metaphor); and risky emotions should be managed by being released (based around a ‘pressure cooker’ metaphor). This study demonstrates that, amid the COVID-19 pandemic, advice constructed negative emotions as risky and problematic; and normalized the habitual management of emotions by individuals through strategies of control and release. Potential implications of such discourses for goals of improving population mental health are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Horwood
- School of Psychology, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Martha Augoustinos
- School of Psychology, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Clemence Due
- School of Psychology, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
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Logan AC, Berman BM, Prescott SL. Vitality Revisited: The Evolving Concept of Flourishing and Its Relevance to Personal and Public Health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5065. [PMID: 36981974 PMCID: PMC10049456 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20065065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Human flourishing, the state of optimal functioning and well-being across all aspects of an individual's life, has been a topic of philosophical and theological discussion for centuries. In the mid-20th century, social psychologists and health scientists began exploring the concept of flourishing in the context of health and high-level wellness. However, it is only in recent years, in part due to the USD 43 million Global Flourishing Study including 22 countries, that flourishing has entered the mainstream discourse. Here, we explore this history and the rapid acceleration of research into human flourishing, defined as "the relative attainment of a state in which all aspects of a person's life are good" by the Harvard University's Flourishing Program. We also explore the construct of "vitality", which refers to a sense of aliveness, energy, and motivation; we contend that this has been neglected in the flourishing movement. We explore why incorporating measures of vitality, together with a broader biopsychosocial approach, considers all dimensions of the environment across time (the total exposome), which will greatly advance research, policies, and actions to achieve human flourishing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian M. Berman
- Nova Institute for Health, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
- Family and Community Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Susan L. Prescott
- Nova Institute for Health, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
- Family and Community Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- The ORIGINS Project, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
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Kopra EI, Ferris JA, Winstock AR, Kuypers KP, Young AH, Rucker JJ. Investigation of self-treatment with lysergic acid diethylamide and psilocybin mushrooms: Findings from the Global Drug Survey 2020. J Psychopharmacol 2023:2698811231158245. [PMID: 36876583 DOI: 10.1177/02698811231158245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing numbers of people are using psychedelics for personal psychotherapy outside clinical settings, but research on such use is scarce. AIMS This study investigated the patterns of use, self-reported outcomes and outcome predictors of psychedelic 'self-treatment' of mental health conditions or specific worries/concerns in life. METHODS We use data from the Global Drug Survey 2020, a large online survey on drug use collected between November 2019 and February 2020. In all, 3364 respondents reported their self-treatment experiences with lysergic acid diethylamide (N = 1996) or psilocybin mushrooms (N = 1368). The primary outcome of interest was the 17-item self-treatment outcome scale, items reflecting aspects of well-being, psychiatric symptoms, social-emotional skills, and health behaviours. RESULTS Positive changes were observed across all 17 outcome items, with the strongest benefits on items related to insight and mood. Negative effects were reported by 22.5% of respondents. High intensity of psychedelic experience, seeking advice before treatment, treating with psilocybin mushrooms and treating post-traumatic stress disorder were associated with higher scores on the self-treatment outcome scale after averaging values across all 17 items. Younger age, high intensity of experience and treating with LSD were associated with increased number of negative outcomes. CONCLUSIONS This study brings important insights into self-treatment practices with psychedelics in a large international sample. Outcomes were generally favourable, but negative effects appeared more frequent than in clinical settings. Our findings can help inform safe practices of psychedelic use in the community, and inspire clinical research. Future research can be improved with utilisation of prospective designs and additional predictive variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma I Kopra
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jason A Ferris
- Centre for Health Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Adam R Winstock
- Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, UK.,Global Drug Survey Ltd, London, UK
| | - Kim Pc Kuypers
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Allan H Young
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - James J Rucker
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Clarke T, Platt R. Children's Lived Experiences of Wellbeing at School in England: a Phenomenological Inquiry. CHILD INDICATORS RESEARCH 2023; 16:963-996. [PMID: 37274807 PMCID: PMC9981449 DOI: 10.1007/s12187-023-10016-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This phenomenological inquiry investigated children's wellbeing experiences at school, including their hedonic (feeling good) and eudaimonic (doing good) accounts, a distinction often overlooked. Further, while phenomenological inquiries of children's mental ill-health exist, wellbeing, a fundamental part of mental health, is neglected. This is at odds with positive psychology which favours strengths-based approaches to studying human development. Phenomenology provides rich detail, facilitating deeper understanding of why and how certain factors affect wellbeing, as described by children themselves. A sample of 15 children (aged 9-11), attending one English primary school broadly representative of the national socio-demographic, engaged in interviews. Children's experiences of 'feeling good' at school were characterised by: an interdependence on peers' emotional states (described as 'a domino effect'), a need to feel cared for by, and trust, adults, and desire for autonomy over their time. Children attributed mistrust in adults to adults disregarding seemingly incidental events which felt significant to children. Children experienced 'doing well' as equating to academic attainment, conveying a fixation with test scores, using language of 'correctness' and efficiency. Shame pervaded when 'correctness' was not achieved, with children describing being ridiculed for poor test scores. Recommendations for schools to support children's hedonia include prioritising wellbeing curricula and emotional literacy, greater staff reflexivity, and prioritisation of pupil voice. To foster children's eudaimonia, recommendations include the need for teachers to provide formative, personalised feedback for pupils focused on the learning process, and the need for Government to embrace a range of ways pupils can feel successful beyond academic attainment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12187-023-10016-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Clarke
- Faculty of Education, University of Cambridge, 184 Hills Rd, Cambridge, CB2 8PQ UK
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Willroth EC. The Benefits and Challenges of a Unifying Conceptual Framework for Well-being Constructs. AFFECTIVE SCIENCE 2023; 4:41-44. [PMID: 37070007 PMCID: PMC10104975 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-022-00152-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Centuries of philosophical debate and decades of empirical research have sought to characterize what it means to be psychologically well. A unifying conceptual framework to organize these diverse perspectives is needed to facilitate clear communication and cumulative science within the field of well-being science. Although a handful of overarching theoretical and measurement models of well-being have been proposed, they typically make strong claims about which constructs should be included or excluded as well as the manner and degree to which well-being constructs are related to one another. Thus, these models are often not widely adopted as organizational or communicative tools, due to their exclusion of particular theoretical perspectives or disagreement among researchers about the empirical structure of well-being. While the field continues to grapple with these issues, it would benefit from a unifying conceptual framework that is broad in scope and that can flexibly accommodate diverse theoretical perspectives and new empirical advances. In this paper, I discuss the benefits of a unifying conceptual framework for well-being, as well as the challenges in its construction. Specifically, I review strengths and limitations of Park et al.'s proposed framework of "emotional well-being," and suggest an alternative framework of "psychosocial well-being" that encompasses the diverse array of constructs that have been proposed as positive psychological aspects of well-being.
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Developing the HERO within: Evaluation of a brief intervention for increasing Psychological Capital (PsyCap) in Australian female students during the final year of school in the first year of COVID-19. J Affect Disord 2023; 324:616-623. [PMID: 36621678 PMCID: PMC9814284 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.12.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Academic stress is linked to adolescent distress and perfectionism during the final years at school, with girls being at greater risk. The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic was an additional stressor that impacted student learning on a global scale. The present study examines the effectiveness of an intervention targeting Psychological Capital (PsyCap), comprising hope, efficacy, resilience, and optimism (HERO) to increase these HERO resources and assess its impact on mental health symptoms and subjective wellbeing outcomes among a cohort of Year 12 students (n = 82, Mage = 17.09, SD = 0.28, 99% identifying as female) from a girls school during the first year of the pandemic. Primary outcomes of anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, and flourishing and secondary outcomes of HERO variables and perfectionism were examined. There were no significant changes in primary outcomes. Significant changes in efficacy, optimism, omnibus PsyCap (HERO combined) and perfectionism were found at post-intervention. Findings indicate the intervention targeting HERO constructs may be promising for developing HERO capabilities in youth and reducing common areas of concern for students (e.g., perfectionism). Future research directions addressing limitations are discussed.
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du Plessis M. Trait emotional intelligence and flourishing: The mediating role of positive coping behaviour. SA JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.4102/sajip.v49i0.2063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
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