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Araruna MEC, Júnior EBA, Serafim CADL, Pessoa MMB, Pessôa MLDS, Alves VP, da Silva MS, Sobral MV, Alves AF, Nunes MKDS, Araújo AA, Batista LM. (-)-Fenchone Prevents Cysteamine-Induced Duodenal Ulcers and Accelerates Healing Promoting Re-Epithelialization of Gastric Ulcers in Rats via Antioxidant and Immunomodulatory Mechanisms. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:641. [PMID: 38794211 PMCID: PMC11124074 DOI: 10.3390/ph17050641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND (-)-Fenchone is a naturally occurring monoterpene found in the essential oils of Foeniculum vulgare Mill., Thuja occidentalis L., and Peumus boldus Molina. Pharmacological studies have reported its antinociceptive, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antidiarrheal, and antioxidant activities. METHODS The preventive antiulcer effects of (-)-Fenchone were assessed through oral pretreatment in cysteamine-induced duodenal lesion models. Gastric healing, the underlying mechanisms, and toxicity after repeated doses were evaluated using the acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer rat model with oral treatment administered for 14 days. RESULTS In the cysteamine-induced duodenal ulcer model, fenchone (37.5-300 mg/kg) significantly decreased the ulcer area and prevented lesion formation. In the acetic acid-induced ulcer model, fenchone (150 mg/kg) reduced (p < 0.001) ulcerative injury. These effects were associated with increased levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), interleukin (IL)-10, and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β). Furthermore, treatment with (-)-Fenchone (150 mg/kg) significantly reduced (p < 0.001) malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-κB). A 14-day oral toxicity investigation revealed no alterations in heart, liver, spleen, or kidney weight, nor in the biochemical and hematological parameters assessed. (-)-Fenchone protected animals from body weight loss while maintaining feed and water intake. CONCLUSION (-)-Fenchone exhibits low toxicity, prevents duodenal ulcers, and enhances gastric healing activities. Antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties appear to be involved in its therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elaine Cristina Araruna
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58050-585, PB, Brazil; (M.E.C.A.); (E.B.A.J.); (C.A.d.L.S.); (M.M.B.P.); (M.L.d.S.P.); (V.P.A.); (M.S.d.S.); (M.V.S.)
| | - Edvaldo Balbino Alves Júnior
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58050-585, PB, Brazil; (M.E.C.A.); (E.B.A.J.); (C.A.d.L.S.); (M.M.B.P.); (M.L.d.S.P.); (V.P.A.); (M.S.d.S.); (M.V.S.)
| | - Catarina Alves de Lima Serafim
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58050-585, PB, Brazil; (M.E.C.A.); (E.B.A.J.); (C.A.d.L.S.); (M.M.B.P.); (M.L.d.S.P.); (V.P.A.); (M.S.d.S.); (M.V.S.)
| | - Matheus Marley Bezerra Pessoa
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58050-585, PB, Brazil; (M.E.C.A.); (E.B.A.J.); (C.A.d.L.S.); (M.M.B.P.); (M.L.d.S.P.); (V.P.A.); (M.S.d.S.); (M.V.S.)
| | - Michelle Liz de Souza Pessôa
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58050-585, PB, Brazil; (M.E.C.A.); (E.B.A.J.); (C.A.d.L.S.); (M.M.B.P.); (M.L.d.S.P.); (V.P.A.); (M.S.d.S.); (M.V.S.)
| | - Vitória Pereira Alves
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58050-585, PB, Brazil; (M.E.C.A.); (E.B.A.J.); (C.A.d.L.S.); (M.M.B.P.); (M.L.d.S.P.); (V.P.A.); (M.S.d.S.); (M.V.S.)
| | - Marcelo Sobral da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58050-585, PB, Brazil; (M.E.C.A.); (E.B.A.J.); (C.A.d.L.S.); (M.M.B.P.); (M.L.d.S.P.); (V.P.A.); (M.S.d.S.); (M.V.S.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IPeFarM, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58051-970, PB, Brazil
| | - Marianna Vieira Sobral
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58050-585, PB, Brazil; (M.E.C.A.); (E.B.A.J.); (C.A.d.L.S.); (M.M.B.P.); (M.L.d.S.P.); (V.P.A.); (M.S.d.S.); (M.V.S.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IPeFarM, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58051-970, PB, Brazil
| | - Adriano Francisco Alves
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58050-585, PB, Brazil; (M.E.C.A.); (E.B.A.J.); (C.A.d.L.S.); (M.M.B.P.); (M.L.d.S.P.); (V.P.A.); (M.S.d.S.); (M.V.S.)
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58050-585, PB, Brazil; (A.F.A.); (M.K.d.S.N.)
| | - Mayara Karla dos Santos Nunes
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58050-585, PB, Brazil; (A.F.A.); (M.K.d.S.N.)
| | - Aurigena Antunes Araújo
- Department of Morphology, Histology and Basic Pathology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil;
| | - Leônia Maria Batista
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58050-585, PB, Brazil; (M.E.C.A.); (E.B.A.J.); (C.A.d.L.S.); (M.M.B.P.); (M.L.d.S.P.); (V.P.A.); (M.S.d.S.); (M.V.S.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IPeFarM, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58051-970, PB, Brazil
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Aliko V, Vasjari L, Ibrahimi E, Impellitteri F, Karaj A, Gjonaj G, Piccione G, Arfuso F, Faggio C, Istifli ES. "From shadows to shores"-quantitative analysis of CuO nanoparticle-induced apoptosis and DNA damage in fish erythrocytes: A multimodal approach combining experimental, image-based quantification, docking and molecular dynamics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167698. [PMID: 37832669 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
The usage of copper (II) oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) has significantly expanded across industries and biomedical fields. However, the potential toxic effects on non-target organisms and humans lack comprehensive understanding due to limited research on molecular mechanisms. With this study, by combining the 96 h in vivo exposure of crucian carp fish, Carassius carassius, to sub-lethal CuO NPs doses (0.5 and 1 mg/dL) with image-based quantification, and docking and molecular dynamics approaches, we aimed to understand the mechanism of CuO NPs-induced cyto-genotoxicity in the fish erythrocytes. The results revealed that both doses of copper NPs used were toxic to erythrocytes causing oxidative stress response and serious red blood cell morphological abnormalities, and genotoxicity. Docking and 10-ns molecular dynamics confirmed favorable interactions (ΔG = -2.07 kcal mol-1) and structural stability of Band3-CuO NP complex, mainly through formation of H-bonds, implying the potential of CuO NPs to induce mitotic nuclear abnormalities in C. carassius erythrocytes via Band3 inhibition. Moreover, conventional and multiple ligand simultaneous docking with DNA revealed that single, double and triple CuO NPs bind preferentially to AT-rich regions consistently in the minor grooves of DNA. Of note, the DNA-binding strength subtantially increased (ΔG = -2.13 kcal mol-1, ΔG = -4.08 kcal mol-1, and ΔG = -6.03 kcal mol-1, respectively) with an increasing number of docked CuO NPs, suggesting that direct structural perturbation on DNA could also count for the molecular basis of in-vivo induced DNA damage in C. carassius erythrocytes. This study introduces the novel term "erythrotope" to describe comprehensive red blood cell morphological abnormalities. It proves to be a reliable and cost-effective biomarker for evaluating allostatic erythrocyte load in response to metallic nanoparticle exposure, serving as a distinctive fingerprint to assess fish erythrocyte health and physiological fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valbona Aliko
- University of Tirana, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Biology, Tirana, Albania.
| | - Ledia Vasjari
- University of Tirana, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Biology, Tirana, Albania.
| | - Eliana Ibrahimi
- University of Tirana, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Biology, Tirana, Albania.
| | - Federica Impellitteri
- University of Messina, Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Messina, Italy.
| | - Ambra Karaj
- University of Tirana, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Biology, Tirana, Albania.
| | - Grejsi Gjonaj
- University of Tirana, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Biology, Tirana, Albania.
| | - Giuseppe Piccione
- University of Messina, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Messina, Italy.
| | - Francesca Arfuso
- University of Messina, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Messina, Italy.
| | - Caterina Faggio
- University of Messina, Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Messina, Italy.
| | - Erman S Istifli
- University of Cukurova, Faculty of Science and Literature, Department of Biology, Adana, Turkey
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Kovacik A, Tvrda E, Tomka M, Revesz N, Arvay J, Fik M, Harangozo L, Hleba L, Kovacikova E, Jambor T, Hlebova M, Andreji J, Massanyi P. Seasonal assessment of selected trace elements in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) blood and their effects on the biochemistry and oxidative stress markers. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1522. [PMID: 37995020 PMCID: PMC10667414 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-12152-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution by anthropogenic activity is still a highly relevant global problem. Aquatic animals are a specifically endangered group of organisms due to their continuous direct contact with the contaminated environment. Concentrations of selected trace elements in the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) (n = 36) blood serum/clot were monitored. Possible effects of the elements on selected biochemical and oxidative markers were evaluated. The concentrations of trace elements (Al, Ba, Be, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ga, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sr, Tl, and Zn) were analysed in the fish blood serum and blood clot by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES). A general scheme of decreasing concentrations of trace elements in the blood serum samples was: Zn ˃ Fe ˃ Sr ˃ Ba ˃ Ni ˃ Al ˃ Cu ˃ Be ˃ Co; < LOQ (below limit of quantification): Bi, Cd, Cr, Ga, Mn, Mo, Pb, Tl; and in the case of the blood clot, the scheme was as follows: Fe ˃ Zn ˃ Sr ˃ Al ˃ Ni ˃ Ba ˃ Cu ˃ Be ˃ Co ˃ Mn; < LOQ (below limit of quantification): Bi, Cd, Cr, Ga, Mo, Pb, Tl. Significant differences among the seasons were detected. The Spearman R correlation coefficients and linear or non-linear regression were used to evaluate direct relationships between trace elements and selected blood biomarkers. The correlation analysis between biochemical parameters (Na, K, P, Mg, AST, ALT, ALP, GGT, TAG, TP, urea, glucose) and trace elements (Al, Ba, Be, Cu, Fe, Ni, Sr, and Zn) concentrations confirmed statistically significant interactions in both seasons (summer and autumn). The regression analysis between oxidative stress markers (ROS, GPx, creatinine, uric acid, and bilirubin) and elements (Al, Ba, Co, Cu, Fe, Ni, and Sr) content confirmed statistically significant interactions. The results point to numerous connections between the observed elements and the physiological parameters of freshwater fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Kovacik
- Institute of Applied Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76, Nitra, Slovakia.
| | - Eva Tvrda
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Marian Tomka
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Norbert Revesz
- DSM Nutritional Products Inc. Hungary Kft, Japán Fasor 4, 2367, Újhartyán, Hungary
| | - Julius Arvay
- Institute of Food Sciences, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Martin Fik
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Lubos Harangozo
- Institute of Food Sciences, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Lukas Hleba
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Eva Kovacikova
- AgroBioTech Research Centre, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Tomas Jambor
- Institute of Applied Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Miroslava Hlebova
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Nám. J. Herdu 2, 917 01, Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Jaroslav Andreji
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Peter Massanyi
- Institute of Applied Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76, Nitra, Slovakia
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Monteiro R, Souza IDC, Morozesk M, Soares MP, De Angelis CF, Vieira NS, Bendhack F, Monferrán MV, Wunderlin DA, Fernandes MN. Metalliferous atmospheric settleable particulate matter action on the fat snook fish (Centropomus parallelus): Metal bioaccumulation, antioxidant responses and histological changes in gills, hepatopancreas and kidneys. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 330:138715. [PMID: 37098361 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Metallic smoke released by steel industries is constitute by a mixture of fine and gross particles containing metals, including the emerging ones, which sedimentation contaminates soil and aquatic ecosystems and put in risk the resident biota. This study determined the metal/metalloids in the atmospheric settleable particulate matter (SePM, particles >10 μm) from a metallurgical industrial area and evaluated metal bioconcentration, antioxidant responses, oxidative stress, and the histopathology in the gills, hepatopancreas and kidneys of fat snook fish (Centropomus parallelus) exposed to different concentrations of SePM (0.0, 0.01, 0.1 and 1.0 g L-1), for 96 h. From the 27 metals (Al, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sn, Ba, La, Ce, W, Hg, Pb, Bi) analyzed, 18 were quantified in SePM and dissolved in seawater. Metal bioconcentrations differed among organs; Fe and Zn were the metals most bioconcentrated in all organs, Fe was higher in hepatopancreas and Zn > Fe > Sr > Al was higher in kidneys. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) decreased in the gills; SOD, catalase (CAT) decreased, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) increased in hepatopancreas and, CAT, glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and the level of glutathione (GSH) increased in kidneys. The unchanged levels of lipid peroxidation and oxidized protein in any organ indicate that the antioxidant responses were efficient to avoid oxidative stress. Organ lesion indices were higher in the gills > kidneys > hepatopancreas, being higher in fish exposed to 0.01 g L-1 SePM. All changes indicate a tissue-specific metal/metalloids bioconcentration, antioxidant and morphological responses that all together compromise fish health. Regulatory normative are needed to control the emission of these metalliferous PM to preserve the environment and biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaella Monteiro
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luiz, km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Iara da Costa Souza
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luiz, km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Mariana Morozesk
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luiz, km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Michelly Pereira Soares
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luiz, km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolina Fernandes De Angelis
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luiz, km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Nathan S Vieira
- Centro de Estudos Marinhos, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Rua Rio Grande do Norte, 145, Miramar, Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Bendhack
- Centro de Estudos Marinhos, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Rua Rio Grande do Norte, 145, Miramar, Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil
| | - Magdalena Victoria Monferrán
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Córdoba (ICYTAC), CONICET and Depto. Quimica. Orgánica, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Daniel Alberto Wunderlin
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Córdoba (ICYTAC), CONICET and Depto. Quimica. Orgánica, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Marisa Narciso Fernandes
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luiz, km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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Lin W, Wu J, Luo H, Liu X, Cao B, Hu F, Liu F, Yang J, Yang P. Sub-chronic ammonia exposure induces hepatopancreatic damage, oxidative stress, and immune dysfunction in red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 254:114724. [PMID: 36871356 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia, as one of the primary water pollutants in aquaculture, has been shown to induce a wide range of ecotoxicological effects on aquatic animals. In order to investigate the antioxidant and innate immune responses in crustaceans disrupted by ammonia, red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) were exposed to 0, 15, 30, and 50 mg/L total ammonia nitrogen for 30 d, the alterations of antioxidant responses as well as innate immunity were studied. The results showed that the severity of hepatopancreatic injury were aggravated by the increasing ammonia levels, which were mainly characterized by tubule lumen dilatation and vacuolization. The swollen mitochondria and disappeared mitochondria ridges suggested that oxidative stress induced by ammonia targets the mitochondria. Concurrently, enhanced MDA levels, and decreased GSH levels as well as the decreased transcription and activity of antioxidant enzymes, including SOD, CAT, and GPx were noticed, which suggested that high concentrations of ammonia exposure induce oxidative stress in P. clarkii. Furthermore, a significant decrease of the hemolymph ACP, AKP, and PO along with the significant downregulation of immune-related genes (ppo, hsp70, hsp90, alf1, ctl) jointly indicated that ammonia stress inhibited the innate immune function. Our findings demonstrated that sub-chronic ammonia stress induced hepatopancreatic injury and exert suppressive effects on the antioxidant capacity as well as innate immunity of P. clarkii. Our results provide a fundamental basis for the deleterious effects of ammonia stress on aquatic crustaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Lin
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, China; Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Health Aquaculture and Product Processing in Dongting Lake Area, Changde 415000, China
| | - Jingyi Wu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, China
| | - Huimin Luo
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, China
| | - Xiangli Liu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, China
| | - Beibei Cao
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, China
| | - Fen Hu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, China
| | - Fang Liu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, China
| | - Jifeng Yang
- College of Chemistry and Material Engineering, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, China.
| | - Pinhong Yang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Health Aquaculture and Product Processing in Dongting Lake Area, Changde 415000, China.
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Mottola F, Santonastaso M, Iovine C, Frenzilli G, Picchietti S, Genualdo V, Rocco L. TiO 2-NPs and cadmium co-exposure: in vitro assessment of genetic and genomic DNA damage on Dicentrarchus labrax embryonic cells. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:62208-62218. [PMID: 34825339 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17645-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The increased titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) spread and their interaction with organic and inorganic pollutants arouses concern for the potential hazards for organisms and environment. This study tested in vitro the genotoxic effects of TiO2-NPs (1 μg/mL) and cadmium (Cd) (0.1 μg/mL) co-exposure using Dicentrarchus labrax embryonic cells (DLEC) as experimental model. The genotoxicity tests (Comet assay, Diffusion Assay and Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA (RAPD-PCR) were conducted after 3, 24 and 48 hours of exposure to TiO2-NPs and Cd alone and in combination. The results showed that the percentage of DNA damage and apoptotic cells increases following 48 hours TiO2-NPs exposure, while DNA instability was detected for all the times tested. Cd induced genotoxic effects starting from 3 hour-exposure and for all the treatment times. Cd + TiO2-NPs co-exposure did not cause any genomic damage or apoptosis for all the exposure times. The possibility that Cd and TiO2-NPs form aggregates no longer able of penetrating the nucleus and damaging the genetic material is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filomena Mottola
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Marianna Santonastaso
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Special Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Napoli, Italy
| | - Concetta Iovine
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Giada Frenzilli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Simona Picchietti
- Department of Innovation of Biological Systems, Food and Forestry DIBA, Tuscia University, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Viviana Genualdo
- Laboratory of Animal Cytogenetics and Genomics, National Research Council (CNR), ISPAAM, P.le Enrico Fermi 1, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Rocco
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy.
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Nanoparticled Titanium Dioxide to Remediate Crude Oil Exposure. An In Vivo Approach in Dicentrarchus labrax. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10030111. [PMID: 35324736 PMCID: PMC8952326 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10030111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The contamination of marine water bodies with petroleum hydrocarbons represents a threat to ecosystems and human health. In addition to the surface slick of crude oil, the water-soluble fraction of petroleum is responsible for the induction of severe toxic effects at different cellular and molecular levels. Some petroleum-derived hydrocarbons are classified as carcinogenic and mutagenic contaminants; therefore, the oil spill into the marine environment can have long term consequences to the biota. Therefore, new tools able to remediate crude oil water accommodation fraction pollution in marine water are highly recommended. Nanomaterials were recently proposed in environmental remediation processes. In the present in vivo study, the efficacy of pure anatase titanium nanoparticles (n-TiO2) was tested on Dicentrarchus labrax exposed to the accommodated fraction of crude oil. It was found that n-TiO2 nano-powders themselves were harmless in terms of DNA primary damage, and the capability of pure anatase n-TiO2 to lower the levels of DNA damage induced by a mixture of genotoxic pollutant was revealed. These preliminary results on a laboratory scale are the prerequisite for deepening this new technology for the abatement of the cellular effects related with oil spill pollutants released in marine environments.
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Xu Z, Liu J, Wang E, Zhao C, Hu X, Chu KH, Wang L. Detoxification and recovery after cadmium exposure in the freshwater crab Sinopotamon henanense. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:58050-58067. [PMID: 34101120 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14528-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a common pollutant in the aquatic environment, which puts the health and safety of aquatic organisms and humans at risk. In the present study, the freshwater crab Sinopotamon henanense was exposed to Cd (0, 50, 100, and 500 μg·L-1) for 14 d (0-14th d), followed by 21 d (14-35th d) of depuration. The changes in Cd bioaccumulation, microstructure, biomacromolecules (polysaccharides, neutral lipids, DNA and total proteins), and biochemical parameters (SOD, CAT, GR, TrxR, MDA and AChE) in the gills and hepatopancreas were tested. The injured microstructure, activated antioxidant system, increased MDA, and inhibited AChE of the gills and hepatopancreas responded with progressive bioaccumulation of Cd. Meanwhile, the polysaccharides and neutral lipids in the hepatopancreas reduced and DNA synthesis enhanced. During depuration, more than 58.80 ± 8.53% and 13.84 ± 12.11% of Cd was excreted from the gills and hepatopancreas, respectively. Recovery of microstructure and biomacromolecules as well as alleviated oxidative damage and neurotoxicity were also found in these two organs. Additionally, based on PCA, Ihis, GR and MDA were identified as the optimal biomarkers indicating the health status of crabs. In conclusion, S. henanense could resist Cd stress through antioxidant defence and self-detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Xu
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Jing Liu
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Ermeng Wang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Chenyun Zhao
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Xuelei Hu
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Education, Guangzhou, 510303, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ka Hou Chu
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Lan Wang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi Province, China.
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Serafim CADL, Araruna MEC, Alves Júnior EB, Silva LMO, Silva AO, da Silva MS, Alves AF, Araújo AA, Batista LM. (-)-Carveol Prevents Gastric Ulcers via Cytoprotective, Antioxidant, Antisecretory and Immunoregulatory Mechanisms in Animal Models. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:736829. [PMID: 34497525 PMCID: PMC8419343 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.736829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: (-)-Carveol (p-Mentha-6,8-dien-2-ol) is a monocyclic monoterpenic alcohol, present in essential oils of plant species such as Cymbopogon giganteus, Illicium pachyphyllum and in spices such as Carum carvi (cumin). Pharmacological studies report its antitumor, antimicrobial, neuroprotective, vasorelaxant, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Hypothesis/Purpose: The objective of this study was to evaluate the acute non-clinical oral toxicity, gastroprotective activity of monoterpene (-)-Carveol in animal models and the related mechanisms of action. Methods: Acute toxicity was assessed according to OECD guide 423 in mice. Ethanol, stress, NSAIDs and pylorus ligation-induced gastric ulcer models were used to investigate antiulcer properties. The related mechanisms of action were using the ethanol-gastric lesions protocol. Results: (-)-Carveol has low toxicity, with a lethal dose 50% (LD50) equal to or greater than 2,500 mg/kg according to OECD guide nº 423. In all gastric ulcer induction methods evaluated, (-)-Carveol (25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly reduced the ulcerative lesion in comparison with the respective control groups. To investigate the mechanisms involved in the gastroprotective activity, the antisecretory or neutralizing of gastric secretion, cytoprotective, antioxidant and immunoregulatory effects were evaluated. In the experimental protocol of pylorus ligation-induced gastric ulcer, (-)-Carveol (100 mg/kg) reduced (p < 0.001) the volume of gastric secretion in both routes (oral and intraduodenal). The previous administration of blockers NEM (sulfhydryl groups blocker), L-NAME (nitric oxide synthesis inhibitor), glibenclamide (KATP channel blocker) and indomethacin (cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor), significantly reduced the gastroprotection exercised by (-)-Carveol, suggesting the participation of these pathways in its gastroprotective activity. In addition, treatment with (-)-Carveol (100 mg/kg) increased (p < 0.001) mucus adhered to the gastric wall. Treatment also increased (p < 0.001) levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and interleukin-10 (IL-10). It also reduced (p < 0.001) malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels. Conclusion: Thus, it is possible to infer that (-)-Carveol presents gastroprotective activity related to antisecretory, cytoprotective, antioxidant and immunomodulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Alves de Lima Serafim
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Maria Elaine Cristina Araruna
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Edvaldo Balbino Alves Júnior
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Leiliane Macena Oliveira Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Alessa Oliveira Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Sobral da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Adriano Francisco Alves
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Aurigena Antunes Araújo
- Department of Morphology, Histology and Basic Pathology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Leônia Maria Batista
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Brazil
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Canli EG, Canli M. Antioxidant system biomarkers of freshwater mussel ( Unio tigridis) respond to nanoparticle (Al 2O 3, CuO, TiO 2) exposures. Biomarkers 2021; 26:434-442. [PMID: 33781138 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2021.1909655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mussels are known as the natural filters of the aquatic systems and are accepted as one of the best bioindicator organism. There is no data on the response of Unio tigridis to metal-oxide nanoparticle (NP) exposures. This study aimed to investigate the response of the antioxidant enzymes of U. tigridis following exposure to NPs. MATERIALS AND METHODS The mussels were exposed to different concentrations (0, 1, 3, 9 mg NP/L) of Al2O3, CuO and TiO2 NPs for 14 days and subsequently, the activities of CAT (catalase), SOD (superoxide dismutase), GPx (glutathione peroxidase), GST (glutathione S-transferase) and GR (glutathione reductase) were measured in the gill and digestive gland. Mussels were fed with cultured unicellular algae (Chlorella vulgaris) during experiments. RESULTS Data showed that algae consumptions of mussels were not significantly (p>0.05) altered by NPs. However, all enzyme activities in the digestive gland and gill altered significantly (p<0.05) after NP exposures. The activities of CAT and SOD decreased, while the activities of enzymes belonging to glutathione metabolism (GPx and GST) increased in both tissues. CONCLUSION This study representing the first record on the antioxidant system response of U. tigridis toward NP exposures suggests that NP toxicity should be investigated thoroughly in organisms and some regulations must be done on their usages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esin G Canli
- University of Nigde Omer Halisdemir, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Department of Biology, Nigde, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Canli
- University of Cukurova, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Department of Biology, Adana, Turkey
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Sachi ITDC, Bonomo MM, Sakuragui MM, Modena PZ, Paulino MG, Carlos RM, Fernandes JB, Fernandes MN. Biochemical and morphological biomarker responses in the gills of a Neotropical fish exposed to a new flavonoid metal-insecticide. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111459. [PMID: 33069948 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The flavonoid metal-insecticide [Mg(hesp)2(phen)], denominated MgHP, has high potential for controlling agricultural pests. If applied in large scale, it may reach aquatic ecosystems and be harmful to the biota. This study evaluated the effects of MgHP in the gills of the Neotropical fish, Prochilodus lineatus by determining the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione s-transferase (GST), and the levels of glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) after 24 and 96 h exposure to 0, 1, 10, 100 and 1000 μg L-1. The histopathological changes with emphases to mitochondria-rich cells (MRC) were evaluated as well. After 24 h exposure the enzyme activities and the GSH and LPO levels were unchanged however, after 96 h exposure to high MgHP concentration (1000 μg L-1), the GST activity and GSH levels increased. Oxidative stress measured as LPO levels did not occur after MgHP exposure in both periods. Gill tissue alterations increased after MgHP exposure to 10, 100 and 1000 μg L-1. Cellular atrophy, pillar cells changes, filament epithelium hyperplasia and hypertrophy, lamellar epithelium hyperplasia were the most frequent histopathology. MRC in the filament epithelium decreased after exposure to 24 h and increased after 96 h indicating possible transitory osmo-ionic disruption. P. lineatus exhibited high tolerance to MgHP. The increased GST activity and GSH levels after 96 h exposure suggested possible MgHP accumulation and concentration- and time-dependent response. Histopathology in the gills of exposed fish occurred at high MgHP concentrations. These results suggested that the MgHP into water, at high concentrations, affect the gills by changing GST activity, GSH levels and histology being useful biomarkers for MgHP water contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivelise Teresa de Castro Sachi
- Postgraduate Program in Ecology and Natural Resources, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luiz, Km 235, 13563-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington, Luiz Km 235, 13563-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Marina Marques Bonomo
- Postgraduate Program in Ecology and Natural Resources, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luiz, Km 235, 13563-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington, Luiz Km 235, 13563-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Marise Margareth Sakuragui
- Postgraduate Program in Ecology and Natural Resources, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luiz, Km 235, 13563-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington, Luiz Km 235, 13563-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Pamela Zaganin Modena
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington, Luiz Km 235, 13563-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Gustavo Paulino
- Federal University of Tocantins, Campus Araguaína, Avenida Paraguai, s/n°, Setor Cimba, 77824-838 Araguaína, TO, Brazil
| | - Rose Maria Carlos
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luiz, Km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - João Batista Fernandes
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luiz, Km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Marisa Narciso Fernandes
- Postgraduate Program in Ecology and Natural Resources, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luiz, Km 235, 13563-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington, Luiz Km 235, 13563-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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12
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Ferreira DDD, Galvão TD, Appoloni CR. Total Reflection X-ray Fluorescence spectrometry determination of titanium dioxide released from UV-protective textiles during wash. Appl Radiat Isot 2020; 165:109345. [PMID: 32777738 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2020.109345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to determine the release of TiO2 from six sport garments into the wash water after 1, 2 and 10 washes. For such, Total Reflection X-ray Fluorescence (TXRF) spectrometry was employed for the study of the wash water and Scanning Electron Microscopy - Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (SEM-EDS) was used for the analysis of the textiles. Results showed that the six sport garments released between 0.106 mg/L and 0.352 mg/L after the first two washes and between 0.028 mg/L and 0.337 mg/L of Ti after ten washes. The values found for the Ti amount released in wash water, and consequently into the environment, is much less than other common sources. These results showed the potential of TXRF spectrometry in quantifying Ti in wash water, which is a hard task even for well-established methods. SEM images show that all six samples were weft knitted fabrics, with yarns of approximately 250 μm of width and fibers' width between 9 and 13 μm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego de Dio Ferreira
- Applied Nuclear Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Londrina State University, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid km-380, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Tiago Dutra Galvão
- Applied Nuclear Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Londrina State University, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid km-380, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Carlos Roberto Appoloni
- Applied Nuclear Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Londrina State University, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid km-380, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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13
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Zeumer R, Galhano V, Monteiro MS, Kuehr S, Knopf B, Meisterjahn B, Soares AMVM, Loureiro S, Lopes I, Schlechtriem C. Chronic effects of wastewater-borne silver and titanium dioxide nanoparticles on the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 723:137974. [PMID: 32229380 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Even though nanoparticles (NPs) are mostly removed by wastewater treatment plants, wastewater-borne NPs may show an altered toxicity to aquatic organisms. The main objectives of this work were: i) to assess the chronic (28 days) effects of wastewater-borne NPs of silver (AgNPs, 1.4-36.2 μg L-1) and titanium dioxide (TiO2NPs, 3.1-50.2 μg L-1) at the individual (growth) and biochemical (biomarkers of neurotoxicity, oxidative stress and energy metabolism) levels in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss; and ii) to compare them with their effluent-supplemented and water-dispersed counterparts. The total Ag and Ti levels were determined in several fish organs. The growth of O. mykiss was not affected by the NPs in any treatment, except a 29% increase at 5.5 μg L-1 of total Ag supplemented to effluents. The Ag level in organs of O. mykiss was significantly higher after exposure to water-dispersed AgNPs than their wastewater-borne or effluent-supplemented counterparts. No significant Ti uptake could be observed. Effluent-supplemented TiO2NPs (50.1 μg L-1 Ti) potentially induced neurotoxic effects, indicated by a 24% increase in acetylcholinesterase activity comparatively to controls. Energy reserves were unaffected by TiO2 treatments, while nearly all AgNP-containing treatments caused a depletion of total lipids, proteins and carbohydrates in the muscle, suggesting an increased energy demand for detoxification processes to cope with AgNPs. Besides NPs, the effluent matrix and dispersing agent (for AgNPs) induced significant effects on energetic reserves and oxidative stress, indicating background toxicity of both treatments at the biochemical level. Our study is the first to assess chronic effects of wastewater-borne NPs on rainbow trout. While no effects were found at the individual level, several biochemical markers were changed by the NPs exposure. Our results highlight the importance of using complex matrices for a reliable risk assessment of NPs in the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Zeumer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Department Bioaccumulation and Animal Metabolism, Auf dem Aberg 1, 57392 Schmallenberg, Germany; Institute of Environmental Research (Biology V), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Victor Galhano
- Department of Biology & Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Marta S Monteiro
- Department of Biology & Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Sebastian Kuehr
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Department Bioaccumulation and Animal Metabolism, Auf dem Aberg 1, 57392 Schmallenberg, Germany; Institute of Biology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57068 Siegen, Germany.
| | - Burkhard Knopf
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Department Bioaccumulation and Animal Metabolism, Auf dem Aberg 1, 57392 Schmallenberg, Germany.
| | - Boris Meisterjahn
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Department Bioaccumulation and Animal Metabolism, Auf dem Aberg 1, 57392 Schmallenberg, Germany.
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- Department of Biology & Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Susana Loureiro
- Department of Biology & Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Isabel Lopes
- Department of Biology & Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Christian Schlechtriem
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Department Bioaccumulation and Animal Metabolism, Auf dem Aberg 1, 57392 Schmallenberg, Germany; Institute of Environmental Research (Biology V), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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14
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Bobori D, Dimitriadi A, Karasiali S, Tsoumaki-Tsouroufli P, Mastora M, Kastrinaki G, Feidantsis K, Printzi A, Koumoundouros G, Kaloyianni M. Common mechanisms activated in the tissues of aquatic and terrestrial animal models after TiO 2 nanoparticles exposure. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 138:105611. [PMID: 32126387 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) are among the most popular manufactured and widely used nanoparticles. They are released into the environment, affecting terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, with unexpected consequences to organisms and human health. The present study investigates the mediated toxicity imposed to the freshwater fish species, zebrafish (Danio rerio) and the prussian carp (Carassius gibelio), and to the terrestrial land snail Cornu aspersum, after their exposure to sublethal concentrations of TiO2-NPs. Oxidative, proteolytic, genotoxic and apoptotic parameters in fish liver and gills, as well as on snail hemocytes were studied and the swimming performance was estimated in order to (a) estimate and suggest the most susceptible animal, and (b) propose a common battery of biomarkers as the most suitable indicator for biomonitoring studies against TiO2-NPs. Our in vivo experiments demonstrated that NPs induced detrimental effects on animal physiology and swimming behavior, while no general pattern was observed in species and tissues responsiveness. Generally, TiO2-NPs seemed to activate a group of molecules that are common for aquatic as well as terrestrial animals, implying the existence of a conserved mechanism. It seems that after exposure to TiO2-NPs, a common mechanism is activated that involves the stimulation of immune system with the production of ROS, damage of lysosomal membrane, protein carbonylation, lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, following proteolysis by ubiquitin and finally apoptosis. Thus, the simultaneous use of the latter biomarkers could be suggested as a reliable multi parameter approach for biomonitoring of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems against TiO2-NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Bobori
- Laboratory of Ichthyology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Stavri Karasiali
- Laboratory of Ichthyology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece; Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Paraskevi Tsoumaki-Tsouroufli
- Laboratory of Ichthyology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece; Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Marina Mastora
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgia Kastrinaki
- Aerosol & Particle Technology Laboratory, CERTH/CPERI, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Feidantsis
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Alice Printzi
- Biology Department, University of Crete, Herakleion, Crete, Greece
| | | | - Martha Kaloyianni
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Weijie M, Chongnv W, Xuming P, Weixin J, Yuhang W, Benhui S. TiO 2 nanoparticles and multi-walled carbon nanotubes monitoring and bioremediation potential using ciliates Pseudocohnilembus persalinus. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 187:109825. [PMID: 31677570 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the release of nanomaterials pollutants to water bodies, to a great extent, attributed to anthropogenic activities. Their impacts on aquatic organisms as well as nanomaterial monitoring and bioremediation using organism have drawn much attentions. However, studies on relationship of nano-contaminants and aquatic organisms are very scarce. Our results showed that titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) and Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) caused an obvious cell decreases on the whole, but a significant increase at 48 h TiO2-NPs exposure, indicating a resistant mechanism in ciliates for nano-toxic. Besides, MWCNTs was more toxic to Pseudocohnilembus persalinus than that of TiO2-NPs in terms of EC50 value. It is firstly found that P. persalinus ingested and released TiO2-NPs through cytostome and cytoproct, which might be the reason that TiO2-NPs less toxic than MWCNTs. The significantly increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzyme activities and expression levels were evaluated by reactive oxygen species ROS generation, which demonstrated that P. persalinus antioxidant defense enzyme played roles on nano-toxic resistant in ciliates. Moreover, the integrated biomarker response (IBR) was also determined, which demonstrated that MWCNTs had comparatively higher values than those of TiO2-NPs after higher concentration exposure to ciliates. In addition, it was confirmed by the present work that sod, gst and cat played different roles on immunity, and the sensitivity of cat gene expression to these two nanomaterials exposure was dissimilar. Damages of shrunk as well as losses of cilia on the cell surface caused by TiO2-NPs and MWCNTs exposure in P. persalinus using SEM revealed possible physical hazards of aggregated nanomaterials. Our findings will be helpful to understand the effect mechanisms of NPs on ciliates, and also demonstrated the possibility of P. persalinus as bio-indicator of nanomaterials in aquatic and potentials on bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu Weijie
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of Aquatic Organisms, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China.
| | - Wang Chongnv
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of Aquatic Organisms, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China
| | - Pan Xuming
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of Aquatic Organisms, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China
| | - Jin Weixin
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of Aquatic Organisms, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China
| | - Wang Yuhang
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of Aquatic Organisms, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China
| | - Shi Benhui
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of Aquatic Organisms, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China
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Interactions of oxidative DNA damage and CYP1A gene expression with the liver enzymes in Klunzinger's mullet exposed to benzo[ a]pyrene. Toxicol Rep 2019; 6:1097-1103. [PMID: 31720230 PMCID: PMC6839019 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2019.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) is an important contaminant whose liver biotransformation is dependent on the species, the route of exposure and the concentration. The goal of this study was to assess the interactions of oxidative DNA damage and CYP1A gene expression with the liver enzymes in Klunzinger’s mullet (Liza klunzingeri) exposed to benzo[a]pyrene. Sublethal doses of B[a]P (5, 10 and 50 mg/kg) were intraperitoneally administered to the fish for 14 days. The alterations in antioxidant enzymes’ activity (SOD, CAT, and GPX), hepatic enzymes’ activity (ALT, AST and ALP), DNA damage (measured by comet assay and cellProfiler software) and CYP1A gene expression in the fish liver were studied on the 1st, 3rd, 7th and 14th days. The determination of these parameters in the liver showed that most of these parameters significantly increased mostly in a time-dependent manner. Multiple regression analysis showed that DNA damage and CYP1A gene expression had positive correlations with the liver enzymes in this fish species intraperitoneally exposed to these concentrations. Moreover, these interactions indicated that theses parameters are sensitive biomarkers for the exposure to B[a]P in Klunzinger's mullet. However, other possible factors and B[a]P metabolites should be considered in future studies for better elucidating the biotransformation mechanisms and introducing better biomarkers of B[a]P.
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Carmo TLL, Siqueira PR, Azevedo VC, Tavares D, Pesenti EC, Cestari MM, Martinez CBR, Fernandes MN. Overview of the toxic effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in blood, liver, muscles, and brain of a Neotropical detritivorous fish. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2019; 34:457-468. [PMID: 30604913 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 -NP) in the blood, liver, muscle, and brain of a Neotropical detritivorous fish, Prochilodus lineatus, was tested. Juvenile fish were exposed to 0, 1, 5, 10, and 50 mg L-1 of TiO2 -NP for 48 hours (acute exposure) or 14 days (subchronic exposure) to evaluate changes in hematology, red blood cell (RBC) genotoxicity/mutagenicity, liver function (reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, antioxidant responses, detoxification, and histopathology), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in muscles and brain, and Ti bioaccumulation. TiO2 -NP did not cause genetic damage to RBC, but acutely decreased white blood cells (WBC) and increased monocytes. Subchronically, RBC decreased, mean cell volume and hemoglobin increased, and WBC and lymphocytes decreased. Therefore, NP has the potential to affect immune system and increase energy expenditure, reducing the fish's ability to avoid predator and to resist pathogens. In the liver, acute exposure decreased ROS and increased glutathione (GSH) content, while subchronic exposure decreased superoxide dismutase activity and increased glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity and GSH content. GSH and GST seem to play an essential role in metabolizing NP and ROS, likely increasing hepatocytes' metabolic rate, which may be the cause of observed cell hypertrophy, disarrangement of hepatic cords and degenerative morphological alterations. Although most studies indicate that the kidney is responsible for metabolizing and/or eliminating TiO2 -NP, this study shows that the liver also has a main role in these processes. Nevertheless, Ti still accumulated in the liver, muscle, and brain and decreased muscular AChE activity after acute exposure, showing neurotoxic potential. More studies are needed to better understand the biochemical pathways TiO2 -NP are metabolized and how its bioaccumulation may affect fish homeostasis and survival in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talita L L Carmo
- Interinstitutional Post-graduation Program in Physiological Sciences, Physiological Sciences Department, Federal University of São Carlos/São Paulo State University, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Priscila R Siqueira
- Post-graduation Program in Ecology and Natural Resources, Physiological Sciences Department, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Vinícius C Azevedo
- Interinstitutional Post-graduation Program in Physiological Sciences, Physiological Sciences Department, Federal University of São Carlos/São Paulo State University, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Driele Tavares
- Interinstitutional Post-graduation Program in Physiological Sciences, Physiological Sciences Department, Federal University of São Carlos/São Paulo State University, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Emanuele C Pesenti
- Genetics Department, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Puerto Rico, Brazil
| | - Marta M Cestari
- Genetics Department, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Puerto Rico, Brazil
| | - Cláudia B R Martinez
- Physiological Sciences Department, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Puerto Rico, Brazil
| | - Marisa N Fernandes
- Physiological Sciences Department, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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Souza IDC, Mendes VAS, Duarte ID, Rocha LD, Azevedo VC, Matsumoto ST, Elliott M, Wunderlin DA, Monferrán MV, Fernandes MN. Nanoparticle transport and sequestration: Intracellular titanium dioxide nanoparticles in a neotropical fish. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 658:798-808. [PMID: 30583175 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NP) with rutile crystalline form and dimensions varying from 43 to 67 nm × 64 to 93 nm are reported for the first time as being sequestered from the environment. TiO2-NP were identified inside all organs/tissues (muscle, kidney, gonad, hepatopancreas and gill) in both the cytoplasm and nucleus of the neotropical fish Centropomus parallelus, captured in an area affected by metallurgical activity. Atmospheric particulate matter (PM) sampled in the same area showed the presence of TiO2-NP with the same rutile crystalline form and dimensions varying from 16 to 93 nm × 45 to 193 nm, thus indicating the smelting and iron processing industries as the most probable source of TiO2-NP. In any sample, chemical analyses identify and quantify Ti concentration and nanocrystallography identified the structure of TiO2-NP. The Ti concentration in the sediment and atmospheric PM varied between years and it was mirrored by the Ti concentration in the fish organs. The gill has a higher Ti concentration varying from 5.50 to 14.57 μg g-1 dry weight and the gonad was the organ with lowest Ti level, 0.25 to 0.87 μg g-1 dry weight. In the muscles, Ti concentration varied from 0.85 to 3.34 μg g-1 dry weight. This contamination may be likely to affect the surrounding biota and food uptake, including the humans living in the city close to the metallurgical complex. These findings emphasised the needs to improve methods to reduce PM (including nanoparticles) arising from human activities and to evaluate the toxicokinetic and effects of TiO2-NP in the biota and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iara da C Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais (PPG-ERN), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Rod. Washington Luiz Km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas (DCF), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Rod. Washington Luiz, km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil; Institute of Estuarine & Coastal Studies (IECS), University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK.
| | - Vitor A S Mendes
- Departamento de Engenharia de Materiais (DEMa), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Rod. Washington Luiz, km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ian D Duarte
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (DBV/UFES), Ave. Fernando Ferrari, 514, 29075-910 Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Livia D Rocha
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (DBV/UFES), Ave. Fernando Ferrari, 514, 29075-910 Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Vinicius C Azevedo
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas (DCF), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Rod. Washington Luiz, km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvia T Matsumoto
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (DBV/UFES), Ave. Fernando Ferrari, 514, 29075-910 Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Michael Elliott
- Institute of Estuarine & Coastal Studies (IECS), University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Daniel A Wunderlin
- ICYTAC: Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Córdoba, CONICET and Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Cdad. Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Magdalena V Monferrán
- ICYTAC: Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Córdoba, CONICET and Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Cdad. Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Marisa N Fernandes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais (PPG-ERN), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Rod. Washington Luiz Km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas (DCF), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Rod. Washington Luiz, km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Torrealba D, More-Bayona JA, Wakaruk J, Barreda DR. Innate Immunity Provides Biomarkers of Health for Teleosts Exposed to Nanoparticles. Front Immunol 2019; 9:3074. [PMID: 30687312 PMCID: PMC6335578 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the unique properties of nanoparticles have fostered novel applications in various fields such as biology, pharmaceuticals, agriculture, and others. Unfortunately, their rapid integration into daily life has also led to environmental concerns due to uncontrolled release of nanoparticles into the aquatic environment. Despite increasing awareness of nanoparticle bioaccumulation in the aquatic environment, much remains to be learned about their impact on aquatic organisms and how to best monitor these effects. Herein, we provide the first review of innate immunity as an emerging tool to assess the health of fish following nanoparticle exposure. Fish are widely used as sentinels for aquatic ecosystem pollution and innate immune parameters offer sensitive and reliable tools that can be harnessed for evaluation of contamination events. The most frequent biomarkers highlighted in literature to date include, but are not limited to, parameters associated with leukocyte dynamics, oxidative stress, and cytokine production. Taken together, innate immunity offers finite and sensitive biomarkers for assessment of the impact of nanoparticles on fish health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Torrealba
- Immunology and Animal Health Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Juan A. More-Bayona
- Immunology and Animal Health Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jeremy Wakaruk
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Daniel R. Barreda
- Immunology and Animal Health Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Copatti CE, Baldisserotto B, Souza CDF, Monserrat JM, Garcia L. Water pH and hardness alter ATPases and oxidative stress in the gills and kidney of pacu ( Piaractus mesopotamicus ). NEOTROPICAL ICHTHYOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20190032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT This study aimed to assess the effects of low and high water hardness in interaction with different water pH in pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus). Pacu juveniles were subjected to low (50 mg CaCO3 L-1 - LWH) or high water hardness (120 mg CaCO3 L-1 - HWH) at water pH of 5.5 (acidic), 7.5 (circumneutral) or 9.0 (alkaline) for 15 days. Gills and kidneys were collected (days 1, 5 and 15). Gill Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) and vacuolar-type H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) activities were higher in alkaline pH with HWH on day 1. Gill and kidney NKA and V-ATPase activities were higher in acidic pH with LWH on day 15. Gill NKA activity of pacus under alkaline pH with LWH was higher than those exposed to HWH. Reduced antioxidant capacity in the gills and kidney and enhanced thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels were demonstrated in fish exposed to acidic or alkaline pH, mainly with LWH. HWH increased glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity and reduced TBARS levels in the gills and kidney. On day 15, GST activity was increased at acidic pH with LWH. In conclusion, circumneutral pH presents less oxidative stress and fewer variations in ATPases and HWH reduced deleterious effects in fish exposed to acidic or alkaline pH.
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Wang Z, Luo H, Xia H. Theaflavins attenuate ethanol‑induced oxidative stress and cell apoptosis in gastric mucosa epithelial cells via downregulation of the mitogen‑activated protein kinase pathway. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:3791-3799. [PMID: 30106096 PMCID: PMC6131224 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethanol‑induced diseases of the gastric mucosa are the most common and refractory diseases of gastrointestinal system in clinic, and are mediated by oxidative stress and apoptosis pathways. Theaflavins (TFs) are considered to be antioxidants. The present study aimed to determine the molecular mechanism underlying the ability of TFs to attenuate ethanol‑induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in GES‑1 gastric mucosa epithelial cells. A Cell Counting Kit‑8 (CCK‑8) assay was performed to investigate the cell viability of GES‑1 cells following administration of ethanol (0.5 mol/l) and subsequent treatment with TFs (20, 40 and 80 µg/ml) for specific time intervals. A carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester assay was used to measure proliferation and further investigate the results of the CCK‑8 assay. Flow cytometry was performed to measure reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and the apoptosis rates of GES‑1 cells. Furthermore, levels of oxidative stress‑associated factors, including malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase and glutathione, were investigated using commercial kits. Reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot assays were performed to determine the expression levels of apoptosis‑associated factors, as well as the phosphorylation levels of extracellular signal‑regulated kinase (ERK), c‑Jun N‑terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 kinase (p38). The results of the present study demonstrated that treatment with ethanol inhibited GES‑1 cell proliferation, and enhanced ROS levels and apoptosis rates, potentially via downregulation of B‑cell lymphoma‑2 (Bcl‑2) expression and upregulation of Bcl‑2‑associated X and caspase‑3 expression levels, as well as enhancing the phosphorylation levels of ERK, JNK and p38. However, treatment with TFs was revealed to attenuate the effects of ethanol administration on GES‑1 cells in a dose‑dependent manner. In conclusion, TFs may attenuate ethanol‑induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in gastric mucosa epithelial cells via downregulation of various mitogen‑activated protein kinase pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Hesheng Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Hong Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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