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Meza-Ramos A, Alcarraz A, Lazo-Rodriguez M, Sangüesa G, Banon-Maneus E, Rovira J, Ramirez-Bajo MJ, Sitges M, Mont L, Ventura-Aguiar P, Batlle M, Guasch E. High-Intensity Exercise Promotes Deleterious Cardiovascular Remodeling in a High-Cardiovascular-Risk Model: A Role for Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1462. [PMID: 37508000 PMCID: PMC10376780 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the benefits of moderate exercise in patients at high cardiovascular risk are well established, the effects of strenuous exercise remain unknown. We aimed to study the impact of strenuous exercise in a very high cardiovascular risk model. Nephrectomized aged Zucker obese rats were trained at a moderate (MOD) or high (INT) intensity or were kept sedentary (SED) for 10 weeks. Subsequently, echocardiography and ex vivo vascular reactivity assays were performed, and blood, aortas, perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT), and left ventricles (LVs) were harvested. An improved risk profile consisting of decreased body weight and improved response to a glucose tolerance test was noted in the trained groups. Vascular reactivity experiments in the descending thoracic aorta demonstrated increased endothelial NO release in the MOD group but not in the INT group, compared with SED; the free radical scavenger TEMPOL improved endothelial function in INT rats to a similar level as MOD. An imbalance in the expression of oxidative stress-related genes toward a pro-oxidant environment was observed in the PVAT of INT rats. In the heart, INT training promoted eccentric hypertrophy and a mild reduction in ejection fraction. Obesity was associated with LV fibrosis and a transition toward β-myosin heavy chain and the N2Ba titin isoform. Exercise reverted the myosin imbalance, but only MOD reduced the predominance of the N2Ba titin isoform. In conclusion, moderate exercise yields the most intense cardiovascular benefits in a high-cardiovascular-risk animal model, while intense training partially reverts them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Meza-Ramos
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Medicine Department, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT), Ciudad de México 03940, Mexico
| | - Anna Alcarraz
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Medicine Department, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Lazo-Rodriguez
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Laboratori Experimental de Nefrologia i Trasplantament (LENIT), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Sangüesa
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisenda Banon-Maneus
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Laboratori Experimental de Nefrologia i Trasplantament (LENIT), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Rovira
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Laboratori Experimental de Nefrologia i Trasplantament (LENIT), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Jose Ramirez-Bajo
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Laboratori Experimental de Nefrologia i Trasplantament (LENIT), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Sitges
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Medicine Department, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Cardiovascular Institute, Clínic Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lluís Mont
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Medicine Department, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Cardiovascular Institute, Clínic Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Ventura-Aguiar
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Laboratori Experimental de Nefrologia i Trasplantament (LENIT), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Clínic Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Batlle
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduard Guasch
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Medicine Department, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Cardiovascular Institute, Clínic Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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2
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Yang S, Yin Z, Zhu G. A review of the functions of G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 in vascular and neurological aging. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 908:174363. [PMID: 34297966 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aging-related diseases, especially vascular and neurological disorders cause huge economic burden. How to delay vascular and neurological aging is one of the insurmountable questions. G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER) has been extensively investigated in recent years due to its multiple biological responses. In this review, the function of GPER in aging-related diseases represented by vascular diseases, and neurological disorders were discussed. Apart from that, activation of GPER was also found to renovate the aging brain characterized by memory decline, but in a manner different from another two nuclear estrogen receptors estrogen receptor (ER)α and ERβ. This salutary effect would be better clarified from the aspects of synaptic inputs and transmission. Furthermore, we carefully described molecular mechanisms underpinning GPER-mediated effects. This review would update our understanding of GPER in the aging process. Targeting GPER may represent a promising strategy in the aging-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230038, China
| | - Zhe Yin
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230038, China
| | - Guoqi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230038, China.
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Endothelium-Independent Vasodilatory Effect of Sailuotong (SLT) on Rat Isolated Tail Artery. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:8125805. [PMID: 33029174 PMCID: PMC7527950 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8125805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Background Sailuotong (SLT) is a standardized three-herb formulation consisting of extracts of Panax ginseng, Ginkgo biloba, and Crocus sativus for the treatment of vascular dementia (VaD). Although SLT has been shown to increase cerebral blood flow, the direct effects of SLT on vascular reactivity have not been explored. This study aims to examine the vasodilatory effects of SLT and the underlying mechanisms in rat isolated tail artery. Methods Male (250-300 g) Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rat tail artery was isolated for isometric tension measurement. The effects of SLT on the influx of calcium through the cell membrane calcium channels were determined in Ca2+-free solution experiments. Results SLT (0.1-5,000 μg/ml) caused a concentration-dependent relaxation in rat isolated tail artery precontracted by phenylephrine. In the contraction experiments, SLT (500, 1,000, and 5,000 μg/mL) significantly inhibited phenylephrine (0.001 to 10 μM)- and KCl (10-80 mM)-induced contraction, in a concentration-dependent manner. In Ca2+-free solution, SLT (500, 1,000, and 5,000 μg/mL) markedly suppressed Ca2+-induced (0.001-3 mM) vasoconstriction in a concentration-dependent manner in both phenylephrine (10 μM) or KCl (80 mM) stimulated tail arteries. L-type calcium channel blocker nifedipine (10 μM) inhibited PE-induced contraction. Furthermore, SLT significantly reduced phenylephrine-induced transient vasoconstriction in the rat isolated tail artery. Conclusion SLT induces relaxation of rat isolated tail artery through endothelium-independent mechanisms. The SLT-induced vasodilatation appeared to be jointly meditated by blockages of extracellular Ca2+ influx via receptor-gated and voltage-gated Ca2+ channels and inhibition of the release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
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Prostanoids contribute to regulation of inwardly rectifying K + channels in intrarenal arterial smooth muscle cells. Life Sci 2020; 250:117586. [PMID: 32222464 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM The inward rectifier K+ (Kir) channels and prostanoids are important factors in regulating vascular tone, but the relationship between them has not been well studied. We aimed to study the involvement of prostanoids in regulating Kir activity in the rat intrarenal arteries (RIRAs). MAIN METHODS The vascular tone of isolated RIRAs was recorded with a wire myograph. The intracellular Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]i) and Kir currents were measured with a Ca2+-sensitive fluorescence probe and patch clamp, respectively, in the arterial smooth muscle cell (ASMC) freshly isolated from RIRAs. Kir2.1 expression in RIRAs was assayed by Western blotting. KEY FINDINGS At 0.03-1.0 mM, BaCl2 (a specific Kir blocker) concentration-dependently contracted RIRAs and elevated [Ca2+]i levels. Mild stimulations with various vasoconstrictors at low concentrations significantly potentiated RIRA contraction induced by Kir closure with BaCl2. In both the quiescent and the stimulated RIRAs, cyclooxygenase inhibition and thromboxane-prostanoid receptor (TPR) antagonism depressed BaCl2-induced RIRA contraction, while nitric oxide (NO) synthetase inhibition and endothelium-denudation enhanced the contraction. Kir2.1 expression was significantly more abundant in smaller RIRAs. Ba2+-sensitive Kir currents were depressed by TPR agonist U46619 while increased by NO donor sodium nitroprusside. SIGNIFICANCE The present results reveal that vasoconstrictor stimulation augments RIRA contraction induced by Kir closure with Ba+ and indicate that prostanoid synthesis followed by TPR activation is involved in the modulation of the myocyte Kir activity. This study suggests that prostanoid synthesis and TPR may be potential targets for dysfunctions in renal blood circulation.
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Lee MYK, Ge G, Fung ML, Vanhoutte PM, Mak JCW, Ip MSM. Low but not high frequency of intermittent hypoxia suppresses endothelium-dependent, oxidative stress-mediated contractions in carotid arteries of obese mice. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2018; 125:1384-1395. [PMID: 30091668 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00224.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea is characterized by intermittent hypoxia (IH) during sleep and predisposes to endothelial dysfunction. Obesity is a major risk factor for the occurrence of sleep apnea. The present study compared the functional impact of low- (IH10; 10 hypoxic events/h) and high-frequency (IH60; 60 hypoxic events/h) IH for 4 wk on endothelial function in male C57BL/6 mice with or without high-fat (HF) diet-induced obesity. Mean arterial blood pressure (tail cuff method) was increased in obese mice after IH60 exposure, i.e., HF + IH60 group. The serum levels of the oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde were augmented in lean IH60 and HF groups, with a further increase in HF + IH60 but a reduction in HF + IH10 mice compared with the HF group. Vascular responsiveness was assessed as changes in isometric tension in isolated arteries. Relaxations to the endothelium-dependent vasodilator acetylcholine were impaired in HF + IH60 aortae. Endothelium-dependent contractions (EDC; response to acetylcholine in the presence of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor l-NAME) in carotid arteries were augmented in the HF group, but this HF-induced augmentation was suppressed by low-frequency IH exposure. The addition of apocynin (antioxidant) reduced EDC in HF and HF + IH60 groups but not in HF + IH10 group. In conclusion, these findings suggest that exposure of obese mice to mild IH exerts preconditioning-like suppression of endothelium-dependent and oxidative stress-mediated contractions. When IH severity increases, this suppression diminishes and endothelial dysfunction accelerates. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The present study demonstrates, for the first time, that low-frequency intermittent hypoxia may exert a preconditioning-like suppression of oxidative stress-induced endothelium-dependent contractions in mice with diet-induced obesity. This relative suppression was diminished as intermittent hypoxia became more severe, and a deleterious effect on endothelial function emerged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Y K Lee
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong , China
| | - Grace Ge
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong , China
| | - M L Fung
- Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, University of Hong Kong , China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong , China
| | - Paul M Vanhoutte
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong , China.,Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, University of Hong Kong , China
| | - Judith C W Mak
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong , China.,Pharmacology & Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong , China.,Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, University of Hong Kong , China
| | - Mary S M Ip
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong , China.,Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, University of Hong Kong , China
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Meyer MR, Rosemann T, Barton M, Prossnitz ER. GPER Mediates Functional Endothelial Aging in Renal Arteries. Pharmacology 2017; 100:188-193. [PMID: 28704834 DOI: 10.1159/000478732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with impaired renal artery function, which is partly characterized by arterial stiffening and a reduced vasodilatory capacity due to excessive generation of reactive oxygen species by NADPH oxidases (Nox). The abundance and activity of Nox depends on basal activity of the heptahelical transmembrane receptor GPER; however, whether GPER contributes to age-dependent functional changes in renal arteries is unknown. This study investigated the effect of aging and Nox activity on renal artery tone in wild-type and GPER-deficient (Gper-/-) mice (4 and 24 months old). In wild-type mice, aging markedly impaired endothelium-dependent, nitric oxide (NO)-mediated relaxations to acetylcholine, which were largely preserved in renal arteries of aged Gper-/- mice. The Nox inhibitor gp91ds-tat abolished this difference by greatly enhancing relaxations in wild-type mice, while having no effect in Gper-/- mice. Contractions to angiotensin II and phenylephrine in wild-type mice were partly sensitive to gp91ds-tat but unaffected by aging. Again, deletion of GPER abolished effects of Nox inhibition on contractile responses. In conclusion, basal activity of GPER is required for the age-dependent impairment of endothelium-dependent, NO-mediated relaxation in the renal artery. Restoration of relaxation by a Nox inhibitor in aged wild-type but not Gper-/- mice strongly supports a role for Nox-derived reactive oxygen species as the underlying cause. Pharmacological blockers of GPER signaling may thus be suitable to inhibit functional endothelial aging of renal arteries by reducing Nox-derived oxidative stress and, possibly, the associated age-dependent deterioration of kidney function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias R Meyer
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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Meyer MR, Fredette NC, Barton M, Prossnitz ER. G protein-coupled estrogen receptor inhibits vascular prostanoid production and activity. J Endocrinol 2015; 227:61-9. [PMID: 26303299 PMCID: PMC4782600 DOI: 10.1530/joe-15-0257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Complications of atherosclerotic vascular disease, such as myocardial infarction and stroke, are the most common causes of death in postmenopausal women. Endogenous estrogens inhibit vascular inflammation-driven atherogenesis, a process that involves cyclooxygenase (COX)-derived vasoconstrictor prostanoids such as thromboxane A2. Here, we studied whether the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) mediates estrogen-dependent inhibitory effects on prostanoid production and activity under pro-inflammatory conditions. Effects of estrogen on production of thromboxane A(2) were determined in human endothelial cells stimulated by the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). Moreover, Gper-deficient (Gper(-/-)) and WT mice were fed a pro-inflammatory diet and underwent ovariectomy or sham surgery to unmask the role of endogenous estrogens. Thereafter, contractions to acetylcholine-stimulated endothelial vasoconstrictor prostanoids and the thromboxane-prostanoid receptor agonist U46619 were recorded in isolated carotid arteries. In endothelial cells, TNF-α-stimulated thromboxane A2 production was inhibited by estrogen, an effect blocked by the GPER-selective antagonist G36. In ovary-intact mice, deletion of Gper increased prostanoid-dependent contractions by twofold. Ovariectomy also augmented prostanoid-dependent contractions by twofold in WT mice but had no additional effect in Gper(-/-) mice. These contractions were blocked by the COX inhibitor meclofenamate and unaffected by the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor l-N(G)-nitroarginine methyl ester. Vasoconstrictor responses to U46619 did not differ between groups, indicating intact signaling downstream of thromboxane-prostanoid receptor activation. In summary, under pro-inflammatory conditions, estrogen inhibits vasoconstrictor prostanoid production in endothelial cells and activity in intact arteries through GPER. Selective activation of GPER may therefore be considered as a novel strategy to treat increased prostanoid-dependent vasomotor tone or vascular disease in postmenopausal women.
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MESH Headings
- 15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid/pharmacology
- Animals
- Arteritis/immunology
- Arteritis/metabolism
- Benzodioxoles/pharmacology
- Carotid Artery, Common/drug effects
- Carotid Artery, Common/immunology
- Carotid Artery, Common/metabolism
- Cell Line, Transformed
- Down-Regulation/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/immunology
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Estrogens/metabolism
- Female
- Humans
- In Vitro Techniques
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Ovariectomy
- Quinolines/pharmacology
- Receptors, Estrogen/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/agonists
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
- Thromboxane A2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Thromboxane A2/metabolism
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
- Vascular Resistance/drug effects
- Vasoconstriction/drug effects
- Vasoconstrictor Agents/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias R Meyer
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, 915 Camino de Salud NE, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USADepartment of CardiologyCantonal Hospital, Tellstrasse, 5001 Aarau, SwitzerlandMolecular Internal MedicineUniversity of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, 915 Camino de Salud NE, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USADepartment of CardiologyCantonal Hospital, Tellstrasse, 5001 Aarau, SwitzerlandMolecular Internal MedicineUniversity of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Natalie C Fredette
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, 915 Camino de Salud NE, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USADepartment of CardiologyCantonal Hospital, Tellstrasse, 5001 Aarau, SwitzerlandMolecular Internal MedicineUniversity of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Barton
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, 915 Camino de Salud NE, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USADepartment of CardiologyCantonal Hospital, Tellstrasse, 5001 Aarau, SwitzerlandMolecular Internal MedicineUniversity of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Eric R Prossnitz
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, 915 Camino de Salud NE, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USADepartment of CardiologyCantonal Hospital, Tellstrasse, 5001 Aarau, SwitzerlandMolecular Internal MedicineUniversity of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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