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Benli H. Bio-mordants: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:20714-20771. [PMID: 38396176 PMCID: PMC10948525 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32174-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Due to the increasing pressure on environmentally friendly approaches and sustainable production processes, the textile dyeing industry has focused on natural colorants. Thus, the use of bio-mordants, which are biological materials, has become widespread as an alternative to metal salts, most of which are non-ecological, used in the application processes of natural colorants. In natural dyeing, dyers want to use mordant substances in the dyeing processes in order to both expand the color spectrum and improve the fastness properties. Conventional metal salts used in natural dyeing are made up of metallic ions, which, when released into the environment as wastewater effluent at the end of the dyeing process, cause major damage to the ecosystem. Many researchers have thought about using mordants derived from natural sources to address the environmental problem. This article is a review of the investigation of natural mordants used instead of metallic mordants in the process of coloring various textile materials with natural dyestuff sources. It has been determined that many substances, most of them herbal materials, are used as mordants. In this review, mordants, except for conventional metal salts, are examined under three main groups for a better understanding. These groups are as follows: (i) natural or bio-mordants, (ii) oil mordants, and (iii) new-generation and non-vegetable-based mordants. Here, researchers will find an overview of the most recent developments in green mordants as well as application techniques for a variety of mordants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hüseyin Benli
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technologies, Mustafa Çıkrıkçıoğlu Vocational School, Kayseri University, 38280, Kayseri̇, Turkey.
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Moon S, Chae Y. Colorful graphene-based wearable e-textiles prepared by co-dyeing cotton fabrics with natural dyes and reduced graphene oxide. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2298. [PMID: 38280886 PMCID: PMC10821867 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52850-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
In addition to the functionality of electronic textiles (e-textiles), their aesthetic properties should be considered to expand their marketability. In this study, premordanted cotton fabrics were co-dyed with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and natural dyes to develop ecofriendly and colorful graphene-based wearable e-textiles. The color attributes of the textiles were analyzed in terms of the dyeing conditions, namely, rGO loading, mordant type, and natural dye type. The lightness of the dyed samples increased in the order of cochineal < gardenia blue < rhubarb. Regardless of the natural dye and rGO loading, the lightness of the fabrics mordanted with Fe was lower than that with Al and Cu. Moreover, the rhubarb- and gardenia blue-dyed fabrics exhibited broad chroma and hue dispersions, indicating the strong impact of the dyeing conditions. With increasing rGO loading, the chroma of the rhubarb-dyed fabrics substantially decreased, resulting in decreased color saturation. The initial greenish-blue color of the gardenia blue-dyed fabrics gradually changed to yellowish-green and then yellow. Regardless of the natural dye, drastic overall color changes were observed, with average values of 7.60, 11.14, 12.68, and 13.56 ΔECMC(2:1) at increasing rGO loadings of 1, 3, 5, and 7% owb, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungwoo Moon
- Department of Clothing and Textiles, Chungbuk National University, Chungdae-ro 1, Seowon-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjoo Chae
- Department of Clothing and Textiles, Chungbuk National University, Chungdae-ro 1, Seowon-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea.
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Rasool W, Adeel S, Batool F, Ahmad SA, Mumtaz S, Hussaan M. Environmental friendly silk and cotton dyeing using natural colorant of Bougainvillea (Bougainvillea glabra) flowers: the sustainable approach towards textile industry. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:21863-21871. [PMID: 36279062 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23417-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
For the current study, Bougainvillea flowers as environment friendly sustainable source of plant-based natural dye have been selected as an alternative to toxic synthetic dyes for dyeing of cotton and silk. Natural colorant from Bougainvillea flowers (Bougainvillea glabra) was extracted using aqueous and acidic extraction media. Maximum colorant was extracted in aqueous medium, and further it was used for cotton and silk dyeing. The optimum values of the dyeing parameters including dyeing time, dye to liquor ratio and salt level as exhausting agent were found to be 30 min, 35-mL liquor ratio and 3.0 g for cotton and for silk 45 min dyeing time, 45-mL liquor ratio and 3.0 g exhausting agent in aqueous dye extract. Bio mordanting has been applied to attain a variety of color shades. The utilization of 3% of henna, 4% of turmeric for silk pre-mordanting and for post-mordanting turmeric at 3% and henna at 4% for silk gave a darker shade. For cotton bio mordanting, 2% turmeric rhizome powder, 3% henna leaves powder extract as pre-mordant and 2% turmeric, 3% henna as post-mordant has developed a variety of shade. Overall, it has been found that natural colorant from Bougainvillea flowers is the new dye source for bio-coloration of natural fabrics, and addition of bio mordants has made the process more calming and eco-friendly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warda Rasool
- Department of Chemistry, University of Education Lahore, Vehari Campus, Vehari, 61100, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Adeel
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Batool
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education Lahore, Lahore, 54770, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Sheikh Asrar Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Education Lahore, Vehari Campus, Vehari, 61100, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Sahar Mumtaz
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education Lahore, Lahore, 54770, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hussaan
- Department of Botany, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
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Microwave-assisted sustainable exploration of cocklebur leaves (Xanthium strumarium L.) as a novel source of distinct yellow natural colorant for dyeing cotton fabric. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:42246-42254. [PMID: 36645587 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25296-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
During current times, the use of bio-colorants attained public acceptance as a sustainable alternative to synthetic ones which in turn reduced the environmental contamination. The present study focused on the green, safe, and clean technology for the resurgence of natural colorant from cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium L.) leaves and their application to cotton fabric. Natural colorants were extracted by employing an eco-friendly microwave-assisted extraction process using an aqueous and alkaline medium. Dyeing of cotton fabric was carried out using irradiated and unirradiated cotton fabric with irradiated and unirradiated natural dyes of cocklebur leaves. The results of extraction experiments revealed that 4 min microwave-assisted alkaline extract exhibited significantly outstanding color strength onto microwave-treated cotton fabric compared to aqueous one. Further to investigate the optimum dyeing conditions for cotton fabric, various dyeing variables such as dyeing time, dyeing temperature, dye concentration, and exhausting agent were monitored and found a superior result using a dye concentration of 45 ml, for dyeing cotton fabric at 75 °C for 50 min in the presence of 4 g/100 ml of table salt. For improvement in color strength and color fastness properties, the effects of various bio-mordants, such as eucalyptus bark, acacia bark, turmeric rhizome, and onion shells, and chemical mordants (aluminum and copper) on dyed cotton fabric were also evaluated. It was also observed that cotton fabric dyed with alkaline extract of cocklebur leaves using bio-mordants as pre-mordants (4% acacia, 4% eucalyptus, 2% onion) and post-mordants (3% onion, 3% eucalyptus, 4% acacia) exhibited the highest color strength and various hues with acceptable colorfastness properties against light, washing, and rubbing in comparison to chemical mordants. The ISO standard for fastness also revealed that bio-mordanting has enhanced the rating from good to excellent in comparison to chemical mordants. The results provide ample scope for the extraction of yellow natural dye from the cocklebur leaves for eco-friendly coloration of fabrics using bio-mordants.
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Adeel S, Kiran S, Shahid M, Habib SR, Habib N, Hussaan M. Ecofriendly application of coconut coir (Cocos nucifera) extract for silk dyeing. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:564-572. [PMID: 34331230 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15669-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide resurgence of natural dyes in all fields is due to the carcinogenic effects of effluent loads shed by synthetic industries. Coconut coir (Cocos nucifera) containing tannin as a source of natural colorants has been selected for coloration of bio-mordanted silk under the influence of ultrasonic radiations at various dyeing conditions. For extraction of tannin dye from cocos powder, different media were employed, and dyeing variables such as dyeing time, dye bath pH, dyeing bath temperature, and the effect of salts on dyeing were optimized. For achieving new shades with excellent color characteristics, bio-mordants in comparison with chemical mordants were employed. It has been found that acid-solubilized extract after ultrasonic treatment for 45 min has yielded high color strength, when coconut coir extract of 4 pH from 6g of cocos powder, containing 5g/100mL salt solution as exhaust agent, was used to dye silk at 75°C for 65 min. Among bio-mordants turmeric (K/S=13.828) and among chemical mordants iron has shown excellent results (K/S=2.0856). Physiochemical analysis of fabric before and after US treatment shows that there is no change in the chemical structure of the fabric. It is found that ultrasonic waves have excellent potential to isolate the colorant followed by dyeing and environmental friendly mordanting at optimal conditions, but also the usage of herbal-based plant anchors, i.e., bio-mordants, has made the natural dyeing process more sustainable and clean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Adeel
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shumaila Kiran
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Raza Habib
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Noman Habib
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hussaan
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
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Khan AA, Adeel S, Azeem M, Iqbal N. Exploring natural colorant behavior of husk of durum (Triticum durum Desf.) and bread (Triticum aestivum L.) wheat species for sustainable cotton fabric dyeing. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:51632-51641. [PMID: 33990917 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14241-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Revival of natural colorants in textile dyeing is one of the important strategies to reduce synthetic chemical-based environmental pollution. The study has been conducted to explore the coloring potential of durum (Triticum durum Desf.) and bread (Triticum astivum L.) wheat husk for fabric dyeing. The results showed that both wheat species husk could be an excellent source of natural dye, if extracted in alkaline medium. It has been observed that durum wheat husk based dye worked best at 70°C with a pH 11.0 and salt concentration of 8.0 g/100 ml of solution. Similarly, alkaline extract of bread wheat husk worked better at 80°C with dyeing solution pH 9.0 and salt concentration of 8.0 g/100 ml. Bio-mordanting experiments results revealed pomegranate rind (7%) as most effective bio-mordant to obtain high color strength of wheat husk treated fabric. In chemical-mordanting, tannic acid (5%) as pre-mordant and chrome (5%) as post-mordant have improved the color strength more than all other quantities of employed mordants. FTIR analysis indicated the presence of flavonoids as major colorant compounds in wheat husk-based natural dye. Suggested ISO standards for colorfastness illustrated good color strength ratings of husk-based dyed fabric when treated with bio-mordants as compared to chemical counterparts. Hence, husk of both bread and durum wheat species has great potential to be used as source of eco-friendly natural colorant for cotton dyeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ahmad Khan
- Department of Botany, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Adeel
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Azeem
- Department of Botany, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Naeem Iqbal
- Department of Botany, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
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Kaur A, Batish DR, Kaur S, Chauhan BS. An Overview of the Characteristics and Potential of Calotropis procera From Botanical, Ecological, and Economic Perspectives. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:690806. [PMID: 34220914 PMCID: PMC8248367 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.690806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Calotropis procera (Aiton) Dryand. (commonly known as the apple of sodom, calotrope, and giant milkweed) is an evergreen, perennial shrub of the family Apocynaceae, mainly found in arid and semi-arid regions. It is a multipurpose plant, which can be utilized for medicine, fodder, and fuel purposes, timber and fiber production, phytoremediation, and synthesis of nanoparticles. It has been widely used in traditional medicinal systems across North Africa, Middle East Asia, and South-East Asia. At present, it is being extensively explored for its potential pharmacological applications. Several reports also suggest its prospects in the food, textile, and paper industries. Besides, C. procera has also been acknowledged as an ornamental species. High pharmacological potential and socio-economic value have led to the pantropical introduction of the plant. Morpho-physiological adaptations and the ability to tolerate various abiotic stresses enabled its naturalization beyond the introduced areas. Now, it is recognized as an obnoxious environmental weed in several parts of the world. Its unnatural expansion has been witnessed in the regions of South America, the Caribbean Islands, Australia, the Hawaiian Islands, Mexico, Seychelles, and several Pacific Islands. In Australia, nearly 3.7 million hectares of drier areas, including rangelands and Savannahs, have been invaded by the plant. In this review, multiple aspects of C. procera have been discussed including its general characteristics, current and potential uses, and invasive tendencies. The objectives of this review are a) to compile the information available in the literature on C. procera, to make it accessible for future research, b) to enlist together its potential applications being investigated in different fields, and c) to acknowledge C. procera as an emerging invasive species of arid and semi-arid regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarpreet Kaur
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Shalinder Kaur
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Bhagirath S. Chauhan
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI) and School of Agriculture and Food Sciences (SAFS), The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, Australia
- *Correspondence: Bhagirath S. Chauhan,
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Zumahi SMAA, Arobi N, Taha H, Hossain MK, Kabir H, Matin R, Bashar MS, Ahmed F, Hossain MA, Rahman MM. Extraction, optical properties, and aging studies of natural pigments of various flower plants. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05104. [PMID: 33024874 PMCID: PMC7527660 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we reported the extraction process of five different flowering plants utilizing different dye extraction methods and solvents (ethanol and water) to choose the best dye removal process. The FTIR spectra revealed the presence of several clear functional groups for all five natural dyes. The analytical studies such as UV spectroscopy, column chromatography, and vacuum evaporation were performed to isolate the dyes from their solutions. The UV-Vis studies on the pigments of flower extracts indicated broad absorption peaks in the visible region including clear bandgaps. Among the studied pigments, Alternanthera ficoidea showed the lowest direct bandgap of 1.69 eV and an Urbach energy value of 6.33 meV. The dye extraction yield rate improvement was extended from 11.7 to 24.7% (water solvent) and 11.3-32.4% (ethanol solvent). Throughout the studies, it was observed that ethanol produced a better extraction for organic dyes than water as a solvent. Aging studies revealed that all the dyes at the room temperature showed better stability with minor changes in the observed optical parameters in oxygen-rich conditions; however, these parameters have shown significant variations at a 60 °C temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Amir-Al Zumahi
- Department of Physics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
- Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Nourin Arobi
- Department of Physics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
- Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Hatem Taha
- Department of Physics, College of Education for Pure Science, Ibn Al-Haitham, University of Baghdad, 10071, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Md Kamal Hossain
- Department of Physics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Humayun Kabir
- Department of Physics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Rummana Matin
- Institute of Fuel Research and Development (IFRD), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - M S Bashar
- Institute of Fuel Research and Development (IFRD), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Farid Ahmed
- Department of Physics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abul Hossain
- Department of Physics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - M Mahbubur Rahman
- Department of Physics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
- Discipline of Chemistry and Physics, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
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Zia KM, Adeel S, Rehman FU, Aslam H, Khosa MK, Zuber M. Influence of ultrasonic radiation on extraction and green dyeing of mordanted cotton using neem bark extract. J IND ENG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2019.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Effect of chitosan biological macromolecule on colorimetric analysis and radical scavenging activity of linen using pineapple peel extract biomolecules. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 124:708-715. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Adeel S, Zuber M, Zia KM. Microwave-assisted extraction and dyeing of chemical and bio-mordanted cotton fabric using harmal seeds as a source of natural dye. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:11100-11110. [PMID: 29411282 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1301-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The revival of cultural heritage in a form of natural colorants for textile dyeing is gaining popularity due to their soothing nature and bright shades. The present study was conducted to explore the coloring potential of harmala (Peganum harmala) seeds and to improve color strength of dye using microwave radiations followed by a mordanting process. The results showed that harmala plant seeds could be an excellent source of natural dyes for cotton dyeing if the irradiated acidified methanolic extract (RE, 4 min) is used to dye un-irradiated fabric (NRC) at 85 °C for 45 min using a dye bath of pH 9.0 having salt concentration of 7 g/100 mL. Alum (1%) as pre-mordants and iron (7%) as post-mordants have improved the color strength in chemical mordanting more than other mordants employed. The bio-mordants employed reveal that 10% of acacia as pre-bio-mordants and 7% of acacia as post-bio-mordants are effective amounts to obtain high color strength. Suggested ISO standards for colorfastness illustrate that bio-mordanting has given more excellent rating as compared to chemical mordants. It is concluded that harmala seeds have a great potential to act as a source of natural colorant for cotton dyeing under the influence of microwave radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Adeel
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Zuber
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Govt. College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Mahmood Zia
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Govt. College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
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Sajed T, Haji A, Mehrizi MK, Nasiri Boroumand M. Modification of wool protein fiber with plasma and dendrimer: Effects on dyeing with cochineal. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 107:642-653. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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