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Matotoka MM, Masoko P. Evaluation of the Antioxidant, Cytotoxicity, Antibacterial, Anti-Motility, and Anti-Biofilm Effects of Myrothamnus flabellifolius Welw. Leaves and Stem Defatted Subfractions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:847. [PMID: 38592866 PMCID: PMC10974473 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The formation of biofilms underscores the challenge of treating bacterial infections. The study aimed to assess the antioxidant, cytotoxicity, antibacterial, anti-motility, and anti-biofilm effects of defatted fractions from Myrothamnus flabellifolius (resurrection plant). Antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH radical scavenging and hydrogen peroxide assays. Cytotoxicity was screened using a brine shrimp lethality assay. Antibacterial activity was determined using the micro-dilution and growth curve assays. Antibiofilm potential was screened using the crystal violet and tetrazolium reduction assay. Liquid-liquid extraction of crude extracts concentrated polyphenols in the ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions. Subsequently, these fractions had notable antioxidant activity and demonstrated broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against selected Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and Mycobacterium smegmatis (MIC values < 630 μg/mL). Growth curves showed that the bacteriostatic inhibition by the ethyl acetate fractions was through the extension of the lag phase and/or suppression of the growth rate. The sub-inhibitory concentrations of the ethyl acetate fractions inhibited the swarming motility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae by 100% and eradicated more than 50% of P. aeruginosa biofilm biomass. The polyphenolic content of M. flabellifolius plays an important role in its antibacterial, anti-motility, and antibiofilm activity, thus offering an additional strategy to treat biofilm-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Masoko
- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa;
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Kraft L, Ribeiro VST, Gonçalves GA, Suss PH, Tuon FF. Comparison of amphotericin B lipid complex, deoxycholate amphotericin B, fluconazole, and anidulafungin activity against Candida albicans biofilm isolated from breakthrough candidemia. ENFERMEDADES INFECCIOSAS Y MICROBIOLOGIA CLINICA (ENGLISH ED.) 2023; 41:596-603. [PMID: 36707288 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2022.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Biofilm formation causes virulence and resistance in Candida albicans. However, little is known about breakthrough candidemia isolates. We evaluated the antifungal activity of fluconazole, anidulafungin, deoxycholate amphotericin B (dAMB), and amphotericin B lipid complex (ABLC) against biofilms of C. albicans isolated from patients with breakthrough candidemia. METHODS The present study used strains of C. albicans isolated from breakthrough and non-breakthrough candidemia patients (control group). The susceptibility of planktonic cells to amphotericin B, anidulafungin, and fluconazole was determined by broth microdilution. Antifungal activity in sessile cells was evaluated using the minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC), metabolic activity was estimated by reducing MTT, and biomass was estimated using crystal violet retention. RESULTS The planktonic strains were susceptible to amphotericin B, anidulafungin, and fluconazole, with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 1, ≤0.03, and 2mg/L, respectively. However, fluconazole and anidulafungin did not exert an antifungal effect on biofilms. Additionally, dAMB and ABCL reduced the metabolic activity and biomass. However, eradication was only achieved using 16mg/L dAMB. C. albicans isolates of breakthrough candidemia exhibited strong biofilm production, and the in vitro activity of available therapeutic options was poor. CONCLUSION In the present study, only dAMB and ABCL exhibited antibiofilm effects against sessile breakthrough candidemia isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Kraft
- Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Victoria Stadler Tasca Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Geiziane Aparecida Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Paula Hansen Suss
- Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Felipe Francisco Tuon
- Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
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Kumar A, Kumar RR, Chaturvedi V, Kayastha AM. α-Amylase purified and characterized from fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) showed substantial anti-biofilm activity against Staphylococcus aureus MTCC740. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 252:126442. [PMID: 37611683 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Starch hydrolyzing α-amylase from germinated fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) has been purified 104-fold to apparent electrophoretic homogeneity with a final specific activity of 297.5 units/mg. SDS-PAGE of the final preparation revealed a single protein band of 47.5 kDa, supported by LC/MS analysis and size-exclusion chromatography on the Superdex 200 (ÄKTA-FPLC). α-Amylase exhibited maximum activity at pH 5.5. An activation energy (Ea) of 9.12 kcal/mol was found to exist in the temperature range of 20 to 90 °C. When substrate concentrations were evaluated between 0.5 and 10 mg/mL, the Km and Vmax values for starch were observed to be 1.12 mg/mL and 384.14 μmol/min/mg, respectively. The major substrate starch exhibited high specificity for fenugreek α-amylase. In the presence of EDTA (5 mM), the activity was lost, however, it could be largely reversed with the addition of calcium. Furthermore, an effort was made to assess the ability of fenugreek seed-derived partially purified (DEAE-cellulose enzyme) and purified α-amylase to disperse inside 48 h-old biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus MTCC740. The outcomes clearly demonstrated that the purified and partially purified α-amylase both exhibited strong biofilm dispersion activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Kumar
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Ravi Ranjan Kumar
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Venkatesh Chaturvedi
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Arvind M Kayastha
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
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Gajera G, Thakkar N, Godse C, DeSouza A, Mehta D, Kothari V. Sub-lethal concentration of a colloidal nanosilver formulation (Silversol®) triggers dysregulation of iron homeostasis and nitrogen metabolism in multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:303. [PMID: 37872532 PMCID: PMC10591374 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03062-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a notorious pathogen. Its multidrug resistant strains are listed among priority pathogens against whom discovery of novel antibacterial agents and, elucidation of new anti-pathogenicity mechanisms are urgently warranted. This study describes multiple antibacterial effects of a colloidal nano-silver formulation- Silversol® against a multi-drug resistant strain of P. aeruginosa. RESULTS Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Silversol® against P. aeruginosa was found to be 1.5 ppm; and at sub-MIC of 1 ppm, it was able to alter quorum-sensing regulated pigmentation (pyocanin 82%↓; pyoverdine 48%↑), exopolysaccharide synthesis (76%↑) and biofilm formation, susceptibility to antibiotics (streptomycin and augmentin), protein synthesis and export (65%↑), nitrogen metabolism (37%↑ nitrite accumulation), and siderophore production in this pathogen. Network analysis of the differentially expressed genes in the transcriptome of the silversol-treated bacterium identified ten genes as the potential molecular targets: norB, norD, nirS, nirF, nirM, nirQ, nosZ, nosY, narK1, and norE (all associated with nitrogen metabolism or denitrification). Three of them (norB, narK1, and norE) were also validated through RT-PCR. CONCLUSIONS Generation of nitrosative stress and disturbance of iron homeostasis were found to be the major mechanisms associated with anti-Pseudomonas activity of Silversol®.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemini Gajera
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, 382481, India
| | - Nidhi Thakkar
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, 382481, India
| | | | | | | | - Vijay Kothari
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, 382481, India.
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Chandal N, Tambat R, Kalia R, Kumar G, Mahey N, Jachak S, Nandanwar H. Efflux pump inhibitory potential of indole derivatives as an arsenal against norA over-expressing Staphylococcus aureus. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0487622. [PMID: 37754560 PMCID: PMC10581058 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04876-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
NorA, an extensively studied efflux pump in Staphylococcus aureus, has been connected to fluoroquinolone, antiseptic, and disinfection resistance. Several studies have also emphasized how efflux pumps, including NorA, function as the first line of defense of S. aureus against antibiotics. In this study, we have screened some chemically synthesized indole derivatives for their activity as efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs). The derivative SMJ-5 was found to be a potent NorA efflux pump inhibitor among the screened indole derivatives, owing to increased ethidium bromide and norfloxacin accumulation in norA over-expressing S. aureus. The combination of SMJ-5 and ciprofloxacin demonstrated the eradication of S. aureus biofilm and prolonged the post-antibiotic effect more than ciprofloxacin alone. SMJ-5 was able to inhibit staphyloxanthin virulence. In in vitro time-kill trials and in vivo efficacy investigations, the combination enhanced the bactericidal activity of ciprofloxacin against S. aureus. Additionally, reverse transcription PCR results revealed that SMJ-5 also inhibits the NorA efflux pump indirectly at the transcriptional level. IMPORTANCE The NorA efflux pump is the most effective resistance mechanism in S. aureus. The clinical importance of NorA efflux pumps is demonstrated by the expression of pump genes in S. aureus strains in response to fluoroquinolones and biocides. Along with the repercussions of decreased fluoroquinolone sensitivity, increasing expression of efflux pump genes by their substrate necessitates the importance of efflux pump inhibitors. Reserpine and verapamil are clinically used to treat ailments and have proven NorA inhibitors, but, unfortunately, the concentration needed for these drugs to inhibit the pump is not safe in clinical settings. In the current study, we have screened some indole derivatives, and among them, SMJ-5 was reported to potentiate norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin at their sub-inhibitory concentration by inhibiting the norA gene transcriptionally. Here we highlight the promising points of this study, which could serve as a model to design a therapeutic EPI candidate against norA over-expressing S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishtha Chandal
- Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobial Research Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rushikesh Tambat
- Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobial Research Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ritu Kalia
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Gautam Kumar
- Department of Natural Products, Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research- Hyderabad, Balanagar, Telangana, India
| | - Nisha Mahey
- Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobial Research Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjay Jachak
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Hemraj Nandanwar
- Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobial Research Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Hamzah H, Nuryastuti T, Rahmah W, Chabib L, Syamsul ES, Lestari D, Jabbar A, Tunjung Pratiwi SU. Molecular Docking Study of the C-10 Massoia Lactone Compound as an Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Agent against Candida tropicalis. ScientificWorldJournal 2023; 2023:6697124. [PMID: 37766863 PMCID: PMC10522437 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6697124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is now considered a global health problem because it reduces the effectiveness of antimicrobial drugs. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the highest mortality rate is associated with infections caused by multidrug-resistant microorganisms, with approximately 700,000 deaths worldwide each year. The aim of this study was to determine the potential of C-10 massoia lactone to inhibit the growth of fungi and C. tropicalis biofilm, and molecular docking studies were performed to determine the nature of the inhibition. The study was conducted using the microdilution method for antifungal and antibiofilm testing and designed with a molecular docking approach. Furthermore, an analysis using the scanning electron microscope (SEM) was performed to evaluate the mechanism of effect. The results obtained showed that C-10 massoia lactone can inhibit the growth of fungi by 84.21% w/v. Meanwhile, the growth of C. tropicalis biofilm in the intermediate phase was 80.23% w/v and in the mature phase was 74.23% w/v. SEM results showed that C-10 massoia lactone damaged the EPS matrix of C. tropicalis so that hyphal formation was hindered due to damage to fungal cells, resulting in a decrease in attachment, density, and lysis of C. tropicalis fungal cells. Based on molecular docking tests, C-10 massoia lactone was able to inhibit biofilm formation without affecting microbial growth, while docking C-10 massoia lactone showed a significant binding and has the potential as an antifungal agent. In conclusion, the C-10 massoia lactone compound has the potential as an antibiofilm against C. tropicalis, so it can become a new antibiofilm agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasyrul Hamzah
- Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Muhammadiyah Kalimantan Timur, Samarinda, Kalimantan Timur 75124, Indonesia
- Indonesian Biofilm Research Collaboration Centre (IBRCC), Farmako Street, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Titik Nuryastuti
- Indonesian Biofilm Research Collaboration Centre (IBRCC), Farmako Street, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Farmako Street, North Sekip, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Widya Rahmah
- Indonesian Biofilm Research Collaboration Centre (IBRCC), Farmako Street, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Farmako Street, North Sekip, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Lutfi Chabib
- Department of Pharmacy, Islamic University of Indonesia, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Eka Siswanto Syamsul
- Department of Pharmacy, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Samarinda, Samarinda, East Borneo, Indonesia
| | - Dwi Lestari
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Muhammadiyah Kalimantan Timur, Samarinda, Kalimantan Timur 75124, Indonesia
| | - Asriullah Jabbar
- Indonesian Biofilm Research Collaboration Centre (IBRCC), Farmako Street, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Haluoleo University, Kendari 93232, Indonesia
| | - Sylvia Utami Tunjung Pratiwi
- Indonesian Biofilm Research Collaboration Centre (IBRCC), Farmako Street, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, North Sekip, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
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Topcu Ersöz MB, Mumcu E, Avukat EN, Akay C, Pat S, Erdönmez D. Anti-adherent activity of nano-coatings deposited by thermionic vacuum arc plasma on C. albicans biofilm formation. Int J Artif Organs 2023; 46:520-526. [PMID: 37264904 DOI: 10.1177/03913988231178041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to analyze the anti-adherent activity of nano-coatings deposited by Thermionic Vacuum Arc plasma on C. albicans ATCC 10231 biofilm. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 80 disc-shaped (2 × 10 mm) polymethymethacrylate samples were prepared and divided into four groups with 10 samples in each group (Control, ZnO, SnO2, Ag) (n = 10). Using thermionic vacuum arc plasma, they were coated with ZnO, SnO2, and Ag. 3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and Crystal Viole (CV) assays were conducted for biofilm quantification. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe biofilm images of C. albicans biofilm. RESULTS MTT and CV mean values differ statistically significantly between all groups (p ⩽ 0.05). The SnO2 group had the lowest mean value, whereas the control group received the highest value. CONCLUSION SnO2 coating shown greater anti-adherent activity than either metal oxides. C. albicans biofilm formation on denture base surfaces is reduced following Thermionic Vacuum Arc plasma coating with SnO2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emre Mumcu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
- Advanced Material Technologies Application and Research Center, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
- Translational Medicine Research and Clinical Center, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Esra Nur Avukat
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Canan Akay
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
- Advanced Material Technologies Application and Research Center, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
- Translational Medicine Research and Clinical Center, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Suat Pat
- Advanced Material Technologies Application and Research Center, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
- Translational Medicine Research and Clinical Center, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Letters, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Demet Erdönmez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Düzce University, Düzce, Turkey
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Iwańska A, Trafny EA, Czopowicz M, Augustynowicz-Kopeć E. Phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from cystic fibrosis patients with chronic infections. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11741. [PMID: 37474574 PMCID: PMC10359326 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39005-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with cystic fibrosis are predisposed to chronic respiratory tract infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. As the disease progresses, the microorganism diversifies into genotypically and phenotypically different strains which may coexist in the patient's airways for years. Adaptation of the microorganism to the airways of patients with cystic fibrosis probably occurs in response to the host's airway environment, the elements of the immune system and antibiotic therapy. Due to the chronic persistence of the microorganism in the airways, a comprehensive molecular analysis was conducted. The analysis included 120 strains isolated from 10 adult cystic fibrosis patients with chronic P. aeruginosa infection. The aim of the study was to analyze the molecular patterns of P. aeruginosa strains and to trace their transmission in the population of cystic fibrosis patients, as well as to study a relationship of the disease with specific phenotypic features. In the research, a genotypic analysis of P. aeruginosa was performed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. The results of a number of phenotypic features of the strains were added to the outcomes of the molecular studies. As a result, 28 different genotypes were distinguished. The study also showed cross-transmission of strains between patients. 3 transmissible clusters were identified, including IG1 and IG2 clusters with 9 strains of P. aeruginosa each, obtained from 2 patients and IG3 cluster with 6 strains of P. aeruginosa isolated from 3 patients. Moreover, it was found that in some patients, several unrelated strains of P. aeruginosa may transiently or permanently infect the respiratory tract. A comprehensive understanding of the P. aeruginosa adaptation may help to develop more effective antimicrobial therapies and to identify new targets for future drugs in order to prevent progression of the infection to chronic stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Iwańska
- Department of Microbiology, National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Elżbieta Anna Trafny
- Biomedical Engineering Centre, Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Czopowicz
- Division of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Augustynowicz-Kopeć
- Department of Microbiology, National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
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Sadanandan B, Vijayalakshmi V, Ashrit P, Babu UV, Sharath Kumar LM, Sampath V, Shetty K, Joglekar AP, Awaknavar R. Aqueous spice extracts as alternative antimycotics to control highly drug resistant extensive biofilm forming clinical isolates of Candida albicans. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281035. [PMID: 37315001 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans form biofilm by associating with biotic and abiotic surfaces. Biofilm formation by C. albicans is relevant and significant as the organisms residing within, gain resistance to conventional antimycotics and are therefore difficult to treat. This study targeted the potential of spice-based antimycotics to control C. albicans biofilms. Ten clinical isolates of C. albicans along with a standard culture MTCC-3017 (ATCC-90028) were screened for their biofilm-forming ability. C. albicans M-207 and C. albicans S-470 were identified as high biofilm formers by point inoculation on Trypticase Soy Agar (TSA) medium as they formed a lawn within 16 h and exhibited resistance to fluconazole and caspofungin at 25 mcg and 8 mcg respectively. Aqueous and organic spice extracts were screened for their antimycotic activity against C. albicans M-207 and S-470 by agar and disc diffusion and a Zone of Inhibition was observed. Minimal Inhibitory Concentration was determined based on growth absorbance and cell viability measurements. The whole aqueous extract of garlic inhibited biofilms of C. albicans M-207, whereas whole aqueous extracts of garlic, clove, and Indian gooseberry were effective in controlling C. albicans S-470 biofilm within 12 h of incubation. The presence of allicin, ellagic acid, and gallic acid as dominant compounds in the aqueous extracts of garlic, clove, and Indian gooseberry respectively was determined by High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. The morphology of C. albicans biofilm at different growth periods was also determined through bright field microscopy, phase contrast microscopy, and fluorescence microscopy. The results of this study indicated that the alternate approach in controlling high biofilm-forming, multi-drug resistant clinical isolates of C. albicans M-207 and S-470 using whole aqueous extracts of garlic, clove, and Indian gooseberry is a safe, potential, and cost-effective one that can benefit the health care needs with additional effective therapeutics to treat biofilm infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bindu Sadanandan
- Department of Biotechnology, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Priya Ashrit
- Department of Biotechnology, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Uddagiri Venkanna Babu
- Department of Phytochemistry, Research and Development, The Himalaya Drug Company, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Vasulingam Sampath
- Department of Phytochemistry, Research and Development, The Himalaya Drug Company, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Kalidas Shetty
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, United States of America
| | | | - Rashmi Awaknavar
- Department of Biotechnology, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Seo JH, Kim KM, Kwon JS. Antibacterial and Physicochemical Properties of Orthodontic Resin Cement Containing ZnO-Loaded Halloysite Nanotubes. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15092045. [PMID: 37177192 PMCID: PMC10180918 DOI: 10.3390/polym15092045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Demineralized white lesions are a common problem when using orthodontic resin cement, which can be prevented with the addition of antibacterial substances. However, the addition of antibacterial substances such as zinc oxide alone may result in the deterioration of the resin cement's functions. Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) are known to be biocompatible without adversely affecting the mechanical properties of the material while having the ability to load different substances. The purpose of this study was to prepare orthodontic resin cement containing HNT fillers loaded with ZnO (ZnO/HNTs) and to investigate its mechanical, physical, chemical, and antibacterial properties. A group without filler was used as a control. Three groups containing 5 wt.% of HNTs, ZnO, and ZnO/HNTs were prepared. TEM and EDS measurements were carried out to confirm the morphological structure of the HNTs and the successful loading of ZnO onto the HNTs. The mechanical, physical, chemical, and antibacterial properties of the prepared orthodontic resin cement were considered. The ZnO group had high flexural strength and water absorption but a low depth of cure (p < 0.05). The ZnO/HNTs group showed the highest shear bond strength and film thickness (p < 0.05). In the antibacterial test, the ZnO/HNTs group resulted in a significant decrease in the biofilm's metabolic activity compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). ZnO/HNTs did not affect cell viability. In addition, ZnO was cytotoxic at a concentration of 100% in the extract. The nanocomposite developed in this study exhibited antimicrobial activity against S. mutans while maintaining the mechanical, physical, and chemical properties of orthodontic resin cement. Therefore, it has the potential to be used as an orthodontic resin cement that can prevent DWLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hye Seo
- Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Mahn Kim
- Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Kwon
- Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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11
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Martins Leal Schrekker C, Sokolovicz YCA, Raucci MG, Leal CAM, Ambrosio L, Lettieri Teixeira M, Meneghello Fuentefria A, Schrekker HS. Imidazolium Salts for Candida spp. Antibiofilm High-Density Polyethylene-Based Biomaterials. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15051259. [PMID: 36904500 PMCID: PMC10007465 DOI: 10.3390/polym15051259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The species of Candida present good capability to form fungal biofilms on polymeric surfaces and are related to several human diseases since many of the employed medical devices are designed using polymers, especially high-density polyethylene (HDPE). Herein, HDPE films containing 0; 0.125; 0.250 or 0.500 wt% of 1-hexadecyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (C16MImCl) or its analog 1-hexadecyl-3-methylimidazolium methanesulfonate (C16MImMeS) were obtained by melt blending and posteriorly mechanically pressurized into films. This approach resulted in more flexible and less brittle films, which impeded the Candida albicans, C. parapsilosis, and C. tropicalis biofilm formation on their surfaces. The employed imidazolium salt (IS) concentrations did not present any significant cytotoxic effect, and the good cell adhesion/proliferation of human mesenchymal stem cells on the HDPE-IS films indicated good biocompatibility. These outcomes combined with the absence of microscopic lesions in pig skin after contact with HDPE-IS films demonstrated their potential as biomaterials for the development of effective medical device tools that reduce the risk of fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Martins Leal Schrekker
- Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Sarmento Leite 500, Porto Alegre 90050-170, RS, Brazil
| | - Yuri Clemente Andrade Sokolovicz
- Laboratory of Technological Processes and Catalysis, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, Porto Alegre 91501-970, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Grazia Raucci
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy (IPCB-CNR), Viale John Fitzgerald Kennedy 54, Mostra d’Oltremare Padiglione 20, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Alberto Martins Leal
- Laboratory of Technological Processes and Catalysis, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, Porto Alegre 91501-970, RS, Brazil
| | - Luigi Ambrosio
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy (IPCB-CNR), Viale John Fitzgerald Kennedy 54, Mostra d’Oltremare Padiglione 20, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Mário Lettieri Teixeira
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Toxicology, Instituto Federal Catarinense (IFC), Rodovia SC 283—km 17, Concórdia 89703-720, SC, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Meneghello Fuentefria
- Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Sarmento Leite 500, Porto Alegre 90050-170, RS, Brazil
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Avenida Ipiranga 2752, Porto Alegre 90610-000, RS, Brazil
- Correspondence: (A.M.F.); (H.S.S.)
| | - Henri Stephan Schrekker
- Laboratory of Technological Processes and Catalysis, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, Porto Alegre 91501-970, RS, Brazil
- Correspondence: (A.M.F.); (H.S.S.)
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12
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Kulišová M, Maťátková O, Brányik T, Zelenka J, Drábová L, Kolouchová IJ. Detection of microscopic filamentous fungal biofilms - Choosing the suitable methodology. J Microbiol Methods 2023; 205:106676. [PMID: 36693497 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2023.106676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Microscopic filamentous fungi are ubiquitous microorganisms that adapt very easily to a variety of environmental conditions. Due to this adaptability, they can colonize a number of various surfaces where they are able to start forming biofilms. Life in the form of biofilms provides them with many benefits (increased resistance to desiccation, UV radiation, antimicrobial compounds, and host immune response). The aim of this study is to find a reliable and reproducible methodology to determine biofilm growth of selected microscopic filamentous fungi strains. Several methods (crystal violet staining, MTT assay, XTT assay, resazurin assay) for the determination of total biofilm biomass and its metabolic activity were tested on four fungi - Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium culmorum and Fusarium graminearum, and their biofilm was also imaged by spinning disc confocal microscopy using fluorescent dyes. A reproducible biofilm quantification method is essential for the subsequent testing of the biofilm growth suppression using antifungal agents or physical methods. Crystal violet staining was found to be a suitable method for the determination of total biofilm biomass of selected strains, and the MTT assay for the determination of metabolic activity of the biofilms. Calcofluor white and Nile red fluorescent stains successfully dyed the hyphae of microscopic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markéta Kulišová
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, Prague 166 28, Czech Republic.
| | - Olga Maťátková
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, Prague 166 28, Czech Republic.
| | - Tomáš Brányik
- Research Institute of Brewing and Malting, Lipová 511/15, Prague 120 44, Czech Republic.
| | - Jaroslav Zelenka
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, Prague 166 28, Czech Republic.
| | - Lucie Drábová
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, Prague 166 28, Czech Republic.
| | - Irena Jarošová Kolouchová
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, Prague 166 28, Czech Republic.
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13
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Wang L, Liu L, Liu Y, Wang F, Zhou X. Antimicrobial performance of novel glutathione-conjugated silver nanoclusters (GSH@AgNCs) against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus by membrane-damage and biofilm-inhibition mechanisms. Food Res Int 2022; 160:111680. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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14
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Comparison of amphotericin B lipid complex, deoxycholate amphotericin B, fluconazole, and anidulafungin activity against Candida albicans biofilm isolated from breakthrough candidemia. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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15
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Cho HY, Lee JE, Lee JH, Ahn DU, Kim KT, Paik HD. Anti-biofilm effect of egg white ovotransferrin and its hydrolysates against Listeria monocytogenes. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Dhumal D, Maron B, Malach E, Lyu Z, Ding L, Marson D, Laurini E, Tintaru A, Ralahy B, Giorgio S, Pricl S, Hayouka Z, Peng L. Dynamic self-assembling supramolecular dendrimer nanosystems as potent antibacterial candidates against drug-resistant bacteria and biofilms. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:9286-9296. [PMID: 35649277 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr02305a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The alarming and prevailing antibiotic resistance crisis urgently calls for innovative "outside of the box" antibacterial agents, which can differ substantially from conventional antibiotics. In this context, we have established antibacterial candidates based on dynamic supramolecular dendrimer nanosystems self-assembled with amphiphilic dendrimers composed of a long hydrophobic alkyl chain and a small hydrophilic poly(amidoamine) dendron bearing distinct terminal functionalities. Remarkably, the amphiphilic dendrimer with amine terminals exhibited strong antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative as well as drug-resistant bacteria, and prevented biofilm formation. Multidisciplinary studies combining experimental approaches and computer modelling together demonstrate that the dendrimer interacts and binds via electrostatic interactions with the bacterial membrane, where it becomes enriched and then dynamically self-assembles into supramolecular nanoassemblies for stronger and multivalent interactions. These, in turn, rapidly promote the insertion of the hydrophobic dendrimer tail into the bacterial membrane thereby inducing bacterial cell lysis and constituting powerful antibacterial activity. Our study presents a novel concept for creating nanotechnology-based antibacterial candidates via dynamic self-assembly and offers a new perspective for combatting recalcitrant bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Dhumal
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), UMR 7325, Equipe Labelisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France.
| | - Bar Maron
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Einav Malach
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Zhenbin Lyu
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), UMR 7325, Equipe Labelisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France.
| | - Ling Ding
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), UMR 7325, Equipe Labelisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France.
| | - Domenico Marson
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@UniTS), DEA, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Erik Laurini
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@UniTS), DEA, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Aura Tintaru
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), UMR 7325, Equipe Labelisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France.
| | - Brigino Ralahy
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), UMR 7325, Equipe Labelisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France.
| | - Suzanne Giorgio
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), UMR 7325, Equipe Labelisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France.
| | - Sabrina Pricl
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@UniTS), DEA, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Zvi Hayouka
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Ling Peng
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), UMR 7325, Equipe Labelisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France.
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17
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A microplate‐based Response Surface Methodology model for growth optimization and biofilm formation on polystyrene polymeric material in a
Candida albicans
and
Escherichia coli
co‐culture. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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18
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Ashrit P, Sadanandan B, Shetty K, Vaniyamparambath V. Polymicrobial Biofilm Dynamics of Multidrug-Resistant Candida albicans and Ampicillin-Resistant Escherichia coli and Antimicrobial Inhibition by Aqueous Garlic Extract. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11050573. [PMID: 35625217 PMCID: PMC9137478 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11050573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The polymicrobial biofilm of C. albicans with E. coli exhibits a dynamic interspecies interaction and is refractory to conventional antimicrobials. In this study, a high biofilm-forming multidrug-resistant strain of C. albicans overcomes inhibition by E. coli in a 24 h coculture. However, following treatment with whole Aqueous Garlic Extract (AGE), these individual biofilms of multidrug-resistant C. albicans M-207 and Ampicillin-resistant Escherichia coli ATCC 39936 and their polymicrobial biofilm were prevented, as evidenced by biochemical and structural characterization. This study advances the antimicrobial potential of AGE to inhibit drug-resistant C. albicans and bacterial-associated polymicrobial biofilms, suggesting the potential for effective combinatorial and synergistic antimicrobial designs with minimal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Ashrit
- Department of Biotechnology, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru 560054, India; (P.A.); (V.V.)
| | - Bindu Sadanandan
- Department of Biotechnology, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru 560054, India; (P.A.); (V.V.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +91-80-2308331; Fax: +91-80-2360-3124
| | - Kalidas Shetty
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA;
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19
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Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using sodium alginate and tannic acid: characterization and anti-S. aureus activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 195:515-522. [PMID: 34920064 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Multi-drug resistance and biofilm formation are a growing problem in the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus contamination. Advances in nanotechnology allow the synthesis of metal nanoparticles that can be assembled into complex architectures for controlling bacterial growth. This study aims to investigate the ultrasonic-assisted green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by tannic acid (TA) and sodium alginate (Na-Alg) as the reducing and stabilizing agents, respectively, and evaluation of their antibacterial and antibiofilm activities. The UV-Vis spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), zetasizer, FT-IR spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies showed that the optimum produces were spherical, stable, and monodispersed AgNPs with an average size of particle sizes of 18.52 ± 0.07 nm. The antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of the AgNPs loaded TA/Na-Alg constructs against S. aureus ATCC 6538 were investigated. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the AgNPs was 31.25 μg/mL. After exposure to the AgNPs, planktonic S. aureus showed irreversible cell membrane damage, decreased cell viability, and changes in cellular morphology. In addition, the AgNps significantly inhibited S. aureus biofilm formation at 1/32 MIC. The biofilm elimination rate was 58.87% after exposure to MIC AgNPs. The results suggested that the development of AgNPs loaded TA/Na-Alg constructs with biomedical potentialities obtained through a simple, green, and cost-effective approach, may be suitable for the formulation of a new strategy for combating S. aureus.
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20
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Histological assessment, anti-quorum sensing, and anti-biofilm activities of Dioon spinulosum extract: in vitro and in vivo approach. Sci Rep 2022; 12:180. [PMID: 34996996 PMCID: PMC8742103 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03953-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic bacterium causing several health problems and having many virulence factors like biofilm formation on different surfaces. There is a significant need to develop new antimicrobials due to the spreading resistance to the commonly used antibiotics, partly attributed to biofilm formation. Consequently, this study aimed to investigate the anti-biofilm and anti-quorum sensing activities of Dioon spinulosum, Dyer Ex Eichler extract (DSE), against Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates. DSE exhibited a reduction in the biofilm formation by P. aeruginosa isolates both in vitro and in vivo rat models. It also resulted in a decrease in cell surface hydrophobicity and exopolysaccharide quantity of P. aeruginosa isolates. Both bright field and scanning electron microscopes provided evidence for the inhibiting ability of DSE on biofilm formation. Moreover, it reduced violacein production by Chromobacterium violaceum (ATCC 12,472). It decreased the relative expression of 4 quorum sensing genes (lasI, lasR, rhlI, rhlR) and the biofilm gene (ndvB) using qRT-PCR. Furthermore, DSE presented a cytotoxic activity with IC50 of 4.36 ± 0.52 µg/ml against human skin fibroblast cell lines. For the first time, this study reports that DSE is a promising resource of anti-biofilm and anti-quorum sensing agents.
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21
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Rostami S, Tekkeşin AI, Ercan UK, Garipcan B. Biomimetic sharkskin surfaces with antibacterial, cytocompatible, and drug delivery properties. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 134:112565. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Elekhnawy EA, Sonbol FI, Elbanna TE, Abdelaziz AA. Evaluation of the impact of adaptation of Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates to benzalkonium chloride on biofilm formation. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-021-00170-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The percentage of the multidrug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates is increasing worldwide. The excessive exposure of K. pneumoniae isolates to sublethal concentrations of biocides like benzalkonium chloride (BAC) in health care settings and communities could be one of the causes contributing in the global spread of antibiotic resistance.
Results
We collected 50 K. pneumoniae isolates and these isolates were daily exposed to gradually increasing sublethal concentrations of BAC. The consequence of adaptation to BAC on the cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) and biofilm formation of K. pneumoniae isolates was explored. Remarkably, 16% of the tested isolates showed an increase in the cell surface hydrophobicity and 26% displayed an enhanced biofilm formation. To evaluate whether the influence of BAC adaptation on the biofilm formation was demonstrated at the transcriptional level, the RT-PCR was employed. Noteworthy, we found that 60% of the tested isolates exhibited an overexpression of the biofilm gene (bssS). After sequencing of this gene in K. pneumoniae isolates before and after BAC adaptation and performing pairwise alignment, 100% identity was detected; a finding that means the absence of mutation after adaptation to BAC.
Conclusion
This study suggests that the widespread and increased use of biocides like BAC at sublethal concentrations has led to an increase biofilm formation by K. pneumoniae isolates. Enhanced biofilm formation could result in treatment failure of the infections generated by this pathogen.
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23
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Xu JG, Meng J, Bao WJ, Kang JM, Chen JY, Han BZ. Occurrence of disinfectant-resistant bacteria in a fresh-cut vegetables processing facility and their role in protecting Salmonella enteritidis. RSC Adv 2021; 11:10291-10299. [PMID: 35423506 PMCID: PMC8695711 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09325d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical disinfectants are widely used to control foodborne pathogen contamination in fresh-cut vegetables (FVs) processing facilities. In this study, we investigated the disinfectant-resistant bacteria in a FVs processing facility and evaluate the effects of these bacteria on Salmonella enteritidis biofilm formation and disinfectant resistance. The disinfectant-resistance profiles were determined using 0.02% sodium hypochlorite (NaClO), 0.2% benzalkonium bromide (BAB) and 2% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) solutions. The results showed the high occurrence of disinfectant resistant bacteria in the FVs processing environment, especially in the clean area. All isolates showed planktonic susceptibility to H2O2 and BAB, while the Gram-positive isolates were specifically resistant to NaClO. Isolates with biofilm-forming ability showed resistance to tested disinfectants. Disinfectant resistance of S. enteritidis was not significantly enhanced in most of the mixed-species biofilms, except for Bacillus paramycoides B5 which not only increased the biomass but also enhanced the survival ability of the Salmonella under NaClO treatment. Increased biomass and compact biofilm structures were observed in mixed-species biofilms by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This study provides new insights into the disinfectant-resistant bacteria from food processing facilities and highlights their relevance for foodborne pathogen contamination. The occurrence of disinfectant-resistant bacteria in a fresh-cut vegetables processing facility was observed, and Bacillus paramycoides B5 enhanced S. enteritidis survival under NaClO treatment.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Guo Xu
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University Beijing 100083 China
| | - Jiao Meng
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University Beijing 100083 China
| | - Wen-Jing Bao
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University Beijing 100083 China
| | - Jia-Mu Kang
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University Beijing 100083 China
| | - Jing-Yu Chen
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University Beijing 100083 China
| | - Bei-Zhong Han
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University Beijing 100083 China
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24
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Liu T, Liu L. Fabrication and characterization of chitosan nanoemulsions loading thymol or thyme essential oil for the preservation of refrigerated pork. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 162:1509-1515. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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25
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Liu T, Wang J, Gong X, Wu X, Liu L, Chi F. Rosemary and Tea Tree Essential Oils Exert Antibiofilm Activities In Vitro against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. J Food Prot 2020; 83:1261-1267. [PMID: 32577759 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-19-337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The purpose of the present study was to determine the bioactive compounds in rosemary essential oil (REO) and tea tree essential oil (TEO) and to investigate their antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in vitro. The MIC and MBC assays were performed to assess the antibacterial activity of these two EOs against S. aureus and E. coli with the broth microdilution method. A crystal violet assay was used to ascertain the effects of EOs on the biofilm formation of the test strains, and a tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to measure the level of inactivation of mature biofilms by EOs. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed 15 compounds in REO and 27 compounds in TEO, representing 97.78 and 98.13% of the total EO, respectively. Eucalyptol and α-pinene were found in high concentrations in REO, and the two major compounds in TEO were 4-terpineol and terpinolene. The MICs of REO for the two S. aureus and E. coli test strains were both 0.5 mg/mL, and the MICs of TEO for the two strains were both 0.25 mg/mL. Therefore, these EOs can significantly inhibit the formation of biofilms and induced morphological biofilm changes, as verified by scanning electron microscopy. Both EOs had destructive effects on the mature biofilm of the two test strains. TEO was more inhibitory than REO for biofilm formation by the two test strains. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- College of Food Engineering and Nutrition Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingfan Wang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutrition Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoman Gong
- College of Food Engineering and Nutrition Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxia Wu
- College of Food Engineering and Nutrition Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Liu Liu
- College of Food Engineering and Nutrition Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Fumin Chi
- Food Science College, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi, Tibet 860000, People's Republic of China
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26
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Virulence Characteristics of mecA-Positive Multidrug-Resistant Clinical Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8050659. [PMID: 32369929 PMCID: PMC7284987 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8050659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are an important group of opportunistic pathogenic microorganisms that cause infections in hospital settings and are generally resistant to many antimicrobial agents. We report on phenotypic and genotypic virulence characteristics of a select group of clinical, mecA-positive (encoding penicillin-binding protein 2a) CoNS isolates. All CoNS were resistant to two or more antimicrobials with S. epidermidis strain 214EP, showing resistance to fifteen of the sixteen antimicrobial agents tested. Aminoglycoside-resistance genes were the ones most commonly detected. The presence of megaplasmids containing both horizontal gene transfer and antimicrobial resistance genetic determinants indicates that CoNS may disseminate antibiotic resistance to other bacteria. Staphylococcus sciuri species produced six virulence enzymes, including a DNase, gelatinase, lipase, phosphatase, and protease that are suspected to degrade tissues into nutrients for bacterial growth and contribute to the pathogenicity of CoNS. The PCR assay for the detection of biofilm-associated genes found the eno (encoding laminin-binding protein) gene in all isolates. Measurement of their biofilm-forming ability and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient analyses revealed that the results of crystal violet (CV) and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) assays were significantly correlated (ρ = 0.9153, P = 3.612e-12). The presence of virulence factors, biofilm-formation capability, extracellular enzymes, multidrug resistance, and gene transfer markers in mecA-positive CoNS clinical strains used in this study makes them powerful opportunistic pathogens. The study also warrants a careful evaluation of nosocomial infections caused by CoNS and may be useful in studying the mechanism of virulence and factors associated with their pathogenicity in vivo and developing effective strategies for mitigation.
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Pattanaik L, Duraivadivel P, Hariprasad P, Naik SN. Utilization and re-use of solid and liquid waste generated from the natural indigo dye production process - A zero waste approach. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 301:122721. [PMID: 31986372 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The main aim of this work is focused towards possible reuse of both solid and liquid waste generated from the natural indigo dye production process. The solid waste (C/N:15.01) was utilized to produce stable compost with possible re-use in Indigofera cultivation. Among seven compost combinations (C1-C7) using jeevamrutha (JA) and cow-dung (CD) as inoculum, C4 with 8% JA showed higher biomass degradation (51%) and plant growth potential (GI > 125%). Whereas the undiluted liquid waste was treated using algal consortia, bacteria, and indigenous microbial population, achieved a maximum removal of 90% ammonia, 82% nitrate, and 88% phosphorus for its re-use in the dye production process. Hence, incorporation of suitable waste management strategies in natural indigo dye production could help to achieve a zero waste sustainable process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lopa Pattanaik
- Centre for Rural Development & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - P Duraivadivel
- Centre for Rural Development & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - P Hariprasad
- Centre for Rural Development & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Satya Narayan Naik
- Centre for Rural Development & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India.
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The effect of sophorolipids against microbial biofilms on medical-grade silicone. J Biotechnol 2020; 309:34-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2019.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Cattò C, Cappitelli F. Testing Anti-Biofilm Polymeric Surfaces: Where to Start? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3794. [PMID: 31382580 PMCID: PMC6696330 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Present day awareness of biofilm colonization on polymeric surfaces has prompted the scientific community to develop an ever-increasing number of new materials with anti-biofilm features. However, compared to the large amount of work put into discovering potent biofilm inhibitors, only a small number of papers deal with their validation, a critical step in the translation of research into practical applications. This is due to the lack of standardized testing methods and/or of well-controlled in vivo studies that show biofilm prevention on polymeric surfaces; furthermore, there has been little correlation with the reduced incidence of material deterioration. Here an overview of the most common methods for studying biofilms and for testing the anti-biofilm properties of new surfaces is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cattò
- Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Cappitelli
- Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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Patel H, Patel F, Jani V, Jha N, Ansari A, Paliwal B, Rathod B, Patel D, Patel P, Kothari V. Anti-pathogenic potential of a classical ayurvedic Triphala formulation. F1000Res 2019; 8:1126. [PMID: 33093941 PMCID: PMC7549186 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.19787.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A classical
ayurvedic polyherbal formulation namely
Triphala was assessed for its anti-pathogenic potential against five different pathogenic bacteria. Virulence of four of them towards the model host
Caenorhabditis elegans was attenuated (by 18-45%) owing to pre-treatment with
Triphala Formulation (TF) (≤20 µg/ml). TF
could also exert significant therapeutic effect on worms already infected with
Chromobacterium violaceum (MTCC 2656),
Serratia marcescens (MTCC 97) or
Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC 737). Prophylactic use of TF
allowed worms to score 14-41% better survival in face of subsequent pathogen challenge. Repeated exposure to this formulation induced resistance in
S. marcescens, but not in
P. aeruginosa. It also exerted a post-extract effect (PEE) on three of the test pathogens. TF was able to modulate production of quorum sensing (QS)-regulated pigments in three of the multidrug-resistant gram-negative test bacteria. Haemolytic activity of
S. aureus was heavily inhibited under the influence of this formulation.
P. aeruginosa's lysozyme-susceptibility was found to increase by ~25-43% upon TF-pretreatment. These results validate therapeutic potential of one of the most widely used polyherbal
ayurvedic formulations called
Triphala.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hinal Patel
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382481, India
| | - Foram Patel
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382481, India
| | - Vinit Jani
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382481, India
| | - Neha Jha
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382481, India
| | - Afsa Ansari
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382481, India
| | - Bhumika Paliwal
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382481, India
| | - Bharatsingh Rathod
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382481, India
| | - Dhruvi Patel
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382481, India
| | - Pooja Patel
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382481, India
| | - Vijay Kothari
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382481, India
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Patel H, Patel F, Jani V, Jha N, Ansari A, Paliwal B, Rathod B, Patel D, Patel P, Kothari V. Anti-pathogenic potential of a classical ayurvedic Triphala formulation. F1000Res 2019; 8:1126. [PMID: 33093941 PMCID: PMC7549186 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.19787.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A classical ayurvedic polyherbal formulation namely Triphala was assessed for its anti-pathogenic potential against five different pathogenic bacteria. Virulence of four of them towards the model host Caenorhabditis elegans was attenuated (by 18-45%) owing to pre-treatment with Triphala Formulation (TF) (≤20 µg/ml). TF could also exert significant therapeutic effect on worms already infected with Chromobacterium violaceum (MTCC 2656), Serratia marcescens (MTCC 97) or Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC 737). Prophylactic use of TF allowed worms to score 14-41% better survival in face of subsequent pathogen challenge. Repeated exposure to this formulation induced resistance in S. marcescens, but not in P. aeruginosa. It also exerted a post-extract effect (PEE) on three of the test pathogens. TF was able to modulate production of quorum sensing (QS)-regulated pigments in three of the multidrug-resistant gram-negative test bacteria. Haemolytic activity of S. aureus was heavily inhibited under the influence of this formulation. P. aeruginosa's lysozyme-susceptibility was found to increase by ~25-43% upon TF-pretreatment. These results validate therapeutic potential of one of the most widely used polyherbal ayurvedic formulations called Triphala.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hinal Patel
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382481, India
| | - Foram Patel
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382481, India
| | - Vinit Jani
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382481, India
| | - Neha Jha
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382481, India
| | - Afsa Ansari
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382481, India
| | - Bhumika Paliwal
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382481, India
| | - Bharatsingh Rathod
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382481, India
| | - Dhruvi Patel
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382481, India
| | - Pooja Patel
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382481, India
| | - Vijay Kothari
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382481, India
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Córdova-Alcántara IM, Venegas-Cortés DL, Martínez-Rivera MÁ, Pérez NO, Rodriguez-Tovar AV. Biofilm characterization of Fusarium solani keratitis isolate: increased resistance to antifungals and UV light. J Microbiol 2019; 57:485-497. [DOI: 10.1007/s12275-019-8637-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Jannadi H, Correa W, Zhang Z, Brandenburg K, Oueslati R, Rouabhia M. Antimicrobial peptides Pep19-2.5 and Pep19-4LF inhibit Streptococcus mutans growth and biofilm formation. Microb Pathog 2019; 133:103546. [PMID: 31112769 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
With this study, we investigated the effect of synthetic antimicrobial peptides Pep19-2.5 and Pep194LF alone or in combination with antibiotics on S. mutans growth and biofilm formation/disruption. We also examined the cytotoxic effect of each peptide on monocytes. S. mutans was cultured in the presence of different concentrations of each peptide. We showed that Pep19-2.5 and Pep19-4LF were able to significantly (p ≤ 0.01) inhibit the growth of S. mutans. The synthetic peptides also decreased biofilm formation by S. mutans. Furthermore, both peptides reduced the viability of S. mutans in already formed biofilms. The combination of each peptide with antibiotics (penicillin/streptomycin, P/S) produced additive interactions which inhibited S. mutans growth and biofilm formation. Pep19-2.5 and Pep19-4LF were nontoxic, as they did not decrease monocyte viability and did not increase the lactate dehydrogenase activity of the exposed cells. In conclusion, synthetic peptides Pep19-2.5 and Pep19-4LF did inhibit S. mutans growth and its capacity to form biofilm. Both peptides were found to be nontoxic to monocytes. These data provide new insight into the efficacy of synthetic peptides Pep19-2.5 and Pep19-4LF against S. mutans. These peptides may thus be useful in controlling the adverse effects of this cariogenic bacterium in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanen Jannadi
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, 2420, rue de la Terrasse, Québec, G1V 0A6, QC, Canada; Unité IMEC, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Unversité de Carthage, Tunisia
| | - Wilmar Correa
- Forschungszentrum Borstel, Leibniz-Zentrum für Medizin und Biowissenschaften, Parkallee, D-23845, Borstel, Germany
| | - Ze Zhang
- Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, and L'Axe Médecine régénératrice, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, G1L 3L5, Canada
| | - Klaus Brandenburg
- Brandenburg Antiinfektiva GmbH, c/o Forschungszentrum Borstel, D-23845, Borstel, Germany
| | - Ridha Oueslati
- Unité IMEC, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Unversité de Carthage, Tunisia
| | - Mahmoud Rouabhia
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, 2420, rue de la Terrasse, Québec, G1V 0A6, QC, Canada.
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Gómez-Baltazar A, Vázquez-Garcidueñas MS, Larsen J, Kuk-Soberanis ME, Vázquez-Marrufo G. Comparative stress response to food preservation conditions of ST19 and ST213 genotypes of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium. Food Microbiol 2019; 82:303-315. [PMID: 31027788 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The replacement of the most prevalent Salmonella enterica genotypes has been documented worldwide. Here we tested the hypothesis that the current prevalent sequence type ST213 of serotype Typhimurium in Mexico has a higher resistance to stressful food preservation conditions than the displaced sequence ST19. ST19 showed higher cell viability percentages than ST213 in osmotic (685 mM NaCl) and acidic (pH 3.5) stress conditions and in combination with refrigeration (4 °C) and ambient (≈22 °C) temperatures. Both genotypes showed the same poststress recovery growth. ST213 formed biofilm and filamentous cells (FCs) under stress, whereas ST19 did not. ST213 cells also showed higher motility. The capacity of ST213 to form FCs may explain its lower viability percentages when compared with ST19, i.e., ST213 cells divided less under stress conditions, but FCs had the same recovery capacity of ST19 cells. ST213 presented a higher unsaturated/saturated fatty acids ratio (0.5-0.6) than ST19 (0.2-0.5), which indicates higher membrane fluidity. The transcript levels of the rpoS gene were similar between genotypes under the experimental conditions employed. Biofilm formation, the generation of FCs, cell motility and membrane modification seem to make ST213 more resistant than ST19 to food preservation environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Gómez-Baltazar
- Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, CP 58893, Mexico.
| | - Ma Soledad Vázquez-Garcidueñas
- División de Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas y Biológicas "Dr. Ignacio Chávez", Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, CP 58020, Mexico.
| | - John Larsen
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad (IIES), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacá, CP 58190, Mexico.
| | - Mariana Esther Kuk-Soberanis
- División de Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas y Biológicas "Dr. Ignacio Chávez", Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, CP 58020, Mexico.
| | - Gerardo Vázquez-Marrufo
- Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, CP 58893, Mexico.
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El-Banna T, Abd El-Aziz A, Sonbol F, El-Ekhnawy E. Adaptation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates to benzalkonium chloride retards its growth and enhances biofilm production. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:3437-3443. [PMID: 30972606 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04806-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The increasing percentage of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains that are resistant to multiple antibiotics is a global problem. The exposure of P. aeruginosa isolates to repeated sub lethal concentrations of biocides in hospitals and communities may be one of the causes leading to increased antibiotic resistance. Benzalkonium chloride (BAC) is widely used as disinfectant and preservative. This study investigated the effect of exposure of P. aeruginosa clinical isolates to sub lethal concentrations of BAC on their antibiotic resistance, growth process and biofilm formation. The collected 43 P. aeruginosa clinical isolates were daily subjected to increasing sub lethal concentrations of BAC. The effect of adaptation on antibiotic resistance, growth process, cell surface hydrophobicity and biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa isolates were examined. Interestingly, Most P. aeruginosa isolates adapted to BAC showed an increase in antibiotic resistance and 66% of the isolates showed retardation of growth, 63% showed increased cell surface hydrophobicity and 23.5% exhibited enhanced biofilm formation by crystal violet assay. To define whether the effect of BAC adaptation on biofilm production was manifested at the transcriptional level, quantitative RT-PCR was used. We found that 60% of the tested isolates showed overexpression of ndvB biofilm gene. More efforts are required to diminish the increasing use of BAC to avoid bacterial adaptation to this biocide with subsequent retardation of growth and enhanced biofilm formation which could lead to antibiotic resistance and treatment failure of infections caused by this opportunistic pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek El-Banna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Campus, Tanta University, El-Geish Street, Tanta, El-Gharbia, 31611, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abd El-Aziz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Campus, Tanta University, El-Geish Street, Tanta, El-Gharbia, 31611, Egypt
| | - Fatma Sonbol
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Campus, Tanta University, El-Geish Street, Tanta, El-Gharbia, 31611, Egypt
| | - Engy El-Ekhnawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Campus, Tanta University, El-Geish Street, Tanta, El-Gharbia, 31611, Egypt.
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Patel P, Joshi C, Kothari V. Antipathogenic Potential of a Polyherbal Wound-Care Formulation (Herboheal) against Certain Wound-Infective Gram-Negative Bacteria. Adv Pharmacol Sci 2019; 2019:1739868. [PMID: 30833966 PMCID: PMC6369513 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1739868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated antipathogenic efficacy of a polyherbal wound-healing formulation Herboheal against three multidrug-resistant strains of gram-negative bacterial pathogens associated with wound infections. Herboheal was evaluated for its quorum-modulatory potential against three different human-pathogenic bacteria, first in vitro through the broth dilution assay and then in vivo in the model host Caenorhabditis elegans. Herboheal at ≥0.1% v/v was able to inhibit (19-55%) in vitro production of quorum sensing-regulated pigments in all these bacteria and seemed to interfere with bacterial quorum sensing by acting as a signal-response inhibitor. This formulation could compromise haemolytic activity of all three bacteria by ∼18-69% and induced their catalase activity by ∼8-21%. Herboheal inhibited P. aeruginosa biofilm formation up to 40%, reduced surface hydrophobicity of P. aeruginosa cells by ∼9%, and also made them (25%) more susceptible to lysis by human serum. Antibiotic susceptibility of all three bacteria was modulated owing to pretreatment with Herboheal. Exposure of these test pathogens to Herboheal (≥0.025% v/v) effectively reduced their virulence towards the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Repeated subculturing of P. aeruginosa on the Herboheal-supplemented growth medium did not induce resistance to Herboheal in this mischievous pathogen, and this polyherbal extract was also found to exert a post-extract effect on P. aeruginosa, wherein virulence of the Herboheal-unexposed daughter cultures, of the Herboheal-exposed parent culture, was also found to be attenuated. Overall, this study indicates Herboheal formulation to be an effective antipathogenic preparation and validates its indicated traditional therapeutic use as a wound-care formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Patel
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad-382481, India
| | - Chinmayi Joshi
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad-382481, India
| | - Vijay Kothari
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad-382481, India
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Joshi C, Patel P, Kothari V. Anti-infective potential of hydroalcoholic extract of Punica granatum peel against gram-negative bacterial pathogens. F1000Res 2019; 8:70. [PMID: 30828441 PMCID: PMC6392158 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.17430.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Punica granatum extracts have been prescribed in traditional medicine for management of a variety of disease conditions including microbial infections. Generation of scientific evidence for validation of P. granatum peel extract's anti-pathogenic efficacy is required. Methods: Hydroalcoholic extract of P. granatum peel (PGPE), prepared by microwave assisted extraction method was evaluated for its quorum-modulatory potential against two different human-pathogenic bacteria viz. Chromobacterium violaceum and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Results: This extract was able to modulate in vitro production of quorum sensing-regulated pigments in both these test bacteria at ≥5 μg/ml. Virulence traits of P. aeruginosa like haemolytic activity, and biofilm formation were negatively affected by the test extract, and it also made P. aeruginosa more susceptible to lysis by human serum. Antibiotic susceptibility of both test bacteria was modulated owing to pre-treatment with PGPE. Exposure of these test pathogens to PGPE (≥0.5 μg/ml) effectively reduced their virulence towards the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Repeated subculturing of P. aeruginosa on PGPE-supplemented growth medium did not induce resistance to PGPE in this notorious pathogen, and this extract was also found to exert a post-extract effect on P. aeruginosa. Individual constituent phytocompounds of PGPE were found to be less efficacious than the whole extract. PGPE seemed to interfere with the signal-response machinery of P. aeruginosa and C. violaceum. PGPE also exhibited notable prebiotic potential by promoting growth of probiotic strains- Bifidobacterium bifidum and Lactobacillus plantarum at ≤50 μg/ml. Conclusions: This study indicates PGPE to be an effective antipathogenic and prebiotic preparation, and validates its therapeutic use mentioned in traditional medicine. This study also emphasizes the need for testing any bioactive extract at broadest possible concentration range, particularly in vivo, so that an accurate picture of dose-response relationship can emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinmayi Joshi
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382481, India
| | - Pooja Patel
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382481, India
| | - Vijay Kothari
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382481, India
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Joshi C, Patel P, Kothari V. Anti-infective potential of hydroalcoholic extract of Punica granatum peel against gram-negative bacterial pathogens. F1000Res 2019; 8:70. [PMID: 30828441 PMCID: PMC6392158 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.17430.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background:Punica granatum extracts have been prescribed in traditional medicine for management of a variety of disease conditions including microbial infections. Generation of scientific evidence for validation of P. granatum peel extract's anti-pathogenic efficacy is required. Methods: Hydroalcoholic extract of P. granatum peel (PGPE), prepared by microwave assisted extraction method was evaluated for its quorum-modulatory potential against two different human-pathogenic bacteria viz. Chromobacterium violaceum and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Results: This extract was able to modulate in vitro production of quorum sensing-regulated pigments in both these test bacteria at ≥5 μg/ml. Virulence traits of P. aeruginosa like haemolytic activity, and biofilm formation were negatively affected by the test extract, and it also made P. aeruginosa more susceptible to lysis by human serum. Antibiotic susceptibility of both test bacteria was modulated owing to pre-treatment with PGPE. Exposure of these test pathogens to PGPE (≥0.5 μg/ml) effectively reduced their virulence towards the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Repeated subculturing of P. aeruginosa on PGPE-supplemented growth medium did not induce resistance to PGPE in this notorious pathogen, and this extract was also found to exert a post-extract effect on P. aeruginosa. Individual constituent phytocompounds of PGPE were found to be less efficacious than the whole extract. PGPE seemed to interfere with the signal-response machinery of P. aeruginosa and C. violaceum. PGPE also exhibited notable prebiotic potential by promoting growth of probiotic strains- Bifidobacterium bifidum and Lactobacillus plantarum at ≤50 μg/ml. Conclusions: This study indicates PGPE to be an effective antipathogenic and prebiotic preparation, and validates its therapeutic use mentioned in traditional medicine. This study also emphasizes the need for testing any bioactive extract at broadest possible concentration range, particularly in vivo, so that an accurate picture of dose-response relationship can emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinmayi Joshi
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382481, India
| | - Pooja Patel
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382481, India
| | - Vijay Kothari
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382481, India
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Joshi C, Patel P, Palep H, Kothari V. Validation of the anti-infective potential of a polyherbal 'Panchvalkal' preparation, and elucidation of the molecular basis underlining its efficacy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:19. [PMID: 30654785 PMCID: PMC6335721 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2428-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A Panchvalkal formulation (Pentaphyte P-5®) mentioned in ancient texts of Indian traditional medicine was investigated for its anti-infective potential against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. METHODS Effect of the test formulation on bacterial growth and pigment production was evaluated by broth dilution assay. In vivo efficacy was evaluated using Caenorhabditis elegans as the model host. Whole transcriptome approach was taken to study the effect of test formulation on bacterial gene expression. RESULTS This formulation in vitro was found to be capable of affecting quorum sensing (QS)-regulated traits (pyocyanin, pyoverdine, biofilm) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In combination with antibiotics, it enhanced susceptibility of the test bacterium to antibiotics like cephalexin and tetracycline. Effect of Panchvalkal formulation (PF) on QS-regulated traits of P. aeruginosa was not reversed even after repeated exposure of the bacterium to PF. In vivo efficacy of PF was demonstrated employing Caenorhabditis elegans as the model host, wherein PF-treated bacteria were able to kill lesser worms than their extract-unexposed counterparts. Whole transcriptome study revealed that approximately 14% of the P. aeruginosa genome was expressed differently under the influence of PF. CONCLUSIONS Major mechanisms through which Panchvalkal seems to exert its anti-virulence effect are generation of nitrosative and oxidative stress, and disturbing iron and molybdenum homeostasis, besides interfering with QS machinery. This study is a good demonstration of the therapeutic utility of the 'polyherbalism' concept, so common in ayurved. It also demonstrates utility of the modern 'omics' tools for validating the traditional medicine i.e. ayuromics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinmayi Joshi
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, 382481 India
| | - Pooja Patel
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, 382481 India
| | | | - Vijay Kothari
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, 382481 India
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Priya G, Anitha R, Akila R, Narendra Kumar U, Manjubala I. Biofilm formation by S.aureus on composite scaffolds – A qualitative and quantitative in vitro analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2019.04.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Tetrazolium salts and formazan products in Cell Biology: Viability assessment, fluorescence imaging, and labeling perspectives. Acta Histochem 2018; 120:159-167. [PMID: 29496266 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
For many years various tetrazolium salts and their formazan products have been employed in histochemistry and for assessing cell viability. For the latter application, the most widely used are 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT), and 5-cyano-2,3-di-(p-tolyl)-tetrazolium chloride (CTC) for viability assays of eukaryotic cells and bacteria, respectively. In these cases, the nicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide (NAD(P)H) coenzyme and dehydrogenases from metabolically active cells reduce tetrazolium salts to strongly colored and lipophilic formazan products, which are then quantified by absorbance (MTT) or fluorescence (CTC). More recently, certain sulfonated tetrazolium, which give rise to water-soluble formazans, have also proved useful for cytotoxicity assays. We describe several aspects of the application of tetrazolium salts and formazans in biomedical cell biology research, mainly regarding formazan-based colorimetric assays, cellular reduction of MTT, and localization and fluorescence of the MTT formazan in lipidic cell structures. In addition, some pharmacological and labeling perspectives of these compounds are also described.
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Rocca DM, Vanegas JP, Fournier K, Becerra MC, Scaiano JC, Lanterna AE. Biocompatibility and photo-induced antibacterial activity of lignin-stabilized noble metal nanoparticles. RSC Adv 2018; 8:40454-40463. [PMID: 35558201 PMCID: PMC9091494 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra08169g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
One-pot thermal and photochemical syntheses of lignin-doped silver and gold nanoparticles were developed and their antimicrobial properties were studied against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The nature of the lignin as well as the metal are directly involved in the antimicrobial activity observed in these nanocomposites. Whereas one of the nanocomposites is innocuous under dark conditions and shows photoinduced activity only against Staphylococcus aureus, the rest of the lignin-coated silver nanoparticles studied show antimicrobial activity under dark and light conditions for both bacteria strains. Additionally, only photoinduced activity is observed for lignin-coated gold nanoparticles. Importantly, the particles are non-cytotoxic towards human cells at the bactericidal concentrations. Preliminary assays show these silver nanoparticles as potential antimicrobial agents towards S. aureus biofilm eradication. Natural derived compounds, lignins, can be used as reducing and stabilizing agents to synthesize noble metal nanoparticles with antimicrobial properties.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Diamela María Rocca
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences and Centre for Advanced Materials Research (CAMaR)
- University of Ottawa
- Ottawa
- Canada
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas
| | - Julie P. Vanegas
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences and Centre for Advanced Materials Research (CAMaR)
- University of Ottawa
- Ottawa
- Canada
- Liquid Crystal Institute
| | - Kelsey Fournier
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences and Centre for Advanced Materials Research (CAMaR)
- University of Ottawa
- Ottawa
- Canada
| | - M. Cecilia Becerra
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba
- Córdoba
- Argentina
| | - Juan C. Scaiano
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences and Centre for Advanced Materials Research (CAMaR)
- University of Ottawa
- Ottawa
- Canada
| | - Anabel E. Lanterna
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences and Centre for Advanced Materials Research (CAMaR)
- University of Ottawa
- Ottawa
- Canada
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Gulati P, Singh P, Chatterjee AK, Ghosh M. Monitoring of biofilm aging in a Sphingomonas sp. strain from public drinking water sites through changes in capacitance. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2017; 38:2344-2351. [PMID: 27838956 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2016.1260164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the applicability of a capacitance-based technique for evaluating the biofilm progression of Sphingomonas sp. One hundred and forty isolates of Sphingomonas were screened from public drinking water sites, and one potential strain with biofilm-forming ability was used for the study. The biofilm production by this strain was established in microtiter plates and aluminum coupons. The standard biofilm-forming strain Sphingomonas terrae MTCC 7766 was used for comparison. Changes in biofilm were analyzed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Capacitance values were measured at 1, 100 and 200 kHz frequency; however, 1 kHz was selected since resulted in reproducible values, which could be correlated to biofilm age measured as dry weight over a time of 96 h (4 days) depicting the biofilm growth/progression over time. The EDX, SEM and capacitance values obtained in parallel indicated the related physiological profile usually displayed by biofilms upon growth, suggesting authenticity to the observed capacitance profile. The results of this study demonstrated the feasibility of a capacitance-based method for analyzing biofilm development/progression by Sphingomonas sp. and suggested a simple approach for developing an online system to detect biofilms by this opportunistic pathogen of concern in drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Gulati
- a Department of Biotechnology , Thapar University , Patiala , Punjab , India
| | - Pawandeep Singh
- a Department of Biotechnology , Thapar University , Patiala , Punjab , India
| | - Arun Kumar Chatterjee
- b Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering , Thapar University , Patiala , Punjab , India
| | - Moushumi Ghosh
- a Department of Biotechnology , Thapar University , Patiala , Punjab , India
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Flow Cytometry Is a Powerful Tool for Assessment of the Viability of Fungal Conidia in Metalworking Fluids. Appl Environ Microbiol 2017. [PMID: 28625992 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00938-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal contamination of metalworking fluids (MWF) is a dual problem in automated processing plants because resulting fungal biofilms obstruct cutting, drilling, and polishing machines. Moreover, some fungal species of MWF comprise pathogens such as Fusarium solani Therefore, the development of an accurate analytical tool to evaluate conidial viability in MWF is important. We developed a flow cytometric method to measure fungal viability in MWF using F. solani as the model organism. To validate this method, viable and dead conidia were mixed in several proportions and flow was cytometrically analyzed. Subsequently, we assessed the fungicidal activity of two commercial MWF using flow cytometry (FCM) and compared it with microscopic analyses and plating experiments. We evaluated the fungal growth in both MWF after 7 days using quantitative PCR (qPCR) to assess the predictive value of FCM. Our results showed that FCM distinguishes live from dead conidia as early as 5 h after exposure to MWF, whereas the microscopic germination approach detected conidial viability much later and less accurately. At 24 h, microscopic analyses of germinating conidia and live/dead analyses by FCM correlated well, although the former consistently underestimated the proportion of viable conidia. In addition, the reproducibility and sensitivity of the flow cytometric method were high and allowed assessment of the fungicidal properties of two commercial MWF. Importantly, the obtained flow cytometric results on viability of F. solani conidia at both early time points (5 h and 24 h) correlated well with fungal biomass measurements assessed via a qPCR methodology 7 days after the start of the experiment.IMPORTANCE This result shows the predictive power of flow cytometry (FCM) in assessing the fungicidal capacity of MWF formulations. It also implies that FCM can be implemented as a rapid detection tool to estimate the viable fungal load in an industrial processing matrix (MWF).
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Costa-Orlandi CB, Sardi JCO, Pitangui NS, de Oliveira HC, Scorzoni L, Galeane MC, Medina-Alarcón KP, Melo WCMA, Marcelino MY, Braz JD, Fusco-Almeida AM, Mendes-Giannini MJS. Fungal Biofilms and Polymicrobial Diseases. J Fungi (Basel) 2017; 3:jof3020022. [PMID: 29371540 PMCID: PMC5715925 DOI: 10.3390/jof3020022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm formation is an important virulence factor for pathogenic fungi. Both yeasts and filamentous fungi can adhere to biotic and abiotic surfaces, developing into highly organized communities that are resistant to antimicrobials and environmental conditions. In recent years, new genera of fungi have been correlated with biofilm formation. However, Candida biofilms remain the most widely studied from the morphological and molecular perspectives. Biofilms formed by yeast and filamentous fungi present differences, and studies of polymicrobial communities have become increasingly important. A key feature of resistance is the extracellular matrix, which covers and protects biofilm cells from the surrounding environment. Furthermore, to achieve cell–cell communication, microorganisms secrete quorum-sensing molecules that control their biological activities and behaviors and play a role in fungal resistance and pathogenicity. Several in vitro techniques have been developed to study fungal biofilms, from colorimetric methods to omics approaches that aim to identify new therapeutic strategies by developing new compounds to combat these microbial communities as well as new diagnostic tools to identify these complex formations in vivo. In this review, recent advances related to pathogenic fungal biofilms are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline B Costa-Orlandi
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara SP 14800-903, Brazil.
| | - Janaina C O Sardi
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba SP 13414-018, Brazil.
| | - Nayla S Pitangui
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara SP 14800-903, Brazil.
| | - Haroldo C de Oliveira
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara SP 14800-903, Brazil.
| | - Liliana Scorzoni
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara SP 14800-903, Brazil.
| | - Mariana C Galeane
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara SP 14800-903, Brazil.
| | - Kaila P Medina-Alarcón
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara SP 14800-903, Brazil.
| | - Wanessa C M A Melo
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara SP 14800-903, Brazil.
| | - Mônica Y Marcelino
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara SP 14800-903, Brazil.
| | - Jaqueline D Braz
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara SP 14800-903, Brazil.
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara SP 14800-903, Brazil.
| | - Maria José S Mendes-Giannini
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara SP 14800-903, Brazil.
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Kwiatek M, Parasion S, Rutyna P, Mizak L, Gryko R, Niemcewicz M, Olender A, Łobocka M. Isolation of bacteriophages and their application to control Pseudomonas aeruginosa in planktonic and biofilm models. Res Microbiol 2016; 168:194-207. [PMID: 27818282 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is frequently identified as a cause of diverse infections and chronic diseases. It forms biofilms and has natural resistance to several antibiotics. Strains of this pathogen resistant to new-generation beta-lactams have emerged. Due to the difficulties associated with treating chronic P. aeruginosa infections, bacteriophages are amongst the alternative therapeutic options being actively researched. Two obligatorily lytic P. aeruginosa phages, vB_PaeM_MAG1 (MAG1) and vB_PaeP_MAG4 (MAG4), have been isolated and characterized. These phages belong to the PAK_P1likevirus genus of the Myoviridae family and the LIT1virus genus of the Podoviridae family, respectively. They adsorb quickly to their hosts (∼90% in 5 min), have a short latent period (15 min), and are stable during storage. Each individual phage propagated in approximately 50% of P. aeruginosa strains tested, which increased to 72.9% when phages were combined into a cocktail. While MAG4 reduced biofilm more effectively after a short time of treatment, MAG1 was more effective after a longer time and selected less for phage-resistant clones. A MAG1-encoded homolog of YefM antitoxin of the bacterial toxin-antitoxin system may contribute to the superiority of MAG1 over MAG4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kwiatek
- Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Lubelska Str. 2, 24-100 Puławy, Poland.
| | - Sylwia Parasion
- Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Lubelska Str. 2, 24-100 Puławy, Poland.
| | - Paweł Rutyna
- Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Lubelska Str. 2, 24-100 Puławy, Poland.
| | - Lidia Mizak
- Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Lubelska Str. 2, 24-100 Puławy, Poland.
| | - Romuald Gryko
- Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Lubelska Str. 2, 24-100 Puławy, Poland.
| | - Marcin Niemcewicz
- Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Lubelska Str. 2, 24-100 Puławy, Poland.
| | - Alina Olender
- Medical University of Lublin, Chair and Department of Medical Microbiology, dr W. Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Łobocka
- Autonomous Department of Microbial Biology, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; Department of Microbial Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland.
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Bublil EM, Cohen T, Arnusch CJ, Peleg A, Pines G, Lavi S, Yarden Y, Shai Y. Interfering with the Dimerization of the ErbB Receptors by Transmembrane Domain-Derived Peptides Inhibits Tumorigenic Growth in Vitro and in Vivo. Biochemistry 2016; 55:5520-5530. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erez M. Bublil
- Department of Biological Regulation and ‡Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100 Israel
| | - Tomer Cohen
- Department of Biological Regulation and ‡Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100 Israel
| | - Christopher J. Arnusch
- Department of Biological Regulation and ‡Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100 Israel
| | - Adi Peleg
- Department of Biological Regulation and ‡Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100 Israel
| | - Gur Pines
- Department of Biological Regulation and ‡Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100 Israel
| | - Sara Lavi
- Department of Biological Regulation and ‡Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100 Israel
| | - Yosef Yarden
- Department of Biological Regulation and ‡Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100 Israel
| | - Yechiel Shai
- Department of Biological Regulation and ‡Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100 Israel
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Schrekker CML, Sokolovicz YCA, Raucci MG, Selukar BS, Klitzke JS, Lopes W, Leal CAM, de Souza IOP, Galland GB, Dos Santos JHZ, Mauler RS, Kol M, Dagorne S, Ambrosio L, Teixeira ML, Morais J, Landers R, Fuentefria AM, Schrekker HS. Multitask Imidazolium Salt Additives for Innovative Poly(l-lactide) Biomaterials: Morphology Control, Candida spp. Biofilm Inhibition, Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Biocompatibility, and Skin Tolerance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:21163-21176. [PMID: 27486827 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b06005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Candida species have great ability to colonize and form biofilms on medical devices, causing infections in human hosts. In this study, poly(l-lactide) films with different imidazolium salt (1-n-hexadecyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (C16MImCl) and 1-n-hexadecyl-3-methylimidazolium methanesulfonate (C16MImMeS)) contents were prepared, using the solvent casting process. Poly(l-lactide)-imidazolium salt films were obtained with different surface morphologies (spherical and directional), and the presence of the imidazolium salt in the surface was confirmed. These films with different concentrations of the imidazolium salts C16MImCl and C16MImMeS presented antibiofilm activity against isolates of Candida tropicalis, Candida parapsilosis, and Candida albicans. The minor antibiofilm concentration assay enabled one to determine that an increasing imidazolium salt content promoted, in general, an increase in the inhibition percentage of biofilm formation. Scanning electron microscopy micrographs confirmed the effective prevention of biofilm formation on the imidazolium salt containing biomaterials. Lower concentrations of the imidazolium salts showed no cytotoxicity, and the poly(l-lactide)-imidazolium salt films presented good cell adhesion and proliferation percentages with human mesenchymal stem cells. Furthermore, no acute microscopic lesions were identified in the histopathological evaluation after contact between the films and pig ear skin. In combination with the good morphological, physicochemical, and mechanical properties, these poly(l-lactide)-based materials with imidazolium salt additives can be considered as promising biomaterials for use in the manufacturing of medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria G Raucci
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy , Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Moshe Kol
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Samuel Dagorne
- Laboratoire DECOMET, Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg , Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Mário L Teixeira
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Toxicology, Instituto Federal Catarinense , Concórdia, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Richard Landers
- Institute of Physics "Gleb Wataghin", Universidade Estadual de Campinas-UNICAMP , Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Bessa LJ, Buttachon S, Dethoup T, Martins R, Vasconcelos V, Kijjoa A, Martins da Costa P. Neofiscalin A and fiscalin C are potential novel indole alkaloid alternatives for the treatment of multidrug-resistant Gram-positive bacterial infections. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2016; 363:fnw150. [PMID: 27268269 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnw150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ten indole alkaloids were obtained from the marine sponge-associated fungus Neosartorya siamensis KUFA 0017. We studied the antimicrobial properties of these and of three other compounds previously isolated from the soil fungus N. siamensis KUFC 6349. Only neofiscalin A showed antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis (VRE); with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 8 μg mL(-1) against both strains. Another compound, fiscalin C, presented synergistic activity against MRSA when combined with oxacillin, although alone showed no antibacterial effect. Moreover, neofiscalin A, when present at sub-MICs, hampered the ability of both MRSA and VRE strains to form a biofilm. Additionally, the biofilm inhibitory concentration values of neofiscalin A against the MRSA and VRE isolates were 96 and 80 μg mL(-1), respectively. At a concentration of 200 μg mL(-1), neofiscalin A was able to reduce the metabolic activity of the biofilms by ∼50%. One important fact is that our results also showed that neofiscalin A had no cytotoxicity against a human brain capillary endothelial cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucinda J Bessa
- Department of Aquatic production, Abel Salazar Institute for the Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Jorge Viterbo Ferreira Street no. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Bragas Street no. 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
| | - Suradet Buttachon
- Department of Aquatic production, Abel Salazar Institute for the Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Jorge Viterbo Ferreira Street no. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Bragas Street no. 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
| | - Tida Dethoup
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Road Chatuchak, 10900 Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rosário Martins
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Bragas Street no. 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal Research Centre on Health and Environment, School of Allied Health Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Valente Perfeito Street no. 322, 4400-330 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Vitor Vasconcelos
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Bragas Street no. 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Campo Alegre Street no. 1021/1055, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Anake Kijjoa
- Department of Aquatic production, Abel Salazar Institute for the Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Jorge Viterbo Ferreira Street no. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Bragas Street no. 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo Martins da Costa
- Department of Aquatic production, Abel Salazar Institute for the Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Jorge Viterbo Ferreira Street no. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Bragas Street no. 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
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Assessment of biofilm formation of E. meningoseptica, D. acidovorans, and S. maltophilia in lens cases and their growth on recovery media. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2016; 39:117-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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