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Singh K, Malla MA, Kumar A, Yadav S. Biological monitoring of soil pollution caused by two different zinc species using earthworms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-34900-8. [PMID: 39292303 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34900-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) are commonly used in both commercial and agricultural sectors. As a result, ZnO-NPs are extensively discharged into soil ecosystems, creating a significant environmental issue. Therefore, it is crucial to assess their influence on the soil ecology to ensure its secure and enduring utilization in the future. The exact degree of toxicity associated with ZnO-NPs and their ionic form is still uncertain. To address the challenges, the study used the soil bioindicator earthworm species Eudrilus eugeniae as an experimental model to evaluate the effects of two zinc species (ZnO-NPs and ZnCl2) at 100, 250, 500, and 750 mg kg-1 and control (0 mg kg-1) in garden soil over 28 days. The investigation also examined the impact of exposure on survival, reproduction, neuro-biomarker, avoidance behavior, and accumulation. The highest avoidance rates were 27.5% for ZnO-NP and 37.5% for ZnCl2 at 750 mg kg-1. ZnCl2 treatment reduced juvenile production by 3.73 ± 1.73, while ZnO-NPs showed 4.67 ± 1.15. At 750 mg kg-1, soils with ZnCl2 (63.3%) demonstrated lower survival rates than those with ZnO-NPs (53.3%), likely because of higher Zn ion levels. After 28 days of exposure, ZnCl2 (536.32 ± 11 mol min-1) activated AChE enzymes more than ZnO-NPs (497.7 ± 59 mol min-1) at the same dose, compared to control (145.88 ± 28 to 149.41 ± 23 mol min-1). Nanoparticles and zinc ions bioaccumulated and reacted negatively with the neurotoxic marker AChE, affecting earthworm reproduction and behavior. However, earthworms exposed to ZnCl2 exhibited less intestinal Zn than those exposed to NPs. The present work contradicts the finding that ZnO-NPs have hazardous effects on soil organisms. The results indicate that earthworm E. eugeniae may significantly affect soil metal uptake from metallic nanoparticles (NPs). This may help design NP soil pollution mitigation strategies. The study offers valuable information for establishing a relationship between the environmental toxicity of ZnO-NPs and soil ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Singh
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, 470003, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Muneer Ahmad Malla
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, 470003, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Metagenomics and Secretomics Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad (A Central University), Uttar Pradesh, Prayagraj, 211002, India
| | - Shweta Yadav
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, 470003, Madhya Pradesh, India.
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Pang A, Rutter A, Haack E, Zeeb B. Transcriptome analysis of a springtail, Folsomia candida, reveals energy constraint and oxidative stress during petroleum hydrocarbon exposure. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 342:140185. [PMID: 37716568 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Petroleum hydrocarbon (PHC) contamination in soil is ubiquitous and poses harmful consequences to many organisms. The toxicity of PHC-impacted soil is difficult to predict due to variations in mixture composition and the impacts of natural weathering processes. Hence, high-throughput methods to assess PHC-impacted soils is required to expedite land management decisions. Next-generation sequencing is a robust tool that allows researchers to investigate the effects of contaminants on the transcriptome of organisms and identify molecular biomarkers. In this study, the effects of PHCs on conventional endpoints (i.e., survival and reproduction) and gene expression rates of a model springtail species, Folsomia candida were investigated. Age-synchronized F. candida were exposed to ecologically-relevant concentrations of soils spiked with fresh crude oil to calculate the reproductive EC25 and EC50 values using conventional toxicity testing. Soils spiked to these concentrations were then used to evaluate effects on the F. candida transcriptome over a 7-day exposure period. RNA-seq analysis found 98 and 132 differentially expressed genes when compared to the control for the EC25 and EC50 treatment groups, respectively. The majority of up-regulated genes were related to xenobiotic biotransformation reactions and oxidative stress response, while down-regulated genes coded for carbohydrate and peptide metabolic processes. Promotion of the pentose phosphate pathway was also found. Results suggest that the decreased reproduction rates of F. candida exposed to PHCs is due to energy constraints caused by inhibition of carbohydrate metabolic processes and allocation of remaining energy to detoxify xenobiotics. These findings provide insights into the molecular effects in F. candida following exposure to crude oil for seven days and highlight their potential to be used as a high-throughput screening test for PHC-contaminated sites. Adverse molecular effects can be measured as early as 24 h following exposure, whereas conventional toxicity tests may require a minimum of four weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Pang
- School of Environmental Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada.
| | - Allison Rutter
- School of Environmental Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Haack
- Ecometrix Incorporated, 6800 Campobello Road, Mississauga, ON, L5N 2L8, Canada
| | - Barbara Zeeb
- Dept. of Chem. & Chem. Eng., Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, ON, K7K 7B4, Canada
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Roques O, Bayard R, Le Maux J, Patureau D, Nélieu S, Lamy I, Bedell JP. Assessing the chronic toxicity of spreading organic amendments on agricultural soil: Tests on earthworms and plants. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 265:115504. [PMID: 37742581 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Recycling organic wastes on agricultural soils improves the soil quality, but the environmental and health impact of these organic amendments closely depends on their origins, their bio-physicochemical characteristics and the considered organisms potentially affected. The aim of this study was to assess the potential chronic ecotoxicity of spreading organic amendments on agricultural soils. To do this, we characterized three different organic amendments: sewage sludge from an urban wastewater treatment plant, cow manure and liquid dairy manure. Their chronic ecotoxicity was studied through assays exposing earthworms of the species Eisenia fetida and two plants: Medicago sativa and Sinapis alba. Of the three amendments, the sewage sludge presented the highest concentrations of micropollutants and a considerable fraction of available and biodegradable organic matter. The cow manure and liquid dairy manure had lower chemical contamination and similar characteristics with lower biodegradable fractions of their organic matter. No chronic phytotoxicity was evidenced: on the contrary, particularly with sewage sludge, the germination rate and aerial and root biomass of the two plants increased. Considering earthworms, their biomass increased considerably during the reproduction assays in soil amended with sewage sludge, which contained the more bioavailable organic matter. Nonetheless, the earthworms presented an inhibition close to 78% of the production of juveniles when exposed to sewage sludge exceeding 20 g.kg-1 DW (that means 2 times the agronomic dose). This reprotoxic effect was also observed in the presence of liquid dairy manure, but not with cow manure. At the end of the assays, the glycogen and protein reserves in earthworms exposed to sewage sludge were inferior to that of control earthworms, respectively around 50% and 30%. For the earthworms exposed to liquid dairy manure, protein and lipid reserves increased. In the case of liquid dairy manure, this reprotoxic effect did not appear to be linked to the presence of micropollutants. In conclusion, our results confirm the need to use several ecotoxicity assays at different biological levels and with different biological models to assess the ecotoxic impacts of soil amendments. Indeed, although certain organic wastes present a strong nutritional potential for both plants and earthworms, a not inconsiderable risk was apparent for the reproduction of the latter. An integrated ecotoxicity criterion that takes into account a weighted sum of the different results would guide the utilization of organic amendments while ensuring the good health of agricultural ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Roques
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR 5023 LEHNA, F-69518 Vaulx-en-Velin, France; Univ Lyon, INSA Lyon, DEEP, EA7429, 69621 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Rémy Bayard
- Univ Lyon, INSA Lyon, DEEP, EA7429, 69621 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Julia Le Maux
- Univ Lyon, INSA Lyon, DEEP, EA7429, 69621 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Dominique Patureau
- INRAe, Université de Montpellier, LBE, 102 Avenue des étangs, 11100 Narbonne, France
| | - Sylvie Nélieu
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR EcoSys, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Isabelle Lamy
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR EcoSys, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Bedell
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR 5023 LEHNA, F-69518 Vaulx-en-Velin, France.
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Woof L, Cooper S, Kennedy CJ. The effects of SLICE®- and ivermectin-contaminated sediment on avoidance behaviour and oxygen consumption in marine benthic invertebrates. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 191:106155. [PMID: 37690394 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Pest management strategies to reduce sea lice infestations in the salmon aquaculture industry include in-feed treatments with ivermectin (IVM) and SLICE® (active ingredient [AI] emamectin benzoate [EMB]), which can result in local contamination of the environment. These compounds partition to sediments, have moderate persistence, and may pose a risk to non-target benthic organisms. The sub-lethal effects of EMB, IVM and a combination of both (EMB/IVM) on the benthic amphipod Eohaustorius estuarius and polychaete Nereis virens at environmentally relevant sediment concentrations were examined in subchronic exposures (28-30-d). E. estuarius avoided sediment containing >50 μg/kg IVM alone and in combination with EMB. N. virens avoided sediment with >50 μg/kg IVM and >0.5 μg/kg EMB/IVM and exhibited impaired burrowing and locomotory behaviour with both treatments. Oxygen consumption was significantly decreased in E. estuarius (up to 50% compared to controls) and increased in N. virens (by ∼ 200%) when exposed to EMB, IVM and EMB/IVM at concentrations <5 μg/kg. IVM, SLICE® and combination exposures at environmentally relevant concentrations caused adverse effects in E. estuarius and N. virens which could significantly alter organism fitness near salmon aquaculture operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Woof
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Stephanie Cooper
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christopher J Kennedy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.
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Santos D, Abrantes N, Campos I, Domingues I, Lopes I. Impacts of aqueous extracts of wildfire ashes on aquatic life-stages of Xenopus laevis: Influence of plant coverage. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 262:106664. [PMID: 37639824 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Wildfires have emerged as a global ecological concern due to their wide-ranging off-site effects. One particular consequence is the adverse impact on aquatic environments, as wildfires are acknowledged as a significant source of aquatic contamination through ash runoffs containing toxic compounds. Yet, amphibian response to this source of contamination remains largely undocumented. This study assessed how ash runoffs from Eucalyptus sp. and Pinus sp. affect early aquatic life-stages of Xenopus laevis. Embryos and tadpoles were exposed, respectively, for 96 h and 14 days to serial concentrations (26.9% - 100%) of aqueous extracts of ashes (AEAs; 10 gL-1) composed of eucalypt (ELS) and pine (PLS) ashes. Mortality and development were monitored, and biometric data (snout-to-vent, tail and total length, and weight) measured. Sub-individual endpoints regarding oxidative stress (catalase-CAT; total glutathione-TG; lipid peroxidation-TBARS), neurotoxicity (acetylcholinesterase-AChE), transformation metabolism (glutathione-S-transferase-GST) and energetic metabolism (carbohydrate, lipid and protein content and O2 consumption), were also measured. The two AEAs induced no significant lethal effects on embryos or tadpoles. However, in general, AEAs caused a developmental delay in both life stages. Effects of AEAs on biometric endpoint were only reported for tadpoles, which showed a decreased body length (snout-to-vent, tail and total) and weight (embryos were not weighed), with PLS exerting higher effect than ELS. As for the sub-individual endpoints, embryos showed mostly no alterations on the activity of the monitored parameters, except for PLS, which reduced embryos' carbohydrate content (at ≥59.2%) and increased O2 consumption (at ≥35.0%). Regarding tadpoles, AEA exposure decreased the activity of CAT and GST (at ≥26.0%) and decreased carbohydrate (at ≥26.0%) and lipid (at ≥45.5%), whereas oxygen consumption increased (at ≥26.0%) only on PLS. Overall, the tested AEAs differentially affected amphibians across life-stages, indicating that plant coverage might affect ash toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Santos
- CESAM & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - N Abrantes
- CESAM & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - I Campos
- CESAM & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - I Domingues
- CESAM & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - I Lopes
- CESAM & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Kovačević M, Stjepanović N, Hackenberger DK, Lončarić Ž, Hackenberger BK. Comprehensive study of the effects of strobilurin-based fungicide formulations on Enchytraeus albidus. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 31:1554-1564. [PMID: 36462129 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-022-02609-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Excessive application of fungicides in crop fields can cause adverse effects on soil organisms and consequently affect soil properties. Existing knowledge on the effects of strobilurin fungicides has been primarily based on toxicity tests with active ingredients, while the effects of fungicide formulations remain unclear. Therefore, this work aims to provide new data on the effects of three commercial formulations of strobilurin fungicides on the soil organism Enchytraeus albidus. The tested fungicide formulations were Retengo® (pyraclostrobin-PYR), Zato WG 50® (trifloxystrobin-TRI) and Stroby WG® (kresoxim-methyl-KM). In laboratory experiments, multiple endpoints were considered at different time points. The results showed that PYR had the greatest impact on survival and reproduction (LC50 = 7.57 mga.i.kgsoil-1, EC50 = 0.98 mga.i.kgsoil-1), followed by TRI (LC50 = 72.98 mga.i.kgsoil-1, EC50 = 16.93 mga.i.kgsoil-1) and KM (LC50 = 73.12 mga.i.kgsoil-1, EC50 ≥ 30 mga.i.kgsoil-1). After 7 days of exposure, MXR activity was inhibited at the highest concentration of all fungicides tested (6 mgPYRkgsoil-1, 15 mgTRIkgsoil-1 and 30 mgKMkgsoil-1). Furthermore, oxidative stress (induction of SOD, CAT and GST) and lipid peroxidation (increase in MDA) were also observed. In addition, there was a decrease in total available energy after exposure to PYR and KM. Exposure to fungicides resulted in a shift in the proportions of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins affecting the amount of available energy. In addition to the initial findings on the effects of strobilurin formulations on enchytraeids, the observed results suggest that multiple and long-term exposure to strobilurin formulations in the field could have negative consequences on enchytraeid populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Kovačević
- Department of Biology, University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8A, HR-31000, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Nikolina Stjepanović
- Department of Biology, University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8A, HR-31000, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Davorka K Hackenberger
- Department of Biology, University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8A, HR-31000, Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Željka Lončarić
- Department of Biology, University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8A, HR-31000, Osijek, Croatia
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Kovačević M, Stjepanović N, Trigui S, Hackenberger DK, Lončarić Ž, Jovanović Glavaš O, Kallel A, Hackenberger BK. Assessment of adverse effects of olive mill waste water and olive mill waste contaminated soil on springtail Folsomia candida. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 300:134651. [PMID: 35447214 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In recent years significant attention has been given to the problem of olive mill waste towards the environment. Still, there is a considerable gap in the knowledge of the impact of the olive mill wastewater (OMWW) and the olive mill waste contaminated soil (OMW CS) on non-target soil organisms. Springtails, as an important group of non-target soil organisms, are frequently used in ecotoxicological research. However, information on olive mill waste impact on the model species Folsomia candida is scarce. Therefore, in this study, we determined the effects of OMWW and OMW CS on survival, reproduction, neurotoxicity, oxidative stress, and available energy in springtail F. candida. The exposure to different ratios of OMWW and OMW CS showed higher toxicity of OMW CS in terms of survival (LC50 = 32.34% of OMWW; LC50 = 45.36% of OMW CS) and reproduction (EC50 = 10.10% of OMWW; EC50 = 19.44% of OMW CS). Furthermore, neurotoxicity (AChE induction), oxidative stress (SOD, GST, and MDA induction), and changes in available energy (decrease in lipid and carbohydrate content) have been observed. Those negative effects are likely consequences of the high phenol content specific to OMWW and OMW CS. Obtained results indicate that for the ecotoxicological assessment of various wastes it is essential to consider different tier level biomarkers to have a clear insight into the mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Kovačević
- University of Osijek, Department of Biology, Cara Hadrijana 8A, HR-31000, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Nikolina Stjepanović
- University of Osijek, Department of Biology, Cara Hadrijana 8A, HR-31000, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Salsabil Trigui
- Laboratory of Water, Energy and Environment (Lab 3E), Sfax National School of Engineers, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Davorka K Hackenberger
- University of Osijek, Department of Biology, Cara Hadrijana 8A, HR-31000, Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Željka Lončarić
- University of Osijek, Department of Biology, Cara Hadrijana 8A, HR-31000, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Olga Jovanović Glavaš
- University of Osijek, Department of Biology, Cara Hadrijana 8A, HR-31000, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Amjad Kallel
- Laboratory of Water, Energy and Environment (Lab 3E), Sfax National School of Engineers, University of Sfax, Tunisia
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Girardello F, Leite CC, Touguinha LB, Roesch-Ely M, da Silva CKH, de Oliveira RM, Borges DLG, Villela IV, Fernandes AN, Salvador M, Henriques JAP. ZnO nanoparticles alter redox metabolism of Limnoperna fortunei. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:69416-69425. [PMID: 34302239 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15257-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles such as zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NP) that are incorporated in consumer and industrial products have caused concern about their potential ecotoxicological impact when released into the environment. Bivalve mollusks are susceptible targets for nanoparticle toxicity since nanomaterials can enter the cells by endocytosis mechanisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of ZnO-NP on the redox metabolism in Limnoperna fortunei and the DNA damage after exposure to ZnO-NP. Adult bivalves were incubated with 1-, 10-, and 50-μg mL-1 ZnO-NP for 2, 4, and 24 h. Ionic Zn release, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant activity, oxidative damage, and DNA damage were evaluated. Oxidative damage to proteins and lipids were observed after 4-h exposure and returned to baseline levels after 24 h. Superoxide dismutase levels decreased after 4-h exposure and increased after 24 h. No significant alteration was observed in the catalase activity or even DNA double-strand cleavage. The dissociation of ZnO may occur after 24 h, releasing ionic zinc (Zn2+) by hydrolysis, which was confirmed by the increase in the ionic Zn concentration following 24-h exposure. In conclusion, ZnO-NP were able to induce oxidative stress in exposed golden mussels. The golden mussel can modulate its own antioxidant defenses in response to oxidative stress and seems to be able to hydrolyze the nanoparticles and consequently, release Zn2+ into the cellular compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francine Girardello
- Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul (UCS), Rua Francisco Getúlio Vargas 1130, Caxias do Sul, RS, 95070-560, Brazil.
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil.
- Departamento de Biofísica/Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, Campus do Vale Setor 4, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil.
| | - Camila Custódio Leite
- Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul (UCS), Rua Francisco Getúlio Vargas 1130, Caxias do Sul, RS, 95070-560, Brazil
| | - Luciana Bavaresco Touguinha
- Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul (UCS), Rua Francisco Getúlio Vargas 1130, Caxias do Sul, RS, 95070-560, Brazil
| | - Mariana Roesch-Ely
- Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul (UCS), Rua Francisco Getúlio Vargas 1130, Caxias do Sul, RS, 95070-560, Brazil
| | - Chrys Katielli Hoinacki da Silva
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Richard Macedo de Oliveira
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), AC Cidade Universitária, Florianópolis, SC, 88040970, Brazil
| | - Daniel Lazaro Gallindo Borges
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), AC Cidade Universitária, Florianópolis, SC, 88040970, Brazil
| | - Izabel Vianna Villela
- InnVitro Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Rua Mariante 180, Sala 902, Porto Alegre, RS, 90430-180, Brazil
| | - Andreia Neves Fernandes
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Mirian Salvador
- Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul (UCS), Rua Francisco Getúlio Vargas 1130, Caxias do Sul, RS, 95070-560, Brazil
| | - João Antonio Pêgas Henriques
- Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul (UCS), Rua Francisco Getúlio Vargas 1130, Caxias do Sul, RS, 95070-560, Brazil
- Departamento de Biofísica/Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, Campus do Vale Setor 4, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil
- InnVitro Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Rua Mariante 180, Sala 902, Porto Alegre, RS, 90430-180, Brazil
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Fajana HO, Hogan NS, Siciliano SD. Does habitat quality matter to soil invertebrates in metal-contaminated soils? JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 409:124969. [PMID: 33418293 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the influence of habitat quality (HQ) on the reproduction and bioenergetics (energy reserve and metabolic enzyme activities) of the oribatid mite, Oppia nitens, in response to cadmium (Cd). In the baseline toxicity test, Cd elevated the carbohydrate reserve of adult mites at intermediate Cd concentrations (88 and 175 mg Cd kg-1) but without a change in lipid and protein reserve across 0-700 mg Cd kg-1. The activities of glucose metabolism enzymes, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and pyruvate kinase (PK) were inhibited in the mites at 700 mg Cd kg-1. Adult mites reared in high HQ soils had higher reproduction relative to mites from low HQ soils when exposed to Cd in OECD soil, but there was no difference in bioenergetics between mites from low and high HQ soils. Hence, HQ significantly (p = 0.024) influenced the reproduction of mites (i.e., juvenile production) irrespective of the Cd concentration in the OECD soil but did not significantly affect the bioenergetics of the mites. We suggest that habitat quality's effect could be more significant than metal concentration on the biological fitness (juvenile production) of O. nitens in metal-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamzat O Fajana
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada; Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Natacha S Hogan
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada; Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Steven D Siciliano
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada; Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A8, Canada.
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Filipiak ZM, Bednarska AJ. Different effects of Zn nanoparticles and ions on growth and cellular respiration in the earthworm Eisenia andrei after long-term exposure. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 30:459-469. [PMID: 33616802 PMCID: PMC7987695 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-021-02360-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of zinc nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) and ions (ZnCl2) on the mortality, growth, maturation, and cellular respiration of the earthworm Eisenia andrei were assessed. Earthworms were individually exposed for 98 days, starting from the juvenile stage, to soils contaminated with either ZnO-NPs or ZnCl2 (125, 250, 500 and 1000 mg Zn kg-1 dry weight (dw)). Exposure to the highest-concentration ionic treatments (500 and 1000 mg kg-1) caused 100% mortality, while for other treatments, mortality did not exceed 15% at the end of exposure. Compared to the control treatment, both 125-1000 mg kg-1 ZnO-NPs and 125 or 250 mg kg-1 ZnCl2 stimulated earthworm growth, which might be due to a hormetic effect. ZnO-NPs and ZnCl2 caused different responses at medium Zn concentrations (250 and 500 mg kg-1): earthworms exposed to ionic treatment at 250 mg kg-1 were characterized by a significantly lower growth constant, lower cellular respiration rate, later inflection point, and higher final body weight than those exposed to ZnO-NPs treatments at the same (250 mg kg-1) or twice as high (500 mg kg-1) nominal Zn concentrations. However, differences were not observed in all examined parameters between the studied forms when the highest-concentration ZnO-NPs treatment was compared with the lowest-concentration ionic treatment, which was likely due to the same levels of available Zn concentrations in those treatments. Overall, different growth and maturation strategies accompanied by pronounced differences in cellular respiration were adopted by earthworms exposed to low and medium levels of either ZnO-NPs or ZnCl2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna M Filipiak
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka J Bednarska
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Mickiewicza 33, 31-120, Kraków, Poland
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Fernández MD, Obrador A, García-Gómez C. Zn concentration decline and apical endpoints recovery of earthworms (E. andrei) after removal from an acidic soil spiked with coated ZnO nanoparticles. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 211:111916. [PMID: 33485012 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.111916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) can reach soil in both deliberate and non-deliberate ways, which leads to contamination. Notwithstanding knowledge about ZnO-NPs impacts on earthworms inhabiting these soils is limited and gaps appear in the recovery of damaged functions after their migration to unpolluted environments. To estimate these impacts, earthworms (Eisenia andrei) were exposed to different concentrations of coated ZnO-NPs (20, 250, 500, 1000 mgZnkg-1) in an acidic agricultural soil (pH 5.4) for 28 days. Subsequently, earthworms were placed in the same unpolluted soil to study the depletion of Zn accumulated and the recovery potential of the affected functions for another 28-day period.In the exposure phase, ecotoxicological responses were dose-dependent. Mortality and growth were affected at 500 and 1000 mg kg- 1, and the reproduction was impaired from 250 mgZnkg- 1 compared to control (54% fecundity and 80% fertility reduction). Zn uptake increased with coated ZnO-NPs in soil but it did not exceed 163 mgZnkg- 1 earthworm. During the recovery period, the Zn in earthworms were similar to the control regardless of the initially Zn accumulated. Reproduction parameters returned to the control values in the animals pre-exposed to 250 mgZnkg- 1 as coated ZnO-NP. In the earthworms preexposed to the two highest doses, growth and fertility were stimulated compared to the control when placed in clean soil, but not fecundity. However, the total hatchlings number did not reach the control figures after 28 days, but probably would for in longer times, which would be key for maintaining earthworm populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Dolores Fernández
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Departamento de Medio Ambiente y Agronomía, Ctra. A Coruña, km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ana Obrador
- Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Chemical and Food Technology Department, CEIGRAM, Research Centre for the Management of Agricultural and Environmental Risks, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Concepción García-Gómez
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Departamento de Medio Ambiente y Agronomía, Ctra. A Coruña, km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Filipiak M, Woyciechowski M, Czarnoleski M. Stoichiometric niche, nutrient partitioning and resource allocation in a solitary bee are sex-specific and phosphorous is allocated mainly to the cocoon. Sci Rep 2021; 11:652. [PMID: 33436811 PMCID: PMC7804283 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79647-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Life histories of species may be shaped by nutritional limitations posed on populations. Yet, populations contain individuals that differ according to sex and life stage, each of which having different nutritional demands and experiencing specific limitations. We studied patterns of resource assimilation, allocation and excretion during the growth of the solitary bee Osmia bicornis (two sexes) under natural conditions. Adopting an ecological perspective, we assert that organisms ingest mutable organic molecules that are transformed during physiological processes and that the immutable atoms of the chemical elements composing these molecules may be allocated to specific functions, thereby influencing organismal fitness and life history. Therefore, using the framework of ecological stoichiometry, we investigated the multielemental (C, N, S, P, K, Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu) compositions of six components of the bee elemental budget: food (pollen), eggs, pupae, adults, cocoons and excreta. The sexes differed fundamentally in the assimilation and allocation of acquired atoms, elemental phenotypes, and stoichiometric niches for all six components. Phosphorus, which supports larval growth, was allocated mainly (55-75%) to the cocoon after larval development was complete. Additionally, the majority (60-99%) of the Mn, Ca, Mg and Zn acquired during larval development was allocated to the cocoon, probably influencing bee fitness by conferring protection. We conclude that for holometabolous insects, considering only the chemical composition of the adult body within the context of nutritional ecology does not provide a complete picture. Low ratios of C to other nutrients, low N:P and high Na concentrations in excreta and cocoons may be important for local-scale nutrient cycling. Limited access to specific nutritional elements may hinder bee development in a sex-dependent manner, and N and P limitations, commonly considered elsewhere, may not play important roles in O. bicornis. Sexual dimorphism in nutritional limitations due to nutrient scarcity during the larval stage may influence bee population function and should be considered in bee conservation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Filipiak
- grid.5522.00000 0001 2162 9631Faculty of Biology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Michal Woyciechowski
- grid.5522.00000 0001 2162 9631Faculty of Biology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marcin Czarnoleski
- grid.5522.00000 0001 2162 9631Faculty of Biology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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Pérez-Hernández H, Pérez-Moreno A, Sarabia-Castillo CR, García-Mayagoitia S, Medina-Pérez G, López-Valdez F, Campos-Montiel RG, Jayanta-Kumar P, Fernández-Luqueño F. Ecological Drawbacks of Nanomaterials Produced on an Industrial Scale: Collateral Effect on Human and Environmental Health. WATER, AIR, AND SOIL POLLUTION 2021; 232:435. [PMID: 34658457 PMCID: PMC8507508 DOI: 10.1007/s11270-021-05370-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Currently, hundreds of different nanomaterials with a broad application in products that make daily lives a little bit easier, in every aspect, are being produced on an industrial scale at thousands of tons per year. However, several scientists, researchers, politics, and ordinary citizens have stated their concern regarding the life cycle, collateral effects, and final disposal of these cutting-edge materials. This review summarizes, describes, and discusses all manuscripts published in the Journal Citation Reports during the last 10 years, which studied the toxicity or the effects of nanomaterials on human and environmental health. It was observed that 23.62% of the manuscripts analyzed found no ecological or human risks; 54.39% showed that several nanomaterials have toxicological effects on the ecosystems, human, or environmental health. In comparison, only 21.97% stated the nanomaterials had a beneficial impact on those. Although only 54.39% of the manuscripts reported unfavorable effects of nanomaterials on ecosystems, human, or environmental health, it is relevant because the potential damage is invaluable. Therefore, it is imperative to make toxicological studies of nanomaterials with holistic focus under strictly controlled real conditions before their commercialization, to deliver to the market only innocuous and environmentally friendly products.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Pérez-Hernández
- El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Agroecología, Unidad Campeche, 24500 Campeche, Mexico
| | - A. Pérez-Moreno
- Sustainability of Natural Resources and Energy Programs, Cinvestav-Saltillo, 25900 Coahuila, Mexico
| | - C. R. Sarabia-Castillo
- Sustainability of Natural Resources and Energy Programs, Cinvestav-Saltillo, 25900 Coahuila, Mexico
| | - S. García-Mayagoitia
- Sustainability of Natural Resources and Energy Programs, Cinvestav-Saltillo, 25900 Coahuila, Mexico
| | - G. Medina-Pérez
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Tulancingo, Hidalgo C. P. 43000 México
| | - F. López-Valdez
- Agricultural Biotechnology Group, Research Center for Applied Biotechnology (CIBA), Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 90700 Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - R. G. Campos-Montiel
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Tulancingo, Hidalgo C. P. 43000 México
| | - P. Jayanta-Kumar
- Research Institute of Biotechnology & Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, 10326 Republic of Korea
| | - F. Fernández-Luqueño
- Sustainability of Natural Resources and Energy Programs, Cinvestav-Saltillo, 25900 Coahuila, Mexico
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Świątek ZM, Woźnicka O, Bednarska AJ. Unravelling the ZnO-NPs mechanistic pathway: Cellular changes and altered morphology in the gastrointestinal tract of the earthworm Eisenia andrei. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 196:110532. [PMID: 32247243 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A major uptake route of nanoparticles (NPs) occurs via the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. When GI tract cells are exposed, NPs cytotoxic effects are observed that subsequently adversely affect the GI tract morphology and have consequences for the whole organism. The aim of this study was to understand the mechanism of effects caused by ZnO-NPs compared to Zn ions on the earthworm Eisenia andrei. The following aspects of individually exposed earthworms were investigated: 1) qualitative structural alterations in the gut epithelium and chloragogen cells of the GI tract, 2) quantitative changes within chloragogen tissues after 48 h of exposure (using morphometric analysis), and 3) the ADP/ATP ratio in homogenized tissue of the whole organism after 21 days of exposure to contaminated soil (contamination phase) followed by 14 days of elimination in clean soil (decontamination phase) to identify possible recovery. Both ZnO-NPs and Zn ions adversely affect the gut epithelium and chloragogen tissue of earthworms after 48 h of exposure to contaminated soil. Morphometric measurements revealed that the proportions of debris vesicles in the chloragocytes were significantly lower in worms exposed to ZnO-NPs than in worms exposed to Zn ions. Moreover, numerous spherite granules were observed in the chloragocytes of ionic Zn-treated worms, but not the ZnO-NPs-treated worms, suggesting differential regulation of these Zn forms. The Zn cytotoxic effect was not reflected in ADP/ATP ratio measurements. Our study provides new insights into nano-specific effects that are distinctive from ion regulation inside the GI tract and furthers our understanding of the relationship between effects at the cellular and whole-body levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna M Świątek
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Olga Woźnicka
- Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka J Bednarska
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Mickiewicza 33, 31-120, Kraków, Poland.
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