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Picón-Jaimes YA, Lozada-Martinez ID, Orozco-Chinome JE, Molina-Franky J, Bolaño-Romero MP, Fiorillo-Moreno O. Knowledge and attitudes of health professionals in Chile towards people living with human immunodeficiency virus: A cross-national survey. Int J STD AIDS 2024; 35:39-47. [PMID: 37729951 DOI: 10.1177/09564624231203741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: People living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) often experience discrimination from both other individuals and the health personnel who care for them. Chile has experienced a marked increase in the number of new HIV cases.Methods: Prospective cross-sectional study. The HIV/AIDS questionnaire for providers and health personnel was obtained from the International Planned Parenthood Federation, initially carrying out a pilot test and evaluating its validity.Results: A total of 784 health professionals answered the questionnaire correctly. Among them, 68.4% (n = 536) were women, and 36.2% (n = 284) were physicians. The study revealed that more than 90% of respondents had a positive attitude towards caring for people living with HIV, and more than 75% did not mind buying food from them or sharing services with them. Furthermore, more than 99% rejected the religiously endorsed labeling of people living with HIV/AIDS as immoral. Additionally, 95.5% (n = 749) mentioned that they did not feel anxious about knowing whether the next patient on their care list was living with HIV, and 76.9% (n = 603) of the respondents felt safe taking blood samples.Conclusions: Chilean health professionals have good knowledge about HIV infection and its mode transmission. Their attitudes towards people living with HIV are also generally positive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelson Alejandro Picón-Jaimes
- Fac Ciències Salut Blanquerna, Universidad Ramon Llul, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro Medico Medicien, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Ivan David Lozada-Martinez
- Epidemiology Program, Department of Graduate Studies in Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | | | - Jessica Molina-Franky
- Department of Inmunology and Theranostics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
- Molecular Biology and Inmunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Maria Paz Bolaño-Romero
- Medical and Surgical Research Center, Future Surgeons Chapter, Colombian Surgery Association, Bogotá, Colombia
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Aziz MM, Abdelrheem SS, Mohammed HM. Stigma and discrimination against people living with HIV by health care providers in Egypt. BMC Health Serv Res 2023; 23:663. [PMID: 37340396 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-09676-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE HIV/AIDS has been recently increasingly observed in developing countries including Egypt. This study aimed to explore stigma and discrimination attitudes of health care providers (HCPs) in Egypt, as elimination of stigma in healthcare settings is a priority to improve case detection and management. METHODS A Google form questionnaire using the validated Arabic version of Health Care Provider HIV/AIDS Stigma Scale (HPASS) was sent to physicians and nurses of Ministry of health (MOH) hospitals and University hospitals in 10 randomly selected Governorates in Egypt. Data was collected from July to August, 2022 from 1577 physicians and 787 nurses. Bivariate and multivariable linear regression analyses were used to identify the predictors of the stigmatizing attitude of HCPs towards People living with HIV (PLHIV). RESULTS The majority of HCPs had worries about contracting HIV infection from their patients (75.8% of physicians and 77% of nurses). They believed that protective measures are not good enough to protect them from getting infected (73.9% of physicians and 74.7% of nurses). About half of the participants had worries about the safety of performing blood investigations to PLHIV (54% of physicians and 59.9% of nurses). Less than half of HCPs believed they have the right to refuse providing care to patients to protect themselves (44.6% of physicians and 50.1% of nurses). Only 10.5% of physicians and 11.9% of nurses have previously refused to provide health care to PLHIV. There was a significantly higher mean score of prejudice and stereotype among nurses compared to physicians (prejudice; 27.34 ± 7.88 vs 26.17 ± 7.5, stereotype; 18.54 ± 4.61 vs 16.43 ± 5.21, for nurses and physicians, respectively). Less years of physicians' experience (B = -0.10, p < 0.01) and rural residence (B = 1.48, p < 0.05) were significantly associated with higher prejudice score while having lower qualification (B = -1.47, p < 0.001) was significantly associated with higher stereotype score. CONCLUSION Standards of practice should be developed to adjust the services and prepare HCPs to provide medical care free from stigma and discrimination against PLHIV. Improving knowledge of HCPs regarding the methods of transmission of HIV, the use of infection control measures and the emotional factors shaping lives of PLHIV should be targeted through updated training programs. More concern should be directed to young providers in the training programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirette M Aziz
- Department of Public Health & Community Medicine, Assiut University, Asyut, 71515, Arab Republic of Egypt.
| | - Shaimaa S Abdelrheem
- Department of Public Health & Community Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
- Armed Forces College of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba M Mohammed
- Department of Public Health & Community Medicine, Assiut University, Asyut, 71515, Arab Republic of Egypt
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El Ansari W, Arafa M, Elbardisi H, Majzoub A, Mahdi M, Albakr A, AlRumaihi K, Al Ansari A. Scoping review of sexual and reproductive healthcare for men in the MENA (Middle East and North Africa) region: a handful of paradoxes? BMC Public Health 2023; 23:564. [PMID: 36973770 PMCID: PMC10040932 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14716-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 03/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background No study appraised the knowledge gaps and factors impacting men’s sexual and reproductive health (SRH) in MENA (Middle East and North Africa). The current scoping review undertook this task. Methods We searched PubMed and Web of Science (WoS) electronic databases for original articles on men’s SRH published from MENA. Data was extracted from the selected articles and mapped out employing the WHO framework for operationalising SRH. Analyses and data synthesis identified the factors impacting on men’s experiences of and access to SRH. Results A total of 98 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. The majority of studies focused on HIV and other sexually transmissible infections (67%); followed by comprehensive education and information (10%); contraception counselling/provision (9%); sexual function and psychosexual counselling (5%); fertility care (8%); and gender-based violence prevention, support/care (1%). There were no studies on antenatal/intrapartum/postnatal care and on safe abortion care (0% for both). Conceptually, there was lack of knowledge of the different domains of men’s SRH, with negative attitudes, and many misconceptions; as well as a deficiency of health system policies, strategies and interventions for SRH. Conclusion Men’s SRH is not sufficiently prioritized. We observed five ‘paradoxes’: strong focus on HIV/AIDS, when MENA has low prevalence of HIV; weak focus on both fertility and sexual dysfunctions, despite their high prevalence in MENA; no publications on men’s involvement in sexual gender-based violence, despite its frequency across MENA; no studies of men’s involvement in antenatal/intrapartum/postnatal care, despite the international literature valuing such involvement; and, many studies identifying lack of SRH knowledge, but no publications on policies and strategies addressing such shortcoming. These ‘mismatches’ suggest the necessity for efforts to enhance the education of the general population and healthcare workers, as well as improvements across MENA health systems, with future research examining their effects on men’s SRH. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-14716-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid El Ansari
- grid.413548.f0000 0004 0571 546XDepartment of Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- grid.412603.20000 0004 0634 1084College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- grid.416973.e0000 0004 0582 4340Weill Cornell Medicine – Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohamed Arafa
- grid.416973.e0000 0004 0582 4340Weill Cornell Medicine – Qatar, Doha, Qatar
- grid.413548.f0000 0004 0571 546XUrology Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- grid.7776.10000 0004 0639 9286Andrology Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Haitham Elbardisi
- grid.412603.20000 0004 0634 1084College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- grid.416973.e0000 0004 0582 4340Weill Cornell Medicine – Qatar, Doha, Qatar
- grid.413548.f0000 0004 0571 546XUrology Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ahmad Majzoub
- grid.416973.e0000 0004 0582 4340Weill Cornell Medicine – Qatar, Doha, Qatar
- grid.413548.f0000 0004 0571 546XUrology Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammed Mahdi
- grid.413548.f0000 0004 0571 546XUrology Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ahmed Albakr
- grid.413548.f0000 0004 0571 546XUrology Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Khalid AlRumaihi
- grid.412603.20000 0004 0634 1084College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- grid.416973.e0000 0004 0582 4340Weill Cornell Medicine – Qatar, Doha, Qatar
- grid.413548.f0000 0004 0571 546XUrology Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdulla Al Ansari
- grid.413548.f0000 0004 0571 546XDepartment of Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- grid.416973.e0000 0004 0582 4340Weill Cornell Medicine – Qatar, Doha, Qatar
- grid.413548.f0000 0004 0571 546XUrology Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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Karbasi A, Fordjuoh J, Abbas M, Iloegbu C, Patena J, Adenikinju D, Vieira D, Gyamfi J, Peprah E. An Evolving HIV Epidemic in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Region: A Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3844. [PMID: 36900856 PMCID: PMC10001308 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20053844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region is severely understudied despite the region's increase in new HIV infections since 2010. A key population that is particularly affected, due to the lack of adequate knowledge and proper interventional implementation, includes people who inject drugs (PWID). Furthermore, the paucity of HIV data (prevalence and trends) worsens an already critical situation in this region. A scoping review was conducted to address the scarcity of information and to synthesize the available data on HIV prevalence rates within the key population of PWID throughout the MENA region. Information was sourced from major public health databases and world health reports. Of the 1864 articles screened, 40 studies discussed the various factors contributing to the under-reporting of HIV data in the MENA region among PWID. High and overlapping risk behaviors were cited as the most prevalent reason why HIV trends were incomprehensible and hard to characterize among PWID, followed by lack of service utilization, lack of intervention-based programs, cultural norms, lack of advanced HIV surveillance systems, and protracted humanitarian emergencies. Overall, the lack of reported information limits any adequate response to the growing and unknown HIV trends throughout the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvin Karbasi
- Global Health Program, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, ISEE Lab, NYU School of Global Public Health, 708 Broadway, 4th FL, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Judy Fordjuoh
- Global Health Program, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, ISEE Lab, NYU School of Global Public Health, 708 Broadway, 4th FL, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Mentalla Abbas
- Global Health Program, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, ISEE Lab, NYU School of Global Public Health, 708 Broadway, 4th FL, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Chukwuemeka Iloegbu
- Global Health Program, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, ISEE Lab, NYU School of Global Public Health, 708 Broadway, 4th FL, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - John Patena
- Global Health Program, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, ISEE Lab, NYU School of Global Public Health, 708 Broadway, 4th FL, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Deborah Adenikinju
- Global Health Program, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, ISEE Lab, NYU School of Global Public Health, 708 Broadway, 4th FL, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Dorice Vieira
- Global Health Program, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, ISEE Lab, NYU School of Global Public Health, 708 Broadway, 4th FL, New York, NY 10003, USA
- NYU Health Sciences Library, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 577 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Joyce Gyamfi
- Global Health Program, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, ISEE Lab, NYU School of Global Public Health, 708 Broadway, 4th FL, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Emmanuel Peprah
- Global Health Program, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, ISEE Lab, NYU School of Global Public Health, 708 Broadway, 4th FL, New York, NY 10003, USA
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Al-Ghazali RH, Barhoom ES, Dahdah KA, Basalem KS, Mugibel TA, Sumaily KM, Sabi EM, Mujamammi AH, Ben Salman SM, Bin Dahman LS. Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perception towards COVID-19 among Medical Students in Yemen: A Cross-Sectional Survey. Infect Dis Rep 2022; 14:841-854. [PMID: 36412744 PMCID: PMC9680230 DOI: 10.3390/idr14060086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous measures have been taken to slow the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) rapid spread. Such population control techniques may have a substantial impact on people’s attitudes, knowledge, and perception of COVID-19. This web-based cross-sectional survey aimed to assess Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices (KAP) towards COVID-19 among Hadhramout University Medical Students in Yemen from 15 June to 26 June 2020. This survey was performed using social media via the Google Platform among 422 Hadhramout University Medical students. After consenting, participants completed an online survey assessing sociodemographic data, 21 knowledge items, 15 attitudes items, and 5 perception items towards COVID-19. Of the total 422 participants, 389 (92.18%) were surveyed online, and 256 (65.8%) were females, and 133 (34.2%) were males aged 19-24 years (88.7%), studying medicine (58.9%), and living in urban areas (80.7%). The survey revealed that 64.0% of participants had good knowledge about the disease and 52.7% had positive attitudes towards protective measures against the virus. The majority of participants (98.2%) thought that the virus was transmitted through nasal droplets, and 59.6% agreed that the disease is dangerous. The majority of participants agreed that fever (99.2%), dry cough (97.9%), and difficulty breathing (99.5%) are the most common symptoms of the disease. The survey also showed high knowledge levels about preventive measures against the virus spreading, such as regular proper hand hygiene (99.7%), maintaining an appropriate distance (99.2%), avoiding touching eyes and nose (98.7%), and wearing facemasks in public places (97.4%). Moreover, 69.7% of participants agreed to be isolated at home if they got an infected person, 64.3% implemented washing hands with soap and water, 41.9% agreed to be separated at the hospital until they proved free from the disease, 46.0% agreed to inform the health authorities if they had any symptoms associated with the disease. By using sample T-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA), mean knowledge score about COVID-19 was significantly higher in males than in females (p = 0.029). Additionally, medicine students had significantly higher mean knowledge score than students of medical laboratory (p < 0.001) and nursing (p = 0.008). In general, our research revealed that participants had favorable opinions regarding the disease’s preventative measures and a good awareness of it. However, more educational initiatives and campaigns that take into account KAP modifying elements are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruqaiah H. Al-Ghazali
- College of Medicine, Hadhramout University, Mukalla 50511, Yemen
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +967-776-191-453
| | - Eman S. Barhoom
- College of Medicine, Hadhramout University, Mukalla 50511, Yemen
| | - Khawla A. Dahdah
- College of Medicine, Hadhramout University, Mukalla 50511, Yemen
| | | | - Tayba A. Mugibel
- College of Medicine, Hadhramout University, Mukalla 50511, Yemen
| | - Khalid M. Sumaily
- Clinical Biochemistry Unit, Pathology Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Essa M. Sabi
- Clinical Biochemistry Unit, Pathology Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed H. Mujamammi
- Clinical Biochemistry Unit, Pathology Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh M. Ben Salman
- Chef Consultant of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Department, Johanniterkankenhaus Stendal Holunderweg University, 539576 Stendal, Germany
| | - Lotfi S. Bin Dahman
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Hadhramout University, Mukalla 50511, Yemen
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Al-Ghazali RH, Barhoom ES, Dahdah KA, Basalem KS, Mugibel TA, Sumaily KM, Sabi EM, Mujamammi AH, Ben Salman SM, Bin Dahman LS. Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perception towards COVID-19 among Medical Students in Yemen: A Cross-Sectional Survey. Infect Dis Rep 2022; 14:841-854. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.3390/idr14060086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous measures have been taken to slow the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) rapid spread. Such population control techniques may have a substantial impact on people’s attitudes, knowledge, and perception of COVID-19. This web-based cross-sectional survey aimed to assess Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices (KAP) towards COVID-19 among Hadhramout University Medical Students in Yemen from 15 June to 26 June 2020. This survey was performed using social media via the Google Platform among 422 Hadhramout University Medical students. After consenting, participants completed an online survey assessing sociodemographic data, 21 knowledge items, 15 attitudes items, and 5 perception items towards COVID-19. Of the total 422 participants, 389 (92.18%) were surveyed online, and 256 (65.8%) were females, and 133 (34.2%) were males aged 19-24 years (88.7%), studying medicine (58.9%), and living in urban areas (80.7%). The survey revealed that 64.0% of participants had good knowledge about the disease and 52.7% had positive attitudes towards protective measures against the virus. The majority of participants (98.2%) thought that the virus was transmitted through nasal droplets, and 59.6% agreed that the disease is dangerous. The majority of participants agreed that fever (99.2%), dry cough (97.9%), and difficulty breathing (99.5%) are the most common symptoms of the disease. The survey also showed high knowledge levels about preventive measures against the virus spreading, such as regular proper hand hygiene (99.7%), maintaining an appropriate distance (99.2%), avoiding touching eyes and nose (98.7%), and wearing facemasks in public places (97.4%). Moreover, 69.7% of participants agreed to be isolated at home if they got an infected person, 64.3% implemented washing hands with soap and water, 41.9% agreed to be separated at the hospital until they proved free from the disease, 46.0% agreed to inform the health authorities if they had any symptoms associated with the disease. By using sample T-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA), mean knowledge score about COVID-19 was significantly higher in males than in females (p = 0.029). Additionally, medicine students had significantly higher mean knowledge score than students of medical laboratory (p < 0.001) and nursing (p = 0.008). In general, our research revealed that participants had favorable opinions regarding the disease’s preventative measures and a good awareness of it. However, more educational initiatives and campaigns that take into account KAP modifying elements are needed.
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Galal YS, Khairy WA, Mohamed R, Esmat G, Negm M, Alaty WHA, Saeed MA, Fouad R, Elzahaby AA, Zaky S, Sakr MA, Cordie A. HIV-related stigma and discrimination by healthcare workers in Egypt. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2022; 116:636-644. [DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trab188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
HIV-related stigma and discrimination (SAD) have imposed serious adverse health consequences on people living with HIV (PLHIV), including limited access to medical care and delayed diagnosis, which in turn limits the prevention and control of the disease. This study was conducted to explore the stigmatizing attitudes and behaviors of healthcare workers (HCWs) towards HIV patients and PLHIV.
Methods
A cross-sectional study targeted HCWs who attended the United Conference of Hepatogastroenterology and Infectious Diseases that was held on 25–28 September 2019 in Cairo governorate. A self-administrated questionnaire was completed by 359 HCWs.
Results
The majority of HCWs reported some discriminatory practices when rendering care to HIV patients, with nurses showing the highest significant number of discriminatory practices. A considerable proportion of HCWs reported witnessing HIV-related SAD at their health facilities.
Conclusions
HIV-related SAD was prevalent among HCWs. Hence, HIV-related training relevant to the needs of different groups of HCWs is recommended. Provision of infection control supplies to protect against occupational exposure is also needed. The setting and enforcement of anti-stigma policies and guidelines in various healthcare settings are crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine Samir Galal
- Public Health and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University , Cairo, Egypt
| | - Walaa Ahmed Khairy
- Public Health and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University , Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rahma Mohamed
- Endemic Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University , Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gamal Esmat
- Endemic Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University , Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Negm
- Kasr Al Ainy Viral Hepatitis Center, Cairo University , Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Maysaa A Saeed
- Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University , Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rabab Fouad
- Endemic Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University , Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amgad Ali Elzahaby
- Hepato-Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University , Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samy Zaky
- Hepato-Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University , Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Sakr
- Tropical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, AinShams University , Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Cordie
- Endemic Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University , Cairo, Egypt
- Infectious Diseases Department, Armed Forces College of Medicine , Cairo, Egypt
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Bahar Z, Cal A, Beser A, Cavusoglu F, Deveci A, Badur S, Bahar IH. A study on the adaptation of the HIV/AIDS-related Stigma Scale into Turkish. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2022; 58:509-517. [PMID: 34878644 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to test the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the HIV/AIDS-related Stigma Scale. DESIGN AND METHODS The study has a methodological design. The sample included a total of 428 participants. of the participants, 198 were HIV/AIDS patients, 230 were HIV-negative individuals. The data were analyzed using the Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis. FINDINGS The Turkish version of the HIV/AIDS-related Stigma Scale was found to be valid and reliable for the Turkish society. Cronbach's α was 0.93 for the community perspectives subscale and 0.89 for the patient perspectives subscale, and all the model fit indices were acceptable. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS The level of stigmatization revealed by the scale helps gain an insight into the community and patient perspectives on HIV/AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuhal Bahar
- Department of Nursing, Istanbul Aydin University, School of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayse Cal
- Department of Nursing, Ankara Medipol University School of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayse Beser
- Department of Public Health Nursing, Koc University, Faculty of Nursing, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Figen Cavusoglu
- Department of Public Health Nursing, Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Aydin Deveci
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Medicine, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Selim Badur
- Vaccines Scientific Affairs and Public Health, GSK, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ismail Hakki Bahar
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cyprus Science University, Kyrenia North, Cyprus
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Hegazy AA, Seddik SA. Knowledge, attitude and response preparedness to COVID-19: An Egyptian tertiary public hospital client perspective. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE MANAGEMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/20479700.2022.2035574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amira Aly Hegazy
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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OUP accepted manuscript. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2022; 116:868-873. [DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trac028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Lu X, Huang H, Khoshnood K, Koniak-Griffin D, Wang H, Yang M. Ethical Decision-making of Health Professionals Caring for People Living with HIV/AIDS in Hunan, China: A Qualitative Study. INQUIRY: THE JOURNAL OF HEALTH CARE ORGANIZATION, PROVISION, AND FINANCING 2022; 59:469580221127789. [DOI: 10.1177/00469580221127789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Numerous ethical issues surged the moment acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) was discovered. As advocates of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), health professionals encounter many ethical dilemmas in clinical practice. However, it remains unclear how health professionals solve these issues. The descriptive qualitative research was conducted through semi-structured interviews with 22 health professionals from May to August 2018. Three themes emerged from data analyses of the interviews: (1) real ethical dilemma experienced by health professionals, (2) factors influencing ethical judgment, (3) ethical motivations. About two-thirds of participants failed to recall ethical dilemmas experienced in their clinical practice. Emotions, gender, occupation, and difficulty balancing different roles may influence the ethical judgments of health professionals. In the ethical decision-making (EDM) process, most participants took other people’s interests into consideration and conformed to law and professional codes of conduct. However, the fear of medical disputes (conflicts with families and others) was experienced by many participants, influencing their ethical behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Lu
- Xiang Ya Nursing School of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hangyu Huang
- Xiang Ya Nursing School of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | | | | | - Honghong Wang
- Xiang Ya Nursing School of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Min Yang
- Xiang Ya Nursing School of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Handayani S, Maidin A, Birawida AB, Suriah S, Ansariadi A, Indriasari R, Stang S. Determinants Model in Reducing HIV-Related Stigma in Health care Workers: A Systematic Review. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.6490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The stigma accepted by people living with HIV (PLWHA) is a major obstacle in HIV prevention, especially from health workers.
Aims: This study aims to determine the factors associated with HIV stigma among health workers.
Methods: This systematic review was conducted using the 2015 PRISMA guidelines. All publications by reading the title and abstract. In the final screening stage, the authors read the full text of the remainder of the article and held back studies that were consistent with inclusion criteria, focusing on HIV-related stigma determinants published in 2010-2020.
Results: The stigma that comes from health workers to PLWHA can come from personal beliefs or a lack of personal confidence, which can be derived from self-confidence, self-confidence, knowledge, working time, and institutional support or policies from the workplace that create discriminatory behavior when dealing with PLWHA. The created stigma can reduce social interactions and the quality of life of PLWHA.
Conclusion: It is important to find determinants to formulate appropriate intervention plans in reducing HIV-related stigma, especially among health workers.
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Increased Work Experience Associated with Less Stigmatizing Attitudes towards People Living with HIV among Thai Healthcare Personnel. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18189830. [PMID: 34574754 PMCID: PMC8465955 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
HIV-related stigma in health facilities has been suggested as a primary target for HIV-related stigma reduction. The objective of this study was to describe negative attitudes among Thai healthcare personnel (HCP) toward PLHIV. This nationwide probability sampled survey was conducted in 2019 in 12 provinces in Thailand and Bangkok, the capital. Participants were considered to have stigmatizing attitudes toward PLHIV if they had a stigmatizing view in response to at least one of the four questions. Eighty-two percent of the 3056 respondents had at least one stigmatizing attitude. Younger HCP, ages < 30 (AOR = 1.60; 95%CI: 1.18–2.18) and 30–39 (AOR = 1.60; 95%CI: 1.21–2.12) were more likely to have stigmatizing attitudes towards PLHIV compared to those aged 50 and older. Being support staff, support-clinical (AOR = 1.89; 95%CI: 1.44–2.49) and support-nonclinical (AOR = 1.71; 95%CI: 1.24–2.36) as opposed to professional staff also increased the likelihood of having stigmatizing attitudes. Stigma was also more likely to be present in HCPs who did not work at HIV-focused clinics (AOR = 1.97; 95%CI: 1.57–2.48). HCP who had more work experience, especially related to PLHIV care, were less likely to have stigmatizing attitudes. These personnel could be good peer educators or role models for a stigma reduction campaign within their healthcare facilities.
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Mohamed R, Cordie A, Lazarus JV, Esmat G. Micro-elimination of hepatitis C among people living with HIV in Egypt. Liver Int 2021; 41:1445-1447. [PMID: 34139062 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rahma Mohamed
- Endemic Medicine Department, Cairo University Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt.,Kasr Al-Aini HIV and Viral Hepatitis Fighting Group, Cairo University Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Cordie
- Endemic Medicine Department, Cairo University Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt.,Kasr Al-Aini HIV and Viral Hepatitis Fighting Group, Cairo University Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Jeffrey V Lazarus
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gamal Esmat
- Endemic Medicine Department, Cairo University Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt
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15
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Daw MA, Ahmed MO. Epidemiological characterization and geographic distribution of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome infection in North African countries. World J Virol 2021; 10:69-85. [PMID: 33816152 PMCID: PMC7995411 DOI: 10.5501/wjv.v10.i2.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a major global public health concern. North African countries carry a disproportionate burden of HIV representing one of the highest rates in Africa.
AIM To characterize the epidemiological and spatial trends of HIV infection in this region.
METHODS A systematic review was carried out on all the published data regarding HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in North African countries over ten years (2008-2017) following the PRISMA guidelines. We performed a comprehensive literature search using Medline PubMed, Embase, regional and international databases, and country-level reports with no language restriction. The quality, quantity, and geographic coverage of the data were assessed at both the national and regional levels. We used random-effects methods, spatial variables, and stratified results by demographic factors. Only original data on the prevalence of HIV infection were included and independently evaluated by professional epidemiologists.
RESULTS A total of 721 records were identified but only 41 that met the criteria were included in the meta-analysis. There was considerable variability in the prevalence estimates of HIV within the countries of the region. The overall prevalence of HIV ranged from 0.9% [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.8-1.27] to 3.8% (95%CI 1.17-6.53). The highest prevalence was associated with vulnerable groups and particularly drug abusers and sexually promiscuous individuals. The dense HIV clustering noted varied from one country to another. At least 13 HIV subtypes and recombinant forms were prevalent in the region. Subtype B was the most common variant, followed by CRF02_AG.
CONCLUSION This comprehensive review indicates that HIV infection in North African countries is an increasing threat. Effective national and regional strategies are needed to improve monitoring and control of HIV transmission, with particular emphasis on geographic variability and HIV clustering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Daw
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli cc82668, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Mohamed O Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli cc82668, Tripoli, Libya
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16
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Arefaynie M, Damtie Y, Kefale B, Yalew M. Predictors of Discrimination Towards People Living with HIV/AIDS Among People Aged 15–49 Years in Ethiopia: A Multilevel Analysis. HIV AIDS (Auckl) 2021; 13:283-292. [PMID: 33758550 PMCID: PMC7979683 DOI: 10.2147/hiv.s299812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mastewal Arefaynie
- Department of Reproductive and Family Health, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
- Correspondence: Mastewal Arefaynie Department of Reproductive and Family Health, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, EthiopiaTel +251 912867518 Email
| | - Yitayish Damtie
- Department of Reproductive and Family Health, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Bereket Kefale
- Department of Reproductive and Family Health, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Melaku Yalew
- Department of Reproductive and Family Health, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
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17
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Abdel Wahed WY, Hefzy EM, Ahmed MI, Hamed NS. Assessment of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perception of Health Care Workers Regarding COVID-19, A Cross-Sectional Study from Egypt. J Community Health 2020; 45:1242-1251. [PMID: 32638199 PMCID: PMC7340762 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-020-00882-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at the frontline defense against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Inadequate knowledge and incorrect attitudes among HCWs can directly influence practices and lead to delayed diagnosis, poor infection control practice, and spread of disease. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, perception, and attitude of the Egyptian HCWs towards the COVID-19 disease. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Egypt, among 407 HCWs using a self-administered questionnaire. The mean correct answer rate was 80.4% with a mean knowledge score of 18.5 ± 2.7 out of 24. A positive correlation between knowledge and attitude scores was detected (r = 0.215, p < 0.001). About 83.1% of our participants reported that they were afraid of being infected with COVID-19, and 89.2% stated that they were more susceptible to COVID-19 infection as compared to others. Unavailability of personal protective equipment (PPE), fear of transmitting the disease to their families, and social stigma were the most frequently reported reasons for increased risk perception. The overall knowledge level of HCWs was generally good especially among physicians. A positive attitude was detected among allied health professionals more than physicians. Risk perception was high among HCWs. Causes of increased risk perception need to considered by the government and the Egyptian Ministry of Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafaa Yousif Abdel Wahed
- Public Health and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt.
| | - Enas Mamdouh Hefzy
- Microbiological Department, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Mona Ibrahim Ahmed
- Chest Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Nashwa Sayed Hamed
- Public Health and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
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18
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Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been recognized as a pandemic by the World Health Organization. Global efforts have been exerted to prevent the spreading of the disease through political decisions together with personal behaviors, which depend on awareness of the public. The goal of this study is to assess the knowledge, perceptions and attitude of the Egyptian public towards the COVID-19 disease. We conducted a cross-sectional survey about these points, which was distributed among adult Egyptians. Five hundred and fifty nine persons completed the survey. The mean knowledge score was 16.39 out of 23, gained mainly though social media (66.9%), and the internet (58.3%). Knowledge was significantly lower among older, less educated, lower income participants, and rural residents. Most participants (86.9%) were concerned about the risk of infection. While 37.6% thought that their salary will be continued if they become isolated, 68.5% believed that it should be continued during this period. About 73.0% were looking forward to get the vaccine when available. In general, participants had a good knowledge about the disease and a positive attitude towards protective measures. This knowledge is gained mainly through novel media channels, which have pros and cons. Although the government has taken major steps to educate the public and limit the spread of the disease, more effort is needed to educate and support the lower economic strata. If a vaccine or a treatment is approved, we recommend a government control over its use to preserve the rights of the vulnerable and needy groups.
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Koseoglu Ornek O, Tabak F, Mete B. Stigma in Hospital: an examination of beliefs and attitudes towards HIV/AIDS patients, Istanbul. AIDS Care 2020; 32:1045-1051. [PMID: 32449413 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2020.1769833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
HIV/AIDS-related stigma remains a crucial public health problem in the world. Unfortunately, health provider staffs such as nurses and physicians are the major source of stigmatization and discrimination against peoples living with HIV (PLHIVs) including in Turkey. The aim of this study was to assess HIV-related stigma towards to PLHIV by nurses and physicians and to examine related factors. Descriptive Assessment Form and the HIV-Related Stigma Scale used for data collection. The study consisted of 405 health workers including 251 nurses and 154 physicians. Over 86% of physicians and 69.3% of nurses had no specific education about HIV. More than 11% of the nurses and 8.4% of the physicians expressed that HIV can be transmitted with handshaking or breathing in a shared environment. Fear-driven stigma was significantly different by age, education, occupation, and work experience. Over 14% of the discrimination (Adjusted R 2 = .14 F(15-389) = 4.46 P = .000), and 10% of the disclosure were explained by the variables (Adjusted R 2 = .10 F(15-389) = 4.29 P = .000). The discrimination dimension had a strong positive relationship with the knowledge of HIV transmission modes. In our view, if physicians and nurses receive adequate and comprehensive training on HIV including stigma, the formations of stigma may be prevented and may not develop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Koseoglu Ornek
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology & NetTeaching Unit, Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine; University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul Bilgi University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fehmi Tabak
- Faculty of Medicine, Head of Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Birgul Mete
- Faculty of Medicine, Head of Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Istanbul, Turkey
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20
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Khalil A, Shaltout M, Costa S. Identifying Opportunity for Online Education to Address HIV/HCV Knowledge Gaps in Health Professionals and Students in Egypt. Ann Glob Health 2018. [PMID: 30779503 PMCID: PMC6748228 DOI: 10.29024/aogh.2388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
HCV prevalence rates in Egypt are high. While low, HIV prevalence rates may be underreported. Adequate solutions to address these public health challenges are lacking. Stigma, misperceptions, and lack of specialized skills to deal with infection are persistent impediments. To address these challenges, we propose a plan that incorporates the use of online education and hybrid formats to meet the needs in the field. Online education has been used with success elsewhere in the Mediterranean and Middle East. Given the difficult economic conditions in Egypt and physical challenges of traditional formats of education, we propose a plan, curricular elements, and education tracking process as a strategy to improve the knowledge capacity of health professionals and students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Khalil
- Department of Physical Therapy for Biomechanics, Cairo University, Cairo, EG
| | | | - Sergio Costa
- Center for Sstems and Community Design, City University of New York, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York, US
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21
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Khalil A, Shaltout M, Costa S. Identifying Opportunity for Online Education to Address HIV/HCV Knowledge Gaps in Health Professionals and Students in Egypt. Ann Glob Health 2018; 84:580-583. [PMID: 30779503 DOI: 10.9204/aogh.2388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
HCV prevalence rates in Egypt are high. While low, HIV prevalence rates may be underreported. Adequate solutions to address these public health challenges are lacking. Stigma, misperceptions, and lack of specialized skills to deal with infection are persistent impediments. To address these challenges, we propose a plan that incorporates the use of online education and hybrid formats to meet the needs in the field. Online education has been used with success elsewhere in the Mediterranean and Middle East. Given the difficult economic conditions in Egypt and physical challenges of traditional formats of education, we propose a plan, curricular elements, and education tracking process as a strategy to improve the knowledge capacity of health professionals and students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Khalil
- Department of Physical Therapy for Biomechanics, Cairo University, Cairo, EG
| | | | - Sergio Costa
- Center for Sstems and Community Design, City University of New York, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York, US
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22
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Dong X, Yang J, Peng L, Pang M, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Rao J, Wang H, Chen X. HIV-related stigma and discrimination amongst healthcare providers in Guangzhou, China. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:738. [PMID: 29902990 PMCID: PMC6003171 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5654-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background HIV-related discrimination amongst healthcare providers is one of the strongest obstacles to effectively responding to HIV. This study was conducted to explore the occurrence of and other factors related to discrimination against people living with HIV/AIDS amongst healthcare providers in Guangzhou, China. Methods This was a cross-sectional study, conducted between July and October 2016, that enrolled healthcare providers from 9 healthcare institutions in Guangzhou, China. HIV-related discrimination was assessed using anonymous self-designed questionnaires. Chi-square tests were used to study the differences in the socio-demographic characteristics, occupational characteristics, HIV-related knowledge and personal attitudes between participants who had and had not discriminated against People living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to study the factors associated with HIV-related discrimination. Results A total of 972 healthcare providers were investigated, and 386 (39.7%) had previously served HIV-positive individuals in their work. Administering HIV antibody tests for patients without his or her consent was the most frequent act of discrimination (65.3%), and other forms of discrimination, including “differential treatment” (51.0%), “disclosed information” (46.4%) and “refused to treat” (38.6%), were also prevalent. The logistic regression analysis indicated that people who had worked for 3–7 years, worked in secondary hospitals or lower, worked in surgical departments, had lower scores on HIV transmission knowledge, were dissatisfied with the occupational exposure protection system offered by the government, were worried about HIV-related exposure and feared HIV-related exposure were more likely to commit an act of medical discrimination against PLWHA. Conclusion HIV-related discrimination was not unusual in the healthcare providers of Guangzhou, which may be related to their negative cognitions and attitudes as well as the hospital management system and government policy. Therefore, comprehensive HIV-related knowledge education should be implemented to change the attitude of healthcare providers. In addition, the current laws and regulations should be refined by the government to protect the rights of healthcare providers. The contradiction between designated hospitals and non-designated hospitals should be resolved to ensure that PLWHA receive timely and effective help and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Dong
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Basic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianwei Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Basic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Peng
- Dongguan Municipal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Dongguan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Minhui Pang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Basic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayi Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Basic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhan Zhang
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Basic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaming Rao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Basic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiqing Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Basic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiongfei Chen
- Guangzhou Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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