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Li C, Liu Q, Han L, Zhang H, Immler R, Rathkolb B, Secklehner J, de Angelis MH, Yildirim AÖ, Zeuschner D, Nicke A, Carlin LM, Sperandio M, Stoeger T, Rehberg M. The eATP/P2×7R Axis Drives Quantum Dot-Nanoparticle Induced Neutrophil Recruitment in the Pulmonary Microcirculation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2404661. [PMID: 39364760 PMCID: PMC11615809 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202404661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to nanoparticles (NPs) is frequently associated with adverse cardiovascular effects. In contrast, NPs in nanomedicine hold great promise for precise lung-specific drug delivery, especially considering the extensive pulmonary capillary network that facilitates interactions with bloodstream-suspended particles. Therefore, exact knowledge about effects of engineered NPs within the pulmonary microcirculation are instrumental for future application of this technology in patients. To unravel the real-time dynamics of intravenously delivered NPs and their effects in the pulmonary microvasculature, we employed intravital microscopy of the mouse lung. Only PEG-amine-QDs, but not carboxyl-QDs triggered rapid neutrophil recruitment in microvessels and their subsequent recruitment to the alveolar space and was linked to cellular degranulation, TNF-α, and DAMP release into the circulation, particularly eATP. Stimulation of the ATP-gated receptor P2X7R induced expression of E-selectin on microvascular endothelium thereby mediating the neutrophilic immune response. Leukocyte integrins LFA-1 and MAC-1 facilitated adhesion and decelerated neutrophil crawling on the vascular surface. In summary, this study unravels the complex cascade of neutrophil recruitment during NP-induced sterile inflammation. Thereby we demonstrate novel adverse effects for NPs in the pulmonary microcirculation and provide critical insights for optimizing NP-based drug delivery and therapeutic intervention strategies, to ensure their efficacy and safety in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Li
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI)Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC)Helmholtz Center MunichMember of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)85764MunichGermany
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical CareShandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated toShandong First Medical UniversityJinanShandong250021China
| | - Qiongliang Liu
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI)Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC)Helmholtz Center MunichMember of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)85764MunichGermany
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryShanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200080China
| | - Lianyong Han
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI)Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC)Helmholtz Center MunichMember of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)85764MunichGermany
| | - Haiyun Zhang
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI)Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC)Helmholtz Center MunichMember of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)85764MunichGermany
| | - Roland Immler
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental MedicineBiomedical CenterInstitute of Cardiovascular Physiology and PathophysiologyLudwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München82152Planegg‐MartinsriedGermany
| | - Birgit Rathkolb
- Institute of Experimental Genetics and German Mouse ClinicHelmholtz Zentrum München85764NeuherbergGermany
- Institute of Experimental Animal Breeding and BiotechnologyLudwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München81377MunichGermany
| | - Judith Secklehner
- Cancer Research UK Scotland InstituteGlasgowG61 1BDUK
- School of Cancer SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowG12 8QQUK
| | - Martin Hrabe de Angelis
- Institute of Experimental Genetics and German Mouse ClinicHelmholtz Zentrum München85764NeuherbergGermany
- Chair of Experimental GeneticsTUM School of Life SciencesTechnische Universität München85354FreisingGermany
| | - Ali Önder Yildirim
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI)Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC)Helmholtz Center MunichMember of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)85764MunichGermany
- Institute of Experimental PneumologyLMU80539MunichGermany
| | - Dagmar Zeuschner
- Electron Microscopy FacilityMax Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine48149MuensterGermany
| | - Annette Nicke
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyFaculty of MedicineLudwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München80336MunichGermany
| | - Leo M. Carlin
- Cancer Research UK Scotland InstituteGlasgowG61 1BDUK
- School of Cancer SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowG12 8QQUK
| | - Markus Sperandio
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental MedicineBiomedical CenterInstitute of Cardiovascular Physiology and PathophysiologyLudwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München82152Planegg‐MartinsriedGermany
| | - Tobias Stoeger
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI)Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC)Helmholtz Center MunichMember of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)85764MunichGermany
| | - Markus Rehberg
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI)Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC)Helmholtz Center MunichMember of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)85764MunichGermany
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2
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Zhu H, Chen S, Li R, Cheng Y, Song H, Wu S, Zhong Y, Liu Y, Cao C. Selenium-rich yeast counteracts the inhibitory effect of nanoaluminum on the formation of porcine neutrophil extracellular traps. Res Vet Sci 2023; 161:138-144. [PMID: 37384972 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum is widely used in daily life due to its excellent properties. However, aluminum exposure to the environment severely threatens animal and human health. Conversely, selenium (Se) contributes to maintaining the balance of the immune system. Neutrophils exert immune actions in several ways, including neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) that localize and capture exogenous substances. Despite the recent investigations on the toxic effects of aluminum and its molecular mechanisms, the immunotoxicity of aluminum nanoparticles on pigs and the antagonistic effect of selenium on aluminum toxicity are poorly understood. Here, we treated porcine peripheral blood neutrophils with zymosan for 3 h to induce NETs formation. Then, we investigated the effect of nanoaluminum on NETs formation in pigs and its possible molecular mechanisms. Microscopy observations revealed that NETs formation was inhibited by nanoaluminum. Using a multifunctional microplate reader, the production of extracellular DNA and the burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in porcine neutrophils were inhibited by nanoaluminum. Western blot analyses showed that nanoaluminum caused changes in amounts of cellular selenoproteins. After Se supplementation, the production of porcine NETs, the burst of ROS, and selenoprotein levels were restored. This study indicated that nanoaluminum inhibited the zymosan-induced burst of ROS and release of NETs from porcine neutrophils, possibly through the selenoprotein signaling pathway. In contrast, Se supplementation reduced the toxic effects of nanoaluminum and restored NETs formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huquan Zhu
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Siqiiu Chen
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ruobin Li
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yun Cheng
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Huanni Song
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shuiling Wu
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yueyao Zhong
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Foshan University/Quality Control Technical Center (Foshan) of National Famous and Special Agricultural Products (CAQS-GAP-KZZX043)/South China Food Safety Research Center, Foshan 528225, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Changyu Cao
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, Guangdong Province, China; Foshan University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Foshan 528225, Guangdong Province, China.
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3
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Rubenich DS, de Souza PO, Omizzollo N, Lenz GS, Sevigny J, Braganhol E. Neutrophils: fast and furious-the nucleotide pathway. Purinergic Signal 2021; 17:371-383. [PMID: 33913070 PMCID: PMC8410927 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-021-09786-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide signaling is a key element of the neutrophil activation pathway. Neutrophil recruitment and migration to injured tissues is guided by purinergic receptor sensitization, mostly induced by extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and its hydrolysis product, adenosine (ADO), which is primarily produced by the CD39-CD73 axis located at the neutrophil cell surface. In inflammation unrelated to cancer, neutrophil activation via purinergic signaling aims to eliminate antigens and promote an immune response with minimal damage to healthy tissues; however, an antagonistic response may be expected in tumors. Indeed, alterations in purinergic signaling favor the accumulation of extracellular ATP and ADO in the microenvironment of solid tumors, which promote tumor progression by inducing cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and escape from immune surveillance. Since neutrophils and their N1/N2 polarization spectrum are being considered new components of cancer-related inflammation, the participation of purinergic signaling in pro-tumor activities of neutrophils should also be considered. However, there is a lack of studies investigating purinergic signaling in human neutrophil polarization and in tumor-associated neutrophils. In this review, we discussed the human neutrophil response elicited by nucleotides in inflammation and extrapolated its behavior in the context of cancer. Understanding these mechanisms in cancerous conditions may help to identify new biological targets and therapeutic strategies, particularly regarding tumors that are refractory to traditional chemo- and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique S Rubenich
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Sarmento Leite St, 245 - Main Building - Room 304, Porto Alegre, RS, 90.050-170, Brazil
- Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul/Fundação Universitária do Instituto de Cardiologia (IC-FUC), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Priscila O de Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Sarmento Leite St, 245 - Main Building - Room 304, Porto Alegre, RS, 90.050-170, Brazil
| | - Natalia Omizzollo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Sarmento Leite St, 245 - Main Building - Room 304, Porto Alegre, RS, 90.050-170, Brazil
- Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul/Fundação Universitária do Instituto de Cardiologia (IC-FUC), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriela S Lenz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Sarmento Leite St, 245 - Main Building - Room 304, Porto Alegre, RS, 90.050-170, Brazil
- Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul/Fundação Universitária do Instituto de Cardiologia (IC-FUC), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jean Sevigny
- Département de Microbiologie-infectiologie et d'Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, QC, Québec, Canada
- Centre de Recherchedu CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, G1V4G2, Canada
| | - Elizandra Braganhol
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Sarmento Leite St, 245 - Main Building - Room 304, Porto Alegre, RS, 90.050-170, Brazil.
- Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul/Fundação Universitária do Instituto de Cardiologia (IC-FUC), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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4
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Messerer DAC, Schmidt H, Frick M, Huber-Lang M. Ion and Water Transport in Neutrophil Granulocytes and Its Impairment during Sepsis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1699. [PMID: 33567720 PMCID: PMC7914618 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil granulocytes are the vanguard of innate immunity in response to numerous pathogens. Their activity drives the clearance of microbe- and damage-associated molecular patterns, thereby contributing substantially to the resolution of inflammation. However, excessive stimulation during sepsis leads to cellular unresponsiveness, immunological dysfunction, bacterial expansion, and subsequent multiple organ dysfunction. During the short lifespan of neutrophils, they can become significantly activated by complement factors, cytokines, and other inflammatory mediators. Following stimulation, the cells respond with a defined (electro-)physiological pattern, including depolarization, calcium influx, and alkalization as well as with increased metabolic activity and polarization of the actin cytoskeleton. Activity of ion transport proteins and aquaporins is critical for multiple cellular functions of innate immune cells, including chemotaxis, generation of reactive oxygen species, and phagocytosis of both pathogens and tissue debris. In this review, we first describe the ion transport proteins and aquaporins involved in the neutrophil ion-water fluxes in response to chemoattractants. We then relate ion and water flux to cellular functions with a focus on danger sensing, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and oxidative burst and approach the role of altered ion transport protein expression and activity in impaired cellular functions and cell death during systemic inflammation as in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Alexander Christian Messerer
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, University Hospital of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany;
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Hanna Schmidt
- Institute of General Physiology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (H.S.); (M.F.)
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Manfred Frick
- Institute of General Physiology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (H.S.); (M.F.)
| | - Markus Huber-Lang
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, University Hospital of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany;
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5
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Wirsching E, Fauler M, Fois G, Frick M. P2 Purinergic Signaling in the Distal Lung in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4973. [PMID: 32674494 PMCID: PMC7404078 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The distal lung provides an intricate structure for gas exchange in mammalian lungs. Efficient gas exchange depends on the functional integrity of lung alveoli. The cells in the alveolar tissue serve various functions to maintain alveolar structure, integrity and homeostasis. Alveolar epithelial cells secrete pulmonary surfactant, regulate the alveolar surface liquid (ASL) volume and, together with resident and infiltrating immune cells, provide a powerful host-defense system against a multitude of particles, microbes and toxicants. It is well established that all of these cells express purinergic P2 receptors and that purinergic signaling plays important roles in maintaining alveolar homeostasis. Therefore, it is not surprising that purinergic signaling also contributes to development and progression of severe pathological conditions like pulmonary inflammation, acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) and pulmonary fibrosis. Within this review we focus on the role of P2 purinergic signaling in the distal lung in health and disease. We recapitulate the expression of P2 receptors within the cells in the alveoli, the possible sources of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) within alveoli and the contribution of purinergic signaling to regulation of surfactant secretion, ASL volume and composition, as well as immune homeostasis. Finally, we summarize current knowledge of the role for P2 signaling in infectious pneumonia, ALI/ARDS and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Manfred Frick
- Institute of General Physiology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (E.W.); (M.F.); (G.F.)
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6
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Young CNJ, Górecki DC. P2RX7 Purinoceptor as a Therapeutic Target-The Second Coming? Front Chem 2018; 6:248. [PMID: 30003075 PMCID: PMC6032550 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The P2RX7 receptor is a unique member of a family of extracellular ATP (eATP)-gated ion channels expressed in immune cells, where its activation triggers the inflammatory cascade. Therefore, P2RX7 has been long investigated as a target in the treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases. Subsequently, P2RX7 signaling has been documented in other physiological and pathological processes including pain, CNS and psychiatric disorders and cancer. As a result, a range of P2RX7 antagonists have been developed and trialed. Interestingly, the recent crystallization of mammalian and chicken receptors revealed that most widely-used antagonists may bind a unique allosteric site. The availability of crystal structures allows rational design of improved antagonists and modeling of binding sites of the known or presumed inhibitors. However, several unanswered questions limit the cogent development of P2RX7 therapies. Firstly, this receptor functions as an ion channel, but its chronic stimulation by high eATP causes opening of the non-selective large pore (LP), which can trigger cell death. Not only the molecular mechanism of LP opening is still not fully understood but its function(s) are also unclear. Furthermore, how can tumor cells take advantage of P2RX7 for growth and spread and yet survive overexpression of potentially cytotoxic LP in the eATP-rich environment? The recent discovery of the feedback loop, wherein the LP-evoked release of active MMP-2 triggers the receptor cleavage, provided one explanation. Another mechanism might be that of cancer cells expressing a structurally altered P2RX7 receptor, devoid of the LP function. Exploiting such mechanisms should lead to the development of new, less toxic anticancer treatments. Notably, targeted inhibition of P2RX7 is crucial as its global blockade reduces the immune and inflammatory responses, which have important anti-tumor effects in some types of malignancies. Therefore, another novel approach is the synthesis of tissue/cell specific P2RX7 antagonists. Progress has been aided by the development of p2rx7 knockout mice and new conditional knock-in and knock-out models are being created. In this review, we seek to summarize the recent advances in our understanding of molecular mechanisms of receptor activation and inhibition, which cause its re-emergence as an important therapeutic target. We also highlight the key difficulties affecting this development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris N. J. Young
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, The School of Allied Health Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Dariusz C. Górecki
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
- The General Karol Kaczkowski Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Warsaw, Poland
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7
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The function of TRP channels in neutrophil granulocytes. Pflugers Arch 2018; 470:1017-1033. [PMID: 29717355 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-018-2146-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophil granulocytes are exposed to widely varying microenvironmental conditions when pursuing their physiological or pathophysiological functions such as fighting invading bacteria or infiltrating cancer tissue. Examples for harsh environmental challenges include among others mechanical shear stress during the recruitment from the vasculature or the hypoxic and acidotic conditions within the tumor microenvironment. Chemokine gradients, reactive oxygen species, pressure, matrix elasticity, and temperature can be added to the list of potential challenges. Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels serve as cellular sensors since they respond to many of the abovementioned environmental stimuli. The present review investigates the role of TRP channels in neutrophil granulocytes and their role in regulating and adapting neutrophil function to microenvironmental cues. Following a brief description of neutrophil functions, we provide an overview of the electrophysiological characterization of neutrophilic ion channels. We then summarize the function of individual TRP channels in neutrophil granulocytes with a focus on TRPC6 and TRPM2 channels. We close the review by discussing the impact of the tumor microenvironment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) on neutrophil granulocytes. Since neutrophil infiltration into PDAC tissue contributes to disease progression, we propose neutrophilic TRP channel blockade as a potential therapeutic option.
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8
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Di Virgilio F, Sarti AC, Grassi F. Modulation of innate and adaptive immunity by P2X ion channels. Curr Opin Immunol 2018; 52:51-59. [PMID: 29631184 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2018.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular ATP is a major component of the inflammatory microenvironment where it accumulates following cell and tissue injury but also as a consequence of non-lytic release from activated inflammatory cells. In the inflammatory microenvironment ATP binds and activates nucleotide receptors of the P2Y and P2X subfamilies expressed by immune cells. P2Y receptors are G-protein-coupled, while P2X receptors are cation-selective channels. Changes in the intracellular ion homeostasis triggered by P2X receptor stimulation trigger multiple key responses crucial for initiation, propagation, and resolution of inflammation. In the P2X receptor family, the P2X7 subtype has an important role in the activation of lymphocyte, granulocyte, macrophage and dendritic cell responses. Although clinical studies have been so far rather inconclusive, it is believed that P2X7 receptor targeting might offer novel perspectives for anti-inflammatory therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Di Virgilio
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Alba Clara Sarti
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fabio Grassi
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Via Vincenzo Vela 6, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G.B. Viotti 3/5, 20133 Milan, Italy; Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Via Francesco Sforza, 35-20122 Milan, Italy.
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9
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Hassane M, Demon D, Soulard D, Fontaine J, Keller LE, Patin EC, Porte R, Prinz I, Ryffel B, Kadioglu A, Veening JW, Sirard JC, Faveeuw C, Lamkanfi M, Trottein F, Paget C. Neutrophilic NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent IL-1β secretion regulates the γδT17 cell response in respiratory bacterial infections. Mucosal Immunol 2017; 10:1056-1068. [PMID: 28051086 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2016.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally regarded as simple foot soldiers of the innate immune response limited to the eradication of pathogens, neutrophils recently emerged as more complex cells endowed with a set of immunoregulatory functions. Using a model of invasive pneumococcal disease, we highlighted an unexpected key role for neutrophils as accessory cells in innate interleukin (IL)-17A production by lung resident Vγ6Vδ1+ T cells via nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain receptor, pyrin-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome-dependent IL-1β secretion. In vivo activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in neutrophils required both host-derived and bacterial-derived signals. Elaborately, it relies on (i) alveolar macrophage-secreted TNF-α for priming and (ii) subsequent exposure to bacterial pneumolysin for activation. Interestingly, this mechanism can be translated to human neutrophils. Our work revealed the cellular and molecular dynamic events leading to γδT17 cell activation, and highlighted for the first time the existence of a fully functional NLRP3 inflammasome in lung neutrophils. This immune axis thus regulates the development of a protective host response to respiratory bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hassane
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 8204-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France.,Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement, Ecole doctorale en Sciences et Technologies/ Faculté de Santé Publique, Université Libanaise, Tripoli, Liban
| | - D Demon
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Zwijnaarde, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - D Soulard
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 8204-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - J Fontaine
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 8204-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - L E Keller
- Molecular Genetics Group, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, Centre for Synthetic Biology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - E C Patin
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 8204-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - R Porte
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 8204-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - I Prinz
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - B Ryffel
- CNRS, UMR7355, Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, University, Orléans, France and IDM, University of Cape Town, RSA
| | - A Kadioglu
- Department of Clinical Infection, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - J-W Veening
- Molecular Genetics Group, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, Centre for Synthetic Biology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J-C Sirard
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 8204-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - C Faveeuw
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 8204-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - M Lamkanfi
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Zwijnaarde, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - F Trottein
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 8204-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - C Paget
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 8204-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
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10
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Geraghty NJ, Watson D, Adhikary SR, Sluyter R. P2X7 receptor in skin biology and diseases. World J Dermatol 2016; 5:72-83. [DOI: 10.5314/wjd.v5.i2.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The P2X7 receptor is a trimeric ligand-gated cation channel present on immune and other cells. Activation of this receptor by its natural ligand extracellular adenosine triphosphate results in a variety of downstream responses, including the release of pro-inflammatory mediators and cell death. In normal skin, P2X7 is present on keratinocytes, Langerhans cells and fibroblasts, while the presence of this receptor on other cutaneous cells is mainly inferred from studies of equivalent cell types present in other tissues. Mast cells in normal skin however express negligible amounts of P2X7, which can be upregulated in cutaneous disease. This review discusses the potential significance of P2X7 in skin biology, and the role of this receptor in inflammatory skin disorders such as irritant and chronic dermatitis, psoriasis, graft-versus-host disease, as well is in wound healing, transplantation and skin cancer.
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Neutrophil P2X7 receptors mediate NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent IL-1β secretion in response to ATP. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10555. [PMID: 26877061 PMCID: PMC4756306 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 322] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although extracellular ATP is abundant at sites of inflammation, its role in activating inflammasome signalling in neutrophils is not well characterized. In the current study, we demonstrate that human and murine neutrophils express functional cell-surface P2X7R, which leads to ATP-induced loss of intracellular K+, NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL-1β secretion. ATP-induced P2X7R activation caused a sustained increase in intracellular [Ca2+], which is indicative of P2X7R channel opening. Although there are multiple polymorphic variants of P2X7R, we found that neutrophils from multiple donors express P2X7R, but with differential efficacies in ATP-induced increase in cytosolic [Ca2+]. Neutrophils were also the predominant P2X7R-expressing cells during Streptococcus pneumoniae corneal infection, and P2X7R was required for bacterial clearance. Given the ubiquitous presence of neutrophils and extracellular ATP in multiple inflammatory conditions, ATP-induced P2X7R activation and IL-1β secretion by neutrophils likely has a significant, wide ranging clinical impact. Neutrophils are a major source of IL-1 β in a number of inflammatory settings. Here the authors show that mouse and human neutrophils express functional P2X7 receptors, which mediate ATP-triggered NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL-1 ß secretion.
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Csóka B, Németh ZH, Törő G, Idzko M, Zech A, Koscsó B, Spolarics Z, Antonioli L, Cseri K, Erdélyi K, Pacher P, Haskó G. Extracellular ATP protects against sepsis through macrophage P2X7 purinergic receptors by enhancing intracellular bacterial killing. FASEB J 2015; 29:3626-3637. [PMID: 26060214 PMCID: PMC4550379 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-272450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular ATP binds to and signals through P2X7 receptors (P2X7Rs) to modulate immune function in both inflammasome-dependent and -independent manners. In this study, P2X7(-/-) mice, the pharmacological agonists ATP-magnesium salt (Mg-ATP; 100 mg/kg, EC50 ≈ 1.32 mM) and benzoylbenzoyl-ATP (Bz-ATP; 10 mg/kg, EC50 ≈ 285 μM), and antagonist oxidized ATP (oxi-ATP; 40 mg/kg, IC50 ≈ 100 μM) were used to show that P2X7R activation is crucial for the control of mortality, bacterial dissemination, and inflammation in cecal ligation and puncture-induced polymicrobial sepsis in mice. Our results with P2X7(-/-) bone marrow chimeric mice, adoptive transfer of peritoneal macrophages, and myeloid-specific P2X7(-/-) mice indicate that P2X7R signaling on macrophages is essential for the protective effect of P2X7Rs. P2X7R signaling protects through enhancing bacterial killing by macrophages, which is independent of the inflammasome. By using the connexin (Cx) channel inhibitor Gap27 (0.1 mg/kg, IC50 ≈ 0.25 μM) and pannexin channel inhibitor probenecid (10 mg/kg, IC50 ≈ 11.7 μM), we showed that ATP release through Cx is important for inhibiting inflammation and bacterial burden. In summary, targeting P2X7Rs provides a new opportunity for harnessing an endogenous protective immune mechanism in the treatment of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Csóka
- *Department of Surgery and Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA; Department of Surgery, Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, New Jersey, USA; Department of Pneumology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Zoltán H Németh
- *Department of Surgery and Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA; Department of Surgery, Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, New Jersey, USA; Department of Pneumology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Gábor Törő
- *Department of Surgery and Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA; Department of Surgery, Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, New Jersey, USA; Department of Pneumology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Marco Idzko
- *Department of Surgery and Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA; Department of Surgery, Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, New Jersey, USA; Department of Pneumology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Andreas Zech
- *Department of Surgery and Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA; Department of Surgery, Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, New Jersey, USA; Department of Pneumology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Balázs Koscsó
- *Department of Surgery and Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA; Department of Surgery, Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, New Jersey, USA; Department of Pneumology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Zoltán Spolarics
- *Department of Surgery and Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA; Department of Surgery, Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, New Jersey, USA; Department of Pneumology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Luca Antonioli
- *Department of Surgery and Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA; Department of Surgery, Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, New Jersey, USA; Department of Pneumology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Karolina Cseri
- *Department of Surgery and Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA; Department of Surgery, Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, New Jersey, USA; Department of Pneumology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Katalin Erdélyi
- *Department of Surgery and Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA; Department of Surgery, Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, New Jersey, USA; Department of Pneumology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Pál Pacher
- *Department of Surgery and Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA; Department of Surgery, Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, New Jersey, USA; Department of Pneumology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - György Haskó
- *Department of Surgery and Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA; Department of Surgery, Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, New Jersey, USA; Department of Pneumology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Pliyev BK, Ivanova AV, Savchenko VG. Extracellular NAD(+) inhibits human neutrophil apoptosis. Apoptosis 2015; 19:581-93. [PMID: 24292505 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-013-0948-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of neutrophil apoptosis plays a critical role in the inflammatory response. Inflammation has previously been shown to increase levels of extracellular β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)). The present study demonstrates that extracellular NAD(+) at concentrations found in the inflamed tissues profoundly delays spontaneous apoptosis of human neutrophils as was evidenced by inhibition of phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure, DNA fragmentation and caspase-3 activation. The effect was abrogated by NF157, an antagonist of P2Y11 receptor, and was pertussis toxin-insensitive. The NAD(+)-mediated delay of neutrophil apoptosis was reversed by 2',5'-dideoxyadenosine, an inhibitor of adenylyl cyclase, and Rp-8-Br-cAMPS, an inhibitor of type I cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA). Blocking of NAD(+)-induced influx of extracellular Ca(2+) with EGTA did not abolish the pro-survival effect of NAD(+). Extracellular NAD(+) inhibited proteasome-dependent degradation of Mcl-1 upstream of caspase activation and, furthermore, suppressed Bax translocation to the mitochondria and attenuated both dissipation of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm) and cytochrome c release from the mitochondria into the cytosol. Finally, we found that extracellular NAD(+) inhibited spontaneous activation of caspase-9, but not caspase-8, and the pro-survival effect of extracellular NAD(+) was abrogated by the inhibitor of caspase-9, but not by the inhibitor of caspase-8. Together, these results demonstrate that extracellular NAD(+) inhibits neutrophil apoptosis via P2Y11 receptor and cAMP/PKA pathway by regulating Mcl-1 level, Bax targeting to the mitochondria and mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Thus, extracellular NAD(+) acts as a neutrophil survival factor that can contribute to prolonged neutrophil lifespan in inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris K Pliyev
- Hematology Research Center, Novy Zykovsky Pr. 4, Moscow, 125167, Russia,
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Burnstock G, Boeynaems JM. Purinergic signalling and immune cells. Purinergic Signal 2014; 10:529-64. [PMID: 25352330 PMCID: PMC4272370 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-014-9427-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This review article provides a historical perspective on the role of purinergic signalling in the regulation of various subsets of immune cells from early discoveries to current understanding. It is now recognised that adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) and other nucleotides are released from cells following stress or injury. They can act on virtually all subsets of immune cells through a spectrum of P2X ligand-gated ion channels and G protein-coupled P2Y receptors. Furthermore, ATP is rapidly degraded into adenosine by ectonucleotidases such as CD39 and CD73, and adenosine exerts additional regulatory effects through its own receptors. The resulting effect ranges from stimulation to tolerance depending on the amount and time courses of nucleotides released, and the balance between ATP and adenosine. This review identifies the various receptors involved in the different subsets of immune cells and their effects on the function of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Burnstock
- Autonomic Neuroscience Centre, University College Medical School, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK,
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A P2X7 receptor antagonist attenuates experimental autoimmune myocarditis via suppressed myocardial CD4+ T and macrophage infiltration and NADPH oxidase 2/4 expression in mice. Heart Vessels 2014; 30:527-33. [PMID: 24879505 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-014-0527-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Myocarditis is a clinically serious disease; however, no effective treatment has been elucidated. The P2X7 receptor is related to the pathophysiology of inflammation in many cardiovascular diseases. The P2X7 receptor antagonist is promising as an immunosuppressive treatment; however, its role in myocarditis is still to be established. To clarify the role of the P2X7 receptor, we used a murine experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) model. Mice were immunized on day 0 and 7 with synthetic cardiac myosin peptide to establish EAM. The mice with induced EAM were treated with A740003, the P2X7 receptor antagonist (n = 10), or not treated (n = 11); hearts were harvested on day 21. The P2X7 receptor antagonist improved myocardial contraction of the EAM hearts via suppressed infiltration of CD4+ T cells and macrophages. Similarly, mRNA expression of interleukin 1 beta, the P2X7 receptor and NADPH oxidase 2/4 was lower in the heart of the P2X7 receptor antagonist-treated group compared to the non-treat group. The P2X7 receptor antagonist suppressed EAM development; thus, this inhibition is promising for treating clinical myocarditis.
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Jacob F, Novo CP, Bachert C, Van Crombruggen K. Purinergic signaling in inflammatory cells: P2 receptor expression, functional effects, and modulation of inflammatory responses. Purinergic Signal 2013; 9:285-306. [PMID: 23404828 PMCID: PMC3757148 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-013-9357-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular ATP and related nucleotides promote a wide range of pathophysiological responses via activation of cell surface purinergic P2 receptors. Almost every cell type expresses P2 receptors and/or exhibit regulated release of ATP. In this review, we focus on the purinergic receptor distribution in inflammatory cells and their implication in diverse immune responses by providing an overview of the current knowledge in the literature related to purinergic signaling in neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, lymphocytes, eosinophils, and mast cells. The pathophysiological role of purinergic signaling in these cells include among others calcium mobilization, actin polymerization, chemotaxis, release of mediators, cell maturation, cytotoxicity, and cell death. We finally discuss the therapeutic potential of P2 receptor subtype selective drugs in inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenila Jacob
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Claudina Pérez Novo
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Claus Bachert
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Koen Van Crombruggen
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Oxidative stress induced by P2X7 receptor stimulation in murine macrophages is mediated by c-Src/Pyk2 and ERK1/2. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1830:4650-9. [PMID: 23711511 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 05/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activation of ATP-gated P2X7 receptors (P2X7R) in macrophages leads to production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by a mechanism that is partially characterized. Here we used J774 cells to identify the signaling cascade that couples ROS production to receptor stimulation. METHODS J774 cells and mP2X7-transfected HEK293 cells were stimulated with Bz-ATP in the presence and absence of extracellular calcium. Protein inhibitors were used to evaluate the physiological role of various kinases in ROS production. In addition, phospho-antibodies against ERK1/2 and Pyk2 were used to determine activation of these two kinases. RESULTS ROS generation in either J774 or HEK293 cells (expressing P2X7, NOX2, Rac1, p47phox and p67phox) was strictly dependent on calcium entry via P2X7R. Stimulation of P2X7R activated Pyk2 but not calmodulin. Inhibitors of MEK1/2 and c-Src abolished ERK1/2 activation and ROS production but inhibitors of PI3K and p38 MAPK had no effect on ROS generation. PKC inhibitors abolished ERK1/2 activation but barely reduced the amount of ROS produced by Bz-ATP. In agreement, the amount of ROS produced by PMA was about half of that produced by Bz-ATP. CONCLUSIONS Purinergic stimulation resulted in calcium entry via P2X7R and subsequent activation of the PKC/c-Src/Pyk2/ERK1/2 pathway to produce ROS. This signaling mechanism did not require PI3K, p38 MAPK or calmodulin. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE ROS is generated in order to kill invading pathogens, thus elucidating the mechanism of ROS production in macrophages and other immune cells allow us to understand how our body copes with microbial infections.
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Using antibodies against P2Y and P2X receptors in purinergic signaling research. Purinergic Signal 2011; 8:61-79. [PMID: 22086554 PMCID: PMC3265709 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-011-9278-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The broad expression pattern of the G protein-coupled P2Y receptors has demonstrated that these receptors are fundamental determinants in many physiological responses, including neuromodulation, vasodilation, inflammation, and cell migration. P2Y receptors couple either G(q) or G(i) upon activation, thereby activating different signaling pathways. Ionotropic ATP (P2X) receptors bind extracellular nucleotides, a signal which is transduced within the P2X protein complex into a cation channel opening, which usually leads to intracellular calcium concentration elevation. As such, this family of proteins initiates or shapes several cellular processes including synaptic transmission, gene expression, proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. The ever-growing range of applications for antibodies in the last 30 years attests to their major role in medicine and biological research. Antibodies have been used as therapeutic tools in cancer and inflammatory diseases, as diagnostic reagents (flow cytometry, ELISA, and immunohistochemistry, to name a few applications), and in widespread use in biological research, including Western blot, immunoprecipitation, and ELISPOT. In this article, we will showcase several of the advances that scientists around the world have achieved using the line of antibodies developed at Alomone Labs for P2Y and P2X receptors.
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Arulkumaran N, Unwin RJ, Tam FW. A potential therapeutic role for P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) antagonists in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2011; 20:897-915. [PMID: 21510825 PMCID: PMC3114873 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2011.578068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) has an important role in inflammation and immunity, but until recently, clinical application has been limited by a lack of specific antagonists. Recent studies using P2X7R knockout mice and specific receptor antagonists have shown that the P2X7R is an important therapeutic target in inflammatory diseases. AREAS COVERED We have reviewed the current literature on the role of the P2X7R in inflammatory diseases, focusing on potential therapeutic applications of selective P2X7R antagonists as anti-inflammatory agents. Particular emphasis has been placed on the potential role of P2X7R in common inflammatory diseases. The latest developments in Phase I and II clinical trials of P2X7R antagonists are covered. EXPERT OPINION Recent studies using gene knockout mice and selective P2X7R antagonists suggest that P2X7R is a viable therapeutic target for inflammatory diseases. However, efficacious P2X7R antagonists for use in clinical studies are still at an early stage of development. Future challenges include: identifying potential toxicity and side effects of treatment, timing of treatment initiation and its duration in chronic inflammatory conditions, optimum dosage and development of a functional assay for P2X7R that would help to guide treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishkantha Arulkumaran
- Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Renal Section, Department of Medicine, London, UK
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Gendaszewska-Darmach E, Kucharska M. Nucleotide receptors as targets in the pharmacological enhancement of dermal wound healing. Purinergic Signal 2011; 7:193-206. [PMID: 21519856 PMCID: PMC3146642 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-011-9233-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2010] [Accepted: 04/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
With a growing interest of the involvement of extracellular nucleotides in both normal physiology and pathology, it has become evident that P2 receptor agonists and antagonists may have therapeutic potential. The P2Y2 receptor agonists (diquafosol tetrasodium and denufosol tetrasodium) are in the phase 3 of clinical trials for dry eye and cystic fibrosis, respectively. The thienopyridine derivatives clopidogrel and ticlopidine (antagonists of the platelet P2Y12 receptor) have been used in cardiovascular medicine for nearly a decade. Purines and pyrimidines may be of therapeutic potential also in wound healing since ATP and UTP have been shown to have many hallmarks of wound healing factors. Recent studies have demonstrated that extracellular nucleotides take part in all phases of wound repair: hemostasis, inflammation, tissue formation, and tissue remodeling. This review is focused on the potent purines and pyrimidines which regulate many physiological processes important for wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Gendaszewska-Darmach
- Institute of Technical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Technical University of Lodz, Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924, Lodz, Poland,
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