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Sen Gupta G, Tiwari S. Role of antioxidant pool in management of ozone stress through soil nitrogen amendments in two cultivars of a tropical legume. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2021; 48:371-385. [PMID: 33256894 DOI: 10.1071/fp20159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present experiment was done on two different cultivars of a tropical legume, Cymopsis tetragonoloba L. Taub. (cluster bean) cvv. Pusa-Naubahar (PUSA-N) and Selection-151 (S-151). The experiment was conducted under ambient ozone (O3) conditions with inputs of three different doses of inorganic nitrogen (N1, recommended; N2, 1.5-times recommended and N3, 2-times recommended) as well as control plants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of soil nitrogen amendments in management of ambient ozone stress in the two cultivars of C. tetragonoloba. Our experiment showed that nitrogen amendments can be an efficient measure to manage O3 injury in plants. Stimulation of antioxidant enzyme activities under nitrogen amendments is an important feature of plants that help plants cope with ambient O3 stress. Nitrogen amendments strengthened the antioxidant machinery in a more effective way in the tolerant cultivar PUSA-N, while in the sensitive cultivar S-151, avoidance strategy marked by more reduction in stomatal conductance was more prominent. Enzymes of the Halliwell-Asada pathway, especially ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase, were more responsive and synchronised in PUSA-N than S-151, under similar nitrogen amendment regimes and were responsible for the differential sensitivities of the two cultivars of C. tetragonoloba. The present study shows that 1.5-times recommended dose of soil nitrogen amendments was sufficient in partial mitigation of O3 injury and the higher nitrogen dose (2-times recommended, in our case), did not provide any extra advantage to the plant's metabolism compared with plants treated with the lower nitrogen dose (1.5-times recommended).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gereraj Sen Gupta
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Supriya Tiwari
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India; and Corresponding author.
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Takahashi M, Feng Z, Mikhailova TA, Kalugina OV, Shergina OV, Afanasieva LV, Heng RKJ, Majid NMA, Sase H. Air pollution monitoring and tree and forest decline in East Asia: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 742:140288. [PMID: 32721711 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution and atmospheric deposition have adverse effects on tree and forest health. We reviewed studies on tree and forest decline in Northeast and Southeast Asia, Siberia, and the Russian Far East (hereafter referred to as East Asia). This included studies published in domestic journals and languages. We identified information about the locations, causes, periods, and tree species exhibiting decline. Past air pollution was also reviewed. Most East Asian countries show declining trends in SO2 concentration in recent years, although Mongolia and Russia show increasing trends. Ozone (O3) concentrations are stable or gradually increasing in the East Asia region, with high maxima. Wet nitrogen (N) deposition was high in China and tropical countries, but low in Russia. The decline of trees and forests primarily occurred in the mid-latitudes of Japan, Korea, China, and Russia. Long-term large N deposition resulted in the N saturation phenomenon in Japan and China, but no clear forest health response was observed. Thereafter, forest decline symptoms, suspected to be caused by O3, were observed in Japan and China. In East Russia, tree decline occurred around industrial centers in Siberia. Haze events have been increasing in tropical and boreal forests, and particulate matter inhibits photosynthesis. In recent years, chronically high O3 concentrations, in conjunction with climate change, are likely have adverse effects on tree physiology. The effects of air pollution and related factors on tree decline are summarized. Recently, the effects of air pollution on tree decline have not been apparent under the changing climate, however, monitoring air pollution is indispensable for identifying the cause of tree decline. Further economic growth is projected in Southeast Asia and therefore, the monitoring network should be expanded to tropical and boreal forest zones. Countermeasures such as restoring urban trees and rural forests are important for ensuring future ecosystem services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masamichi Takahashi
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Japan; Japan International Forestry Promotion and Cooperation Center, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Tatyana A Mikhailova
- Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology & Biochemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia.
| | - Olga V Kalugina
- Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology & Biochemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia.
| | - Olga V Shergina
- Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology & Biochemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia.
| | - Larisa V Afanasieva
- Institute of General & Experimental Biology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Ude, Russia.
| | - Roland Kueh Jui Heng
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Sarawak Campus, Sarawak, Malaysia.
| | - Nik Muhamad Abd Majid
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Sarawak Campus, Sarawak, Malaysia; Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Hiroyuki Sase
- Asia Center for Air Pollution Research, Niigata, Japan.
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Li P, Yin R, Shang B, Agathokleous E, Zhou H, Feng Z. Interactive effects of ozone exposure and nitrogen addition on tree root traits and biomass allocation pattern: An experimental case study and a literature meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 710:136379. [PMID: 31926420 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ground-level ozone (O3) pollution often co-occurs with anthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition. Many studies have explored how O3 and soil N affect aboveground structure and function of trees, but it remains unclear how belowground processes change over a spectrum of N addition and O3 concentrations levels. Here, we explored the interactive impact of O3 (five levels) and soil N (four levels) on fine and coarse root biomass and biomass allocation pattern in poplar clone 107 (Populus euramericana cv. '74/76'). We then evaluated the modifying effects of N on the responses of tree root biomass to O3 via a synthesis of published literature. Elevated O3 inhibited while N addition stimulated root biomass, with more pronounced effects on fine roots than on coarse root. The root:shoot (R:S) ratio was markedly decreased by N addition but remained unaffected by O3. No interactive effects between O3 and N were observed on root biomass and R:S ratio. The slope of log-log linear relationship between shoot and root biomass (i.e. scaling exponent) was increased by N, but not significantly affected by O3. The analysis of published literature further revealed that the O3-induced reduction in tree root biomass was not modified by soil N. The results suggest that higher N addition levels enhance faster allocation of shoot biomass while shoot biomass scales isometrically with root biomass across multiple O3 levels. N addition does not markedly alter the sensitivity of root biomass of trees to O3. These findings highlight that the biomass allocation exhibits a differential response to environmentally realistic levels of O3 and N, and provide an important perspective for understanding and predicting net primary productivity and carbon dynamics in O3-polluted and N-enriched environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin Li
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Rongbin Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Bo Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- Institute of Ecology, Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Huimin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- Institute of Ecology, Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
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Feng Z, Shang B, Li Z, Calatayud V, Agathokleous E. Ozone will remain a threat for plants independently of nitrogen load. Funct Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaozhong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, School of Applied Meteorology, Institute of Ecology Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Nanjing China
| | - Bo Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco‐Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Zhengzhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco‐Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | | | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, School of Applied Meteorology, Institute of Ecology Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Nanjing China
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Agathokleous E, Paoletti E, Manning WJ, Kitao M, Saitanis CJ, Koike T. High doses of ethylenediurea (EDU) as soil drenches did not increase leaf N content or cause phytotoxicity in willow grown in fertile soil. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 147:574-584. [PMID: 28923722 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ground-level ozone (O3) levels are nowadays elevated in wide regions of the Earth, causing significant effects on plants that finally lead to suppressed productivity and yield losses. Ethylenediurea (EDU) is a chemical compound which is widely used in research projects as phytoprotectant against O3 injury. The EDU mode of action remains still unclear, while there are indications that EDU may contribute to plants with nitrogen (N) when the soil is poor in N and the plants have relatively small leaf area. To reveal whether the N content of EDU acts as a fertilizer to plants when the soil is not poor in N and the plants have relatively large total plant leaf area, willow plants (Salix sachalinensis Fr. Schm) were exposed to low ambient O3 levels and treated ten times (9-day interval) with 200mL soil drench containing 0, 800 or 1600mg EDU L-1. Fertilizer was added to a nutrient-poor soil, and the plants had an average plant leaf area of 9.1m2 at the beginning of EDU treatments. Indications for EDU-induced hormesis in maximum electron transport rate (Jmax) and ratio of intercellular to ambient CO2 concentration (Ci:Ca) were observed at the end of the experiment. No other EDU-induced effects on leaf greenness and N content, maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), gas exchange, growth and matter production suggest that EDU did not act as N fertilizer and did not cause toxicity under these experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenios Agathokleous
- Silviculture & Forest Ecological Studies, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan; Hokkaido Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), Forest Research and Management Organization, 7 Hitsujigaoka, Sapporo, Hokkaido 062-8516, Japan.
| | - Elena Paoletti
- Institute of Sustainable Plant Protection, National Council of Research, Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy.
| | - William J Manning
- Department of Plant, Soil and Insect Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
| | - Mitsutoshi Kitao
- Hokkaido Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), Forest Research and Management Organization, 7 Hitsujigaoka, Sapporo, Hokkaido 062-8516, Japan.
| | - Costas J Saitanis
- Lab of Ecology and Environmental Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens 11855, Greece.
| | - Takayoshi Koike
- Silviculture & Forest Ecological Studies, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan.
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Yuan X, Shang B, Xu Y, Xin Y, Tian Y, Feng Z, Paoletti E. No significant interactions between nitrogen stimulation and ozone inhibition of isoprene emission in Cathay poplar. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 601-602:222-229. [PMID: 28554113 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Isoprene emission from plants subject to a combination of ozone (O3) and nitrogen (N) has never been investigated. Cathay poplar (Populus cathayana) saplings were exposed to O3 (CF, charcoal-filtered air, NF, non-filtered ambient air and E-O3, non-filtered air +40ppb) and N treatments (N0, 0kgNha-1year-1, N50, 50kgNha-1year-1 and N100, 100kgNha-1year-1) for 96days. Increasing O3 exposure decreased isoprene emission (11.5% in NF and 57.9% in E-O3), as well as light-saturated photosynthetic rate (Asat) and chlorophyll content, while N load increased isoprene emission (19.6% in N50 and 33.4% in N100) as well as Asat and chlorophyll content. Although O3 and N interacted significantly in Asat, N did not mitigate the negative effects of O3 on isoprene emission, i.e. the combined effects were additive and did not interact. These results warrant more research on the combined effects of co-existing global change factors on future isoprene emission and atmospheric chemical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Bo Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yansen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yue Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- School of Food, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China.
| | - Elena Paoletti
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
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Agathokleous E, Paoletti E, Saitanis CJ, Manning WJ, Shi C, Koike T. High doses of ethylene diurea (EDU) are not toxic to willow and act as nitrogen fertilizer. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 566-567:841-850. [PMID: 27259037 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Ethylene diurea (EDU) is synthetic chemical which protects plants against damage caused by ground level O3 and is used experimentally as a biomonitoring tool at doses usually ranging from 200 to 400mgL(-1) a.i. Although several studies have investigated the protective action of EDU, this mechanism remains unclear. Important uncertainties in EDU action are whether EDU acts as a source of nitrogen (N) to plants and whether high doses are phytotoxic. In order to answer these questions, we conducted an open-field experiment where potted willow (Salix sachalinensis Fr. Schm) plants were exposed to ambient O3 conditions and treated with 0, 800 or 1600mgL(-1) EDU as a soil drench, every nine days, for about 2.5months. We examined approximately 50 response variables. Based on N content in different plant organs, we found that (a) all EDU was transferred to the leaves and (b) high doses of EDU increased the leaf N content. However, EDU did not affect the C content and distribution within the plant body. Still, even at the highest dose, EDU was not toxic to this fast-growing species (however such a high dose should not be applied in uncontrolled environments); and there was no EDU persistence in the soil, as indicated by soil N content. Notably, our soil was free from organic matter and N-poor. KEY MESSAGE EDU per se does not cause toxicity to willow plants when applied as drench to a soil with no organic matter, rather, high EDU doses may act as nitrogen fertilizer in a nitrogen-poor soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenios Agathokleous
- Silviculture & Forest Ecological Studies, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan.
| | - Elena Paoletti
- Institute of Sustainable Plant Protection, National Council of Research, Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy.
| | - Costas J Saitanis
- Lab of Ecology and Environmental Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens 11855, Greece.
| | - William J Manning
- Department of Plant, Soil and Insect Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
| | - Cong Shi
- Silviculture & Forest Ecological Studies, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Koike
- Silviculture & Forest Ecological Studies, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan.
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Yendrek CR, Leisner CP, Ainsworth EA. Chronic ozone exacerbates the reduction in photosynthesis and acceleration of senescence caused by limited N availability in Nicotiana sylvestris. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2013; 19:3155-66. [PMID: 23625780 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Both elevated ozone (O(3)) and limiting soil nitrogen (N) availability negatively affect crop performance. However, less is known about how the combination of elevated O(3) and limiting N affect crop growth and metabolism. In this study, we grew tobacco (Nicotiana sylvestris) in ambient and elevated O(3) at two N levels (limiting and sufficient). Results at the whole plant, leaf, and cellular level showed that primary metabolism was reduced by growth in limiting N, and that reduction was exacerbated by exposure to elevated O(3). Limiting N reduced the rates of photosynthetic CO(2) uptake by 40.8% in ambient O(3)-exposed plants, and by 58.6% in elevated O(3)-exposed plants, compared with plants grown with sufficient N. Reductions in photosynthesis compounded to cause large differences in leaf and whole plant parameters including leaf number, leaf area, and leaf and root biomass. These results were consistent with our meta-analysis of all published studies of plant responses to elevated O(3) and N availability. In tobacco, N uptake and allocation was also affected by growth in limiting N and elevated O(3), and there was an O(3)-induced compensatory response that resulted in increased N recycling from senescing leaves. In addition, transcript-based markers were used to track the progress through senescence, and indicated that limiting N and elevated O(3), separately and in combination, caused an acceleration of senescence. These results suggest that reductions in crop productivity in growing regions with poor soil fertility will be exacerbated by rising background O(3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig R Yendrek
- USDA ARS Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, 1201 W. Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
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CHEN J, ZENG Q, ZHU JG, LIU G, CAO JL, XIE ZB, TANG HY, KAZUHIKO K. Nitrogen supply mitigates the effects of elevated [O 3] on photosynthesis and yield in wheat. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1258.2011.00523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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