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Rashid A, Ayub M, Gao X, Khattak SA, Ali L, Li C, Ahmad A, Khan S, Rinklebe J, Ahmad P. Hydrogeochemical characteristics, stable isotopes, positive matrix factorization, source apportionment, and health risk of high fluoride groundwater in semiarid region. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 469:134023. [PMID: 38492393 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to high fluoride (F-) levels in groundwater causes community fluorosis and non-carcinogenic health concerns in local people. This study described occurrence, dental fluorosis, and origin of high F-groundwater using δ2H and δ18O isotopes at semiarid Gilgit, Pakistan. Therefore, groundwater (n = 85) was collected and analyzed for F- concentrations using ion-chromatography. The lowest F- concentration was 0.4 mg/L and the highest 6.8 mg/L. F- enrichment is linked with higher pH, NaHCO3, NaCl, δ18O, Na+, HCO3-, and depleted Ca+2 aquifers. The depleted δ2H and δ18O values indicated precipitation and higher values represented the evaporation effect. Thermodynamic considerations of fluorite minerals showed undersaturation, revealing that other F-bearing minerals viz. biotite and muscovite were essential in F- enrichment in groundwater. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) and principal component analysis multilinear regression (PCAMLR) models were used to determine four-factor solutions for groundwater contamination. The PMF model results were accurate and reliable compared with those of the PCAMLR model, which compiled the overlapping results. Therefore, 28.3% exceeded the WHO permissible limit of 1.5 mg/L F-. Photomicrographs of granite rocks showed enriched F-bearing minerals that trigger F- in groundwater. The community fluorosis index values were recorded at > 0.6, revealing community fluorosis and unsuitability of groundwater for drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdur Rashid
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China; National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, 25130, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Ayub
- Department of Botany Hazara University, Mansehra PO 21300 Pakistan
| | - Xubo Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
| | - Seema Anjum Khattak
- National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, 25130, Pakistan
| | - Liaqat Ali
- National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, 25130, Pakistan
| | - Chengcheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Ajaz Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sardar Khan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, PO 25120, Pakistan
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Laboratory of Soil, and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany, GDC, Pulwama 192301, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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Aryan Y, Pon T, Panneerselvam B, Dikshit AK. A comprehensive review of human health risks of arsenic and fluoride contamination of groundwater in the South Asia region. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2024; 22:235-267. [PMID: 38421620 PMCID: wh_2023_082 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2023.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The present study found that ∼80 million people in India, ∼60 million people in Pakistan, ∼70 million people in Bangladesh, and ∼3 million people in Nepal are exposed to arsenic groundwater contamination above 10 μg/L, while Sri Lanka remains moderately affected. In the case of fluoride contamination, ∼120 million in India, >2 million in Pakistan, and ∼0.5 million in Sri Lanka are exposed to the risk of fluoride above 1.5 mg/L, while Bangladesh and Nepal are mildly affected. The hazard quotient (HQ) for arsenic varied from 0 to 822 in India, 0 to 33 in Pakistan, 0 to 1,051 in Bangladesh, 0 to 582 in Nepal, and 0 to 89 in Sri Lanka. The cancer risk of arsenic varied from 0 to 1.64 × 1-1 in India, 0 to 1.07 × 10-1 in Pakistan, 0 to 2.10 × 10-1 in Bangladesh, 0 to 1.16 × 10-1 in Nepal, and 0 to 1.78 × 10-2 in Sri Lanka. In the case of fluoride, the HQ ranged from 0 to 21 in India, 0 to 33 in Pakistan, 0 to 18 in Bangladesh, 0 to 10 in Nepal, and 0 to 10 in Sri Lanka. Arsenic and fluoride have adverse effects on animals, resulting in chemical poisoning and skeletal fluorosis. Adsorption and membrane filtration have demonstrated outstanding treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yash Aryan
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India E-mail:
| | - Thambidurai Pon
- Department of Coastal Disaster Management, School of Physical, Chemical and Applied Sciences, Pondicherry University, Port Blair Campus - 744112, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
| | - Balamurugan Panneerselvam
- Center of Excellence in Interdisciplinary Research for Sustainable Development, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Anil Kumar Dikshit
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
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Kaur L, Rishi MS, Chaudhary BS, Sharma S, Pandey S. Groundwater hydrogeochemistry and non-carcinogenic health risk assessment in major river basins of Punjab, India. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:113335-113363. [PMID: 37848789 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30157-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
The Indian Punjab state is drained by the four rivers, along with a well-connected network of canals, and is now dealing with a slew of water quality issues and problems. In this study, basin-wise hydrogeochemical modelling of 323 groundwater samples and identification of NO3- and F- enrichment pathways in aquifer systems of Punjab were studied using different plots and multivariate statistics. To evaluate the groundwater quality and human health risks, an entropy-based water quality index and Monte Carlo simulation were used, respectively. Spatial distribution of NO3- indicated that its very high values were prominent in parts of southwestern Punjab falling under LSRB, along with few pockets in eastern and northeastern Punjab falling under MSRB and GRB. High NO3- values (> 45.0 mg/L) were found in 15.0% of Ravi River Basin (RRB) groundwater samples, 22.86% of Beas River Basin (BRB), 23.52% of Middle Sutlej River Basin (MSRB), 36.9% of Lower Sutlej River Basin (LSRB), and 21.31% of Ghaggar River Basin (GRB). The spatial distribution of NO3- revealed elevated concentrations (> 100 mg/L) in the southwestern part of Punjab, particularly in LSRB and localized pockets in the eastern and northeastern areas of Punjab within MSRB and GRB. High F- concentration (> 1.5 mg/L) was observed in 15.12% and 21.31% groundwater samples of LSRB and GRB, respectively. Spatially southern parts falling under LSRB and GRB reflected high F- content (> 1.5 mg/L) in groundwater. In LSRB, evaporative and anthropogenic processes influence the groundwater quality. The results of interionic relationships and statistical analysis revealed that NO3- has anthropogenic origin and that is being aggravated by leaching, the evaporation processes, animal excreta, septic tanks and irrigation return flows in LSRB and GRB, while F- is geogenic in nature. Hazard index (HI) values in 14.63%, 22.2%, 24.6%, 49.58%, and 34.42% samples for adults and 21.95%, 27.7%, 42.0%, 72.3%, and 52.46% samples for children were higher than unity in RRB, BRB, MSRB, LSRB, and GRB, respectively. The basin-wise demarcation of various groundwater quality parameter and assessment of human health risk would be of significance for the management of water resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakhvinder Kaur
- Department of Geophysics, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119, Haryana, India.
- Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Sector 14, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
- Department of Environmental Science, Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur Khalsa College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
| | - Madhuri S Rishi
- Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Sector 14, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | | | - Sakshi Sharma
- Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Sector 14, Chandigarh, 160014, India
- Center for International Projects Trust, 95-C, BRS Nagar, Ludhiana, 41012, India
| | - Sanjay Pandey
- Central Ground Water Board, NHR, Dharamsala, 176215, Himachal Pradesh, India
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Li J, Zhou Y, Zhou J, Sun Y, Zeng Y, Ding Q. Hydrogeochemical evidence for fluoride sources and enrichment in desert groundwater: A case study of Cherchen River Basin, northwestern China. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2023; 259:104270. [PMID: 37984164 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2023.104270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The identification of fluoride (F-) sources and enrichment mechanisms is imperative to understand the multiple fluorine (F) pathways, and further, to control regional diffuse F- contamination in groundwater. However, the factors that control high-F- groundwater are not fully understood in desert climate regions. Hence, a sampling campaign was conducted from 71 desert groundwater sites and six river water sites in the Cherchen River Basin (CRB), northwestern China. This study combined hydrochemical compositions with an optimized forward model, with the aim of determining the potential sources and enrichment mechanisms in F--contaminated desert groundwater. Approximately 58.46% of the samples had F- concentrations over the national standard of 1.0 mg/L. More severe F- contamination was found in the multi-layered structured confined aquifer (MCA) of the alluvial plain (1.42 ± 1.11 mg/L). The primary contributors of desert groundwater F- were the dissolution of F-bearing minerals containing evaporite (∼58.80%), silicate (∼15.89%), and carbonate (∼12.94%), followed by the river water input (∼12.08%). In contrast, anthropogenic activities (∼0.16%) and precipitation contributed less to desert groundwater F-. The dissolution equilibrium of CaF2 was important for F- enrichment in desert groundwater. Compared with the piedmont plain, intensive evaporation and salinization were more conducive to F- enrichment in the alluvial plain. Under alkaline condition, the dissolutions of evaporite and fluorite allowed extra F- to release into desert groundwater when Ca2+ and Mg2+ were up to oversaturation. Moreover, the desorption of F- was promoted by competitive adsorption of OH- and HCO3-, and the adsorption capacity of F- was weakened by cation exchange of K++Na+ with Ca2++Mg2+. As a result, desert groundwater had a higher concentration of F- in the alluvial plain. Our study provided a comprehensive understanding of multiple F pathways in desert groundwater. This study also highlights the effect of hydrogeochemical background on high-F- desert groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; Xinjiang Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering Research Center, Urumqi 830052, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Security and Water Disasters Prevention, Urumqi 830052, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Water Quality Engineering and Comprehensive Utilization of Water Resources, Hebei University of Architecture, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
| | - Yinzhu Zhou
- Center for Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, CGS, Baoding 071051, China
| | - Jinlong Zhou
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; Xinjiang Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering Research Center, Urumqi 830052, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Security and Water Disasters Prevention, Urumqi 830052, China.
| | - Ying Sun
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; Xinjiang Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering Research Center, Urumqi 830052, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Security and Water Disasters Prevention, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Yanyan Zeng
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; Xinjiang Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering Research Center, Urumqi 830052, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Security and Water Disasters Prevention, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Qizhen Ding
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; Xinjiang Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering Research Center, Urumqi 830052, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Security and Water Disasters Prevention, Urumqi 830052, China
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Ahamad A, Janardhana Raju N, Madhav S, Ram P. Fluoride in groundwater of industrial town of Sonbhadra district, Uttar Pradesh, India: probable release mechanism and potential health risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:7957-7977. [PMID: 37515726 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01692-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
In the selected study region of Sonbhadra district, coal burning and mining activities are dominant. Previous studies reported F contamination in very few groundwater samples of this region. A detailed study is required to estimate the fluoride in groundwater of this area. Hence, a total of 128 groundwater samples were collected during post- and pre-monsoon seasons in the year 2017 to estimate the F-, its geochemistry, and health risk assessment from Renukoot and Anpara industrial clusters of Sonbhadra district, Uttar Pradesh, India. The pH of groundwater samples varied from slightly acidic to alkaline during both seasons. Almost all the major cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, and K+) and major anions (HCO3-, Cl-, SO42-, and F-) values in groundwater samples of both clusters were found within the permissible limit of World Health Organization (WHO) and Beauro of Indian standards except F- in both seasons. The scatter plots of F- with Ca2+, Na+, HCO3-, and pH are used to explain the release mechanism of fluoride in groundwater. Saturation indices (SI) calcite versus SI fluorite and SI dolomite versus SI fluorite plots of both clusters used to check the involvement of these minerals in fluoride enrichment of aquifers. F- contamination in groundwater due to coal burning in coal mining and thermal power plant dominated region is discussed globally and locally both. The non-carcinogenic health risk due to consumption of fluoride-contaminated water is estimated by using target hazard quotient (THQ). THQ values of F- showed that children are at high risk than adults in both clusters of the study area during both seasons. Pictorial representation is used to show the dental fluorosis cases in children of the study region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Ahamad
- Department of Environmental Science, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University), New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - N Janardhana Raju
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| | - Sughosh Madhav
- Department of Civil Engineering, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University), New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Prahlad Ram
- DST-SERB, Technology Bhawan, New Mehrauli Road, New Delhi, 110030, India
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Iqbal J, Su C, Wang M, Abbas H, Baloch MYJ, Ghani J, Ullah Z, Huq ME. Groundwater fluoride and nitrate contamination and associated human health risk assessment in South Punjab, Pakistan. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:61606-61625. [PMID: 36811779 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25958-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of high fluoride (F-) and nitrate (NO3-) containing water may pose serious health hazards. One hundred sixty-one groundwater samples were collected from drinking wells in Khushab district, Punjab Province, Pakistan, to determine the causes of elevated F- and NO3- concentrations, and to estimate the human health risks posed by groundwater contamination. The results showed pH of the groundwater samples ranged from slightly neutral to alkaline, and Na+ and HCO3- ions dominated the groundwater. Piper diagram and bivariate plots indicated that the key factors regulating groundwater hydrochemistry were weathering of silicates, dissolution of evaporates, evaporation, cation exchange, and anthropogenic activities. The F- content of groundwater ranged from 0.06 to 7.9 mg/L, and 25.46% of groundwater samples contained high-level fluoride concentration (F- > 1.5 mg/L), which exceeds the (WHO Guidelines for drinking-water quality: incorporating the first and second addenda, WHO, Geneva, 2022) guidelines of drinking-water quality. Inverse geochemical modeling indicates that weathering and dissolution of fluoride-rich minerals were the primary causes of F- in groundwater. High F- can be attributed to low concentration of calcium-containing minerals along the flow path. The concentrations of NO3- in groundwater varied from 0.1 to 70 mg/L; some samples are slightly exceeding the (WHO Guidelines for drinking-water quality: incorporating the first and second addenda, WHO, Geneva, 2022) guidelines for drinking-water quality. Elevated NO3- content was attributed to the anthropogenic activities revealed by PCA analysis. The high levels of nitrates found in the study region are a result of various human-caused factors, including leaks from septic systems, the use of nitrogen-rich fertilizers, and waste from households, farming operations, and livestock. The hazard quotient (HQ) and total hazard index (THI) of F- and NO3- showed high non-carcinogenic risk (> 1) via groundwater consumption, demonstrating a high potential risk to the local population. This study is significant because it is the most comprehensive examination of water quality, groundwater hydrogeochemistry, and health risk assessment in the Khushab district to date, and it will serve as a baseline for future studies. Some sustainable measures are urgent to reduce the F- and NO3- content in the groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javed Iqbal
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Chunli Su
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Mengzhu Wang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Hasnain Abbas
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | | | - Junaid Ghani
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Zahid Ullah
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Md Enamul Huq
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
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Wang S, Chen J, Jiang W, Zhang S, Jing R, Yang S. Identifying the geochemical evolution and controlling factors of the shallow groundwater in a high fluoride area, Feng County, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:20277-20296. [PMID: 36251195 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23516-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how groundwater is formed and evolves is critical for water resource exploitation and utilization. In this study, hydrochemistry and stable isotope tracing techniques were adopted to determine the key factors influencing groundwater chemical evolution in Feng County. A total of fourteen wells and five surface water samples were investigated in November 2021. The δD and δ18O compositions show that both surface water and groundwater are recharged from atmospheric precipitation. The dominating order of cations and anions in groundwater appears to be Na+ > Mg2+ > Ca2+ > K+ and HCO3- > SO42- > Cl- > NO3- > F-, respectively. The groundwater hydrochemical facies are mainly characterized by HCO3-Ca-Mg and SO4-Cl-Na types. The chemical evolution of groundwater is dominated by water-rock interaction and cation exchange reactions. The major ions in groundwater are mainly controlled by various geogenic processes including halite, gypsum, calcite, dolomite, Glauber's salt, feldspar, and fluorite dissolution/precipitation. Furthermore, the abundant fluoride-bearing sediments, together with low Ca2+, promote the formation of high F- groundwater. Approximately 85.7% and 28.6% of groundwater samples exceeded the permissible limit for F- and NO3- respectively. Apart from geogenic F-, human interventions (i.e., industrial fluoride-containing wastewater discharge and agricultural phosphate fertilizer uses) also regulate the F- enrichment in the shallow groundwater. Nitrate pollution of the groundwater may be attributed to domestic waste and animal feces. Our findings could provide valuable information for the sustainable exploitation of groundwater in the study area and the development of effective management strategies by the authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou Wang
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No.8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing, 211100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Chen
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No.8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing, 211100, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Wei Jiang
- Rural Water Conservancy Science and Technology Development Center, Water Resources Department of Jiangsu Province, No.5 Shanghai Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuxuan Zhang
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No.8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing, 211100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ran Jing
- Water Resources Bureau of Feng County, No.68 Xiangyang Road, Xuzhou, 221799, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shengyun Yang
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No.8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing, 211100, Jiangsu, China
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Bahir M, El Mountassir O, Dhiba D, Chehbouni A, Carreira PM, elbiar H. Combining stable isotope and WQI methods to study the groundwater quality: a case study in Essaouira city, Morocco. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2022; 4:317. [PMID: 36313600 PMCID: PMC9589700 DOI: 10.1007/s42452-022-05165-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Groundwater is an important water resource in arid and semi-arid regions. Therefore, this study aimed to assess groundwater's suitability for drinking and irrigation using the Water Quality Index (WQI) and the Irrigation Water Quality Index (IWQI). To this end, groundwater data were collected from 58 sites in 2019 (wet season) and 61 samples in 2020 (dry season) in the Meskala-Ouazzi sub-basin. The Piper diagram showed that Ca–Mg–Cl was the dominant groundwater facies type. The confinement due to COVID-19 has significantly improved the water quality of the Meskala-Ouazzi sub-basin. Instead, approximately 50% of sites showed improved water quality when calculating the WQI and IWQI. However, the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) showed that most samples below 10 are found in all of the examined samples, which are mostly found, indicating excellent irrigation water, and the Wilcox diagram depicted 20.14% of samples lying in the unsuitable region. Stable isotopes (δ18O and δ2H) of groundwater reveal that local precipitation is the main source of recharge. However, groundwater recharge is affected by the evaporation process due to the different geological conditions caused by topographic differences in the study area. The present study is useful for proper planning and managing water resources available for consumption and irrigation. Water quality has improved during lockdown due to COVID-19. Assessment of water drinking and irrigation by two models (WQI, and IWQI) in a semi-arid environment. The main source of groundwater recharge in coastal aquifers is rainfall, based on a stable isotope (δ2H, δ18O).
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Saeed M, Rehman MYA, Farooqi A, Malik RN. Arsenic and fluoride co-exposure through drinking water and their impacts on intelligence and oxidative stress among rural school-aged children of Lahore and Kasur districts, Pakistan. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2022; 44:3929-3951. [PMID: 34751868 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-01141-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As), and fluoride (F-) are potent contaminants with established carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic impacts on the exposed populations globally. Despite elevated groundwater As and F- levels being reported from various regions of Pakistan no biomonitoring study has been reported yet to address the co-exposure impact of As and F- among school children. We aimed to investigate the effects of these two contaminants on dental fluorosis and intelligence quotient (IQ) along with the induction of oxidative stress in rural children under co-exposed conditions. A total of 148 children (5 to 16 years old) from the exposed and control group were recruited in the current study from endemic rural areas of Lahore and Kasur districts, Pakistan having elevated As and F- levels in drinking water than permissible limits. We monitored malondialdehyde and its probable association with antioxidants activity (SOD, CAT, and GR) as a biomarker of oxidative stress. GSTM1/T1 polymorphisms were measured to find the impact of As on health parameters. Mean urinary concentrations of As (2.70 vs. 0.016 µg/L, P < 0.000) and F- (3.27 vs. 0.24 mg/L, P < 0.000) as well as the frequency of dental fluorosis were found elevated among the exposed group. The cases of children with lower IQ were observed high in the exposed group. Additionally, lower concentrations of antioxidants (SOD, CAT, and GR) were found suggesting high susceptibility to F- toxicity. The findings suggest that F- accounted for high variations in health parameters of children under the co-exposure conditions with As.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saeed
- Environmental Health and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Yasir Abdur Rehman
- Environmental Health and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Abida Farooqi
- Environmental Geochemistry Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Riffat Naseem Malik
- Environmental Health and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
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Ling Y, Podgorski J, Sadiq M, Rasheed H, Eqani SAMAS, Berg M. Monitoring and prediction of high fluoride concentrations in groundwater in Pakistan. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 839:156058. [PMID: 35605865 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of naturally occurring fluoride in groundwater exceeding the WHO guideline of 1.5 mg/L have been detected in many parts of Pakistan. This may lead to dental or skeletal fluorosis and thereby poses a potential threat to public health. Utilizing a total of 5483 fluoride concentrations, comprising 2160 new measurements as well as those from other sources, we have applied machine learning techniques to predict the probability of fluoride in groundwater in Pakistan exceeding 1.5 mg/L at a 250 m spatial resolution. Climate, soil, lithology, topography, and land cover parameters were identified as effective predictors of high fluoride concentrations in groundwater. Excellent model performance was observed in a random forest model that achieved an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.92 on test data that were not used in modeling. The highest probabilities of high fluoride concentrations in groundwater are predicted in the Thar Desert, Sargodha Division, and scattered along the Sulaiman Mountains. Applying the model predictions to the population density and accounting for groundwater usage in both rural and urban areas, we estimate that about 13 million people may be at risk of fluorosis due to consuming groundwater with fluoride concentrations >1.5 mg/L in Pakistan, which corresponds to ~6% of the total population. Both the fluoride prediction map and the health risk map can be used as important decision-making tools for authorities and water resource managers in the identification and mitigation of groundwater fluoride contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Ling
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department Water Resources and Drinking Water, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Joel Podgorski
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department Water Resources and Drinking Water, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
| | - Muhammad Sadiq
- Public Health and Environment Division, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hifza Rasheed
- National Water Quality Laboratory, Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources (PCRWR), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Michael Berg
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department Water Resources and Drinking Water, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
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11
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Huang L, Sun Z, Zhou A, Bi J, Liu Y. Source and enrichment mechanism of fluoride in groundwater of the Hotan Oasis within the Tarim Basin, Northwestern China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 300:118962. [PMID: 35131332 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In arid inland irrigated areas, the role of human activities on fluoride enrichment in groundwater is not fully understood. There is an extremely arid climate, high-intensity irrigation, and severe soil salinization in the Hotan Oasis within the Tarim Basin, Northwestern China. In this study, hydrogeochemistry and environmental isotope methods were combined to explore the distribution characteristics and controlling processes of fluoride enrichment in groundwater. The F- concentration in groundwater had a range of 1.12-9.4 mg/L. F- concentrations of all the groundwater samples were higher than 1.0 mg/L (Chinese Standards for Drinking Water Quality), and about 89% were higher than 1.5 mg/L (WHO Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality). High fluoride groundwater was mainly distributed downstream of the river and in the middle of the interfluvial zone. Vertically, the fluoride concentration was higher when the sampling depth was less than 15 m. There was a significant positive correlation between F- concentration and salinity in groundwater. F- in groundwater was mainly derived from river water fluoride, which could be imported to groundwater with infiltration of rivers and irrigation canals as well as irrigation return flow. Anthropogenic inputs may be partly responsible for fluoride enrichment in groundwater. Fluoride accumulated in the vadose zone by strong evapotranspiration and then leached into groundwater with irrigation return flow was the main mechanism of F- enrichment in groundwater in the study area. This work is a clear example of how human activities together with natural processes can affect the chemical quality of groundwater, which is essential to safeguard the sustainable management of water and soil resources inland arid oasis areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Huang
- Institute of Geological Survey, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Ziyong Sun
- School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Aiguo Zhou
- Institute of Geological Survey, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Junbo Bi
- Xi'an Center of Geological Survey, Chinese Geological Survey, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Yunde Liu
- School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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12
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Masood N, Hudson-Edwards KA, Farooqi A. Groundwater nitrate and fluoride profiles, sources and health risk assessment in the coal mining areas of Salt Range, Punjab Pakistan. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2022; 44:715-728. [PMID: 34037891 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-00987-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To assess the loading profiles of groundwater nitrate (NO3-) and fluoride (F-), their spatial distributions, geochemistry and associated health risks were determined for 131 groundwater samples from eastern (ESR), central (CSR) and Trans-Indus Salt Ranges (TSR) in Pakistan. Groundwater NO3- concentrations were 0.2-308 mg/L (mean 59 mg/L) in ESR, 2.7-203 mg/L (mean 73 mg/L) in CSR and 1.1-259 mg/L (mean 69 mg/L) in the TSR. Forty-one %, 57% and 36% of the ESR, CSR and TSR samples, respectively, exceeded the WHO and Pak-NEQs permissible limit of 50 mg/L NO3-. Likewise, groundwater F- concentrations ranged from 0.1-1.8 mg/L (mean 0.6 mg/L), 0.1-2.7 mg/L (mean 0.9 mg/L) and 0.3-2.5 mg/L (mean 1.6 mg/L) mg/L in the ESR, CSR and TSR sites, respectively. In this case, 3%, 17% and 27% of the ESR, CSR and TSR samples, respectively, exceeded the WHO and Pak-NEQs permissible limit of 1.5 mg/L F. Oxidation of coal and coal waste resulted in the release of NO3- to groundwater. By contrast, enrichment of F- in groundwater was due to dissolution and cation exchange processes. Elevated values of the Higher Pollution Index (PI) and Health Risk Index (HRI) reflect a non-acceptable carcinogenic risk for drinking water NO3- and F- which should be addressed on a priority basis to protect human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noshin Masood
- Environmental Geochemistry Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, PO, Pakistan
| | - Karen A Hudson-Edwards
- Environment & Sustainability Institute and Camborne School of Mines, University of Exeter, Penryn, TR10 9EZ, UK
| | - Abida Farooqi
- Environmental Geochemistry Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, PO, Pakistan.
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13
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Oyagbemi AA, Adejumobi OA, Jarikre TA, Ajani OS, Asenuga ER, Gbadamosi IT, Adedapo ADA, Aro AO, Ogunpolu BS, Hassan FO, Falayi OO, Ogunmiluyi IO, Omobowale TO, Arojojoye OA, Ola-Davies OE, Saba AB, Adedapo AA, Emikpe BO, Oyeyemi MO, Nkadimeng SM, McGaw LJ, Kayoka-Kabongo PN, Oguntibeju OO, Yakubu MA. Clofibrate, a Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-Alpha (PPARα) Agonist, and Its Molecular Mechanisms of Action against Sodium Fluoride-Induced Toxicity. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:1220-1236. [PMID: 33893992 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02722-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Sodium fluoride (NaF) is one of the neglected environmental pollutants. It is ubiquitously found in the soil, water, and environment. Interestingly, fluoride has been extensively utilized for prevention of dental caries and tartar formation, and may be added to mouthwash, mouth rinse, and toothpastes. This study is aimed at mitigating fluoride-induced hypertension and nephrotoxicity with clofibrate, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARα) agonist. For this study, forty male Wistar rats were used and randomly grouped into ten rats per group, control, sodium fluoride (NaF; 300 ppm) only, NaF plus clofibrate (250 mg/kg) and NaF plus lisinopril (10 mg/kg), respectively, for 7 days. The administration of NaF was by drinking water ad libitum, while clofibrate and lisinopril were administered by oral gavage. Administration of NaF induced hypertension, and was accompanied with exaggerated oxidative stress; depletion of antioxidant defence system; reduced nitric oxide production; increased systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressure; activation of angiotensin-converting enzyme activity and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB); and testicular apoptosis. Treatment of rats with clofibrate reduced oxidative stress, improved antioxidant status, lowered high blood pressure through the inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme activity, mineralocorticoid receptor over-activation, and abrogated testicular apoptosis. Taken together, clofibrate could offer exceptional therapeutic benefit in mitigating toxicity associated with sodium fluoride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ademola Adetokunbo Oyagbemi
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | - Olumuyiwa Abiola Adejumobi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Theophilus Aghogho Jarikre
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olumide Samuel Ajani
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ebunoluwa Racheal Asenuga
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Benin, Benin, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Abimbola Obemisola Aro
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida, South Africa
| | - Blessing Seun Ogunpolu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Fasilat Oluwakemi Hassan
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olufunke Olubunmi Falayi
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Iyanuoluwa Omolola Ogunmiluyi
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Temidayo Olutayo Omobowale
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Olufunke Eunice Ola-Davies
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Adebowale Benard Saba
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Adeolu Alex Adedapo
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Benjamin Obukowho Emikpe
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Sanah Malomile Nkadimeng
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Old Soutpan Road, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, 0110, South Africa
| | - Lyndy Joy McGaw
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Old Soutpan Road, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, 0110, South Africa
| | - Prudence Ngalula Kayoka-Kabongo
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida, South Africa
| | - Oluwafemi Omoniyi Oguntibeju
- Phytomedicine and Phytochemistry Group, Oxidative Stress Research Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, Cape Town, 7535, South Africa
| | - Momoh Audu Yakubu
- Department of Environmental & Interdisciplinary Sciences, College of Science, Engineering & Technology, Vascular Biology Unit, Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX, USA
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14
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Jiang W, Sheng Y, Liu H, Ma Z, Song Y, Liu F, Chen S. Groundwater quality assessment and hydrogeochemical processes in typical watersheds in Zhangjiakou region, northern China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:3521-3539. [PMID: 34389942 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15644-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
It is of significance to elucidate the groundwater quality and hydrogeochemical processes for sustainable utilization of groundwater resources in water shortage regions. A total of 256 groundwater samples were collected in typical watersheds in Zhangjiakou, northern China. The hydrochemical parameters, conventional ions, and trace elements were measured, and δD and δ18O data were collected to delineate the groundwater quality and hydrogeochemical processes. The results showed that 32.91% of the groundwater could be directly used for drinking water sources in the Bashang Plateau, north of the study area. The F- and NO3--N were the main parameters above the standard threshold for drinking water. In contrast, the groundwater quality in the Baxia River Basins, south of the study area, was of a better scenario. Nonetheless, high concentrations of F-, total hardness, and SO42- were still observed. Most samples in the Bashang Plateau had relatively higher salinity than the Baxia River Basins. Both surface water and groundwater in the study area originated from local meteoric water with considerable hydraulic connections. The high-fluoride groundwater was primarily formed by dissolution of fluoride-rich minerals under conditions of high pH and Na+, low Ca2+, and rich in HCO3-. The dissolution of carbonate and silicate minerals accompanied by strong cation exchange and weak evaporation was the dominant water-rock interaction affecting the hydrochemical composition of groundwater, and anthropogenic NO3- input had an extra influence on hydrochemical process. This study provides a scientific guideline for the protection and allocation of local groundwater resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanjun Jiang
- Tianjin Center, China Geological Survey (CGS), Tianjin, 300170, China
- North China Center of Geoscience Innovation, Tianjin, 300170, China
| | - Yizhi Sheng
- Department of Geology and Environmental Earth Science, Miami University, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA.
| | - Hongwei Liu
- Tianjin Center, China Geological Survey (CGS), Tianjin, 300170, China.
- North China Center of Geoscience Innovation, Tianjin, 300170, China.
| | - Zhen Ma
- Tianjin Center, China Geological Survey (CGS), Tianjin, 300170, China
- North China Center of Geoscience Innovation, Tianjin, 300170, China
| | - Yaxin Song
- China Non-ferrous Metals Resource Geological Survey, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Futian Liu
- Tianjin Center, China Geological Survey (CGS), Tianjin, 300170, China
- North China Center of Geoscience Innovation, Tianjin, 300170, China
| | - Sheming Chen
- Tianjin Center, China Geological Survey (CGS), Tianjin, 300170, China
- North China Center of Geoscience Innovation, Tianjin, 300170, China
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15
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Xiao Y, Hao Q, Zhang Y, Zhu Y, Yin S, Qin L, Li X. Investigating sources, driving forces and potential health risks of nitrate and fluoride in groundwater of a typical alluvial fan plain. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 802:149909. [PMID: 34525690 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater of alluvial fan plains is the foremost water source, especially in arid/semiarid regions. Its contaminants are big issues for water supply and public health concern. To reveal the groundwater chemistry, contaminants sources and health threats in alluvial aquifers, 81 groundwaters were collected from a typical alluvial fan plain of northern China for nitrogen, fluoride and major ions analysis. Statistical analysis and hydrochemical diagrams as well as human health risk assessment were performed. Nitrate is widely distributed and 53% of groundwaters exceed the permissible limit with the maximum concentration up to 326 mg/L. The distributions of nitrite, ammonia and fluoride contaminants are sporadic in spatial, and the concentrations of fluoride in groundwaters are slightly beyond the permissible limit of 1 mg/L. The hydrochemical facies shift from HCO3-Ca or Mixed HCO3-Na·Ca type to Mixed Cl-Mg·Ca and ClCa type with the increase of nitrate content. Two factors (Factor-1 and Factor-2) are extracted by factor analysis and account 63% of the total variances. The positive loading of F- and negative loading of NO3- on Factor-2 reveal geogenic and anthropogenic origins, respectively. The significant positive loadings of TDS, TH, SO42-, Cl-, Ca2+, Mg2+ on Factor-1 reveal the governing mechanisms on groundwater chemistry by intermixed sources of geogenic origins and anthropogenic inputs. Hydrogeochemical evolution in the study area is driven by both water-rock interaction and anthropogenic forces. Anthropogenic inputs/influences are the dominated forces increasing groundwater nitrate content and salinity in the piedmont zone and the residential and industrial zone of the southeastern lower parts, and would pose potential non-carcinogenic risks to various populations via oral intake pathway. Rational measures should be taken to protect groundwater quality out of the threats of anthropogenic pollution. The geogenic fluoride in groundwater would threat the health of children through oral pathway and should be also concerned. CAPSULE: The driving forces of groundwater chemistry in alluvial fan plains were revealed using integrated approach of factor analysis and geostatistical modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Xiao
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China; Yibin Research Institute, Southwest Jiaotong University, Yibin 644000, China.
| | - Qichen Hao
- Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Science, Shijiazhuang 050061, China.
| | - Yunhui Zhang
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China; Yibin Research Institute, Southwest Jiaotong University, Yibin 644000, China
| | - Yuchen Zhu
- Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Science, Shijiazhuang 050061, China
| | - Shiyang Yin
- School of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Limao Qin
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China
| | - Xiaohan Li
- Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Science, Shijiazhuang 050061, China
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16
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Saeed M, Rehman MYA, Farooqi A, Malik RN. WITHDRAWN: Co-exposure effects of arsenic and fluoride on intelligence and oxidative stress in school-aged children: A cohort study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 196:110168. [PMID: 32919972 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saeed
- Environmental Health Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Yasir Abdur Rehman
- Environmental Health Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Abida Farooqi
- Environmental Geochemistry Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Riffat Naseem Malik
- Environmental Health Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
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17
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Li DS, Cui BL, Wang Y, Wang YX, Jiang BF. Source and Quality of Groundwater Surrounding the Qinghai Lake, NE Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. GROUND WATER 2021; 59:245-255. [PMID: 32841361 DOI: 10.1111/gwat.13042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Comprehensive studies on the spatial distribution, water quality, recharge source, and hydrochemical evolution of regional groundwater form the foundation of rational utilization of groundwater resources. In this study, we investigated the water levels, hydrochemistry, and stable isotope composition of groundwater in the vicinity of the Qinghai Lake in China to reveal its recharge sources, hydrochemical evolution, and water quality. The level of groundwater relative to the level of water in the Qinghai Lake ranged from -1.27 to 122.91 m, indicating most of the groundwater to be flowing into the lake. The local evaporation line (LEL) of groundwater was simulated as δ2 H = 6.08 δ18 O-3.01. The groundwater surrounding the Qinghai Lake was primarily recharged through local precipitation at different altitudes. The hydrochemical type of most of the groundwater samples was Ca-Mg-HCO3 ; the hydrochemistry was primarily controlled by carbonate dissolution during runoff. At several locations, the ionic concentrations in groundwater exceeded the current drinking water standards making it unsuitable for drinking. The main source of nitrate in groundwater surrounding the Qinghai Lake was animal feces and sewage, suggesting that groundwater pollution should be mitigated in areas practicing animal husbandry in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, regardless of industrial and urbanization rates being relatively low in the region. The scientific planning, engineering, and management of livestock manure and wastewater discharge from animal husbandry practices is a crucial and is urgently required in the Tibetan Plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Sheng Li
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ludong University, No.186, Hongqi Mid-Road, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Bu-Li Cui
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ludong University, No.186, Hongqi Mid-Road, Yantai, 264025, China
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.97, Yanxiang Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ludong University, No.186, Hongqi Mid-Road, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Ya-Xuan Wang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ludong University, No.186, Hongqi Mid-Road, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Bao-Fu Jiang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ludong University, No.186, Hongqi Mid-Road, Yantai, 264025, China
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18
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Feng F, Jia Y, Yang Y, Huan H, Lian X, Xu X, Xia F, Han X, Jiang Y. Hydrogeochemical and statistical analysis of high fluoride groundwater in northern China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:34840-34861. [PMID: 32638308 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09784-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the formation of high fluoride (F-) groundwater in water-scarce northern China is critical for the sustainable development of the region. This study investigates the effects of F- enrichment in groundwater from seven typical regions of northern China, including Datong, Guide, Junggar, Yinchuan, Taiyuan, and Tarim basins and the North China Plain. A literature survey of 534 samples of selected regions showed that 45.13% of groundwater F- exceeded the 1.0 mg/L of Chinese drinking water guideline. Based on the geological background and hydrogeochemical analysis, in Datong and Yinchuan basins and part of the North China Plain, the main types of groundwater are soda water and controlling processes of F- enrichment are salinization, mineral dissolution, and desorption. In Taiyuan and Guide basins with Cl-Na water type, F- enrichment is mainly affected by salinization, cation exchange, and evaporation. The hydrogeochemical characteristics of high F- groundwater in Tarim and Junggar basins reflect the extent of salinization and weathering dissolution of minerals in groundwater. According to PCA, the contribution of salinization and mineral dissolution to F- enrichment is relatively high. Under the alkaline condition, groundwater with high Cl-, HCO3-, and Na+ concentration favors F- enrichment. Based on HCA, index clustering category I explains the influence of pH and buried depth on F- enrichment, and category II explains the effect of different ions. It is concluded that F- enrichment in groundwater is related to hydrogeochemical processes and hydrogeological conditions. The hydrogeochemical and alkaline conditions of groundwater are regulated by mineral dissolution, ion exchange, and evaporation, resulting in different degrees of F- enrichment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 100012, Beijing, PR China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 100012, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yongfeng Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 100012, Beijing, PR China.
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 100012, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Yu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 100012, Beijing, PR China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 100012, Beijing, PR China
| | - Huan Huan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 100012, Beijing, PR China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 100012, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xinying Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 100012, Beijing, PR China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 100012, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiangjian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 100012, Beijing, PR China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 100012, Beijing, PR China
| | - Fu Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 100012, Beijing, PR China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 100012, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 100012, Beijing, PR China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 100012, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yonghai Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 100012, Beijing, PR China.
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 100012, Beijing, PR China.
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19
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A Case Study of the Water Abundance Evaluation of Roof Aquifer Based on the Development Height of Water-Conducting Fracture Zone. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13164095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the eastern mining area of Ningxia, China, multi-layered sandstone aquifers are widely distributed in the underground. However, the water abundance of these aquifers is not clear, which brings great challenges to the prevention and control of mine water disaster. In this paper, five mining areas in eastern Ningxia were taken as the study area, and the distribution characteristics of aquifer and the mine water filling source were analyzed through the analysis of geological data and numerical simulation. Finally, the lithology influencing index (LII) was constructed, and the water abundance of the aquifer was evaluated. The results show that the sandstone aquifer III in the lower part of the Jurassic Zhiluo formation is the main water-source aquifer of the #2 coal seam in the study area, while the middle aquifer II and the upper aquifer I are indirect water-source aquifers; the areas with extremely strong and strong water abundance are Maiduoshan, Hongliu, the south of Shicaocun, southeast and southwest of Meihuajing, and the central and southern areas of Shuangma mining areas; when the depth of water drainage boreholes in the roof reaches the development height of the water-conducting fracture zone, the pre-drainage measures can effectively control the mining inrush water of the working face and ensure the safety production. This research is of great significance to the prevention and control of mine water disaster.
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20
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Wei W, Wang Q, Pang S, Tan S, Sun J, Li M, Wang S, Sun D. Excessive fluoride exposure induces thymocyte apoptosis and impairs cell division: Roles of the PERK and IRE1 pathways. Toxicol Lett 2020; 328:35-44. [PMID: 32335163 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, China; Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health (23618504), Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, China; Institution of Environmentally Related Diseases, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, China.
| | - Qian Wang
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, China
| | - Shujuan Pang
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, China; Qingdao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Qingdao Hiser hospital), Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266033, China
| | - Shiwen Tan
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, China
| | - Mengdi Li
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, China
| | - Shize Wang
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, China
| | - Dianjun Sun
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, China
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Socioeconomic and recharge effect on spatial changes in the groundwater chemistry of Punjab, Pakistan: a multivariate statistical approach. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-03255-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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