It is time to control the worst: testing COVID-19 outbreak, energy consumption and CO2 emission

Exploring the impact of FDI on environmental innovation in China: An empirical investigation

Today, firms face several environmental concerns, including but not limited to: decreasing natural resources, pollution management, and climate change. Little is known about the factors that motivate the many forms of environmental innovation or the effects of these endeavors on the financial success of businesses, despite the growing demand for eco-friendly goods and services. For the first time, this study introduces the core environmental determinants for China's 30 provinces covering the period of 2005-2022. In these determinants, this study considers foreign direct investment (FDI), financial development (FDI), natural resources (NRs), human capital (HC), and green energy (GE). However, to investigate the study objectives, the present study utilizes an advanced series of estimators that can overcome all panel data problems. In these estimators, the Augmented Mean Group (AMG), the Common Correlated Effect Mean Group (CCE-MG), and the Panel Quantile Regression (P-QR) are being considered. However, the results of the long-term investigation obtained interesting outcomes for selected provinces. For example, financial proxies such as economic development and foreign direct investment significantly increase the environmental innovations across the selected regions. Conversely, natural resources negatively affect environmental innovations and become a leading hurdle in the clean & green innovation process. Finally, empirical analysis finds a positive response of ecological regulations and green energy to an explained variable. This article outlined policy proposals for a low-carbon economy that would guarantee environmental innovation in certain provinces by reducing emissions; these proposals included increasing the use of renewable energy sources, sustainable technology, and environmentally friendly technology.

Navigating crisis: The effect of COVID-19 on sports entrepreneurs and service excellence in non-profit organizations

Sports organizations have deemed sports entrepreneurship crucial in helping them overcome difficult times. The purpose of this research is to find out how the COVID-19 issue affected sports entrepreneurs and whether there are any variations in how non-profit sporting organizations anticipate entrepreneurs' effect on service excellence. This goal was achieved by comparing 145 sports organizations before and after the viral epidemic. The factors evaluated before (Time 1) and after (Time 2) the COVID-19 epidemic were compared using paired sample-t tests. Associations and multilevel linear declines were utilized to examine the link between the factors discussed in the two phases. After the emergence of COVID-19, the findings suggest that risk-taking and creativity are much more significant, although initiative has mostly stayed the same. Lastly, a favourable and statistically substantial correlation exists between sports entrepreneurial and service excellence during pre- and post-crisis periods.

Utilizing green financing in developing green HRM resources for carbon neutrality: presenting multidimensional perspectives of China

This study examines how green finance may encourage the development of green human resource management (HRM) solutions to help China achieve carbon neutrality. For an empirical estimate, the Chinese data is subjected to DEA analysis, Tobit regression, and a sensitivity analysis model. The findings highlight the significance of green finance in the creation of green HRM solutions that aid firms in enhancing their environmental performance, boosting employee happiness, and getting them closer to their carbon neutrality goals. With the use of tools like green bonds and sustainable investment funds, businesses may raise capital for sustainability projects and encourage the adoption of environmentally responsible HRM practices. Moreover, the study results discussed the need to incorporate environmental sustainability considerations into HRM plans, enabling organizations to cultivate a sustainable culture and engage employees in supporting carbon neutrality through green practices in talent acquisition, training and development, performance management, and employee engagement. Incorporating environmental sustainability into HRM processes, boosting stakeholder involvement, and looking into new funding methods are all points emphasized in the study, which aims to enhance the uptake of green HRM initiatives.

Unveiling the global nexus: Pandemic fear, government responses, and climate change-an empirical study

This study examined the relationships between pandemic fear, government responses, and climate change using a time-series dataset from January 1, 2020, to December 31, 2020. By employing an auto-regressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach, the results revealed that pandemic fear significantly impacts climate change, while government responses to COVID-19 negatively influence climate change in the long run. Climate change and government responses significantly positively affect pandemic fear in the long run. Moreover, we found a bidirectional causality between government responses and climate change, unidirectional causality from government responses to pandemic fear, and no Granger causality between pandemic fear and climate change. Our findings have some important policy implications. Governments must encourage coordination, enhance crisis responses, and consider revising economic metrics to maintain environmental sustainability. The COVID-19 experience can inform strategies for reducing CO2 emissions and investing in green economies and healthcare to prepare for future challenges.

How does green digital finance drive the low-carbon energy transition in China?

In the modern world, green digital financing is believed to be an efficient, resilient, and viable source of funding for crisis conditions and to solve the preceding issues in a timely manner. It is a modern tool of financing mainly introduced by the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. Following the paths, most economies started considering it to solve their national economic issues. Thus, to fulfill the requirements of the modern world, current research aims to study the driving role of green digital financing on low-carbon energy transition in China. Using the generalized method of moments (GMM) model based on data collected from 2015 to 2020, this research made an effort to determine the empirical nexus between the green digital financing index and the low-carbon energy transition index and to recommend the possible policy implications to the policymakers and other practitioners. Results have shown that a 0.27% rise in green digital financing is observed in the Chinese economy from scratch, and it resulted from a 0.365% efficiency in the low-carbon energy transition in China. Accordingly, the study resulted that the role of green digital finance is clustering in the Chinese renewable energy industry, which impacts both the performance of the Chinese renewable energy industry and the economy. For more resilience, extended efficiency and viable energy transition study suggested the practical implications for the stakeholders to consider for practice. The novelty of the study is its motivation, findings, and solutions.

Multi-scenario reduction pathways and decoupling analysis of China's sectoral carbon emissions

To achieve its goal of carbon emissions peak and neutrality, China requires synergistic efforts across all sectors. In this study, three scenarios-baseline, policy, and green low-carbon-were developed to explore the pathways for China's emissions reduction across sectors from 2020 to 2060, and the timing of decoupling economic growth from CO2. The results showed that, under these scenarios, China's carbon emissions peak in 2030, 2026, and 2025, with strong decoupling time, lagged one year behind peak attainment. The agriculture, forestry, livestock, and fishing (AFH) and mining and quarrying (MQ) sectors would be the first to achieve a carbon peak. Under all three scenarios, all of the other sectors-with the exception of electricity, gas, and water production and supply (EGW)-will achieve a carbon peak by 2030. Therefore, policymakers should set carbon peak goals based on sector characteristics and ensure energy security in the process of achieving carbon neutrality.

Assessing the possibility of China reaching carbon emission peak by 2030 in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic

At this stage, it is an important goal for China to solve environmental problems to limit the carbon emission peak by 2030 and then to lower its quality gradually thereafter. The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 seriously impacted all aspects of China's social economy and brought many uncertainties to the realization of the carbon emission peak. Based on the fact, it has important theoretical and practical significance to take the problem of China's carbon emissions during the COVID-19 as the research object. Thus, this paper analyzes the current situation of China's CO2 emissions and finds out that in the context of ongoing COVID-19 response, stimulated by China's economic stimulus policies, CO2 emissions decrease firstly and then gradually rebound. On this basis, the paper constructs a dynamic model of China's CO2 emission system to simulate the change in China's CO2 emissions under different economic stimulus policies. The relevant simulation results demonstrate the following: (1) China cannot realize the CO2 emission goal by 2030 only by adopting traditional economic stimulus policies. (2) The green economic stimulus policy oriented to the development of clean energy will rebound China's CO2 emissions in the short term, but it can effectively reduce CO2 emissions in the long run. The most important factors affecting CO2 emission reduction are industrial energy consumption and industrial structure, while the energy power generation structure and the transportation structure have a relatively weak impact on the emission reduction effect. (3) The green economic stimulus policy combined with economic stimulus measures and a variety of low-carbon measures can enable China to peak CO2 emissions before 2030, with a peak value of 11.059 billion tons. In general, green economic stimulus policies can achieve a win-win situation for China's economic recovery and carbon emission peak.

Improvement in CO2 Capture of Polyamine with Micro-Interfacial System

Polyamines have emerged as a promising class of CO2 absorbents due to their remarkable sequestration capacity. However, their potential industrial application as aqueous absorbents is significantly hindered by a low regeneration efficiency and high energy consumption. To address these issues, this study investigates the use of triethylenetetramine (TETA) and ethylene glycol (EG) to develop a nonaqueous absorbent. The incorporation of EG enhances absorption performance and reduces the regeneration energy needed for TETA, whereas the high viscosity of the absorbent impedes absorption rate, amine efficiency, and regeneration efficiency. In order to enhance CO2 capture, micron-sized reaction units (SiO2@TETA-EG) were developed by encapsulating TETA solution with nanosilica. The SiO2@TETA-EG composite exhibits a large specific surface area (99 m2/g), with a porous shell structure and improved fluidity, which effectively counteracts the negative effects caused by high viscosity. Notably, SiO2@TETA-EG indicates a noticeably higher apparent rate constant of 4.29 min-1 at 323.2 K compared to the TETA-EG solution. Furthermore, SiO2@TETA-EG displays a 28.4% boost in regeneration efficiency while maintaining favorable stability in pore size and shape after regeneration.

Which qualities should built environment possess to ensure satisfaction of higher-education students with remote education during pandemics?

The built environment may be considered a complex system comprising several parts (including people, organizations, and physical structures). Since the emergence of the COVID-19 virus in recent years, there has been an explosion in the usage of mobile learning applications for classroom instruction. Research on the diffusion of mobile learning is lacking. This study examines the perceptions and experiences of many aspects of online education from the viewpoint of Chinese HEIs and university students who shifted to online modes of instruction during the COVID-19 outbreak. This research aimed to determine whether or not college students were happy with the resources available to them, how their teachers communicated with them, how they were evaluated, and the conditions in which they studied at home. It also looked at the pros and cons of online learning from the students' points of view. For this study, researchers opted for a cross-sectional survey using an online questionnaire. Information was gathered from 450 students from different Chinese tertiary institutions. To this end, we reflect on the experiences and perspectives of postgraduate students in urban design and discuss the results of an online survey conducted during the 2021-2022 academic year's subject delivery period, which included activities such as assessment, feedback, field study visits, workshops, and the use of digital platforms. PLS-SEM, which stands for partial least square structural equation modeling, is used in order to evaluate the proposed model. Therefore, the findings show that the research model offered for this investigation could explain the diversity in the actual use of mobile learning systems. This would provide helpful insight into the effect of educational, environmental, and quality factors on the actual use of remote education systems. It was shown that quality concerns acted as a mediator between institutional policy, change management, and the implementation of mobile learning systems in actual classrooms. The findings also indicate that the level of pleasure students feel acts as a moderating factor between the degree to which the mobile learning system is used and its overall level of quality. According to the findings of these studies, academic institutions may enhance their use of mobile learning applications and get more benefits from these systems if they adhere to the suggestions stated in these studies.

The determinants of carbon emissions in Belt and Road Initiative countries: analyzing the interactive role of information and communication technologies

Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) countries have benefited greatly from the intelligent growth of the green economy made possible by the widespread adoption of internet and mobile phone technologies. In addition, renewable energy consumption endorses sustainable development. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to determine if the use of information and communication technology (ICT) and renewable energy consumption has an effect on sustainable development in BRI countries, while using the augmented mean group (AMG) model, AMG robustness test, and panel Dumitrescu-Hurlin causality test to get robust results. According to the results of the study, the information and communication technology, renewable consumption, human capital, and urbanization reduces the emission of carbon dioxide emission in BRI countries while economic growth enhances the CO2 emission. Therefore, it is recommended that BRI countries increase their inter-regional cooperation in order to boost investment in renewable energy, effectively use the spillover effect of technology and knowledge, and end the resource curse in environmental policy. Based on the results, the authors of this paper propose a number of important steps toward environmental sustainability.

Revisiting energy transition projects future with "coal-to-gas" energy projects: assessing through life-cycle project cost method

This research aims to evaluate the life-cycle project costs associated with "coal-to-gas" energy transition projects in the context of the present energy environment. Determining the possible role of such initiatives in attaining a sustainable and economical energy future is at the heart of the problem statement. Four major coal seam gas (CSG) projects have affected the local population in China. The study applied structural equation modeling (SEM) and quantile process estimation (QPE) techniques. In this piece, we analyze the methods used to calculate the societal costs of such populations. The people of impacted regions are concerned about increasing economic disparity, have poor trust in the future, and are experiencing a falling standard of living, according to a cross-sectional survey (n = 428) and structural equation modeling (SEM). Most people are worried about the future of their town (reported by 77.3% of respondents), the long-term effects on groundwater (reported by 77.4% of respondents), and the growing cost of living (reported by 83.4% of respondents). The study encompasses the project's life cycle, from conception and construction to decommissioning and site restoration. The findings indicate that although coal-to-gas projects may provide short-term benefits, they may not be economically sustainable in the long term. Factors such as rising natural gas prices, prospective carbon taxes, and decommissioning and site restoration costs can significantly influence the overall project expense. Hence, policymakers and energy companies must carefully evaluate the life-cycle cost of such projects before investing in them as an interim solution.

Green financing and technological innovation influence on e-commerce industry green environment

The urgent need to address environmental concerns has led to the adoption of green production targets by businesses worldwide. This paper explores the influence of green financing and technological innovation on green e-commerce as companies seek to achieve these targets. The study uses a qualitative research design, employing semi-structured interviews with industry experts to gather data. The findings indicate that green financing has a significant positive effect on adopting green production practices and implementing green technological innovations, positively impacting green e-commerce. To reduce emissions of greenhouse gases and promote long-term economic development, COP 26's guiding principles emphasize the need for robust institutions and environmentally responsible technology innovation. Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and associated factors will be analyzed in this research for numerous South Asian nations from 1995 to 2020. Institutional and green technological improvements, alternative energy sources, more accessible commerce, population growth, and economic growth are all examples of such factors. With the possibility of residual cross-sectional dependency and heterogeneity, the research used second-generation panel methodologies to investigate the interrelationships between the variables. Switching to renewable energy sources and implementing environmentally friendly technology innovations have both been shown to cut CO2 emissions by an empirically supported 0.084% and 0.054%, respectively. There is a 0.215 percentage point deterioration in environmental quality due to poor institutional quality, a growing population, increased trade openness, and a thriving economy. The study concludes that achieving green production targets depend on the availability of green financing and the adoption of green technological innovations in the e-commerce industry. This paper provides insights for policymakers, businesses, and investors interested in promoting sustainable business practices and the achievement of green production targets.

Green economic revival acquisition: evaluating impact of digital finance and natural resource development

Digital financing is an emerging source after COVID-19 to address novel problems of economies and different industries. With the growing concern about the sustainability of the global environment, developing countries are now moving toward unprecedented economic development. This research analyzes the impact of digital finance and economic growth on environmental sustainability in China from 1995 to 2020, focusing on natural resource management. To include asymmetric patterns and handle socioeconomic shocks during the last three decades, the research uses the cutting-edge ordinary least square (O.L.S.) methodology. The O.L.S. helps the research findings and illustrated patterns of ecological sustainability dependency across various data distributions. According to the empirical results, N.R., F.D.P., and G.D.P. all benefited from carbon emissions at higher and lower emissions quantiles. Green technology innovation, on the other hand, considerably reduces emissions across all quantiles. Notably, the effect of each repressor significantly changed for lower, medium, and higher emissions quantiles, showing a thorough understanding of China's resource scarcity and sustainable growth.

How does financial decentralization synergies carbon reduction and pollution control in China?

This study looks at how carbon reduction, pollution management, and monetary decentralization in China all work together for a win-win situation. Since China is the most significant contributor to global warming, the country must implement policies to cut carbon emissions and curb pollution. One possible answer is financial decentralization, delegating federal financial responsibilities, and decisions to state and regional governments. The study used the weighted matrix analysis technique, LM matrix analysis technique, and ARDL short-run and long-run analysis estimates. However, the degree to which it will help China reduce carbon emissions and regulate pollution is unclear. This study takes a multifaceted approach to the investigation of this problem. Determining the efficacy of financial decentralization in addressing environmental concerns and drawing policy implications for China's environmental governance framework requires investigating the drivers of this trend and the mechanisms through which it operates. We perform a comprehensive empirical analysis to examine the results of using Chinese data from 1999 to 2019. This study's results provide new information to the literature by showcasing the power of fiscal decentralization in propelling environmentally sound policies in China. Central policy takeaways from the report include decentralizing financial authority to local governments, encouraging cooperation across multiple tiers of government, and setting up effective systems for monitoring and enforcing compliance. These policy suggestions can help China decrease carbon emissions and regulate pollution more efficiently, paving the way to better environmental results and a more sustainable future.

Revitalizing our earth: unleashing the power of green energy in soil remediation for a sustainable future

This study investigates the feasibility of using renewable energy sources in soil remediation to advance green recovery in a way that is both sustainable and kind to the environment. The report stresses the need to reduce the adverse effects of soil pollution in China and foster economic recovery. This study aims to determine how green energy may be most effectively used in soil remediation operations. Using renewable energy sources to power remediation procedures and phytoremediation is presented in this research as two ways to achieve green recovery in soil remediation. The analysis in this work employs the unit root, auto-regressive distributive lag (ARDL), and vector error correction model (VECM) methods. Based on our research, we know that using renewable energy sources like solar, wind, and geothermal power may significantly lessen the environmental impact of soil remediation while simultaneously advancing the cause of sustainability. Phytoremediation is a low-cost, environmentally friendly option that utilizes plants to degrade and remove soil pollutants. The study's findings also stressed the need to consider various remediation strategies' advantages and disadvantages. The study's findings also exposed the potential advantages and disadvantages of phytoremediation, as was the method's viability for use in extensive soil remediation initiatives. The report concludes by emphasizing the need to assess soil remediation and green recovery's more enormous social and environmental implications. We can build a more sustainable future, encourage economic recovery, and combat environmental degradation using renewable energy sources and cutting-edge remediation techniques. The article suggests doing more studies to learn more about the pros and downsides of combining soil remediation and green recovery initiatives.

How digital finance promotes renewable energy consumption in China?

This study uses a quantitative methodology to investigate how the rise of digital money has affected efforts to increase green energy use in China. This work contributes to the body of knowledge by using a number of empirical methods, such as regression analysis, parametric quantile estimation, stability diagnostic tests, and sensitivity analysis. This study's results further demonstrate the importance of digital financing in easing the adoption of renewable energy sources throughout China. Financing alternatives for renewable energy projects have increased as a result of digital finance's integration of digital technology with financial services. A wider range of investors has been attracted through crowdfunding, peer-to-peer lending, and other alternative financing models made possible by digital platforms, allowing the development of small and medium-sized renewable energy projects that may have had trouble securing funding through more traditional channels. The impact of digital finance on energy management and optimization is also investigated. As a result, renewable energy sources have been more widely adopted due to increased energy efficiency, better grid integration, and more efficient energy delivery. This study presents substantial evidence of the beneficial benefits of digital finance on renewable energy use in China using rigorous empirical methodologies such as regression analysis, parametric quantile estimation, stability diagnostic tests, and sensitivity analysis. The results highlight the significance of using digital money to boost the use of renewable energy, lessen reliance on fossil fuels, and help create a greener, more sustainable future.

Green financing and environmental risk mitigation: is environmental protection tax law that important?

This research examines green finance's role in mitigating environmental concerns in China. The significance of the tax code for environmental protection is examined in detail. The research examines the association between green financing and lowering environmental hazards using regression analysis tests, dummy estimation techniques, and robustness analysis on data collected between 2003 and 2018. This research demonstrates that the Environmental Protection Tax Law is a valuable policy instrument for advancing environmentally responsible financing and addressing environmental issues. Green money was shown to be associated with lower environmental hazards. This study's results imply that tax legislation has been implemented to safeguard the environment in China, and more money has been placed into environmentally beneficial initiatives. The impact of environmental protection legislation on greenhouse gas emissions, urbanization, and CO2 emissions is also highlighted. These findings are significant for environmentalists, policymakers, and the financial and banking sectors because they demonstrate how to develop effective strategies to advance green finance and mitigate ecological threats.

Empowering environmental change: role of green bonds in shaping green e-commerce and sustainable business

This research aims to investigate the impact of green bonds on the development of sustainable and environmentally friendly e-commerce businesses, with a focus on promoting environmental empowerment. Recognizing the necessity of preparing for economic changes and strengthening institutional frameworks, this study addresses the shortcomings identified in previous research, including statistical limitations, insufficient inclusion of variables, and a lack of diversity. By bridging these gaps, the research explores the interconnections between economic expansion, sustainability, profitability, and effective governance. To account for country-specific variations, a robust reduced-form modeling strategy is employed, supplemented by generalized method of moments estimates to address potential variability. The study analyzes survey data spanning the years 1990 to 2019. The research findings confirm the significant role of organizational excellence and economic growth in fostering sustainability, lending support to the presence of the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis. Additionally, the study underscores the potential adverse consequences for the natural environment if economic liberalization proceeds without robust governance structures. By providing original empirical evidence on the effectiveness of green bonds in driving the growth of sustainable e-commerce businesses, this research contributes to the field of environmental empowerment and emphasizes the importance of well-designed frameworks to guide economic transitions. The insights derived from this study have implications for policymakers, businesses, and organizations aiming to align economic growth with sustainability goals, ultimately facilitating a more environmentally conscious and resilient future.

Studying financial aspect of green credit and regional heterogeneity on technology innovation in China

This study examines the impact of green credit on digital technology innovation in China, focusing on the influence of financialization and regional heterogeneity. Existing research primarily explores factors like government subsidies, economic growth, and environmental regulations, and there is a lack of critical analysis on the influence of green credit on digital technology innovations. To examine the internal mechanisms linking green credit to digital technology innovation, this study uses panel data from 271 Chinese prefecture-level cities from 2000 to 2020. Our findings suggest that the availability of green credit and the level of financialization have a significant positive effect on technology innovation, particularly in regions with higher economic development. However, we also find that the impact of green credit and financialization on technology innovation varies across different regions of China. Study findings reveal that green credit bolsters both the quantity and quality of digital technology innovation, emerging as a significant driver for green innovations in China. This conclusion holds even after endogeneity tests. The heterogeneous analysis highlights that various aspects of green credit, such as coverage scope, usage intensity, and digitization level, can enhance digital technology innovations. Western cities demonstrate the most considerable positive effects, followed by central cities, while the weakest impact occurs in eastern cities. Green credit primarily promotes digital technology innovation indirectly by alleviating financing constraints. These empirical findings provide valuable policy insights for fostering a harmonious relationship between China's urban green credit facilities and green financial growth, thereby addressing the funding limitations green credit enterprises face.

Testing the theory of Kuznet curve on environmental pollution during pre- and post-Covid-19 era

Covid-19 has brought about significant changes in people's daily lives, leading to a slowdown in economic activities and the implementation of restrictions and lockdowns. As a result, there have been noticeable effects on the environment. In this study, we examine the impact of Covid-19 total cases on the monthly average of carbon monoxide emissions in developed economies known for heavy pollution, covering the period from 2014 to 2023. We apply the Ambiental Kuznets curve approach to analyze the data. By employing different panel estimation techniques such as fixed effects and Driscoll-Kraay regressions, we observe a marked shift in environmental dynamics during the post-Covid era. This shift alters the statistical significance of the N-shaped Kuznets curve, rendering the relationship between economic activity and environmental impact non-significant. Interestingly, the Covid-related variables utilized in the various estimations are not statistically significant in explaining the long-term environmental effects.

Assessing SDG-3 efficiency for SDG-1 by studying interplay of tourism development, poverty alleviation and sustainability

The modern world is facing chaos of different connected issues. Achieving sustainability in the tourism industry for poverty reduction is one of them, having limited guidance for stakeholders. Thus, following SDG-3 guidelines for good well-being via tourism development could contribute to SDG-1 for no poverty. This roadmap needs scientific validation. Therefore, this research aims to determine how much of an overall impact tourism has on alleviating poverty and what factors account for the wide range of estimates of that impact. Using data from 2002 to 2020 and the ARDL model with eight variables, including (a) currency supply, (b) GDP per capita, and (c) tourism earnings higher GDP area, the current emphasis is on reducing the likelihood of any negative impacts this business may have on tourism. Lower Gross Domestic Product (GDP) regions, higher profits per capita from tourism, and reduced poverty all have a role. With a 1% significance threshold, the observed data becomes more convincing. Last, the results show that the Laotian government intends for tourism to contribute to long-term environmentally responsible financial development. In addition, the study's empirical results corroborated the conclusion that policymakers should encourage the successful expansion of the tourist industry.

Tourism development influence on environmental quality: how renewable energy use and income matter?

Tourism is a significant economic growth and development source, but it relies heavily on the energy sector and contributes to carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. This study examines how tourism growth, renewable energy, and real GDP affect CO2 emissions in the BRICS countries. The researchers used panel unit root, Pedroni, and Kao methods to test for a long-run equilibrium relationship among the variables. The results reveal that tourism growth harms CO2 emissions in the long run, with a 1% increase in tourism growth leading to a 0.05% decrease in CO2 emissions. Renewable energy usage also harms CO2 emissions, with a 1% increase in renewable energy leading to a 0.15% decrease in CO2 emissions in the long run. CO2 emissions and real GDP show a U-shaped relationship in the long run, supporting the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis. This hypothesis suggests that CO2 emissions increase with economic growth at low-income levels but decrease with economic growth at high-income levels. Therefore, the study implies that tourism growth can significantly lower CO2 emissions by promoting renewable energy usage and economic development.

Studying tourism recovery options under economic constraints: does stakeholder engagement and financial stability matter?

Researchers neglected the relevance of combining tourism with stakeholders' engagement and financial stability for unlocking the economic constraints. For this, current research intended to study the interplay of tourism recovery options under economic constraints with the role of stakeholders' engagement and financial stability. According to our data, China outperforms the other OECD members. The results shown that Russia comes in second with a consistent in tourism recovery, financial stability, and stakeholders' engagement; Indonesia and Turkey, which finished fourth and fifth in the rankings, have good tourism recovery prospects. Mexico and Brazil come in second and third, respectively, with the worst performance and the lowest scores recorded in the survey findings. The overall interplay among the variables was empirically produced based on the findings of this study and is a new inclusive assessment of financial stability and tourism recovery parameters. It is a useful tool for policy development and evaluation. This study also addresses the criticism of load selection at random and accurately depicts the entire scope of fiscal intervention in the economy to prudently enhance tourism recovery at large.

Does digital financing influence renewable energy performance in China?

The objective of this study is to examine how digital finance influences renewable energy performance in China. Empirical data from China between 2007 and 2019 is used to evaluate the relationship among these variables. The study uses two techniques, quantile regression (QR) and generalized methods of moments (GMM), to draw empirical conclusions. The results reveal that digital finance significantly influences the renewable energy performance, ecological growth, and financial performance of cities in China. Specifically, digital finance accounts for 45.92% of the variation in renewable energy indicators, 27.60% in ecological growth, and 24.39% in the improved financial performance of renewable energy at the city level. The study also observes that the city-level score for digital finance, renewable energy, and other indicators is heterogeneous in movement. Factors contributing to this heterogeneity include high population (16.05%), access to digital banking (23.11%), province-level renewable energy performance (39.62%), household financial stability (22.04%), and household renewable energy literacy (8.47%). Based on these findings, the study recommends practical implications for key stakeholders.

The green wave for climate: overcoming financial intermediation challenges in climate change mitigation through credit subsidies

The aim of this research is to investigate the role of credit subsidies in overcoming financial intermediation challenges. The study seeks to evaluate the current financial intermediation landscape in both countries with respect to climate change mitigation, and to determine the effectiveness of credit subsidies as a policy instrument for promoting mitigation efforts. We apply the unit root test and the error correction modeling technique in examining data from 2012 to 2018 originating from China and Japan, respectively. After that, an explanation for the data is constructed utilizing a regression method. Among the most important findings are the contributions of credit subsidies to eliminating fiscal imbalances, the positive effects they have on global commerce, and the relevance of credit subsidies in reducing greenhouse gas emissions in China and Japan. A 28% and 37% reduction in climate change, respectively, can be achieved by implementing credit subsidy programs for local residents in China and Japan. To provide households with the finance they require to tackle climate change, the financial systems of the industrialized world, particularly those in China and Japan, need to be upgraded.

Adopting environment friendly technology model for green consumer adoption: is financial access important?

The objective of study is to test the role of access to finance between environment friendly technological adoption model for reshaping green consumer adoption pattern. For this, fuzzy-analytic approach is applied on Chinese model. The study findings highlighted that the environment friendly business initiatives must be maintained for longer durations to maintain environmental stability while time-honored techniques of controlling the environment evolve. In China, the technology acceptance model (TAM) in eco-friendly e-commerce increases consumer adoption goals for ecologically responsible items and creates new avenues for securing funding. The theoretical underpinnings of this study come from the fields of rational choice and planned behavior. Fifteen Chinese e-commerce professionals provided information for the research. Pythagorean fuzzy (PAHP) and FTOPSIS techniques are used to predict the results. The research results provide light on how TAM shapes the mindset, values, and goals of eco-conscious online shoppers in China, allowing them to get financial access while also helping to preserve the country's natural resources. Both theoretical and practical suggestions suggested directions to the key stakeholders to obtain financial access so that green consumer adoption may enhance for towards the adoption of environment friendly technology models.

Achieving green tourism through environmental perspectives of green digital technologies, green innovation, and green HR practices

This study investigates tourism growth with the role of green digital technologies and green human resource management (GHRM) in China. We applied a fuzzy analysis technique using the 130 Chinese tourism SMEs that use digital technology. The study results declared that digitalization in tourism increases automation in both the process and the final product, raising demand and quality. Moreover, green digital technologies are significant in agile innovation and tourism growth. The study's results extended that green HRM practices have a significant role in Chinese SMEs developing agile innovation, tourism growth, and green digital innovation. These findings were confirmed by using fuzzy robustness tools. The study proposes to achieve SDGs in China's tourism industry using primitive measures to enhance tourism growth and agile innovation based on green HRM practices and green digital technologies. Such prudent measures suggested improving green digital technologies in the Chinese tourism industry for tourism growth and agile innovation maximization.

Evaluating the trilemma nexus of digital finance, renewable energy consumption, and CO2 emission: evidence from nonlinear ARDL model

It has been established in 2030 sustainability objectives as per SDGs that highlight the critical importance of access to affordable, renewable energy, robust, long-term industrial progress, and digital financing in CO2 emission. The intent of study is to test the trilemma nexus between digital finance, renewable energy consumption, and carbon emission reduction with nonlinear ARDL tests. The study acquired the data and applied the nonlinear ARDL test, split analysis tests, and vector-error correction model (VECM) tests. The results of the study highlighted that the increase of digital finance positively enhances the renewable energy and negatively reduces the CO2 emissions which we calculate to be 11.4% of the digital finance funding on renewable energy goods. For this, a 39% increase in digital financing is noticed by the research findings during the COVID-19 crisis period. Such robust study findings present the latest insights that digital financing is an eminent and viable source of financing for the trilemma nexus with renewable energy consumption and the CO2 emissions. Following these, multiple research implications are also presented for the key stakeholders.

Financial stability influence on climate risk, GHG emission, and green economic recovery of China

This study examines the nexus between financial stability, climate risks, GHG emission mitigation, and green economic recovery of China. Financing efforts to protect against and reduce the hazards associated with climate change need to consider these risks and resources. Study used the Kalman technique of analysis for empirical inference. This research focuses on the carbon risk in China by employing a Kalman estimation approach. Although environmental mitigation was found to be important at 39%, financial strength and carbon hazards were considerable at 34%. Moreover, the report demonstrates the relationship between climatic threats and environmental drift in China, at a rate of 17%, emphasizing the need to address climate change issues. A state's fiscal health guarantees national economic security while pursuing green economic recovery initiatives. Researchers concluded that precise policy suggestions were needed to promote green economic development.

Interplay of tourism renewable energies, tourism institutional quality, and political risk in OECD economies

It is only possible to achieve the aims of reversing the impacts of the resource constraint and attaining sustainable growth if there is a rise in tourism organizational efficacy and tourism and a decrease in political instability. This is because these factors can influence the demand for energy by causing changes in the amount of power consumed. These factors may affect energy demand via changes in energy transitions. In light of this, the objective of this study is to investigate the impact that critical measures of institutional efficiency, tourism, and policy instability have on the utilization of renewable energy sources in a dataset consisting of 32 countries that are members of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development between the years 1997 and 2019. The article uses descriptive statistics and correlation models (cross-section dependency test and autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model) using panel data from 32 Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) nations from 1997 to 2019. Insight into the matter aids in our selection of appropriate econometric methods. The following methods are briefly explained. Evidence shows that as a society's average wealth and standard of life grow, so does its utilization of renewable energy sources. In addition, the economic globalization process and the danger it entails are adversely associated with a long-term reliance on renewable energy sources. Policymakers in countries that are members of the OECD should investigate the role that institutional effectiveness and policy instability play in the demand function for renewable energy to ensure a cleaner natural environment over the long term.

Green bond as a new determinant of sustainable green financing, energy efficiency investment, and economic growth: a global perspective

The purpose of the study is to test the role of green bond financing on energy efficiency investment and economic growth. To achieve the study objective, fuzzy decision-making modeling technique is applied. The results revealed that bank loans are now the main source of financing for energy efficiency projects. Project-based financing might be replaced with Energy Performance Contracts (EPC) warranting energy efficiency investment. Moreover, green banks invest both public and private funds in energy efficiency promoting economic growth. The usage of green bonds for financing environmentally beneficial projects or companies is limitless. Providing for screening energy efficiency investment proposals with small payback hurdle rates might have large opportunity costs. Green bonds can be used to remove the financing barriers for green finance and sustainability tool. On this, study provides policy implications to key stakeholders; if suggested policy suggestions implemented successfully, these would help to enhance scope of green bond financing to uplift energy efficiency financing and green growth successfully.

Does financial institutions assure financial support in a digital economy for energy transition? Empirical evidences from Markov chain and DEA technique

Enhancing the energy transition of the Chinese economy toward digitalization gained high importance in realizing SDG-7 and SDG-17. For this, the role of modern financial institutions in China and their efficient financial support is highly needed. While the rise of the digital economy is a promising new trend, its potential impact on financial institutions and financial support is unproven. For this, this research intended to study how financial institutions assure financial support for China's energy transition toward digitalization. To attain this purpose, DEA analysis and Markov chain techniques are applied to the Chinese data from 2011 to 2021. The results estimated that the transition of the Chinese economy toward digitalization significantly depends upon the digital services of financial institutions and extended digital financial support. The extent of the digital energy transition in China can enhance economic sustainability. The role of Chinese financial institutions accounted for 29.86% of the total effect in transiting China's digital economy. In comparison, the part of digital financial services is found to be significant, with a score of 19.77%. The Markov chain estimates revealed that the digitalization of financial institutions is 86.1%, and financial support is 28.6% important for the digital energy transition of China. The Markov chain result caused a digital energy transition of 28.2% in China from 2011 to 2021. The findings highlighted that China still warrants more prudent and active efforts for financial and economic digitalization, for which the primary research also presents multiple policy recommendations.

Investigating financialization perspective of oil prices, green bonds, and stock market movement in COVID-19: empirical study of E7 economies

The drastic influence of the COVID-19 crisis halted almost every industry and economy and made the quality of doing business in the oil industry and stock markets large. Also, COVID-19 diminished financial and economic performance to a greater extent. This issue still warrants modern solutions. Thus, preceding research inquired about the financialization perspective of oil prices, green bonds, and stock market movement in the COVID-19 crisis. For this, E7 economies' data is selected to analyze the empirical findings of the research. The findings revealed that the green bonds have a weak link to crude oil, a weak correlation to stocks in the E7 settings, and a strong correlation to gold prices. While stock market return is also little correlated in COVID-19, stock volatility is highly significant in both directions with oil prices and green bonds movement. The hedging ratio has also shown a significant connection with oil prices and green bonds movement in determining the financialization of E7 economies. Hence, the study directs the implications for important industrial planning and policymaking decisions.

International tourism and business productivity: does eco-friendly technologies matter?

This research is aimed at determining whether eco-friendly technologies go beyond and above in providing business productivity in international tourism. For this, the study obtained data from different databases, and this data range consisted of 2010-2020. The study applied the co-integration analysis, random and static technique, regression analysis technique, split analysis technique, and mediating effect tests on Chinese data. This research shows that tourism business innovation contributed 12%, value proposition as 9%, internal marketing as 16%, customer relationship management as 19.3%, tourists motivation as 34.05%, tourists time as 18.94%, green technological adoption as 17.3%, tourists visit intention as 8.11%, and green technical transfer as 28.1% in study model. Thus, the findings confirmed that international tourism and business productivity have a dynamic empirical nexus with the mediating role of eco-friendly technology adoption. Furthermore, such findings are robust empirically and validate the empirical connections among the study variables. These results imply that Chinese tourism industry stakeholders may use eco-friendly technologies to good effect, significantly enhancing tourism business productivity, international tourists' satisfaction, and tourists' revisit intentions. Hence, the study also directs practical implications related to the study topicality and China's tourism industry for prudent growth acquisition.

Dynamics of renewable energy index in G20 countries: influence of green financing

The research intends to investigate the green financing trends movement with renewable energy dependence of G-20 economies. The data envelopment analysis (DEA) technique explains research results and illustrates current topicality. The Wald econometric method is utilized for robustness analysis, and a comparative picture of public support is provided. The research demonstrated that green financing metrics are significantly affected by public support during the COVID-19 crisis. Due to the volatility of COVID-19, public assistance funding plays an uneven role in green finance. G-20 member nations financed 17% of total green financing using public funds, which contributed 4% to GDP and achieved 16% of annual energy dependence improvement due to COVID-19 and 24% additional production from renewable energy resources. The results of this research demand maximal support by using positions in the government, ministries in charge of energy efficiency, and departments for energy efficiency improvement. Several possible policy interventions are discussed in this paper that may increase renewable energy efficiency via several alternative approaches, including on-bill financing, direct efficiency grant, guaranteed energy efficiency contracts, and credit lines for energy efficiency. If recommended policies are implemented successfully, they are expected to reduce the crisis' impact and elevate funding for energy efficiency.

The role of green financing to enhance tourism growth by mitigating carbon emission in China

The tourism industry has undergone rapid inquiry in modern times. Based on climatic importance, current research intends to inquire about the role of green financing in enhancing tourism growth by mitigating carbon emissions in China. The study used Data Envelopment Analysis to infer the efficiency of the study model in the study context based on research topicality. Our findings highlighted that China's local tourism destination, renowned for its health and wellness tourism, indicated tourist inspiration to visit climate-supporting visit stations. Study results extended that using green financing for climate change mitigation in a Chinese tourist destination is essential. Empirical results confirmed that green funding directly mitigated climate change and enhanced tourism growth in Chinese settings by solving related issues. On such findings, the study yielded the practical implications for green financing institutions, climate change policymakers and Chinese officials for tourism development.

Assessing and validating tourism business model in hospitality industry: role of blockchain platform

The research aims to investigate the potential of blockchain technology to address the challenges facing traditional tourism businesses in the hospitality industry. By assessing and validating tourism business models, the research explores how blockchain can enhance transparency, efficiency, and cost reduction. This research utilizes the ARDL technique to examine the role of blockchain in the tourism in reducing environmental deterioration in China for the period of 2010-2020. The empirical analysis was used in this study. The study presents findings that support the effectiveness of blockchain in validating tourism business models. The authors conclude by discussing the implications of their research for the hospitality industry and suggest future research directions.

Obtaining green environmental revival through natural resources price variations: Estimations through GARCH technique

The study aims to determine how price fluctuations in metallic resource supplies impact China's environmental performance. This research evaluates the impact of the price volatility of nickel, aluminum, gold, and aluminum on environmental performance in China from 2001 to 2019 to provide an answer to this topic. By examining the robustness of outcomes, the conventional DCC-GARCH approach clarifies the study findings and offers wide policy implications for the most recent topicality CS-ARDL. According to the study, the fluctuation in metal prices significantly influences the nation's GDP. The research's findings show that over the sample period, the price volatility of metallic resources was 23%, and this shift implied a 17.24% change in environmental performance. The findings of the study so ensure that every effort will be made to prevent environmental instability by supporting financial resource volatility recovery via governmental agencies, environmental ministries, and departments. The research has several policy implications, including the necessity for different government aid programs and financial agreements that guarantee environmental growth and resilience. The research's policy recommendations are intended to lessen the impact of structural events and increase environmental effectiveness. Research on financial resource recovery is dispersed and understudied despite the issue having a growing corpus of literature.

Financial inclusion role on energy efficiency financing gaps in COVID-19 period: empirical outcomes of emerging nations

The structural imposed crises of the COVID-19 have halted the system of financial intermediation at large. By this, the energy sector needs huge financing for energy efficiency maximization in the COVID-19 crises. Thus, the current research aims to inquire the role of financial inclusion in filling the energy efficiency financing gaps for the period of COVID-19 outbreak. The governments of many countries are facing fiscal deficits and trying to survive under tight substantial fiscal limitations. So providing a cheap and efficient energy in modern times, under COVID-19 crises, is merely impossible for many economies because the main source of income for energy sector is the energy users, and having inefficient energy for consumption is raising energy poverty at large. Therefore, COVID-19 crises raised a wide energy financing gap in modern times that needs a fix. However, this research is suggesting the system to make financial inclusion structure as effective, to fill the energy financing gap, for post-COVID-19 time, and to develop a viable and sustainable financing option for energy sector in long-run perspective. This study also validated the empirical role of financial inclusion on energy poverty and energy efficiency, with historical data, to justify the significance of financial inclusion for energy financing gap fulfillment. More so, this paper is also recommending new policy implications for the stakeholders to utilize. We believe if the recommended policy recommendations are considered for practice, the energy financing gap in post-COVID-19 era would be mitigated, and there is a high probability to supply the efficient energy to the end users.

Investigating the impact of CO2 emissions on the COVID-19 pandemic by generalized linear mixed model approach with inverse Gaussian and gamma distributions

Carbon dioxide (CO2) rate within the atmosphere has been rising for decades due to human activities especially due to usage of fuel types such as coal, cement, flaring, gas, oil, etc. Especially in 2020, COVID-19 pandemic caused major economic, production, and energy crises all around the world. As a result of this situation, there was a sharp decrease in the global CO2 emissions depending on the fuel types used during this pandemic. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of “CO2 emissions due to the fuel types” on “percentage of deaths in total cases” attributed to the COVID-19 pandemic using generalized linear model and generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) approaches with inverse Gaussian and gamma distributions, and also to obtain global statistical inferences about 169 World Health Organization member countries that will disclose the impact of the CO2 emissions due to the fuel types during this pandemic. The response variable is taken as “percentage of deaths in total cases attributed to the COVID-19 pandemic” calculated as “(total deaths/total confirmed cases attributed to the COVID-19 pandemic until December 31, 2020)*100.” The explanatory variables are taken as “production-based emissions of CO2 from different fuel types,” measured in tonnes per person, which are “coal, cement, flaring, gas, and oil.” As a result of this study, according to the goodness-of-fit test statistics, “GLMM approach with gamma distribution” called “gamma mixed regression model” is determined as the most appropriate statistical model for investigating the impact of CO2 emissions on the COVID-19 pandemic. As the main findings of this study, 1 t CO2 emissions belonging to the fuel types “cement, coal, flaring, gas, and oil” per person cause increase in deaths in total cases attributed to the COVID-19 pandemic by 2.8919, 2.6151, 2.5116, 2.5774, and 2.5640%, respectively.

A hybrid model analysis of digitalization energy system: evidence from China's green energy analysis

The integration of renewable energy sources can be supported by the digitalization of energy systems, which increase dependability and lower costs of energy production and consumption. However, the energy digitalization support energy infrastructures and technologies currently in place are insufficient. This research presented the study results by using the generalized least square estimates (GLS) model and the international sample of China regions from 2003 to 2017. Main results of the dynamic fixed effect (DFE) estimator for the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) method, establishing ES goals for lowering energy consumption and pollution emission fosters a country's renewable energy business sector's digital transformation in the short term, while encouraging the use of renewable energy sources fosters a country's long-term digitalization efforts. Based on this, the direct effects and dynamic effects of digitalization and financial development on environmental are explored, respectively, using the panel data regression model and panel vector autoregression (PVAR) model. The threshold regression model is then used to examine the two parameters' threshold effects on eco-efficiency. An accurate estimate of the resource consumption in smart factories is made possible by the digital twin that is created using the product's and its attributes as well as manufacturing data. The results suggests the future directions for the associated stakeholders.

Impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on China's tourism economy and green finance efficiency

As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, production costs have grown, while human and economic resources have been reduced. COVID-19 epidemic costs can be reduced by implementing green financial policies, including carbon pricing, transferable green certificates, and green credit. In addition, China's tourist industry is a significant source of revenue for the government. Coronavirus has been found in 30 Chinese regions, and a study is being conducted to determine its influence on the tourism business and green financial efficiency. Econometric strategies that are capable of dealing with the most complex issues are employed in this study. According to the GMM system, the breakout of Covid-19 had a negative effect on the tourism business and the efficiency of green financing. Aside from that, the effects of gross capital creation, infrastructural expansion, and renewable energy consumption are all good. The influence of per capita income on the tourism industry is beneficial but detrimental to the efficiency of green finance. Due to the current pandemic condition, this report presents a number of critical recommendations for boosting tourism and green financial efficiency.

Role of financial decentralization on carbon taxation and carbon emission: Way forwards for economic recovery

The study intends to assess the role of financial decentralization on carbon taxation and carbon emission to recommend the way forwards for economic recovery. To estimate the nexus, study applied the cointegration analysis technique, CGE estimation model, long-run analysis using t-CGE model, and robustness analysis technique on Chinese data. Research findings declare that financial decentralization has significant role on extending the carbon taxation in China and financial decentralization supported 14.92% to expand carbon taxation throughout the Chinese industries. In such industries, pollution emission industries are the top of the list including transportation industry and other manufacturing companies. Overall, manufacturing industries size is about 78% and 11% size of transportation industry is included. Correspondingly, the findings also revealed that financial decentralization supports climate change mitigation with 29% and carbon taxation limits carbon emission with 44% in Chinese industries. Study directs to the stakeholders to enhance carbon taxation schemes in all sectors of the all the industries of China and come up with the viable policy action so that the desired sustainable development goals may achieve effectively. Hence, stakeholders need to consider recommendations of preceding research to enhance green economic recovery.

Green financing role on climate change-supportive architectural design development: directions for green architectural designs

The purpose of the study is to study the role of green financing in developing climate change supportive architectural design development to shift the modern world towards the idea of green architectural designs. Thus, the research estimated the nexus among green financing, green architectural development, and climate change mitigation by using the unit root analysis technique, co-integration analysis technique, bound-test estimates, auto-regressive distributive lag-error correction modeling (ARDL-ECM) technique to predict different short-run and long-run relationships, and robustness analysis technique. Following the previous study, modeling green financing index and green architectural design index are used to measure the variables. The findings of the study confirmed that green financing has significant role in supporting the climate change induction in architectural design development both in short run and long run. Moreover, green financing supports in promoting green architectural designs. By this, the viability of green financing in climate change that induces architecturally designed building is confirmed. Correspondingly, empirical results have shown that green financing contributes in climate change with 0.66, green infrastructure development with 0.72, and economic development with 0.31. While in long-run, green financing role in changing inside of climate of the architectural design is 0.74, supports in green infrastructure development with 0.67, and holds the 0.29 percent potential of contributing in economic development. These findings are robust with the 0.74 value of F-statistics, 1.89 value of t-statistics, and 110 value of Narayan standard estimate. In last, the study suggested way forward for stakeholders to promote green architectural designs to achieve SDG 8, SDG 11, and SDG 13.

Assessment of the role of renewable energy financing and information and communication technology in carbon neutrality: evidence from RCEP economies

Understanding the correlation between the various forms of financing and their propensity to invest in renewable energy (RE) innovation is crucial for its successful financing. We investigate the "path" taken by innovators in the financial sector. The UN Secretary-General announced the Sustainable Energy for All Initiative in 2012 to ensure that all people can access reliable, modern energy services by 2030. Substantial monetary and technological investments at a rate much surpassing historical levels are required to accomplish this goal. This research is aimed at determining if the combination of REF and ICT may help improve environmental quality. Using econometric methods, we examine time series data from RCEP economies from 2000 to 2019. This study describes another determinant of carbon emission: economic growth, tourism, and trade openness. The study employs Cup-FM and Cup-BC tests to check the results of variables in this study. The effect of economic growth, tourism, and trade significantly positively impacts carbon emissions in this model. However, renewable energy finance and ICT adversely impact the carbon emission level. Moreover, the moderate effect of renewable energy finance on information and communication technology, tourism, and trade is found to have a negative impact on carbon emissions. The policy recommendations suggest how a country can minimize carbon emissions.

Climate risk, natural resources, and climate change mitigation options in BRICS: implications for green recovery

The study tests the dynamic nexus between climate risk, natural resource exploration strategy in BRICS economies, and climate change mitigation. The study further extended the research aim and presented the recommendations for greening the globe by suggesting green recovery. Climate change protection and climate risk reduction may be efficiently funded using climate risks and natural resources. Still, it is vital to look at the carbon risk in BRICS countries as an example. The researchers used the GMM analysis technique to infer the study findings. According to the study's findings, environmental mitigation was significant at 17%, and financial strength and carbon risks were significant at 22.0%. In addition, the 20.5% association between climate risks and environmental drift in the BRICS nations highlights climate change concerns. A state's financial strength is essential to execute green economic recovery strategies, one of the most highly regarded measures to reducing climate change and guaranteeing long-term economic status at the national level. As a result of the study on green economic growth, decision-makers are provided with specific policy recommendations.

Assessing green financing with emission reduction and green economic recovery in emerging economies

The aim of the study is to assess the role of green financing on carbon emission reduction and green economic recovery in emerging economies context. The BCC DEA technique of data envelopment analysis (DEA) is used to examine the nexus among variables by applying small input-output estimation parameters. Researchers found that green financing strategies like government subsidies and tax refunds for green financing are effective in cutting carbon emissions in developing nations. As a result, a panel of data from 2016 to 2020 is employed. Green financing measures assist reduces carbon emissions and prolong the green economic rebound, according to our research. Renewable energy companies had better ranges of total investment efficiency and size efficiency, and their levels of green economic recovery promotion were more than 0.457% percent, with a reduction in carbon emissions of 29.7 percent in developing countries backed by present government subsidies of 16 percent and taxes rebates of 11 percent. Green financing policies have a favorable impact on the green economy's revival. The study's policy implications include that green financing policies be implemented successfully to reduce carbon emissions more efficiently and to make climate change beneficial to countries in order to promote economic recovery over time.

Studying green financing with economic development in BRI countries perspective: does public-private investment matter?

The study aims to test and inquire about the nexus between green financing and economic development in the belt-and-road initiative (BRI) member countries with the role of public-private investments. The study used the generalized method of moments (GMM) assessment approach from 1990Q1 to 2018Q4 to evaluate research topicality. The study's findings have uncovered some hidden insights and presented new insights. In line with this, the study's findings highlighted that an accurate role of green financing is significant in economic development in BRI economies throughout the research period. The results demonstrate that the GMM method of investigation has distinct validity in establishing the overall significance of results about the role of public-private investments in BRI nations. However, the study results about public-private investments showed a varying impact on nations with high GDP per capita. Moreover, the findings from this research indicate that the development of renewable energy sources is also widely aided by applying environmental regulations. At the same time, factors including population size, technological innovation, industrial structure, and foreign direct investment (FDI) significantly control the relationship between green financing, public-private investments, and economic development. On these findings, the study also recommended practical directions for stakeholders.

Studying financial inclusion, energy poverty, and economic development of South Asian countries

This research investigated the association between financial inclusion, energy poverty alleviation, and economic development in South Asian countries and found significant connections. In order to make multilateral conclusions, we have created a panel of data for nations in South Asia and estimated not only the dynamic panel estimation but also the panel unit root, Kao (1999) estimates, and the ARDL tests for each country. A significant association between financial inclusion and economic development and poverty reduction is discovered by using dynamic panel estimates. Economic development has also been shown to have a favorable influence on energy poverty alleviation. According to the findings of the ARDL analysis, financial inclusion has a beneficial influence on economic development. Financial inclusion and economic growth have reciprocal causalities in energy poverty alleviation, as shown by the study's testing of this association. As a result, it is acceptable to infer that financial inclusion favors economic development and poverty reduction in South Asia. The study also suggests the policy implications for stakeholders.