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Berg M, Berg U, Mapatano E, Mukwege D. Caesarean section rate reduced by a redesigned birthing room. Results of a quality improvement intervention at a hospital in Democratic Republic of Congo. Sex Reprod Healthc 2024; 39:100925. [PMID: 38056384 DOI: 10.1016/j.srhc.2023.100925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the influence of a new birthing room at a tertiary hospital in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), on the caesarean section (CS) rate in women classified as Robson group 1, i.e., nulliparous women at term with spontaneous onset of labour of one foetus in cephalic presentation. METHOD As part of quality improvement interventions, a new birthing room designed to promote person-centredness was constructed at the labour ward at Panzi General Referral Hospital in DRC. In a quasi-experimental study on women classified as Robson 1, a comparison was performed between the group being cared for in the new birthing room and the group being cared for in the general birthing room. The main outcome measure was CS rate. RESULTS In the new person-centred birthing room, the CS rate was 17.1 % versus 28.4 % in women cared for in the general birthing room (p-value 0.001). There was also a higher presence of accompanying persons (p-value < 0.0001) and less use of synthetic oxytocin for the augmentation of labour (p-value 0.024). No difference in fear and childbirth experience was identified between women in the two rooms. CONCLUSION The results demonstrate that it is possible, in a low-income country as the Democratic Republic of Congo, to reduce the CS rate in women classified as Robson 1 by adapting the birthing environment to be more person-centred, without compromising other obstetric and neonatal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Berg
- Institute of Health and Care Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Arvid Wallgrens backe 1, 413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden; Faculty of Medicine and Community Health, Evangelical University in Africa, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo; Panzi General Referral Hospital, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo.
| | - U Berg
- Faculty of Medicine and Community Health, Evangelical University in Africa, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo; Panzi General Referral Hospital, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - E Mapatano
- Faculty of Medicine and Community Health, Evangelical University in Africa, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo; Panzi General Referral Hospital, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - D Mukwege
- Faculty of Medicine and Community Health, Evangelical University in Africa, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo; Panzi General Referral Hospital, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo
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2
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Araya D, Podgorski J, Berg M. Groundwater salinity in the Horn of Africa: Spatial prediction modeling and estimated people at risk. Environ Int 2023; 176:107925. [PMID: 37209488 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changes in climate and anthropogenic activities have made water salinization a significant threat worldwide, affecting biodiversity, crop productivity and contributing to water insecurity. The Horn of Africa, which includes eastern Ethiopia, northeast Kenya, Eritrea, Djibouti, and Somalia, has natural characteristics that favor high groundwater salinity. Excess salinity has been linked to infrastructure and health problems, including increased infant mortality. This region has suffered successive droughts that have limited the availability of safe drinking water resources, leading to a humanitarian crisis for which little spatially explicit information about groundwater salinity is available. METHODS Machine learning (random forest) is used to make spatial predictions of salinity levels at three electrical conductivity (EC) thresholds using data from 8646 boreholes and wells along with environmental predictor variables. Attention is paid to understanding the input data, balancing classes, performing many iterations, specifying cut-off values, employing spatial cross-validation, and identifying spatial uncertainties. RESULTS Estimates are made for this transboundary region of the population potentially exposed to hazardous salinity levels. The findings indicate that about 11.6 million people (∼7% of the total population), including 400,000 infants and half a million pregnant women, rely on groundwater for drinking and live in areas of high groundwater salinity (EC > 1500 µS/cm). Somalia is the most affected and has the largest number of people potentially exposed. Around 50% of the Somali population (5 million people) may be exposed to unsafe salinity levels in their drinking water. In only five of Somalia's 18 regions are less than 50% of infants potentially exposed to unsafe salinity levels. The main drivers of high salinity include precipitation, groundwater recharge, evaporation, ocean proximity, and fractured rocks. The combined overall accuracy and area under the curve of multiple runs is ∼ 82%. CONCLUSIONS The modelled groundwater salinity maps for three different salinity thresholds in the Horn of Africa highlight the uneven spatial distribution of salinity in the studied countries and the large area affected, which is mainly arid flat lowlands. The results of this study provide the first detailed mapping of groundwater salinity in the region, providing essential information for water and health scientists along with decision-makers to identify and prioritize areas and populations in need of assistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahyann Araya
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department of Water Resources and Drinking Water, 8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland.
| | - Joel Podgorski
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department of Water Resources and Drinking Water, 8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
| | - Michael Berg
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department of Water Resources and Drinking Water, 8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland.
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3
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de Meyer CMC, Wahnfried I, Rodriguez Rodriguez JM, Kipfer R, García Avelino PA, Carpio Deza EA, Berg M. Hotspots of geogenic arsenic and manganese contamination in groundwater of the floodplains in lowland Amazonia (South America). Sci Total Environ 2023; 860:160407. [PMID: 36427729 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic enrichment in groundwater resources in deltas and floodplains of large sediment-rich rivers is a worldwide natural hazard to human health. High spatial variability of arsenic concentrations in affected river basins limits cost-effective mitigation strategies. Linking the chemical composition of groundwater with the topography and fluvial geomorphology is a promising approach for predicting arsenic pollution on a regional scale. Here we correlate the distribution of arsenic contaminated wells with the fluvial dynamics in the Amazon basin. Groundwater was sampled from tube wells along the Amazon River and its main tributaries in three distinct regions in Peru and Brazil. For each sample, the major and trace element concentrations were analyzed, and the position of the well within the sedimentary structure was determined. The results show that aquifers in poorly weathered sediments deposited by sediment-rich rivers are prone to mobilization and accumulation of aqueous arsenic and manganese, both in sub-Andean foreland basins, and in floodplains downstream. Two zones at risk are distinguished: aquifers in the channel-dominated part of the floodplain (CDF) and aquifers in the overbank deposits on the less-dynamic part of the floodplain (LDF). Some 70 % of the wells located on the CDF and 20 % on the LDF tap groundwater at concentrations exceeding the WHO guideline of 10 μg/L arsenic (max. 430 μg/L), and 70 % (CDF) and 50 % (LDF) exceeded 0.4 mg/L manganese (max. 6.6 mg/L). None of the water samples located outside the actual floodplain of sediment-rich rivers, or on riverbanks of sediment-poor rivers exceed 5 μg/L As, and only 4 % exceeded 0.4 mg/L Mn. The areas of highest risk can be delineated using satellite imagery. We observe similar patterns as in affected river basins in South and Southeast Asia indicating a key role of sedimentation processes and fluvial geomorphology in priming arsenic and manganese contamination in aquifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M C de Meyer
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
| | | | | | - Rolf Kipfer
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics and Institute of Geochemistry and Petrology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | | | | | - Michael Berg
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
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Wielinski J, Jimenez-Martinez J, Göttlicher J, Steininger R, Mangold S, Hug SJ, Berg M, Voegelin A. Spatiotemporal Mineral Phase Evolution and Arsenic Retention in Microfluidic Models of Zerovalent Iron-Based Water Treatment. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:13696-13708. [PMID: 36095156 PMCID: PMC9535812 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c02189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is a toxic element, and elevated levels of geogenic As in drinking water pose a threat to the health of several hundred million people worldwide. In this study, we used microfluidics in combination with optical microscopy and X-ray spectroscopy to investigate zerovalent iron (ZVI) corrosion, secondary iron (Fe) phase formation, and As retention processes at the pore scale in ZVI-based water treatment filters. Two 250 μm thick microchannels filled with single ZVI and quartz grain layers were operated intermittently (12 h flow/12 h no-flow) with synthetic groundwater (pH 7.5; 570 μg/L As(III)) over 13 and 49 days. Initially, lepidocrocite (Lp) and carbonate green rust (GRC) were the dominant secondary Fe-phases and underwent cyclic transformation. During no-flow, lepidocrocite partially transformed into GRC and small fractions of magnetite, kinetically limited by Fe(II) diffusion or by decreasing corrosion rates. When flow resumed, GRC rapidly and nearly completely transformed back into lepidocrocite. Longer filter operation combined with a prolonged no-flow period accelerated magnetite formation. Phosphate adsorption onto Fe-phases allowed for downstream calcium carbonate precipitation and, consequently, accelerated anoxic ZVI corrosion. Arsenic was retained on Fe-coated quartz grains and in zones of cyclic Lp-GRC transformation. Our results suggest that intermittent filter operation leads to denser secondary Fe-solids and thereby ensures prolonged filter performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Wielinski
- Eawag,
Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Joaquin Jimenez-Martinez
- Eawag,
Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department
of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jörg Göttlicher
- Institute
for Photon Science and Synchrotron Radiation, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, 76344 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ralph Steininger
- Institute
for Photon Science and Synchrotron Radiation, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, 76344 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Stefan Mangold
- Institute
for Photon Science and Synchrotron Radiation, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, 76344 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Stephan J. Hug
- Eawag,
Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Michael Berg
- Eawag,
Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Voegelin
- Eawag,
Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
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5
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Ling Y, Podgorski J, Sadiq M, Rasheed H, Eqani SAMAS, Berg M. Monitoring and prediction of high fluoride concentrations in groundwater in Pakistan. Sci Total Environ 2022; 839:156058. [PMID: 35605865 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of naturally occurring fluoride in groundwater exceeding the WHO guideline of 1.5 mg/L have been detected in many parts of Pakistan. This may lead to dental or skeletal fluorosis and thereby poses a potential threat to public health. Utilizing a total of 5483 fluoride concentrations, comprising 2160 new measurements as well as those from other sources, we have applied machine learning techniques to predict the probability of fluoride in groundwater in Pakistan exceeding 1.5 mg/L at a 250 m spatial resolution. Climate, soil, lithology, topography, and land cover parameters were identified as effective predictors of high fluoride concentrations in groundwater. Excellent model performance was observed in a random forest model that achieved an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.92 on test data that were not used in modeling. The highest probabilities of high fluoride concentrations in groundwater are predicted in the Thar Desert, Sargodha Division, and scattered along the Sulaiman Mountains. Applying the model predictions to the population density and accounting for groundwater usage in both rural and urban areas, we estimate that about 13 million people may be at risk of fluorosis due to consuming groundwater with fluoride concentrations >1.5 mg/L in Pakistan, which corresponds to ~6% of the total population. Both the fluoride prediction map and the health risk map can be used as important decision-making tools for authorities and water resource managers in the identification and mitigation of groundwater fluoride contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Ling
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department Water Resources and Drinking Water, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Joel Podgorski
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department Water Resources and Drinking Water, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
| | - Muhammad Sadiq
- Public Health and Environment Division, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hifza Rasheed
- National Water Quality Laboratory, Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources (PCRWR), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Michael Berg
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department Water Resources and Drinking Water, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
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Bundschuh J, Niazi NK, Alam MA, Berg M, Herath I, Tomaszewska B, Maity JP, Ok YS. Global arsenic dilemma and sustainability. J Hazard Mater 2022; 436:129197. [PMID: 35739727 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is one of the most prolific natural contaminants in water resources, and hence, it has been recognized as an emerging global problem. Arsenic exposure through food exports and imports, such as As-contaminated rice and cereal-based baby food, is a potential risk worldwide. However, ensuring As-safe drinking water and food for the globe is still not stated explicitly as a right neither in the United Nations' Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) nor the global UNESCO priorities. Despite these omissions, addressing As contamination is crucial to ensure and achieve many of the declared human rights, SDGs, and global UNESCO priorities. An international platform for sharing knowledge, experience, and resources through an integrated global network of scientists, professionals, and early career researchers on multidisciplinary aspects of As research can act as an umbrella covering the activities of UN, UNESCO, and other UN organizations. This can deal with the mitigation of As contamination, thus contributing to global economic development and human health. This article provides a perspective on the global As problem for sustainable As mitigation on a global scale by 2030.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Bundschuh
- UNESCO Chair on Groundwater Arsenic within the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, University of Southern Queensland, West Street, Toowoomba, 4350 Queensland, Australia; Doctoral Program in Science, Technology, Environment, and Mathematics, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Rd., Min-Hsiung, Chiayi County, 62102, Taiwan.
| | - Nabeel Khan Niazi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Ayaz Alam
- Departamento de Geología, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Atacama, Avenida Copayapu 485, Copiapó, Región de Atacama, Chile
| | - Michael Berg
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Indika Herath
- UNESCO Chair on Groundwater Arsenic within the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, University of Southern Queensland, West Street, Toowoomba, 4350 Queensland, Australia; Centre for Regional and Rural Futures, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Barbara Tomaszewska
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30 Av., 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Jyoti Prakash Maity
- Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Sciences, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi County 62102, Taiwan
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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7
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Podgorski J, Araya D, Berg M. Geogenic manganese and iron in groundwater of Southeast Asia and Bangladesh - Machine learning spatial prediction modeling and comparison with arsenic. Sci Total Environ 2022; 833:155131. [PMID: 35405246 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Naturally occurring, geogenic manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe) are frequently found dissolved in groundwater at concentrations that make the water difficult to use (deposits, unpleasant taste) or, in the case of Mn, a potential health hazard. Over 6000 groundwater measurements of Mn and Fe in Southeast Asia and Bangladesh were assembled and statistically examined with other physicochemical parameters. The machine learning methods random forest and generalized boosted regression modeling were used with spatially continuous environmental parameters (climate, geology, soil, topography) to model and map the probability of groundwater Mn > 400 μg/L and Fe > 0.3 mg/L for Southeast Asia and Bangladesh. The modeling indicated that drier climatic conditions are associated with a tendency of elevated Mn concentrations, whereas high Fe concentrations tend to be found in a more humid climate with elevated levels of soil organic carbon. The spatial distribution of Mn > 400 μg/L and Fe > 0.3 mg/L was compared and contrasted with that of the critical geogenic contaminant arsenic (As), confirming that high Fe concentrations are often associated with high As concentrations, whereas areas of high concentrations of Mn and As are frequently found adjacent to each other. The probability maps draw attention to areas prone to elevated concentrations of geogenic Mn and Fe in groundwater and can help direct efforts to mitigate their negative effects. The greatest Mn hazard is found in densely populated northwest Bangladesh and the Mekong, Red and Ma River Deltas of Cambodia and Vietnam. Widespread elevated Fe concentrations and their associated negative effects on water infrastructure pose challenges to water supply. The Mn and Fe prediction maps demonstrate the value of machine learning for the geospatial prediction modeling and mapping of groundwater contaminants as well as the potential for further constituents to be targeted by this novel approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Podgorski
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department Water Resources and Drinking Water, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
| | - Dahyann Araya
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department Water Resources and Drinking Water, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Michael Berg
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department Water Resources and Drinking Water, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
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8
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Abstract
The health of millions of people worldwide is negatively impacted by chronic exposure to elevated concentrations of geogenic fluoride in groundwater. Due to health effects including dental mottling and skeletal fluorosis, the World Health Organization maintains a maximum guideline of 1.5 mg/L in drinking water. As groundwater quality is not regularly tested in many areas, it is often unknown if the water in a given well or spring contains harmful levels of fluoride. Here we present a state-of-the-art global fluoride hazard map based on machine learning and over 400,000 fluoride measurements (10% of which >1.5 mg/L), which is then used to estimate the human population at risk. Hotspots indicated by the groundwater fluoride hazard map include parts of central Australia, western North America, eastern Brazil and many areas of Africa and Asia. Of the approximately 180 million people potentially affected worldwide, most reside in Asia (51-59% of total) and Africa (37-46% of total), with the latter representing 6.5% of the continent's population. Africa also contains 14 of the top 20 affected countries in terms of population at risk. We also illuminate and discuss the key globally relevant hydrochemical and environmental factors related to fluoride accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Podgorski
- Department of Water Resources and Drinking Water, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland.
| | - Michael Berg
- Department of Water Resources and Drinking Water, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland.
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9
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Corrêa IA, Faffe DS, Galliez RM, Gonçalves CCA, Maia RA, da Silva GP, Moreira FRR, Mariani D, Campos MF, Leitão IDC, de Souza MR, Cunha MS, Nascimento ÉRDS, Ribeiro LDJ, da Cruz TFC, Policarpo C, Gonzales L, Rodgers MA, Berg M, Vijesurier R, Cloherty GA, Hackett J, Ferreira ODC, Castiñeiras TMPP, Tanuri A, da Costa LJ. A SARS-CoV-2 Negative Antigen Rapid Diagnostic in RT-qPCR Positive Samples Correlates With a Low Likelihood of Infectious Viruses in the Nasopharynx. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:912138. [PMID: 35966714 PMCID: PMC9364907 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.912138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) transmission occurs even among fully vaccinated individuals; thus, prompt identification of infected patients is central to control viral circulation. Antigen rapid diagnostic tests (Ag-RDTs) are highly specific, but sensitivity is variable. Discordant RT-qPCR vs. Ag-RDT results are reported, raising the question of whether negative Ag-RDT in positive RT-qPCR samples could imply the absence of infectious viruses. To study the relationship between negative Ag-RDT results with virological, molecular, and serological parameters, we selected a cross-sectional and a follow-up dataset and analyzed virus culture, subgenomic RNA quantification, and sequencing to determine infectious viruses and mutations. We demonstrated that RT-qPCR positive while SARS-CoV-2 Ag-RDT negative discordant results correlate with the absence of infectious virus in nasopharyngeal samples. A decrease in sgRNA detection together with an expected increase in detectable anti-S and anti-N IgGs was also verified in these samples. The data clearly demonstrate that a negative Ag-RDT sample is less likely to harbor infectious SARS-CoV-2 and, consequently, has a lower transmissible potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isadora Alonso Corrêa
- Laboratório de Genética e Imunologia das Infecções Virais, Departamento de Virologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Débora Souza Faffe
- Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rafael Mello Galliez
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Richard Araújo Maia
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Peixoto da Silva
- Laboratório de Genética e Imunologia das Infecções Virais, Departamento de Virologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Filipe Romero Rebello Moreira
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Diana Mariani
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mariana Freire Campos
- Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Isabela de Carvalho Leitão
- Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcos Romário de Souza
- Laboratório de Genética e Imunologia das Infecções Virais, Departamento de Virologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcela Sabino Cunha
- Laboratório de Genética e Imunologia das Infecções Virais, Departamento de Virologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Liane de Jesus Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thais Felix Cordeiro da Cruz
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cintia Policarpo
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luis Gonzales
- Abbott Laboratories Inc., Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | - Michael Berg
- Abbott Laboratories Inc., Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | | | - John Hackett
- Abbott Laboratories Inc., Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Orlando da Costa Ferreira
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Amilcar Tanuri
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciana Jesus da Costa
- Laboratório de Genética e Imunologia das Infecções Virais, Departamento de Virologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Thomsen M, Alsner J, Berg M, Jensen I, Josipovic M, Lorenzen E, Yates E, Nielsen H, Jakobsen E, Stenbygaard L, Pedersen A, Nielsen M, Jensen M, Overgaard J, Offersen B. OC-0930 Breast induration versus irradiated breast volume in the randomized phase III DBCG PBI trial. Radiother Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(22)02710-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Skarsø E, Hindhede Refsgaard L, Ravkilde T, Dahl Nissen H, Berg M, Boye K, Kamby C, Jakobsen K, Olesen M, Vrou Offersen B, Korreman S. OC-0780 Parametrization of artery delineation and nationwide implementation in the DBCG RT Nation cohort. Radiother Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(22)02686-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Lightfoot AK, Brennwald MS, Prommer H, Stopelli E, Berg M, Glodowska M, Schneider M, Kipfer R. Noble gas constraints on the fate of arsenic in groundwater. Water Res 2022; 214:118199. [PMID: 35220067 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater contamination of geogenic arsenic (As) remains a global health threat, particularly in south-east Asia. The prominent correlation often observed between high As concentrations and methane (CH4) stimulated the analysis of the gas dynamics in an As contaminated aquifer, whereby noble and reactive gases were analysed. Results show a progressive depletion of atmospheric gases (Ar, Kr and N2) alongside highly increasing CH4, implying that a free gas phase comprised mainly of CH4 is formed within the aquifer. In contrast, Helium (He) concentrations are high within the CH4 (gas) producing zone, suggesting longer (groundwater) residence times. We hypothesized that the observed free (CH4) gas phase severely detracts local groundwater (flow) and significantly reduces water renewal within the gas producing zone. Results are in-line with this hypothesis, however, a second hypothesis has been developed, which focuses on the potential transport of He from an adjacent aquitard into the (CH4) gas producing zone. This second hypothesis was formulated as it resolves the particularly high He concentrations observed, and since external solute input from the overlying heterogeneous aquitard cannot be excluded. The proposed feedback between the gas phase and hydraulics provides a plausible explanation of the anti-intuitive correlation between high As and CH4, and the spatially highly patchy distribution of dissolved As concentrations in contaminated aquifers. Furthermore, the increased groundwater residence time would allow for the dissolution of more crystalline As-hosting iron(Fe)-oxide phases in conjunction with the formation of more stable secondary Fe minerals in the hydraulically-slowed (i.e., gas producing) zone; a subject which calls for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra K Lightfoot
- Department of Water Resources and Drinking Water, Eawag, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland.
| | - Matthias S Brennwald
- Department of Water Resources and Drinking Water, Eawag, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland.
| | - Henning Prommer
- CSIRO Land and Water, Floreat, WA 6014, Australia; Department of Earth Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Emiliano Stopelli
- Department of Water Resources and Drinking Water, Eawag, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland; International Services and Projects, Nagra, Wettingen 5430, Switzerland.
| | - Michael Berg
- Department of Water Resources and Drinking Water, Eawag, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland.
| | - Martyna Glodowska
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, XZ Nijmegen 6525, The Netherlands.
| | - Magnus Schneider
- Institute of Applied Geosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Rolf Kipfer
- Department of Water Resources and Drinking Water, Eawag, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland; Department of Environmental System Sciences, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8092, Switzerland; Department of Earth Sciences, Institute of Geochemistry and Petrology, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8092, Switzerland.
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13
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Refsgaard L, Skarsø E, Ravkilde T, Nissen H, Berg M, Olsen M, Jakobsen K, Boye K, Kamby C, Lind Laursen K, Jensen I, Bekke S, Matthiessen L, Laugaard Lorenzen E, Thorsen L, Offersen B, Korreman S. OC-0941 Impact of guidelines on nationwide breast cancer treatment planning practices (DBCG RT Nation study). Radiother Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(22)02721-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Thing R, Nilsson R, Andersson S, Berg M, Lund M. PO-1477 Evaluation of two generic algorithms for CBCT based dose calculation. Radiother Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(22)03441-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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15
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Eleftheriadou D, Berg M, Phillips JB, Shipley RJ. A combined experimental and computational framework to evaluate the behavior of therapeutic cells for peripheral nerve regeneration. Biotechnol Bioeng 2022; 119:1980-1996. [PMID: 35445744 PMCID: PMC9323509 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have explored the potential of tissue‐mimetic scaffolds in encouraging nerve regeneration. One of the major determinants of the regenerative success of cellular nerve repair constructs (NRCs) is the local microenvironment, particularly native low oxygen conditions which can affect implanted cell survival and functional performance. In vivo, cells reside in a range of environmental conditions due to the spatial gradients of nutrient concentrations that are established. Here we evaluate in vitro the differences in cellular behavior that such conditions induce, including key biological features such as oxygen metabolism, glucose consumption, cell death, and vascular endothelial growth factor secretion. Experimental measurements are used to devise and parameterize a mathematical model that describes the behavior of the cells. The proposed model effectively describes the interactions between cells and their microenvironment and could in the future be extended, allowing researchers to compare the behavior of different therapeutic cells. Such a combinatorial approach could be used to accelerate the clinical translation of NRCs by identifying which critical design features should be optimized when fabricating engineered nerve repair conduits.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Eleftheriadou
- Centre for Nerve Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 6B.,Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, WC1N 1AX.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE
| | - M Berg
- Centre for Nerve Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 6B.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE
| | - J B Phillips
- Centre for Nerve Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 6B.,Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, WC1N 1AX
| | - R J Shipley
- Centre for Nerve Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 6B.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE
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16
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Araya D, Podgorski J, Kumi M, Mainoo PA, Berg M. Fluoride contamination of groundwater resources in Ghana: Country-wide hazard modeling and estimated population at risk. Water Res 2022; 212:118083. [PMID: 35101693 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Most people in Ghana have no or only basic access to safely managed water. Especially in rural areas, much of the population relies on groundwater for drinking, which can be contaminated with fluoride and lead to dental fluorosis. Children under the age of two are particularly susceptible to the adverse effects of fluoride and can retain 80-90% of a fluoride dose, compared to 60% in adults. Despite numerous local studies, no spatially continuous picture exists of the fluoride contamination across Ghana, nor is there any estimate of what proportion of the population is potentially exposed to unsafe fluoride levels. Here, we spatially model the probability of fluoride concentrations exceeding 1.0 mg/L in groundwater across Ghana to identify risk areas and estimate the number of children and adults exposed to unsafe fluoride levels in drinking water. We use a set of geospatial predictor variables with random forest modeling and evaluate the model performance through spatial cross-validation. We found that approximately 15% of the area of Ghana, mainly in the northeast, has a high probability of fluoride contamination. The total at-risk population is about 920,000 persons, or 3% of the population, with an estimated 240,000 children (0-9 years) in at-risk areas. In some districts, such as Karaga, Gushiegu, Tamale and Mion, 4 out of 10 children are potentially exposed to fluoride poisoning. Geology and high evapotranspiration are the main drivers of fluoride enrichment in groundwater. Consequently, climate change might put even greater pressure on the area's water resources. Our hazard maps should raise awareness and understanding of geogenic fluoride contamination in Ghana and can advise decision making at local levels to avoid or mitigate fluoride-related risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahyann Araya
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
| | - Joel Podgorski
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Michael Kumi
- CSIR-Water Research Institute, P. O. Box AH 38, Achimota, Accra, Ghana
| | - Patrick A Mainoo
- CSIR-Water Research Institute, P. O. Box AH 38, Achimota, Accra, Ghana
| | - Michael Berg
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
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17
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Kaplan G, Berg M, Friedrich C, Schimanski CC, Heyne von Haußen R, Bergmann F. Erratum: Endosonographisch gesteuerte Feinnadelbiopsie vs. Feinnadelaspiration von Pankreaskarzinomen. Z Gastroenterol 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-0658-7795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Kaplan
- Klinikum Darmstadt GmbH, Medizinische Klinik II, Darmstadt, Deutschland
| | - M Berg
- Klinikum Darmstadt GmbH, Medizinische Klinik II, Darmstadt, Deutschland
| | - C Friedrich
- Klinikum Darmstadt GmbH, Medizinische Klinik II, Darmstadt, Deutschland
| | - CC Schimanski
- Klinikum Darmstadt GmbH, Medizinische Klinik II, Darmstadt, Deutschland
| | - R Heyne von Haußen
- Klinikum Darmstadt GmbH, MVZ Pathologie des Klinikum Darmstadt GmbH, Darmstadt, Deutschland
| | - F Bergmann
- Klinikum Darmstadt GmbH, MVZ Pathologie des Klinikum Darmstadt GmbH, Darmstadt, Deutschland
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18
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Brandão PE, Berg M, Silva SOS, Taniwaki SA. Emergence of Avian coronavirus Escape Mutants Under Suboptimal Antibody Titers. J Mol Evol 2022; 90:176-181. [PMID: 35195749 PMCID: PMC8865171 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-022-10050-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To perform a quasispecies assessment of the effect of vaccine combinations and antibody titers on the emergence of Avian coronavirus (AvCoV) escape mutants, 5-week-old males from a commercial chicken breeder lineage were vaccinated intramuscularly with one dose of a monovalent (genotype GI-1) or a bivalent (genotypes GI-1 and GI-11 (n = 40 birds/group) AvCoV vaccine. Seven birds were kept as controls. Six weeks later, pools of sera of each group were prepared and incubated at virus neutralization doses of 10 and 10–1 with the Beaudette strain (GI-1) of AvCoV in VERO cells. Rescued viruses were then submitted to genome-wide deep sequencing for subconsensus variant detection. After treatment with serum from birds vaccinated with the bivalent vaccine at a titer of 10–1, an F307I variant was detected in the spike glycoprotein that mapped to an important neutralizing region, which indicated an escape mutant derived from natural selection. Further variants were detected in nonstructural proteins and non-coding regions that are not targets of neutralizing antibodies and might be indicators of genetic drift. These results indicate that the evolution of AvCoV escape mutants after vaccination depends on the type of vaccine strain and the antibody titer and must be assessed based on quasispecies rather than consensus dominant sequences only because quasispecies may be otherwise undetected.
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Affiliation(s)
- P E Brandão
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. .,Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av Prof. Dr. Orlando M Paiva 87, São Paulo, SP, 05508-270, Brazil.
| | - M Berg
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Section of Virology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - S O S Silva
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S A Taniwaki
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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19
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Schinkel L, Lara-Martín PA, Giger W, Hollender J, Berg M. Synthetic surfactants in Swiss sewage sludges: Analytical challenges, concentrations and per capita loads. Sci Total Environ 2022; 808:151361. [PMID: 34808174 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Surfactants are high-production-volume chemicals that are among the most abundant organic pollutants in municipal wastewater. In this study, sewage sludge samples of 36 Swiss wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), serving 32% of the country's population, were analyzed for major surfactant classes by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The analyses required a variety of complementary approaches due to different analytical challenges, including matrix effects (which can affect adduct ion formation) and the lack of reference standards. The most abundant contaminants were linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS; weighted mean [WM] concentration of 3700 μg g-1 dry weight), followed by secondary alkane sulfonates (SAS; 190 μg g-1). Alcohol polyethoxylates (AEO; 8.3 μg g-1), nonylphenol polyethoxylates (NPEO; 16 μg g-1), nonylphenol (NP; 3.1 μg g-1), nonylphenol ethoxy carboxylates (NPEC; 0.35 μg g-1) and tert-octylphenol (tert-OP, 1.8 μg g-1) were present at much lower concentrations. This concentration pattern agrees with the production volumes of the surfactants and their fates in WWTPs. Branched AEO homologues dominated over linear homologues, probably due to higher persistence. Sludge concentrations of LAS, SAS, and NP were positively correlated with the residence time in the anaerobic digester. Derivation of the per capita loads successfully revealed potential industrial/commercial emission sources. Comparison of recent versus historic data showed a decrease in NPEO and NP levels by one or two orders of magnitude since their ban in the 1980s. By contrast, LAS still exhibit similar concentrations compared to 30 years ago.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Schinkel
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
| | - Pablo A Lara-Martín
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real 11510, Spain
| | - Walter Giger
- Giger Research Consulting, 8049 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Juliane Hollender
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics (IBP), ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Berg
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
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20
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Averhoff F, Berg M, Rodgers M, Osmanov S, Luo X, Anderson M, Meyer T, Landay A, Gamkrelidze A, Kallas EG, Ciuoderis K, Hernandez JP, Henry JH, Osorio J, Lindo J, Deshommes J, Anzinger J, Manasa J, Alkashvili M, Souleyman M, Kaleebu P, Correa-Oliveira R, Solomon S, de Olivera T, Suputtamongkol Y, Cloherty G. The Abbott Pandemic Defense Coalition: a unique multisector approach adds to global pandemic preparedness efforts. Int J Infect Dis 2022; 117:356-360. [PMID: 35134559 PMCID: PMC8817457 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Detection and epidemiologic characterization of infectious disease outbreaks are key for early identification and response to potential pandemic threats. The rapid global spread of severe SARS-CoV-2 in 2020 highlighted the critical role of diagnostics in understanding the epidemiology of the virus early in the pandemic. As a natural extension of Abbott's work in diagnostics, virus discovery, and virus surveillance, the Abbott Pandemic Defense Coalition (APDC) was launched in early 2021. The APDC is a global multisector scientific and public health partnership whose primary objective is the early detection and mitigation of infectious disease threats of pandemic potential. As of January 2022, the APDC network has partners on 5 continents including academic institutions, governmental, and nongovernmental organizations. A novel element of the APDC is the capacity for early development and rapid deployment of scalable, quality diagnostics targeting newly identified pathogens of pandemic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xinxin Luo
- Abbott Diagnostics, Abbott Park, IL, USA
| | | | - Todd Meyer
- Abbott Diagnostics, Abbott Park, IL, USA
| | - Alan Landay
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Karl Ciuoderis
- Colombia Wisconsin One Health, University of Wisconsin & National University of Colombia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Juan Pablo Hernandez
- Colombia Wisconsin One Health, University of Wisconsin & National University of Colombia, Medellin, Colombia
| | | | - Jorge Osorio
- Colombia Wisconsin One Health, University of Wisconsin & National University of Colombia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - John Lindo
- University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
| | | | | | | | | | - Mboup Souleyman
- Institute for Health Research, Epidemiologic Surveillance and Training (IRESSEF), Dakar, Senegal
| | | | | | - Sunil Solomon
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, USA & YRG CARE, Chennai, India
| | - Tulio de Olivera
- Centre for Epidemic Response and Innovation, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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21
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Glodowska M, Schneider M, Eiche E, Kontny A, Neumann T, Straub D, Berg M, Prommer H, Bostick BC, Nghiem AA, Kleindienst S, Kappler A. Fermentation, methanotrophy and methanogenesis influence sedimentary Fe and As dynamics in As-affected aquifers in Vietnam. Sci Total Environ 2021; 779:146501. [PMID: 34030262 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
High arsenic (As) concentrations in groundwater are a worldwide problem threatening the health of millions of people. Microbial processes are central in the (trans)formation of the As-bearing ferric and ferrous minerals, and thus regulate dissolved As levels in many aquifers. Mineralogy, microbiology and dissolved As levels can vary sharply within aquifers, making high-resolution measurements particularly valuable in understanding the linkages between them. We conducted a high spatial resolution geomicrobiological study in combination with analysis of sediment chemistry and mineralogy in an alluvial aquifer system affected by geogenic As in the Red River delta in Vietnam. Microbial community analysis revealed a dominance of fermenters, methanogens and methanotrophs whereas sediment mineralogy along a 46 m deep core showed a diversity of Fe minerals including poorly crystalline Fe (II/III) and Fe(III) (oxyhydr)oxides such as goethite, hematite, and magnetite, but also the presence of Fe(II)-bearing carbonates and sulfides which likely formed as a result of microbially driven organic carbon (OC) degradation. A potential important role of methane (CH4) as electron donor for reductive Fe mineral (trans)formation was supported by the high abundance of Candidatus Methanoperedens, a known Fe(III)-reducing methanotroph. Overall, these results imply that OC turnover including fermentation, methanogenesis and CH4 oxidation are important mechanisms leading to Fe mineral (trans)formation, dissolution and precipitation, and thus indirectly affecting As mobility by changing the Fe-mineral inventory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Glodowska
- Geomicrobiology, Center for Applied Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Germany; Microbial Ecology, Center for Applied Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Microbiology, IWWR, Radboud University, the Netherlands.
| | - Magnus Schneider
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Applied Geosciences, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Eiche
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Applied Geosciences, Germany
| | - Agnes Kontny
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Applied Geosciences, Germany
| | - Thomas Neumann
- Technical University of Berlin, Institute for Applied Geosciences, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Straub
- Microbial Ecology, Center for Applied Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Germany; Quantitative Biology Center (QBiC), University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Berg
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Henning Prommer
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; CSIRO Land and Water, Floreat, WA, Australia
| | | | | | - Sara Kleindienst
- Microbial Ecology, Center for Applied Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Kappler
- Geomicrobiology, Center for Applied Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Germany
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22
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Stopelli E, Duyen VT, Prommer H, Glodowska M, Kappler A, Schneider M, Eiche E, Lightfoot AK, Schubert CJ, Trang PKT, Viet PH, Kipfer R, Winkel LHE, Berg M. Carbon and methane cycling in arsenic-contaminated aquifers. Water Res 2021; 200:117300. [PMID: 34107428 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Geogenic arsenic (As) contamination of groundwater is a health threat to millions of people worldwide, particularly in alluvial regions of South and Southeast Asia. Mitigation measures are often hindered by high heterogeneities in As concentrations, the cause(s) of which are elusive. Here we used a comprehensive suite of stable isotope analyses and hydrogeochemical parameters to shed light on the mechanisms in a typical high-As Holocene aquifer near Hanoi where groundwater is advected to a low-As Pleistocene aquifer. Carbon isotope signatures (δ13C-CH4, δ13C-DOC, δ13C-DIC) provided evidence that fermentation, methanogenesis and methanotrophy are actively contributing to the As heterogeneity. Methanogenesis occurred concurrently where As levels are high (>200 µg/L) and DOC-enriched aquitard pore water infiltrates into the aquifer. Along the flowpath to the Holocene/Pleistocene aquifer transition, methane oxidation causes a strong shift in δ13C-CH4 from -87‰ to +47‰, indicating high reactivity. These findings demonstrate a previously overlooked role of methane cycling and DOC infiltration in high-As aquifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Stopelli
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department Water Resources and Drinking Water, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
| | - Vu T Duyen
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Technology for Environmental Quality and Food Safety (KLATEFOS), VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Henning Prommer
- CSIRO Land and Water, 6014 Floreat, WA, Australia; School of Earth Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Martyna Glodowska
- Geomicrobiology, Center for Applied Geosciences, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Kappler
- Geomicrobiology, Center for Applied Geosciences, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Magnus Schneider
- Institute of Applied Geosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Eiche
- Institute of Applied Geosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Alexandra K Lightfoot
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department Water Resources and Drinking Water, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Carsten J Schubert
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department Surface Waters Research & Management, 6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland; Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pham K T Trang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Technology for Environmental Quality and Food Safety (KLATEFOS), VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Pham H Viet
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Technology for Environmental Quality and Food Safety (KLATEFOS), VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Rolf Kipfer
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department Water Resources and Drinking Water, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lenny H E Winkel
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department Water Resources and Drinking Water, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Berg
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department Water Resources and Drinking Water, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; UNESCO Chair on Groundwater Arsenic within the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, School of Civil Engineering and Surveying, University of Southern Queensland, QLD 4350, Australia.
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23
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Wu R, Podgorski J, Berg M, Polya DA. Geostatistical model of the spatial distribution of arsenic in groundwaters in Gujarat State, India. Environ Geochem Health 2021; 43:2649-2664. [PMID: 32653966 PMCID: PMC8275508 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-020-00655-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Geogenic arsenic contamination in groundwaters poses a severe health risk to hundreds of millions of people globally. Notwithstanding the particular risks to exposed populations in the Indian sub-continent, at the time of writing, there was a paucity of geostatistically based models of the spatial distribution of groundwater hazard in India. In this study, we used logistic regression models of secondary groundwater arsenic data with research-informed secondary soil, climate and topographic variables as principal predictors generate hazard and risk maps of groundwater arsenic at a resolution of 1 km across Gujarat State. By combining models based on different arsenic concentrations, we have generated a pseudo-contour map of groundwater arsenic concentrations, which indicates greater arsenic hazard (> 10 μg/L) in the northwest, northeast and south-east parts of Kachchh District as well as northwest and southwest Banas Kantha District. The total number of people living in areas in Gujarat with groundwater arsenic concentration exceeding 10 μg/L is estimated to be around 122,000, of which we estimate approximately 49,000 people consume groundwater exceeding 10 µg/L. Using simple previously published dose-response relationships, this is estimated to have given rise to 700 (prevalence) cases of skin cancer and around 10 cases of premature avoidable mortality/annum from internal (lung, liver, bladder) cancers-that latter value is on the order of just 0.001% of internal cancers in Gujarat, reflecting the relative low groundwater arsenic hazard in Gujarat State.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruohan Wu
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Joel Podgorski
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Michael Berg
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - David A Polya
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
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Neidhardt H, Rudischer S, Eiche E, Schneider M, Stopelli E, Duyen VT, Trang PTK, Viet PH, Neumann T, Berg M. Phosphate immobilisation dynamics and interaction with arsenic sorption at redox transition zones in floodplain aquifers: Insights from the Red River Delta, Vietnam. J Hazard Mater 2021; 411:125128. [PMID: 33485236 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although phosphate (PO43-) may play a decisive role in enriching toxic arsenic (As) in the groundwater of many Asian deltas, knowledge gaps exist regarding its interactions with As. This study investigates the simultaneous immobilisation of PO43- and As in aquifer sediments at a redox transition zone in the Red River Delta of Vietnam. The majority of PO43- and As was found to be structurally bound in layers of Fe(III)-(oxyhydr)oxide precipitates, indicating that their formation represents a dominant immobilisation mechanism. This immobilisation was also closely linked to sorption. In the surface sorbed sediment pools, the molar ratios of total P to As were one order of magnitude higher than found in groundwater, reflecting a preferential sorption of PO43- over As. However, this competitive sorption was largely dependent on the presence of Fe(III)-(oxyhydr)oxides. Ongoing contact of the aquifer sediments with iron-reducing groundwater resulted in the reductive dissolution of weakly crystalline Fe(III)-(oxyhydr)oxides, which was accompanied by decreased competition for sorption sites between PO43- and As. Our results emphasise that, to be successful in the medium and long term, remediation approaches and management strategies need to consider competitive sorption between PO43- and As and dynamics of the biogeochemical Fe-cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Neidhardt
- Geoecology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72070 Tübingen, Germany.
| | | | - Elisabeth Eiche
- Institute of Applied Geosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Magnus Schneider
- Institute of Applied Geosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Emiliano Stopelli
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Vu T Duyen
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Technology for Environmental Quality and Food Safety Control (KLATEFOS), VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Pham T K Trang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Technology for Environmental Quality and Food Safety Control (KLATEFOS), VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Pham H Viet
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Technology for Environmental Quality and Food Safety Control (KLATEFOS), VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thomas Neumann
- Applied Geochemistry, Technical University of Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Berg
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
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Kaegi R, Gogos A, Voegelin A, Hug SJ, Winkel LH, Buser AM, Berg M. Quantification of individual Rare Earth Elements from industrial sources in sewage sludge. Water Res X 2021; 11:100092. [PMID: 33733081 PMCID: PMC7937830 DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2021.100092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Rare Earth Elements (REEs) are used in increasing amounts in technical applications and consumer products. However, to date, the contribution of industrial sources to the loads of individual REEs in wastewater streams have not been quantified. Here, we determine the REE contents in sludge collected from 63 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) across Switzerland. To quantify the industrial fraction of individual REEs in the sewage sludge, we develop two complementary approaches, based on REE ratios and REE pattern fitting. Unspecific (background) inputs, with REE patterns similar to the averaged REE pattern of soils collected across Switzerland, dominate the REE budget of most WWTPs. A few WWTPs receive significant REE inputs from specific industrial sources. Based on population equivalents of Switzerland, we estimate a total annual load of 4200 kg Cerium (Ce, 0.5 g Ce year-1 capita-1), with an industrial contribution of 2000 kg year-1. The latter agrees with estimates of probabilistic mass flow models for engineered nanoscale CeO2 particles discharged to the sewer network. About 7 kg year-1 of Samarium (Sm,total for Switzerland: 184 kg year-1 or 0.02 g Sm year-1 capita-1) and 3 kg year-1 of Europium (Eu,total for Switzerland: 44 kg year-1 or 0.005 g Eu year-1 capita-1) are assigned to industrial inputs from single WWTPs. Gadolinium (Gd) is used in the form of a stable complex as contrast agent in magnetic resonance imaging. Assuming 10% removal of Gd during wastewater treatment, we calculate an annual discharge of 90 kg of Gd from one individual WWTP to surface waters. WWTPs with exceptionally high industrial inputs of specific REEs warrant detailed investigations to identify the respective sources and to assess whether REE concentrations in effluents are elevated to the same degree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Kaegi
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Corresponding author.
| | - Alexander Gogos
- EMPA, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 9014, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Voegelin
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Stephan J. Hug
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Lenny H.E. Winkel
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas M. Buser
- Swiss Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN), 3063, Ittigen, Switzerland
| | - Michael Berg
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
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Thomsen MS, Berg M, Zimmermann S, Lutz CM, Makocki S, Jensen I, Hjelstuen MHB, Pensold S, Hasler MP, Jensen MB, Offersen BV. Dose constraints for whole breast radiation therapy based on the quality assessment of treatment plans in the randomised Danish breast cancer group (DBCG) HYPO trial. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2021; 28:118-123. [PMID: 33937532 PMCID: PMC8079332 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Quality assessment of the treatment plans in the Danish Breast Cancer Group (DBCG) HYPO trial was carried out based on prospectively reported dosimetric parameters and evidence-based dose constraints for whole breast radiation therapy were derived. Materials and methods From 2009 to 2014, 1882 patients (pts) were randomised between 50 Gy/25fractions (fr) versus 40 Gy/15fr. Doses to CTVp_breast (V95%, V107%-V110%, Dmax, and in addition for 40 Gy plans V105%-V107%), ipsilateral lung (V20Gy/V17Gy), heart (V20Gy/V17Gy, V40Gy/V35Gy), and left anterior descending coronary artery (LADCA) (Dmax) and use of respiratory gated technique were prospectively reported to the DBCG database. After end of accrual, these dosimetric parameters from all plans in the trial were compared to the pre-specified treatment constraints. Results In total, 1854 pts from eight radiation therapy (RT) centres in three countries were treated. No statistically significant differences were found between the results for 40 Gy and 50 Gy plans, except for CTVp_breast hot-spot volume (V107%-V110%). Of the 40 Gy pts, 90% with CTVp_breast > 600 mL and 95% with CTVp_breast ≤ 600 mL had a CTVp_breast hot-spot volume (V105%-V107%) <2%. In 95% of the 50 Gy plans, the CTVp_breast absolute hot-spot volume (V107%-V110%) was <0.5 mL and 1.7 mL for CTVp_breast ≤ 600 mL and > 600 mL, respectively. Compliance was >99% for both heart and lung constraints. Largest deviation from protocol constraints was found for the volume of CTVp_breast covered with 95% of the prescription dose or more (V95%). The CTV dose coverage (V95%) was >94.3% in 95% of the right-sided pts, whereas the figures for 95% of the left-sided pts treated with and without respiratory gating were 93.2% and 88.8%, respectively. Conclusion A high degree of compliance with protocol dose constraints was found for treatment plans in the DBCG HYPO trial. New constraints for dose to organs at risk and high-dose volumes in the breast are suggested for breast-only RT planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Thomsen
- Department of Medical Physics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - M Berg
- Department of Medical Physics, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
| | - S Zimmermann
- Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - C M Lutz
- Department of Medical Physics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - S Makocki
- Dept of Radiation Oncology and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - I Jensen
- Department of Medical Physics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - M H B Hjelstuen
- Department of Radiotherapy, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - S Pensold
- Praxis for Radiotherapy, Academic Teaching Hospital Dresden-Friedrichstadt, Dresden, Germany
| | - M P Hasler
- Department of Oncology, Sørlandet Hospital, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - M-B Jensen
- Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - B V Offersen
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology and Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
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Glodowska M, Stopelli E, Straub D, Vu Thi D, Trang PTK, Viet PH, Berg M, Kappler A, Kleindienst S. Arsenic behavior in groundwater in Hanoi (Vietnam) influenced by a complex biogeochemical network of iron, methane, and sulfur cycling. J Hazard Mater 2021; 407:124398. [PMID: 33213979 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The fate of arsenic (As) in groundwater is determined by multiple interrelated microbial and abiotic processes that contribute to As (im)mobilization. Most studies to date have investigated individual processes related to As (im)mobilization rather than the complex networks present in situ. In this study, we used RNA-based microbial community analysis in combination with groundwater hydrogeochemical measurements to elucidate the behavior of As along a 2 km transect near Hanoi, Vietnam. The transect stretches from the riverbank across a strongly reducing and As-contaminated Holocene aquifer, followed by a redox transition zone (RTZ) and a Pleistocene aquifer, at which As concentrations are low. Our analyses revealed fermentation and methanogenesis as important processes providing electron donors, fueling the microbially mediated reductive dissolution of As-bearing Fe(III) minerals and ultimately promoting As mobilization. As a consequence of high CH4 concentrations, methanotrophs thrive across the Holocene aquifer and the redox transition zone. Finally, our results underline the role of SO42--reducing and putative Fe(II)-/As(III)-oxidizing bacteria as a sink for As, particularly at the RTZ. Overall, our results suggest that a complex network of microbial and biogeochemical processes has to be considered to better understand the biogeochemical behavior of As in groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Glodowska
- Geomicrobiology, Center for Applied Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Germany; Microbial Ecology, Center for Applied Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Emiliano Stopelli
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Straub
- Microbial Ecology, Center for Applied Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Germany; Quantitative Biology Center (QBiC), University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Duyen Vu Thi
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Technology for Environmental Quality and Food Safety (KLATEFOS), VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Pham T K Trang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Technology for Environmental Quality and Food Safety (KLATEFOS), VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Pham H Viet
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Technology for Environmental Quality and Food Safety (KLATEFOS), VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Michael Berg
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland; UNESCO Chair on Groundwater Arsenic within the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, School of Civil Engineering and Surveying, University of Southern Queensland, Australia
| | - Andreas Kappler
- Geomicrobiology, Center for Applied Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sara Kleindienst
- Microbial Ecology, Center for Applied Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Germany; Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland.
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Assi M, Koshy K, El Atrouni W, Burke K, Berg M, Opardija A, Temesgen Z. Investigational immunomodulatory therapies for COVID-19. DRUG FUTURE 2021. [DOI: 10.1358/dof.2021.46.9.3317238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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30
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Baumgartner R, Berg M, Matic L, Polyzos KP, Forteza MJ, Hjorth SA, Schwartz TW, Paulsson-Berne G, Hansson GK, Hedin U, Ketelhuth DFJ. Evidence that a deviation in the kynurenine pathway aggravates atherosclerotic disease in humans. J Intern Med 2021; 289:53-68. [PMID: 32794238 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The metabolism of tryptophan (Trp) along the kynurenine pathway has been shown to carry strong immunoregulatory properties. Several experimental studies indicate that this pathway is a major regulator of vascular inflammation and influences atherogenesis. Knowledge of the role of this pathway in human atherosclerosis remains incomplete. OBJECTIVES In this study, we performed a multiplatform analysis of tissue samples, in vitro and in vivo functional assays to elucidate the potential role of the kynurenine pathway in human atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Comparison of transcriptomic data from carotid plaques and control arteries revealed an upregulation of enzymes within the quinolinic branch of the kynurenine pathway in the disease state, whilst the branch leading to the formation of kynurenic acid (KynA) was downregulated. Further analyses indicated that local inflammatory responses are closely tied to the deviation of the kynurenine pathway in the vascular wall. Analysis of cerebrovascular symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid stenosis data showed that the downregulation of KynA branch enzymes and reduced KynA production were associated with an increased probability of patients to undergo surgery due to an unstable disease. In vitro, we showed that KynA-mediated signalling through aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a major regulator of human macrophage activation. Using a mouse model of peritoneal inflammation, we showed that KynA inhibits leukocyte recruitment. CONCLUSIONS We have found that a deviation in the kynurenine pathway is associated with an increased probability of developing symptomatic unstable atherosclerotic disease. Our study suggests that KynA-mediated signalling through AhR is an important mechanism involved in the regulation of vascular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Baumgartner
- From the, Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Berg
- From the, Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Matic
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Vascular Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - K P Polyzos
- From the, Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M J Forteza
- From the, Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S A Hjorth
- Section for Metabolic Receptology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - T W Schwartz
- Section for Metabolic Receptology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - G Paulsson-Berne
- From the, Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - G K Hansson
- From the, Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - U Hedin
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Vascular Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - D F J Ketelhuth
- From the, Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Nissen H, McIlroy S, Havelund B, Krog C, Pløen J, Berg M. PO-1774: First clinical experiences with MR-only treatment planning and delivery for pelvic cancers. Radiother Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)01792-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Thorsen L, Overgaard J, Holm-Hansen S, Berg M, Jensen I, Kamby C, Nielsen M, Overgaard M, Offersen B. OC-0326: DBCG-IMN: Long-term survival gain with internal mammary node irradiation to breast cancer patients. Radiother Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)00350-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Berg M, Coy R, Phillips J, Shipley R. Modelling regenerative angiogenesis in peripheral nerve injuries. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2020.1811503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Berg
- Department of Mechanical engineering, University College London, London, UK
- Center for Nerve Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - R. Coy
- Department of Mechanical engineering, University College London, London, UK
- Center for Nerve Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - J. Phillips
- Center for Nerve Engineering, University College London, London, UK
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK
| | - R. Shipley
- Department of Mechanical engineering, University College London, London, UK
- Center for Nerve Engineering, University College London, London, UK
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Glodowska M, Stopelli E, Schneider M, Lightfoot A, Rathi B, Straub D, Patzner M, Duyen VT, Berg M, Kleindienst S, Kappler A. Correction to Role of in Situ Natural Organic Matter in Mobilizing As during Microbial Reduction of Fe III-Mineral-Bearing Aquifer Sediments from Hanoi (Vietnam). Environ Sci Technol 2020; 54:10380. [PMID: 32806919 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c04088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
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Abstract
Groundwater is a much safer and more dependable source of drinking water than surface water. However, natural (geogenic) hazardous elements can contaminate groundwater and lead to severe health problems in consumers. Arsenic concentrations exceeding the WHO drinking water guideline of 10 μg/L globally affect over 220 million people and can cause arsenicosis (skin lesions and cancers). Fluoride, while preventing caries at low concentrations, has detrimental effects when above the WHO drinking water guideline of 1.5 mg/L and puts several hundred million people at risk of dental and skeletal fluorosis. In this article, we report on the geochemistry and occurrence of arsenic and fluoride in groundwater and on the development of global and regional risk maps that help alert governments and water providers to take appropriate mitigation measures for the provision of safe drinking water. We then summarize research on the removal of arsenic and fluoride from drinking water, focusing on adapted technologies for water treatment. Finally, we discuss the applicability of various measures in a larger context and future challenges in reaching the goal of access to safe drinking water for all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan J Hug
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland;,
| | - Lenny H E Winkel
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas A Voegelin
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Michael Berg
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - C Annette Johnson
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
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Abstract
Naturally occurring arsenic in groundwater affects millions of people worldwide. We created a global prediction map of groundwater arsenic exceeding 10 micrograms per liter using a random forest machine-learning model based on 11 geospatial environmental parameters and more than 50,000 aggregated data points of measured groundwater arsenic concentration. Our global prediction map includes known arsenic-affected areas and previously undocumented areas of concern. By combining the global arsenic prediction model with household groundwater-usage statistics, we estimate that 94 million to 220 million people are potentially exposed to high arsenic concentrations in groundwater, the vast majority (94%) being in Asia. Because groundwater is increasingly used to support growing populations and buffer against water scarcity due to changing climate, this work is important to raise awareness, identify areas for safe wells, and help prioritize testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Podgorski
- Department of Water Resources and Drinking Water, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Michael Berg
- Department of Water Resources and Drinking Water, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- UNESCO Chair on Groundwater Arsenic within the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and School of Civil Engineering and Surveying, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia
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Suess E, Berg M, Bouchet S, Cayo L, Hug SJ, Kaegi R, Voegelin A, Winkel LHE, Tessier E, Amouroux D, Buser AM. Mercury loads and fluxes from wastewater: A nationwide survey in Switzerland. Water Res 2020; 175:115708. [PMID: 32220669 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) pollution threatens ecosystems and human health. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) play a key role in limiting Hg discharges from wastewaters to rivers and lakes, but large-scale studies to estimate Hg loads and discharge at national levels are scarce. We assessed the concentration, flux, speciation, and removal of Hg in municipal wastewater throughout Switzerland by investigating 64 WWTPs in a pre-study and a subset of 28 WWTPs in the main study. We also studied the behavior and pathways of Hg along the various treatment steps in a state-of-the-art WWTP. The resulting dataset, representative of industrialized countries, provides an overview of (i) current Hg concentration ranges, (ii) average per capita loads, and (iii) wastewater Hg inputs into surface waters. The results allowed estimation of a total Hg (THg) load in Swiss wastewater of 130 ± 30 kg THg/year (15.7 mg/capita/y), of which 96 ± 4% is retained in sewage sludge. About 4.7 ± 0.5 kg THg/year (0.57 mg/capita/y) is discharged with the treated wastewater into surface waters. This corresponds to only 1.5-3% of the THg load carried by the major Swiss rivers, indicating that >95% of riverine Hg originates from other sources. Extrapolation to the population of Europe would yield a total amount of 11,700 kg THg/year in raw wastewater, with some 480 kg THg/year discharged to surface waters. Monomethyl mercury on average accounted for 0.23% of THg, and its fraction remained constant along the different treatment steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Suess
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Michael Berg
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland.
| | - Sylvain Bouchet
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland; Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lara Cayo
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Stephan J Hug
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Ralf Kaegi
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Voegelin
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Lenny H E Winkel
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland; Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Tessier
- CNRS / Univ. Pau & Pays Adour, E2S/UPPA, MIRA, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM), Pau, France
| | - David Amouroux
- CNRS / Univ. Pau & Pays Adour, E2S/UPPA, MIRA, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM), Pau, France
| | - Andreas M Buser
- Swiss Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN), 3063, Ittigen, Switzerland
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Stopelli E, Duyen VT, Mai TT, Trang PTK, Viet PH, Lightfoot A, Kipfer R, Schneider M, Eiche E, Kontny A, Neumann T, Glodowska M, Patzner M, Kappler A, Kleindienst S, Rathi B, Cirpka O, Bostick B, Prommer H, Winkel LHE, Berg M. Spatial and temporal evolution of groundwater arsenic contamination in the Red River delta, Vietnam: Interplay of mobilisation and retardation processes. Sci Total Environ 2020; 717:137143. [PMID: 32062264 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Geogenic arsenic (As) contamination of groundwater poses a major threat to global health, particularly in Asia. To mitigate this exposure, groundwater is increasingly extracted from low-As Pleistocene aquifers. This, however, disturbs groundwater flow and potentially draws high-As groundwater into low-As aquifers. Here we report a detailed characterisation of the Van Phuc aquifer in the Red River Delta region, Vietnam, where high-As groundwater from a Holocene aquifer is being drawn into a low-As Pleistocene aquifer. This study includes data from eight years (2010-2017) of groundwater observations to develop an understanding of the spatial and temporal evolution of the redox status and groundwater hydrochemistry. Arsenic concentrations were highly variable (0.5-510 μg/L) over spatial scales of <200 m. Five hydro(geo)chemical zones (indicated as A to E) were identified in the aquifer, each associated with specific As mobilisation and retardation processes. At the riverbank (zone A), As is mobilised from freshly deposited sediments where Fe(III)-reducing conditions occur. Arsenic is then transported across the Holocene aquifer (zone B), where the vertical intrusion of evaporative water, likely enriched in dissolved organic matter, promotes methanogenic conditions and further release of As (zone C). In the redox transition zone at the boundary of the two aquifers (zone D), groundwater arsenic concentrations decrease by sorption and incorporations onto Fe(II) carbonates and Fe(II)/Fe(III) (oxyhydr)oxides under reducing conditions. The sorption/incorporation of As onto Fe(III) minerals at the redox transition and in the Mn(IV)-reducing Pleistocene aquifer (zone E) has consistently kept As concentrations below 10 μg/L for the studied period of 2010-2017, and the location of the redox transition zone does not appear to have propagated significantly. Yet, the largest temporal hydrochemical changes were found in the Pleistocene aquifer caused by groundwater advection from the Holocene aquifer. This is critical and calls for detailed investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Stopelli
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department Water Resources and Drinking Water, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
| | - Vu T Duyen
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Technology for Environmental Quality and Food Safety Control (KLATEFOS), VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tran T Mai
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Technology for Environmental Quality and Food Safety Control (KLATEFOS), VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Pham T K Trang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Technology for Environmental Quality and Food Safety Control (KLATEFOS), VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Pham H Viet
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Technology for Environmental Quality and Food Safety Control (KLATEFOS), VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Alexandra Lightfoot
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department Water Resources and Drinking Water, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Rolf Kipfer
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department Water Resources and Drinking Water, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Magnus Schneider
- Institute of Applied Geosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Eiche
- Institute of Applied Geosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Agnes Kontny
- Institute of Applied Geosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Thomas Neumann
- Applied Geochemistry, Institute for Applied Geosciences, Technical University Berlin, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martyna Glodowska
- Geomicrobiology, Center for Applied Geosciences, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Microbial Ecology, Center for Applied Geosciences, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Monique Patzner
- Geomicrobiology, Center for Applied Geosciences, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Kappler
- Geomicrobiology, Center for Applied Geosciences, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sara Kleindienst
- Microbial Ecology, Center for Applied Geosciences, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bhasker Rathi
- Hydrogeology, Center for Applied Geosciences, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Olaf Cirpka
- Hydrogeology, Center for Applied Geosciences, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Bostick
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, 10964, NY, USA
| | - Henning Prommer
- CSIRO Land and Water, 6014 Floreat, Western Australia, Australia; School of Earth Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Lenny H E Winkel
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department Water Resources and Drinking Water, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Berg
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department Water Resources and Drinking Water, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; UNESCO Chair on Groundwater Arsenic Within the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, School of Civil Engineering and Surveying, University of Southern Queensland, QLD 4350, Australia.
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Moeck C, Grech-Cumbo N, Podgorski J, Bretzler A, Gurdak JJ, Berg M, Schirmer M. A global-scale dataset of direct natural groundwater recharge rates: A review of variables, processes and relationships. Sci Total Environ 2020; 717:137042. [PMID: 32062252 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater recharge indicates the existence of renewable groundwater resources and is therefore an important component in sustainability studies. However, recharge is also one of the least understood, largely because it varies in space and time and is difficult to measure directly. For most studies, only a relatively small number of measurements is available, which hampers a comprehensive understanding of processes driving recharge and the validation of hydrogeological model formulations for small- and large-scale applications. We present a new global recharge dataset encompassing >5000 locations. In order to gain insights into recharge processes, we provide a systematic analysis between the dataset and other global-scale datasets, such as climatic or soil-related parameters. Precipitation rates and seasonality in temperature and precipitation were identified as the most important variables in predicting recharge. The high dependency of recharge on climate indicates its sensitivity to climate change. We also show that vegetation and soil structure have an explanatory power for recharge. Since these conditions can be highly variable, recharge estimates based only on climatic parameters may be misleading. The freely available dataset offers diverse possibilities to study recharge processes from a variety of perspectives. By noting the existing gaps in understanding, we hope to encourage the community to initiate new research into recharge processes and subsequently make recharge data available to improve recharge predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Moeck
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department Water Resources & Drinking Water, Dübendorf, Switzerland.
| | - Nicolas Grech-Cumbo
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department Water Resources & Drinking Water, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Joel Podgorski
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department Water Resources & Drinking Water, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Anja Bretzler
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department Water Resources & Drinking Water, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Jason J Gurdak
- San Francisco State University, Department of Earth & Climate Sciences, San Francisco, USA
| | - Michael Berg
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department Water Resources & Drinking Water, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Mario Schirmer
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department Water Resources & Drinking Water, Dübendorf, Switzerland; University of Neuchâtel, Centre of Hydrogeology and Geothermics (CHYN), Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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Glodowska M, Stopelli E, Schneider M, Lightfoot A, Rathi B, Straub D, Patzner M, Duyen VT, Berg M, Kleindienst S, Kappler A. Role of in Situ Natural Organic Matter in Mobilizing As during Microbial Reduction of Fe III-Mineral-Bearing Aquifer Sediments from Hanoi (Vietnam). Environ Sci Technol 2020; 54:4149-4159. [PMID: 32157881 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b07183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Natural organic matter (NOM) can contribute to arsenic (As) mobilization as an electron donor for microbially-mediated reductive dissolution of As-bearing Fe(III) (oxyhydr)oxides. However, to investigate this process, instead of using NOM, most laboratory studies used simple fatty acids or sugars, often at relatively high concentrations. To investigate the role of relevant C sources, we therefore extracted in situ NOM from the upper aquitard (clayey silt) and lower sandy aquifer sediments in Van Phuc (Hanoi area, Vietnam), characterized its composition, and used 100-day microcosm experiments to determine the effect of in situ OM on Fe(III) mineral reduction, As mobilization, and microbial community composition. We found that OM extracted from the clayey silt (OMC) aquitard resembles young, not fully degraded plant-related material, while OM from the sandy sediments (OMS) is more bioavailable and related to microbial biomass. Although all microcosms were amended with the same amount of C (12 mg C/L), the extent of Fe(III) reduction after 100 days was the highest with acetate/lactate (43 ± 3.5% of total Fe present in the sediments) followed by OMS (28 ± 0.3%) and OMC (19 ± 0.8%). Initial Fe(III) reduction rates were also higher with acetate/lactate (0.53 mg Fe(II) in 6 days) than with OMS and OMC (0.18 and 0.08 mg Fe(II) in 6 days, respectively). Although initially more dissolved As was detected in the acetate/lactate setups, after 100 days, higher concentrations of As (8.3 ± 0.3 and 8.8 ± 0.8 μg As/L) were reached in OMC and OMS, respectively, compared to acetate/lactate-amended setups (6.3 ± 0.7 μg As/L). 16S rRNA amplicon sequence analyses revealed that acetate/lactate mainly enriched Geobacter, while in situ OM supported growth and activity of a more diverse microbial community. Our results suggest that although the in situ NOM is less efficient in stimulating microbial Fe(III) reduction than highly bioavailable acetate/lactate, it ultimately has the potential to mobilize the same amount or even more As.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Glodowska
- Geomicrobiology, Center for Applied Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72074, Germany
- Microbial Ecology, Center for Applied Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72074, Germany
| | - E Stopelli
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - M Schneider
- Institute of Applied Geosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - A Lightfoot
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - B Rathi
- Hydrogeology, Center for Applied Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72074, Germany
| | - D Straub
- Microbial Ecology, Center for Applied Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72074, Germany
- Quantitative Biology Center (QBiC), University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72074, Germany
| | - M Patzner
- Geomicrobiology, Center for Applied Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72074, Germany
| | - V T Duyen
- Vietnam National University, Hanoi - Key Laboratory of Analytical Technology for Environmental Quality and Food Safety Control (KLATEFOS), Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
| | - M Berg
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - S Kleindienst
- Microbial Ecology, Center for Applied Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72074, Germany
| | - A Kappler
- Geomicrobiology, Center for Applied Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72074, Germany
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Vincent L, Berg M, Krismer M, Saghafi SS, Cosby J, Sankari T, Vetsigian K, Ii HJC, Baum DA. Chemical Ecosystem Selection on Mineral Surfaces Reveals Long-Term Dynamics Consistent with the Spontaneous Emergence of Mutual Catalysis. Life (Basel) 2019; 9:life9040080. [PMID: 31652727 PMCID: PMC6911371 DOI: 10.3390/life9040080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
How did chemicals first become organized into systems capable of self-propagation and adaptive evolution? One possibility is that the first evolvers were chemical ecosystems localized on mineral surfaces and composed of sets of molecular species that could catalyze each other’s formation. We used a bottom-up experimental framework, chemical ecosystem selection (CES), to evaluate this perspective and search for surface-associated and mutually catalytic chemical systems based on the changes in chemistry that they are expected to induce. Here, we report the results of preliminary CES experiments conducted using a synthetic “prebiotic soup” and pyrite grains, which yielded dynamical patterns that are suggestive of the emergence of mutual catalysis. While more research is needed to better understand the specific patterns observed here and determine whether they are reflective of self-propagation, these results illustrate the potential power of CES to test competing hypotheses for the emergence of protobiological chemical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Vincent
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA.
| | - Michael Berg
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA.
| | - Mitchell Krismer
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA.
| | - Samuel S Saghafi
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA.
| | - Jacob Cosby
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA.
| | - Talia Sankari
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA.
| | - Kalin Vetsigian
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA.
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - H James Cleaves Ii
- Geophysical Laboratory, The Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington, DC 20015, USA.
- Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan.
- Blue Marble Space Institute for Science, Seattle, WA 97154, USA.
- Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA.
| | - David A Baum
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA.
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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Wang S, Zhu G, Zhuang L, Li Y, Liu L, Lavik G, Berg M, Liu S, Long XE, Guo J, Jetten MSM, Kuypers MMM, Li F, Schwark L, Yin C. Anaerobic ammonium oxidation is a major N-sink in aquifer systems around the world. ISME J 2019; 14:151-163. [PMID: 31595050 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-019-0513-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Global-scale N-oxide contamination of groundwater within aquifers occurs due to the widespread use of N-bearing fertilizers and chemicals, threatening both human and environmental health. However, the conversion of these pollutants in active nitrogen (N) cycling processes in the subsurface biosphere still remains unclear. This study investigates the global occurrence of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) in aquifers, where anammox was found to be turned on and off between saturated and unsaturated soil horizons, and contributed 36.8-79.5% to N loss in saturated soil horizons, the remainder being due to denitrification which has traditionally been considered the main pathway for removal of N-pollutants from aquifers. Although anammox activity was undetectable in the unsaturated soil horizons, it could potentially be activated by contact with ascending groundwater. High-throughput pyrosequencing analysis identified Candidatus Brocadia anammoxidans as being the most abundant anammox bacterium in the saturated soils investigated. However, the anammox bacterial abundance was determined by the relative richness of Candidatus Jettenia asiatica. Isotopic pairing experiments revealed that coupling anammox with ammonium oxidation and respiratory ammonification enabled the formation of a revised N cycle in aquifer systems, in which respiratory ammonification acted as an important coordinator. Anammox can therefore contribute substantially to aquifer N cycling and its role in remediation of aquifers contaminated with N-oxides may be of global importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanyun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Guibing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China. .,Department of Biogeochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Linjie Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Yixiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Gaute Lavik
- Department of Biogeochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Michael Berg
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Sitong Liu
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xi-En Long
- School of Geographic Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, 226007, China
| | - Jianhua Guo
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Mike S M Jetten
- Department of Microbiology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel M M Kuypers
- Department of Biogeochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Fangbai Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-Environmental Pollution Control and Management, Guangdong Institute of Eco-Environmental Sciences and Technology, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Lorenz Schwark
- Institute for Geosciences, University of Kiel, D-24098, Kiel, Germany
| | - Chengqing Yin
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
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Takaya CA, Cooper I, Berg M, Carpenter J, Muir R, Brittle S, Sarker DK. Offensive waste valorisation in the UK: Assessment of the potentials for absorbent hygiene product (AHP) recycling. Waste Manag 2019; 88:56-70. [PMID: 31079651 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Offensive human waste refers to non-hazardous waste that contains body fluids from non-infectious humans, comprised of post-consumer Absorbent Hygiene Products (AHPs), swabs, dressings, bedding, gloves, and other materials. While this waste category requires more stringent handling, storage and disposal measures than general waste, its non-hazardous nature suggests that there are opportunities for waste valorisation. An inventory of 200 offensive human waste bags collected from various healthcare institutions in South-Eastern England show that about 76% of the waste is comprised of AHPs, most of which are adult incontinence pads and child nappies. Mixed plastics comprised of predominantly HDPE represent 9% of the waste. To evaluate the potentials for offensive human waste valorisation, small-scale separation tests involving artificially-soiled nappies and associated mixed plastic packaging wastes have been performed. Findings suggest that about 50% of the total superabsorbent polymer is recoverable from fluff pulp fractions, recoveries of which are unaffected by the presence of ionic species typically present in human waste. On the other hand, recovery of mixed plastic packaging is more challenging. Overall, however, findings suggest that viable AHP recycling is possible if recyclate materials are targeted towards non-food related markets outlets such as the construction and land remediation sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Takaya
- School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Moulsecoomb Campus, University of Brighton, BN2 4GJ, United Kingdom; Medisort Limited, Unit A, Fort Road, Littlehampton, West Sussex BN17 7QU, United Kingdom
| | - I Cooper
- School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Moulsecoomb Campus, University of Brighton, BN2 4GJ, United Kingdom
| | - M Berg
- School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Moulsecoomb Campus, University of Brighton, BN2 4GJ, United Kingdom
| | - J Carpenter
- Green Growth Platform, University of Brighton, Watts Building, Lewes Road, BN2 4GJ, United Kingdom
| | - R Muir
- Medisort Limited, Unit A, Fort Road, Littlehampton, West Sussex BN17 7QU, United Kingdom
| | - S Brittle
- Medisort Limited, Unit A, Fort Road, Littlehampton, West Sussex BN17 7QU, United Kingdom
| | - Dipak K Sarker
- School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Moulsecoomb Campus, University of Brighton, BN2 4GJ, United Kingdom.
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Haslam RH, Sass-Kortsak A, Stout W, Berg M. Treatment of Wilson's Disease with Triethylene Tetramine Dihydrochloride. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1159/000455549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Berg M, Temesgen Z. Pimodivir. Polymerase basic protein 2 (PB2) (influenza virus) inhibitor, Treatment of influenza A infection. DRUG FUTURE 2019. [DOI: 10.1358/dof.2019.44.5.2978057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Neidhardt H, Schoeckle D, Schleinitz A, Eiche E, Berner Z, Tram PTK, Lan VM, Viet PH, Biswas A, Majumder S, Chatterjee D, Oelmann Y, Berg M. Biogeochemical phosphorus cycling in groundwater ecosystems - Insights from South and Southeast Asian floodplain and delta aquifers. Sci Total Environ 2018; 644:1357-1370. [PMID: 30743848 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The biogeochemical cycling of phosphorus (P) in South and Southeast Asian floodplain and delta aquifers has received insufficient attention in research studies, even though dissolved orthophosphate (PO43-) in this region is closely linked with the widespread contamination of groundwater with toxic arsenic (As). The overarching aim of this study was to characterize the enrichment of P in anoxic groundwater and to provide insight into the biogeochemical mechanisms underlying its mobilization, subsurface transport, and microbial cycling. Detailed groundwater analyses and in situ experiments were conducted that focused on three representative field sites located in the Red River Delta (RRD) of Vietnam and the Bengal Delta Plain (BDP) in West Bengal, India. The results showed that the total concentrations of dissolved P (TDP) ranged from 0.03 to 1.50 mg L-1 in groundwater, with PO43- being the dominant P species. The highest concentrations occurred in anoxic sandy Holocene aquifers where PO43- was released into groundwater through the microbial degradation of organic carbon and the concomitant reductive dissolution of Fe(III)-(hydr)oxides. The mobilization of PO43- may still constitute an active process within shallow Holocene sediments. Furthermore, a sudden supply of organic carbon may rapidly decrease the redox potential, which causes an increase in TDP concentrations in groundwater, as demonstrated by a field experiment. Considering the subsurface transport of PO43-, Pleistocene aquifer sediments represented effective sinks; however, the enduring contact between oxic Pleistocene sediments and anoxic groundwater also changed the sediments PO43--sorption capacity over time. A stable isotope analysis of PO43--bound oxygen indicated the influences of intracellular microbial cycling as well as a specific PO43- source with a distinct isotopically heavy signal. Consequently, porous aquifers in Asian floodplain and delta regions proved to be ideal natural laboratories to study the biogeochemical cycling of P and its behavior in groundwater environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Neidhardt
- Geoecology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72070 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Daniel Schoeckle
- Isotope Geochemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anna Schleinitz
- Geoecology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72070 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Eiche
- Institute of Applied Geosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Zsolt Berner
- Institute of Applied Geosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Pham T K Tram
- Research Centre for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development (CETASD), Hanoi University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Vi M Lan
- Research Centre for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development (CETASD), Hanoi University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Pham H Viet
- Research Centre for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development (CETASD), Hanoi University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Ashis Biswas
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal 462066, India
| | - Santanu Majumder
- Groundwater Research Group, Texas A&M University, 3115 TAMU, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Debashis Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, 741235 Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Yvonne Oelmann
- Geoecology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72070 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Berg
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
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Maroti R, Notia A, Keyser L, McKinney J, Berg M, Mukwege D. The Mobile Surgical Outreach Model for women with genital fistula in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Nepal J Obstet Gynaecol 2018. [DOI: 10.3126/njog.v13i2.21882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: To describe the PH Mobile Surgical Outreach (MSO) model of care delivery for women with GF and to present data highlighting the program’s scope and clinical impact in 2011-2017.
Methods: PH created the MSO program to deliver health services to women with genital fistula (GF) living in remote areas in DRC. The MSO model facilitates reintegration through community education about GF, leveraging local staff in all aspects of care. Outreach trips are organized annually/bi-annually per site, depending on case volume and funding. Site selection is a two-step process: (1) identification of accessible, strategically located hospitals; (2) initial site visit and readiness assessment. This paper presents 2011-2017 MSO activities, including geographic scope, patient and provider outcomes.
Results: The MSO team has worked with 43 clinic sites across 12 provinces. Since 2011, they have conducted 77 site visits and provided surgical care for 2,017 women. Table1 summarizes surgeries conducted annually by province, 2011-2017.Table 2 provides a clinical snapshot of 2017 case mix.
Conclusions: The MSO model demonstrates feasibility and indicates program successes for capacity-building in skilled medico-surgical care and enhancing community awareness of GF. Training serves to improve local provider skills, strengthens health workforce and offers scalable, sustainable solutions to prevention and treatment.
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Podgorski JE, Labhasetwar P, Saha D, Berg M. Prediction Modeling and Mapping of Groundwater Fluoride Contamination throughout India. Environ Sci Technol 2018; 52:9889-9898. [PMID: 30052029 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b01679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
For about the past eight decades, high concentrations of naturally occurring fluoride have been detected in groundwater in different parts of India. The chronic consumption of fluoride in high concentrations is recognized to cause dental and skeletal fluorosis. We have used the random forest machine-learning algorithm to model a data set of 12 600 groundwater fluoride concentrations from throughout India along with spatially continuous predictor variables of predominantly geology, climate, and soil parameters. Despite only surface parameters being available to describe a subsurface phenomenon, this has produced a highly accurate prediction map of fluoride concentrations exceeding 1.5 mg/L at 1 km resolution throughout the country. The most affected areas are the northwestern states/territories of Delhi, Gujarat, Haryana, Punjab, and Rajasthan and the southern states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, and Telangana. The total number of people at risk of fluorosis due to fluoride in groundwater is predicted to be around 120 million, or 9% of the population. This number is based on rural populations and accounts for average rates of groundwater consumption from nonmanaged sources. The new fluoride hazard and risk maps can be used by authorities in conjunction with detailed groundwater utilization information to prioritize areas in need of mitigation measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel E Podgorski
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology , Department Water Resources and Drinking Water , 8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
| | - Pawan Labhasetwar
- Water Technology and Management Division , CSIR-NEERI , Nehru Marg , Nagpur 440020 , India
| | - Dipankar Saha
- Central Ground Water Board , Government of India, Faridabad 121001 , India
| | - Michael Berg
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology , Department Water Resources and Drinking Water , 8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
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Tan J, Berg M, Gallo R, Del Rosso J. Applying the phenotype approach for rosacea to practice and research. Br J Dermatol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.17055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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