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Sawan S, Kumari A, Majie A, Ghosh A, Karmakar V, Kumari N, Ghosh S, Gorain B. siRNA-based nanotherapeutic approaches for targeted delivery in rheumatoid arthritis. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2025; 168:214120. [PMID: 39577366 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.214120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 11/15/2024] [Accepted: 11/15/2024] [Indexed: 11/24/2024]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), characterized as a systemic autoimmune ailment, predominantly results in substantial joint and tissue damage, affecting millions of individuals globally. Modern treatment modalities are being explored as the traditional RA therapy with non-specific immunosuppressive drugs showcased potential side effects and variable responses. Research potential with small interfering RNA (siRNA) depicted potential in the treatment of RA. These siRNA-based therapies could include genes encoding pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6, as well as other molecular targets such as RANK, p38 MAPK, TGF-β, Wnt/Fz complex, and HIF. By downregulating the expression of these genes, siRNA-based nanoformulations can attenuate inflammation, inhibit immune system dysregulation, and prevent tissue damage associated with RA. Strategies of delivering siRNA molecules through nanocarriers could be targeted to treat RA effectively, where specific genes associated with this autoimmune disease pathology can be selectively silenced. Additionally, simultaneous targeting of multiple molecular pathways may offer synergistic therapeutic benefits, potentially leading to more effective and safer therapeutic strategies for RA patients. This review critically highlights the in-depth pathology of RA, RNA interference-mediated molecular targets, and nanocarrier-based siRNA delivery strategies, along with the challenges and opportunities to harbor future solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweta Sawan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India
| | - Ankita Kumari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India
| | - Ankit Majie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India
| | - Arya Ghosh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India
| | - Varnita Karmakar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India
| | - Nimmy Kumari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India
| | - Santanu Ghosh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India.
| | - Bapi Gorain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India.
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Toledano-Osorio M, de Luna-Bertos E, Toledano M, Manzano-Moreno FJ, Costela-Ruiz V, Ruiz C, Gil J, Osorio R. Dexamethasone and doxycycline functionalized nanoparticles enhance osteogenic properties of titanium surfaces. Dent Mater 2023:S0109-5641(23)00114-8. [PMID: 37173196 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of doxycycline and dexamethasone doped nanoparticles covering titanium surfaces, on osteoblasts proliferation and differentiation. METHODS Doxycycline and dexamethasone doped polymeric nanoparticles were applied on titanium discs (Ti-DoxNPs and Ti-DexNPs). Undoped NPs and uncovered Ti discs were used as control. Human MG-63 osteoblast-like cells were cultured. Osteoblasts proliferation was tested by MTT assay. Alkaline phosphatase activity was analyzed. Differentiation gene expression was assessed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Scanning Electron Microscopy was performed to assess osteoblasts morphology. Mean comparisons were conducted by ANOVA and Wilcoxon or Tukey tests (p < 0.05). RESULTS No differences in osteoblasts proliferation were found. Osteoblasts grown on Ti-DoxNPs significantly increased alkaline phosphatase activity. Doxycycline and dexamethasone nanoparticles produced an over-expression of the main osteogenic proliferative genes (TGF-β1, TGF-βR1 and TGF-βR2). The expression of Runx-2 was up-regulated. The osteogenic proteins (AP, OSX and OPG) were also overexpressed on osteoblasts cultured on Ti-DoxNPs and Ti-DexNPs. The OPG/RANKL ratio was the highest when DoxNPs were present (75-fold increase with respect to the control group). DexNPs also produced a significantly higher OPG/RANKL ratio with respect to the control (20 times higher). Osteoblasts grown on titanium discs were mainly flat and polygonal in shape, with inter-cellular connections. In contrast, osteoblasts cultured on Ti-DoxNPs or Ti-DexNPs were found to be spindle-shaped and had abundant secretions on their surfaces. SIGNIFICANCE DoxNPs and DexNPs were able to stimulate osteoblasts differentiation when applied on titanium surfaces, being considered potential inducers of osteogenic environment when performing regenerative procedures around titanium dental implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Toledano-Osorio
- University of Granada, Faculty of Dentistry, Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n, Granada 18071, Spain; Medicina Clínica y Salud Pública PhD Programme, Spain
| | - Elvira de Luna-Bertos
- Biomedical Group (BIO277). Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences. University of Granada, Spain; Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, IBS. Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - Manuel Toledano
- University of Granada, Faculty of Dentistry, Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n, Granada 18071, Spain; Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, IBS. Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Manzano-Moreno
- Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, IBS. Granada, Granada, Spain; Biomedical Group (BIO277). Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Spain
| | - Victor Costela-Ruiz
- Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, IBS. Granada, Granada, Spain; Biomedical Group (BIO277). Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Campus de Ceuta. University of Granada, Spain
| | - Concepción Ruiz
- Biomedical Group (BIO277). Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences. University of Granada, Spain; Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, IBS. Granada, Granada, Spain; Institute of Neuroscience, University of Granada, Centro de Investigación Biomédica (CIBM). Parque de Tecnológico de la Salud (PTS), Granada, Spain
| | - Javier Gil
- International University of Cataluña (UIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Osorio
- University of Granada, Faculty of Dentistry, Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n, Granada 18071, Spain; Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, IBS. Granada, Granada, Spain
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Abnormal Variations of the Key Genes in Osteoporotic Fractures. Emerg Med Int 2022; 2022:1022078. [PMID: 37008288 PMCID: PMC10060067 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1022078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. The classical osteoporotic signaling pathways include the four key genes (LRP5, Runx2, Osterix, and RANKL) influencing the regulation of osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis. This study investigates the expression of these four genes associated with bone remodeling during fracture healing. Methods. Ovariectomized rats as an osteoporotic group were randomly divided into three groups-group A, group B, and group C. Nonosteoporotic rats as the control group were likewise divided into three groups A0, B0, and C0, using the same method. The rats were killed on the third day of fractures in groups A and A0, on the seventh day of fractures in groups B and B0, and on the fourteenth day of fractures in groups C and C0. The bone specimens were taken from the femoral fracture site, and the expression level of each gene in the bone specimens was detected using RT-qPCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. Results. LRP5, Runx2, and Osterix expressions were decreased in osteoporotic rat fractures and then increased over time. The expression of RANKL was elevated in osteoporotic rat bone specimens, which decreased after that. Conclusion. The expressions of the four genes varied with time after fracture, which could be associated with the various stages of bone repair. The four genes can inform practice in ideal interventions in the prevention and management of osteoporosis.
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Fattahi R, Mohebichamkhorami F, Khani MM, Soleimani M, Hosseinzadeh S. Aspirin effect on bone remodeling and skeletal regeneration: Review article. Tissue Cell 2022; 76:101753. [PMID: 35180553 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.101753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bone tissues are one of the most complex tissues in the body that regenerate and repair themselves spontaneously under the right physiological conditions. Within the limitations of treating bone defects, mimicking tissue engineering through the recruitment of scaffolds, cell sources and growth factors, is strongly recommended. Aspirin is one of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and has been used in clinical studies for many years due to its anti-coagulant effect. On the other hand, aspirin and other NSAIDs activate cytokines and some mediators in osteoclasts, osteoblasts and their progenitor cells in a defect area, thereby promoting bone regeneration. It also stimulates angiogenesis by increasing migration of endothelial cells and the newly developed vessels are of emergency in bone fracture repair. This review covers the role of aspirin in bone tissue engineering and also, highlights its chemical reactions, mechanisms, dosages, anti-microbial and angiogenesis activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Fattahi
- Department of Tissue engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Mohebichamkhorami
- Department of Tissue engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Khani
- Department of Tissue engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- Department of Tissue engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Simzar Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Tissue engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Banica T, Vandewalle S, Zmierczak HG, Goemaere S, De Buyser S, Fiers T, Kaufman JM, De Schepper J, Lapauw B. The relationship between circulating hormone levels, bone turnover markers and skeletal development in healthy boys differs according to maturation stage. Bone 2022; 158:116368. [PMID: 35181575 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study investigates peri-pubertal changes in bone turnover markers, Wnt-signalling markers, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and sex steroid levels, and how they reflect skeletal development in peri-pubertal boys. MATERIALS AND METHODS Population-based study in 118 peri-pubertal boys from the NINIOS cohort (age range at baseline 5.1-17.3 years) with repeated measurements at baseline and after two years. Serum levels of the classical bone turnover markers (BTM) procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide and carboxy-terminal collagen crosslinks, as well as sex-hormone binding globulin, IGF-1, osteoprotegerin, sclerostin and dickkopf-1 were measured using immunoassays. Sex steroids (estradiol, testosterone, and androstenedione) were measured using mass spectrometry and free fractions calculated. Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry was used for bone measurements at the lumbar spine and whole body. Volumetric bone parameters and bone geometry at the proximal and distal radius were assessed by peripheral QCT. Pubertal development was categorized based on Tanner staging. RESULTS During puberty, sex steroid and IGF-1-levels along with most parameters of bone mass and bone size increased every next Tanner stage. In contrast, classical bone turnover markers and sclerostin peaked around mid-puberty, with subsequent declines towards adult values in late puberty. Especially classical BTM and sex steroid levels showed consistent associations with areal and volumetric bone parameters and bone geometry. However, observed associations differed markedly according to pubertal stage and skeletal site. CONCLUSION Serum levels of sex steroids, IGF-1 and bone metabolism markers reflect skeletal development in peri-pubertal boys. However, skeletal development during puberty is nonlinear, and the relations between skeletal indices and hormonal parameters are nonlinear as well, and dependent on the respective maturation stage and skeletal site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiberiu Banica
- Unit for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Sara Vandewalle
- Unit for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hans-Georg Zmierczak
- Unit for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stefan Goemaere
- Unit for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stefanie De Buyser
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Fiers
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jean-Marc Kaufman
- Unit for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jean De Schepper
- Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, Belgium and Free University of Brussels, Ghent, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bruno Lapauw
- Unit for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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6
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Ana ID, Barlian A, Hidajah AC, Wijaya CH, Notobroto HB, Kencana Wungu TD. Challenges and strategy in treatment with exosomes for cell-free-based tissue engineering in dentistry. Future Sci OA 2021; 7:FSO751. [PMID: 34840808 PMCID: PMC8609983 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2021-0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In dentistry, problems of craniofacial, osteochondral, periodontal tissue, nerve, pulp or endodontics injuries, and osteoarthritis need regenerative therapy. The use of stem cells in dental tissue engineering pays a lot of increased attention, but there are challenges for its clinical applications. Therefore, cell-free-based tissue engineering using exosomes isolated from stem cells is regarded an alternative approach in regenerative dentistry. However, practical use of exosome is restricted by limited secretion capability of cells. For future regenerative treatment with exosomes, efficient strategies for large-scale clinical applications are being studied, including the use of ceramics-based scaffold to enhance exosome production and secretion which can resolve limited exosome secretory from the cells when compared with the existing methods available. Indeed, more research needs to be done on these strategies going forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ika Dewi Ana
- Department of Dental Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Anggraini Barlian
- School of Life Sciences & Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Atik Choirul Hidajah
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, Population Studies, & Health Promotion, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Christofora Hanny Wijaya
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering & Technology, IPB University, Bogor, 16002, Indonesia
| | - Hari Basuki Notobroto
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, Population Studies, & Health Promotion, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Triati Dewi Kencana Wungu
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics & Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
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Kim J, Yeon A, Parker SJ, Shahid M, Thiombane A, Cho E, You S, Emam H, Kim DG, Kim M. Alendronate-induced Perturbation of the Bone Proteome and Microenvironmental Pathophysiology. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:3261-3270. [PMID: 34400895 PMCID: PMC8364444 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.61552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Bisphosphonates (BPs) are powerful inhibitors of osteoclastogenesis and are used to prevent osteoporotic bone loss and reduce the risk of osteoporotic fracture in patients suffering from postmenopausal osteoporosis. Patients with breast cancer or gynecological malignancies being treated with BPs or those receiving bone-targeted therapy for metastatic prostate cancer are at increased risk of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ). Although BPs markedly ameliorate osteoporosis, their adverse effects largely limit the clinical application of these drugs. This study focused on providing a deeper understanding of one of the most popular BPs, the alendronate (ALN)-induced perturbation of the bone proteome and microenvironmental pathophysiology. Methods: To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying ALN-induced side-effects, an unbiased and global proteomics approach combined with big data bioinformatics was applied. This was followed by biochemical and functional analyses to determine the clinicopathological mechanisms affected by ALN. Results: The findings from this proteomics study suggest that the RIPK3/Wnt/GSK3/β-catenin signaling pathway is significantly perturbed upon ALN treatment, resulting in abnormal angiogenesis, inflammation, anabolism, remodeling, and mineralization in bone cells in an in vitro cell culture system. Conclusion: Our investigation into potential key signaling mechanisms in response to ALN provides a rational basis for suppressing BP-induced adverse effect and presents various therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayoung Kim
- Departments of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Austin Yeon
- Departments of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sarah J. Parker
- Smidt Heart Institute, Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Departments of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aissatou Thiombane
- Departments of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eunho Cho
- Departments of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sungyong You
- Departments of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hany Emam
- Division of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Do-Gyoon Kim
- Division of Oral Surgery, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Minjung Kim
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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8
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Kaur T, John AA, Sharma C, Vashisht NK, Singh D, Kapila R, Kapila S. miR300 intervenes Smad3/β-catenin/RunX2 crosstalk for therapy with an alternate function as indicative biomarker in osteoporosis. Bone 2021; 143:115603. [PMID: 32827850 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The study reports a theranostic nature of rno-miR-300 (miR300) in the osteoblast functioning, by influencing the signaling pathway(s), associated with osteoblast differentiation. Excessive expression of miR300 suppresses osteoblast functions. Smad3 served as a validated target for miR300, on homology-based computational analysis and experimental testimony, which activates β-catenin, and subsequently potentiates Runx2. The impact of miR300 on the Smad3/β-catenin/Runx2 signaling interactions in the induction of osteoblast differentiation was scrutinized by immunoblotting and in vivo miRNA antagonism. Overexpression of miR300 in the rat calvarial osteoblasts decreases the protein levels of Smad3, β-catenin and Runx2. Besides, in vivo silencing of miR300 in the neonatal pups and adult rats by AntimiR300 abolishes the suppressing action of miR300 on the osteoblast differentiation and expressions of Smad3/β-catenin/Runx2 axis. MicroCT studies showed improved trabecular microarchitecture in the AntimiR300 transfected ovariectomised rat model compared to sham and negative control. Furthermore, expression levels of miR300 were evaluated in serum samples from an independent set of 30 osteoporotic patients followed by a Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (ROC) based analysis for the diagnostic efficiency of miR300. Interestingly, the results exhibited high levels of miR300 (p < 0.0001) in the serum samples from osteoporotic patients relative to non-osteoporotic subjects (AUC = 0.9689). Thus, miR300 negatively regulates the differentiation of osteoblasts by targeting crosstalk among Smad3, β-catenin and Runx2, unveiling an enormous ability to serve as a therapeutic target for bone-related disorder management strategies. Besides, miR300 may potentially function for the diagnosis of osteoporosis as a non-invasive biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taruneet Kaur
- Animal Biochemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Aijaz A John
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Chandresh Sharma
- Multidisciplinary Clinical Translational Research, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - N K Vashisht
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, SMBT Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Nashik 422403, Maharashtra, India
| | - Divya Singh
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Rajeev Kapila
- Animal Biochemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Suman Kapila
- Animal Biochemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India.
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Albiol L, Cilla M, Pflanz D, Kramer I, Kneissel M, Duda GN, Willie BM, Checa S. Sost deficiency leads to reduced mechanical strains at the tibia midshaft in strain-matched in vivo loading experiments in mice. J R Soc Interface 2019; 15:rsif.2018.0012. [PMID: 29669893 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2018.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sclerostin, a product of the Sost gene, is a Wnt-inhibitor and thus negatively regulates bone accrual. Canonical Wnt/β-catenin signalling is also known to be activated in mechanotransduction. Sclerostin neutralizing antibodies are being tested in ongoing clinical trials to target osteoporosis and osteogenesis imperfecta but their interaction with mechanical stimuli on bone formation remains unclear. Sost knockout (KO) mice were examined to gain insight into how long-term Sost deficiency alters the local mechanical environment within the bone. This knowledge is crucial as the strain environment regulates bone adaptation. We characterized the bone geometry at the tibial midshaft of young and adult Sost KO and age-matched littermate control (LC) mice using microcomputed tomography imaging. The cortical area and the minimal and maximal moment of inertia were higher in Sost KO than in LC mice, whereas no difference was detected in either the anterior-posterior or medio-lateral bone curvature. Differences observed between age-matched genotypes were greater in adult mice. We analysed the local mechanical environment in the bone using finite-element models (FEMs), which showed that strains in the tibiae of Sost KO mice are lower than in age-matched LC mice at the diaphyseal midshaft, a region commonly used to assess cortical bone formation and resorption. Our FEMs also suggested that tissue mineral density is only a minor contributor to the strain distribution in tibial cortical bone from Sost KO mice compared to bone geometry. Furthermore, they indicated that although strain gauging experiments matched strains at the gauge site, strains along the tibial length were not comparable between age-matched Sost KO and LC mice or between young and adult animals within the same genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Albiol
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany
| | - Myriam Cilla
- Centro Universitario de la Defensa, Academia General Militar, Zaragoza, Spain.,Aragon Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - David Pflanz
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ina Kramer
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Georg N Duda
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bettina M Willie
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Research Centre, Shriners Hospital for Children-Canada, Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Sara Checa
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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10
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Li GQ, Fang YX, Liu Y, Meng FR, Wu X, Zhang CW, Zhang Y, Liu D, Gao B. MALAT1-Driven Inhibition of Wnt Signal Impedes Proliferation and Inflammation in Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes Through CTNNB1 Promoter Methylation in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Hum Gene Ther 2019; 30:1008-1022. [PMID: 30909750 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2018.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) participate in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Emerging evidence has highlighted the role of long non-coding RNA metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) and its potential involvement in RA. In this study, we test the hypothesis that the MALAT1 might inhibit proliferation and inflammatory response of FLSs in RA. The expression of MALAT1 was examined in synovial tissues from patients with RA. The effect of MALAT1 on cultured FLSs was analyzed by introducing overexpressed MALAT1 or short hairpin RNA (shRNA) against MALAT1. To validate whether methylation of CTNNB1 promoter was affected by MALAT1 alternation, we assessed the recruitment of DNA methyltransferases to CTNNB1 promoter. In cultured FLSs with shRNA-mediated CTNNB1 knockdown or activated Wnt signaling, we found the interaction between CTNNB1 and Wnt signaling. MALAT1 expression was reduced in synovial tissues of RA. MALAT1 could bind to CTNNB1 promoter region and recruit methyltransferase to promote CTNNB1 promoter methylation, thereby inhibiting CTNNB1. Notably, MALAT1 could suppress the transcription and expression of CTNNB1, thereby modulating the Wnt signaling pathway. Silenced MALAT1 stimulated the nucleation of β-catenin and the secretion of inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-6, interleukin-10, and tumor necrosis factor-α. Additionally, shRNA-mediated MALAT1 silencing elevated proliferation and suppressed apoptosis of FLSs accompanied. These findings provide evidence for the inhibitory effect of MALAT1 on proliferation and inflammation of FLSs by promoting CTNNB1 promoter methylation and inhibiting the Wnt signaling pathway. Therefore, this study provides a candidate therapeutic target for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Qing Li
- 1Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Xuan Fang
- 1Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China.,2Clinical Medical College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- 1Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China.,2Clinical Medical College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Fan-Ru Meng
- 1Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China.,2Clinical Medical College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Xia Wu
- 1Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China.,2Clinical Medical College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Wang Zhang
- 1Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China.,2Clinical Medical College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- 1Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Dan Liu
- 1Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Bo Gao
- 3Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Changzhou Second Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, P.R. China
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Xi Y, Jiang T, Yu J, Xue M, Xu N, Wen J, Wang W, He H, Ye X. The Investigation of LRP5-Loaded Composite with Sustained Release Behavior and Its Application in Bone Repair. INT J POLYM SCI 2019; 2019:1-8. [DOI: 10.1155/2019/1058410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) plays a vital role in bone formation and regeneration. In this study, we developed an injectable and sustained-release composite loading LRP5 which could gelatinize in situ. The sustained release of the composite and its efficacy in bone regeneration were evaluated. Sodium alginate, collagen, hydroxyapatite, and LRP5 formed the composite LRP5-Alg/Col/HA. It was found that the initial setting time and final setting time of LRP5-Alg/Col/HA containing 4% alginate were suitable for surgical operation. When the composite was loaded with 40 μg/mL LRP5, LRP5-Alg/Col/HA did not exhibit a burst-release behavior and could sustainably release LRP5 up to 21 days. Up to 18 days, LRP5 released from LRP5-Alg/Col/HA still present the binding activity with DKK1 (Wnt signaling pathway antagonist) and could increase the downstream β-catenin mRNA in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Moreover, LRP5-Alg/Col/HA was found to significantly increase bone mineral density in the defect area after 6 weeks’ implantation of LRP5-Alg/Col/HA into the rats’ calvarial defect area. H&E staining detection demonstrated that LRP5-Alg/Col/HA could mediate the formation of a new bone tissue. Therefore, we concluded that Alg/Col/HA was a suitable sustained-release carrier for LRP5 and LRP5-Alg/Col/HA had a significant effect on repairing bone defects and could be a good bone regeneration material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhai Xi
- Department of Spine Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Tingwang Jiang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Institution of Laboratory Medicine of Changshu, Changshu, 215500 Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiangming Yu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Mintao Xue
- Department of Spine Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Ning Xu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Jiankun Wen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Weiheng Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Hailong He
- Department of Spine Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Xiaojian Ye
- Department of Spine Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
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Gomes KDN, Alves APNN, Dutra PGP, Viana GSDB. Doxycycline induces bone repair and changes in Wnt signalling. Int J Oral Sci 2018; 9:158-166. [PMID: 28960195 PMCID: PMC5709545 DOI: 10.1038/ijos.2017.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxycycline (DOX) exhibits anti-inflammatory and MMP inhibitory properties. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of DOX on alveolar bone repair. Controls (CTL) and DOX-treated (10 and 25 mg·kg-1) molars were extracted, and rats were killed 7 or 14 days later. The maxillae were processed and subjected to histological and immunohistochemical assays. Hematoxylin-eosin staining (7th day) revealed inflammation in the CTL group that was partly reversed after DOX treatment. On the 14th day, the CTL group exhibited bone neoformation, conjunctive tissue, re-epithelization and the absence of inflammatory infiltrate. DOX-treated groups exhibited complete re-epithelization, tissue remodelling and almost no inflammation. Picrosirius red staining in the DOX10 group (7th and 14th days) revealed an increased percentage of type I and III collagen fibres compared with the CTL and DOX25 groups. The DOX10 and DOX25 groups exhibited increases in osteoblasts on the 7th and 14th days. However, there were fewer osteoclasts in the DOX10 and DOX25 groups on the 7th and 14th days. Wnt-10b-immunopositive cells increased by 130% and 150% on the 7th and 14th days, respectively, in DOX-treated groups compared with the CTL group. On the 7th day, Dickkopf (Dkk)-1 immunostaining was decreased by 63% and 46% in the DOX10 and DOX25 groups, respectively. On the 14th day, 69% and 42% decreases in immunopositive cells were observed in the DOX10 and DOX25 groups, respectively, compared with the CTL group. By increasing osteoblasts, decreasing osteoclasts, activating Wnt 10b and neutralising Dkk, DOX is a potential candidate for bone repair in periodontal diseases.
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Huang W, Wang P, Shen T, Hu C, Han Y, Song M, Bian Y, Li Y, Zhu Y. Aluminum Trichloride Inhibited Osteoblastic Proliferation and Downregulated the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway. Biol Trace Elem Res 2017; 177:323-330. [PMID: 27830450 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0880-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) exposure inhibits bone formation. Osteoblastic proliferation promotes bone formation. Therefore, we inferred that Al may inhibit bone formation by the inhibition of osteoblastic proliferation. However, the effects and molecular mechanisms of Al on osteoblastic proliferation are still under investigation. Osteoblastic proliferation can be regulated by Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. To investigate the effects of Al on osteoblastic proliferation and whether Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is involved in it, osteoblasts from neonatal rats were cultured and exposed to 0, 0.4 mM (1/20 IC50), 0.8 mM (1/10 IC50), and 1.6 mM (1/5 IC50) of aluminum trichloride (AlCl3) for 24 h, respectively. The osteoblastic proliferation rates; Wnt3a, lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP-5), T cell factor 1 (TCF-1), cyclin D1, and c-Myc messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions; and p-glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), GSK3β, and β-catenin protein expressions indicated that AlCl3 inhibited osteoblastic proliferation and downregulated Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. In addition, the AlCl3 concentration was negatively correlated with osteoblastic proliferation rates and the mRNA expressions of Wnt3a, c-Myc, and cyclin D1, while the osteoblastic proliferation rates were positively correlated with mRNA expressions of Wnt3a, c-Myc, and cyclin D1. Taken together, these findings indicated that AlCl3 inhibits osteoblastic proliferation may be associated with the inactivation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyue Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Peiyan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Tongtong Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Chongwei Hu
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yanfei Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Miao Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yu Bian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yanfei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Yanzhu Zhu
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130112, China.
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Malysheva KV, Institute of Cell Biology, NAS of Ukraine, Lviv, Finiuk NS, Pavlenko OK, Havrylyuk DY, Lesyk RB, Stoika RS, Korchynsky OG, Insitute of Animal Biology, NAAS of Ukraine, Lviv, Centre for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Institute of Cell Biology, NAS of Ukraine, Lviv, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Ukraine, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Ukraine, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Ukraine, Institute of Cell Biology, NAS of Ukraine, Lviv, Institute of Cell Biology, NAS of Ukraine, Lviv, Centre for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences. 4-Thiazolidinone-based derivatives rescue TNAα-inhibited osteoblast differentiation in mouse mesenchymal precursor cells. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.15407/ubj89.si01.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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15
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Malysheva K, de Rooij K, Lowik CW, Baeten DL, Rose-John S, Stoika R, Korchynskyi O. Interleukin 6/Wnt interactions in rheumatoid arthritis: interleukin 6 inhibits Wnt signaling in synovial fibroblasts and osteoblasts. Croat Med J 2017; 57:89-98. [PMID: 27106351 PMCID: PMC4856197 DOI: 10.3325/cmj.2016.57.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To evaluate the impact of previously unrecognized negative interaction between the Wnt and interleukin (IL) 6 signaling pathways in skeletal tissues as a possible major mechanism leading to age- and inflammation-related destruction of bone and joints. Methods Luciferase reporter assays were performed to monitor Wnt pathway activation upon IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) treatment. Functional contribution of IL-6 and TNFα interaction to inhibition of bone formation was evaluated in vitro using small hairpin RNAs (shRNA) in mouse mesenchymal precursor cells (MPC) of C2C12 and KS483 lines induced to differentiate into osteoblasts by bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP). Results IL-6 inhibited the activation of Wnt signaling in primary human synoviocytes, and, together with TNFα and Dickkopf-1, inhibited the activation of Wnt response. ShRNA-mediated knockdown of IL-6 mRNA significantly increased early BMP2/7-induced osteogenesis and rescued it from the negative effect of TNFα in C2C12 cells, as well as intensified bone matrix mineralization in KS483 cells. Conclusion IL-6 is an important mediator in the inhibition of osteoblast differentiation by TNFα, and knockdown of IL-6 partially rescues osteogenesis from the negative control of inflammation. The anti-osteoblastic effects of IL-6 are most likely mediated by its negative interaction with Wnt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Olexandr Korchynskyi
- Olexandr Korchynskyi, Department of Regulation of Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis, Institute of Cell Biology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU), 14/16, Drahomanov St., Lviv 79005, Ukraine,
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Skeletal Site-specific Effects of Zoledronate on in vivo Bone Remodeling and in vitro BMSCs Osteogenic Activity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:36129. [PMID: 28139685 PMCID: PMC5282532 DOI: 10.1038/srep36129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) has been associated with long-term oral or intravenous administration of nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates (BPs). However, the pathogenesis of BRONJ remains unknown, and definitively effective treatment has not yet been established. Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis (BRON) tends to occur in maxillofacial bones. Why this occurs is still unclear. Here we show that zoledronate (Zol) treatment suppresses alveolar bone remodeling after tooth typical clinical and radiographic hallmarks of the human BRONJ, whereas enhances peripheral bone quantity in bone remodeling following injury in the same individuals, shown as increased cortical bone thickness, increased trabecular bone formation and accelerated bone defect repair. We find that the RANKL/OPG ratio and Wnt-3a expression are suppressed at the extracted alveolar sites in Zol-treated rats compared with those at the injured sites of peripheral bones. We also show that Zol-treated bone marrow stromal cell (BMSCs) derived from jaw and peripheral bones exhibit differences in cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, expression of osteogenic and chondrogenic related marker genes, and in vivo bone formation capacity. Hopefully, this study will help us better understand the pathogenesis of BRONJ, and deepen the theoretical research.
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17
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Zhu Y, Xu F, Yan X, Miao L, Li H, Hu C, Wang Z, Lian S, Feng Z, Li Y. The suppressive effects of aluminum chloride on the osteoblasts function. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 48:125-129. [PMID: 27771505 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) exposure impairs bone formation, and bone formation is mediated by the osteoblasts. But effects of Al on the osteoblasts function remain elusive. The osteoblasts were exposed to 0, 0.0252, 0.126, 0.252mg/mL AlCl3·6H2O for 24h. The osteoblasts viability, TGF-β1, BMP-2, IGF-I and Cbfα1 mRNA expressions, and GSH-Px and SOD activities, ROS concentration were determined. The osteoblasts ultrastructural features were also observed. The results showed that AlCl3 suppressed the osteoblasts viability, TGF-β1, BMP-2, IGF-I and Cbfα1 mRNA expressions, GSH-Px and SOD activities, and elevated ROS concentration compared with the CG. The ultrastructural features of osteoblasts in the HG showed mitochondrial swelling, foam-like structure, uneven distribution of chromatin, incomplete cell membrane and cytoplasm spillover compared with the CG. It indicates that AlCl3 inhibits osteoblasts viability, growth regulation factors mRNA expressions, anti-oxidative function, and damaged the osteoblasts histology structure, impairing the osteoblasts function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhu Zhu
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China.
| | - Feibo Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xijun Yan
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Liguang Miao
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Haitao Li
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Chongwei Hu
- College of Animals Science, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zhongying Wang
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Vascular Surgery Department, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Shizhen Lian
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Zhuo Feng
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Yanfei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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Krishnasamy R, Hawley CM, Johnson DW. An update on bone imaging and markers in chronic kidney disease. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2016; 11:455-466. [PMID: 30058917 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2016.1239527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Bone disorders in chronic kidney disease (CKD) are associated with heightened risks of fractures, vascular calcification, poor quality of life and mortality compared to the general population. However, diagnosis and management of these disorders in CKD are complex and appreciably limited by current diagnostic modalities. Areas covered: Bone histomorphometry remains the gold standard for diagnosis but is not widely utilised and lacks feasibility as a monitoring tool. In practice, non-invasive imaging and biochemical markers are preferred to guide therapeutic decisions. Expert commentary: This review aims to summarize the risk factors for, and spectrum of bone disease in CKD, as well as appraise the clinical utility of dual energy X-ray densitometry, peripheral quantitative computed tomography, high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography, and bone turnover markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rathika Krishnasamy
- a Department of Nephrology , Nambour General Hospital , Nambour , Australia
- c School of Medicine , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Australia
| | - Carmel M Hawley
- b Department of Nephrology , Princess Alexandra Hospital , Brisbane , Australia
- c School of Medicine , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Australia
- d Department of Nephrology , Translation Research Institute , Brisbane , Australia
| | - David W Johnson
- b Department of Nephrology , Princess Alexandra Hospital , Brisbane , Australia
- c School of Medicine , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Australia
- d Department of Nephrology , Translation Research Institute , Brisbane , Australia
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Ripamonti U, Duarte R, Parak R, Dickens C, Dix-Peek T, Klar RM. Redundancy and Molecular Evolution: The Rapid Induction of Bone Formation by the Mammalian Transforming Growth Factor-β3 Isoform. Front Physiol 2016; 7:396. [PMID: 27660615 PMCID: PMC5014861 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The soluble osteogenic molecular signals of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) supergene family are the molecular bases of the induction of bone formation and postnatal bone tissue morphogenesis with translation into clinical contexts. The mammalian TGF-β3 isoform, a pleiotropic member of the family, controls a vast array of biological processes including the induction of bone formation. Recombinant hTGF-β3 induces substantial bone formation when implanted with either collagenous bone matrices or coral-derived macroporous bioreactors in the rectus abdominis muscle of the non-human primate Papio ursinus. In marked contrast, the three mammalian TGF-βs do not initiate the induction of bone formation in rodents and lagomorphs. The induction of bone by hTGF-β3/preloaded bioreactors is orchestrated by inducing fibrin-fibronectin rings that structurally organize tissue patterning and morphogenesis within the macroporous spaces. Induced advancing extracellular matrix rings provide the structural anchorage for hyper chromatic cells, interpreted as differentiating osteoblasts re-programmed by hTGF-β3 from invading myoblastic and/or pericytic differentiated cells. Runx2 and Osteocalcin expression are significantly up-regulated correlating to multiple invading cells differentiating into the osteoblastic phenotype. Bioreactors pre-loaded with recombinant human Noggin (hNoggin), a BMPs antagonist, show down-regulation of BMP-2 and other profiled osteogenic proteins' genes resulting in minimal bone formation. Coral-derived macroporous constructs preloaded with binary applications of hTGF-β3 and hNoggin also show down-regulation of BMP-2 with the induction of limited bone formation. The induction of bone formation by hTGF-β3 is via the BMPs pathway and it is thus blocked by hNoggin. Our systematic studies in P. ursinus with translational hTGF-β3 in large cranio-mandibulo-facial defects in humans are now requesting the re-evaluation of "Bone: formation by autoinduction" in primate models including humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Ripamonti
- Bone Research Laboratory, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Oral Health Sciences, University of the WitwatersrandJohannesburg, South Africa
| | - Raquel Duarte
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of the WitwatersrandJohannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ruqayya Parak
- Bone Research Laboratory, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Oral Health Sciences, University of the WitwatersrandJohannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Oral Biological Sciences, School of Oral Health Sciences, University of the WitwatersrandJohannesburg, South Africa
| | - Caroline Dickens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of the WitwatersrandJohannesburg, South Africa
| | - Therese Dix-Peek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of the WitwatersrandJohannesburg, South Africa
| | - Roland M. Klar
- Bone Research Laboratory, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Oral Health Sciences, University of the WitwatersrandJohannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of the WitwatersrandJohannesburg, South Africa
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Zhu Y, Hu C, Zheng P, Miao L, Yan X, Li H, Wang Z, Gao B, Li Y. Ginsenoside Rb1 alleviates aluminum chloride-induced rat osteoblasts dysfunction. Toxicology 2016; 368-369:183-188. [PMID: 27470910 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Osteoblasts dysfunction, induced by aluminum (Al), plays a critical role in the osteoporosis etiology. Ginsenoside Rb1 (Rb1) has the therapeutic properties for osteoporosis. This study aimed to assess the efficiency of Rb1 in ameliorating Al-induced osteoblasts dysfunction. The osteoblasts were divided into four groups: Rb1-treated group (RG, 0.0145mg/mL Rb1), control group (CG, 0), AlCl3-treated group (AG, 0.126mg/mL AlCl3·6H2O), AlCl3+Rb1-treated group (ARG, 0.0145mg/mL Rb1 and 0.126mg/mL AlCl3·6H2O). After 24h of culture, the osteoblasts viability, the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), the insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), core-binding factor α1 (Cbfα1) mRNA expressions, glutathione perioxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentration were determined. The osteoblasts ultrastructural features were also observed. In the ARG, the osteoblasts viability, TGF-β1, BMP-2, IGF-I and Cbfα1 mRNA expressions and the GSH-Px and SOD activities were significantly increased, the ROS concentration was significantly decreased, and osteoblasts histology lesion was attenuated compared with the AG. These results demonstrated that Rb1 could significantly reverse osteoblasts viability and osteoblasts growth regulation factor, inhibit oxidative stress, and attenuate histology lesion in the osteoblasts with AlCl3. These results indicate that Rb1 can effectively alleviate the AlCl3-induced osteoblasts dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhu Zhu
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China.
| | - Chongwei Hu
- College of Animals Science, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Peihe Zheng
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Liguang Miao
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Xijun Yan
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Haitao Li
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Zhongying Wang
- Vascular Surgery Department, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Bing Gao
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Yanfei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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Flat bones and sutures formation in the human cranial vault during prenatal development and infancy: A computational model. J Theor Biol 2016; 393:127-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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22
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Mailyan EA. MULTIFACTORIAL PATHOGENESIS OF OSTEOPOROSIS AND THE ROLE OF GENES OF CANONICAL WNT-SIGNALING PATHWAY. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.14341/osteo2015215-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, multifactorial nature of osteoporosis does not raise any doubts. Besides, it should be noted that about 90% disease cases are determined genetically. In 1990-s a number of candidate genes mutations were established which increase the risk of osteoporosis development. VDR, ESR1, ESR2, COLIA1, PTH, CT, CTR, BGP, AR, GCCR, TGFB1, IL-6, IGF1, IL-1ra, OPG were considered to be this kind of genes. New genetic analysis technologies (GWAS, etc.) gave the opportunity to expand our conception about multi genomic pathogenesis of osteoporosis and to point out a new group of genes candidate - a canonical Wnt-signaling pathway genes (CTNNB1, SOST, FOXC2, FOXL1, LRP4, LRP5, WNT1, WNT3, WNT16, DKK1, AXIN1, JAG1, etc.). Extreme importance of canonical Wnt-signaling pathway and genes given above in skeleton formation and its strength necessitate the need for further scientific research and opens perspective to improve osteoporosis diagnostics, treatment and prognosis.
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Biological Events in Periodontal Ligament and Alveolar Bone Associated with Application of Orthodontic Forces. ScientificWorldJournal 2015; 2015:876509. [PMID: 26421314 PMCID: PMC4572431 DOI: 10.1155/2015/876509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Orthodontic force-induced stresses cause dynamic alterations within the extracellular matrix and within the cytoskeleton of cells in the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone, mediating bone remodelling, ultimately enabling orthodontic tooth movement. In the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone, the mechanically induced tensile strains upregulate the expression of osteogenic genes resulting in bone formation, while mechanically induced compressive strains mediate predominantly catabolic tissue changes and bone resorption. In this review article we summarize some of the currently known biological events occurring in the periodontal ligament and in the alveolar bone in response to application of orthodontic forces and how these facilitate tooth movement.
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Rahman MS, Akhtar N, Jamil HM, Banik RS, Asaduzzaman SM. TGF-β/BMP signaling and other molecular events: regulation of osteoblastogenesis and bone formation. Bone Res 2015; 3:15005. [PMID: 26273537 PMCID: PMC4472151 DOI: 10.1038/boneres.2015.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 434] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)/bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) plays a fundamental role in the regulation of bone organogenesis through the activation of receptor serine/threonine kinases. Perturbations of TGF-β/BMP activity are almost invariably linked to a wide variety of clinical outcomes, i.e., skeletal, extra skeletal anomalies, autoimmune, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. Phosphorylation of TGF-β (I/II) or BMP receptors activates intracellular downstream Smads, the transducer of TGF-β/BMP signals. This signaling is modulated by various factors and pathways, including transcription factor Runx2. The signaling network in skeletal development and bone formation is overwhelmingly complex and highly time and space specific. Additive, positive, negative, or synergistic effects are observed when TGF-β/BMP interacts with the pathways of MAPK, Wnt, Hedgehog (Hh), Notch, Akt/mTOR, and miRNA to regulate the effects of BMP-induced signaling in bone dynamics. Accumulating evidence indicates that Runx2 is the key integrator, whereas Hh is a possible modulator, miRNAs are regulators, and β-catenin is a mediator/regulator within the extensive intracellular network. This review focuses on the activation of BMP signaling and interaction with other regulatory components and pathways highlighting the molecular mechanisms regarding TGF-β/BMP function and regulation that could allow understanding the complexity of bone tissue dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shaifur Rahman
- Tissue Banking and Biomaterial Research Unit, Atomic Energy Research Establishment , Dhaka 1349, Bangladesh
| | - Naznin Akhtar
- Tissue Banking and Biomaterial Research Unit, Atomic Energy Research Establishment , Dhaka 1349, Bangladesh
| | - Hossen Mohammad Jamil
- Tissue Banking and Biomaterial Research Unit, Atomic Energy Research Establishment , Dhaka 1349, Bangladesh
| | - Rajat Suvra Banik
- Lab of Network Biology, Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Discipline, Khulna University , Khulna 9208, Bangladesh
| | - Sikder M Asaduzzaman
- Tissue Banking and Biomaterial Research Unit, Atomic Energy Research Establishment , Dhaka 1349, Bangladesh
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Patil S, Paul S. A comprehensive review on the role of various materials in the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells with a special focus on the association of heat shock proteins and nanoparticles. Cells Tissues Organs 2014; 199:81-102. [PMID: 25401759 DOI: 10.1159/000362226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have important roles in the area of regenerative medicine and clinical applications due to their pluripotent nature. Osteogenic differentiation of MSCs has been studied extensively using various stimulants to develop models of bone repair. There are several factors that enhance the differentiation of MSCs into bone tissues. This review focuses on the effects of various inducers on the osteoblast differentiation of MSCs at different stages of cellular development. We discuss the various growth factors, hormones, vitamins, cytokines, chemical stimulants, and mechanical forces applied in bioreactors that play an essential role in the proliferation, differentiation, and matrix mineralization of stem cells during osteogenesis. Various nanoparticles have also been used recently for the same purpose and the results are promising. Moreover, we review the role of various stresses, including thermal stress, and the subsequent involvement of heat shock proteins as inducers of the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts. We also report how various proteasome inhibitors have been shown to induce proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of MSCs in a number of cases. In this communication, the role of peptide-based scaffolds in osteoblast proliferation and differentiation is also reviewed. Based on the reviewed information, this article proposes novel possibilities for the enhancement of proliferation, differentiation, and migration of osteoblasts from MSCs. © 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Patil
- Structural Biology and Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, India
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26
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D'Souza DG, Rana K, Milley KM, MacLean HE, Zajac JD, Bell J, Brenner S, Venkatesh B, Richardson SJ, Danks JA. Expression of Wnt signaling skeletal development genes in the cartilaginous fish, elephant shark (Callorhinchus milii). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2013; 193:1-9. [PMID: 23871650 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2013.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Jawed vertebrates (Gnasthostomes) are broadly separated into cartilaginous fishes (Chondricthyes) and bony vertebrates (Osteichthyes). Cartilaginous fishes are divided into chimaeras (e.g. ratfish, rabbit fish and elephant shark) and elasmobranchs (e.g. sharks, rays and skates). Both cartilaginous fish and bony vertebrates are believed to have a common armoured bony ancestor (Class Placodermi), however cartilaginous fish are believed to have lost bone. This study has identified and investigated genes involved in skeletal development in vertebrates, in the cartilaginous fish, elephant shark (Callorhinchus milii). Ctnnb1 (β-catenin), Sfrp (secreted frizzled protein) and a single Sost or Sostdc1 gene (sclerostin or sclerostin domain-containing protein 1) were identified in the elephant shark genome and found to be expressed in a number of tissues, including cartilage. β-catenin was also localized in several elephant shark tissues. The expression of these genes, which belong to the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, is required for normal bone formation in mammals. These findings in the cartilaginous skeleton of elephant shark support the hypothesis that the common ancestor of cartilaginous fishes and bony vertebrates had the potential for making bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian G D'Souza
- School of Medical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora 3083, Australia; Health Innovations Research Institute, RMIT University, Bundoora 3083, Australia
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Chen D, Li Y, Zhou Z, Wu C, Xing Y, Zou X, Tian W, Zhang C. HIF-1α inhibits Wnt signaling pathway by activating Sost expression in osteoblasts. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65940. [PMID: 23776575 PMCID: PMC3679053 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The nature of the cellular and molecular mechanisms for the transition of avascular cartilage replacement with bone during endochondral ossification remains poorly understood. One of the driving forces is hypoxia. As a master regulator of hypoxia, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) has been reported to couple angiogenesis to osteogenesis. Our recent study has demonstrated that osteoblast growth is inhibited under hypoxia and that HIF-1α cooperates with Osterix (Osx) to inhibit Wnt pathway. However, molecular mechanisms for inhibitory effects of HIF-1α on Wnt pathway are not well understood. In this study, our quantitative RT-PCR results revealed that the expression of a Wnt antagonist Sclerostin (Sost) was upregulated in osteoblasts during hypoxia while HIF-1α was upregulated. Treatment of desferrioxamine (DFO), a HIF-1α activator, led to further increase of Sost expression, suggesting that HIF-1α may activate Sost expression. The regulation of Sost gene expression by HIF-1α was then investigated. We performed loss-of-function experiments to examine Sost expression by using siRNA approach against HIF-1α, and found that the inhibition of HIF-1α by siRNA in osteoblasts led to the decrease of Sost expression. To address transcriptional regulation of Sost gene by HIF-1α, transient transfection assay was performed and showed that HIF-1α activated Sost-1 kb promoter reporter activity in a dose-dependent manner. To narrow down the minimal region of Sost promoter activated by HIF-1α, we generated a series of deletion mutants of Sost constructs. It was demonstrated that Sost-260 was the minimal region of Sost promoter for HIF-1α activation and that Sost-106 construct, which lack hypoxia response element, abolished HIF-1α-mediated Sost reporter activation. Gel shift assay showed that HIF-1 bound to the promoter sequence of Sost directly. These findings support our hypothesis that HIF-1α activates Sost expression. This study provides a novel molecular mechanism through which HIF-1α inhibits Wnt signaling in osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafu Chen
- Laboratory of Bone Tissue Engineering, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing JiShuiTan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Li
- Bone Research Laboratory, Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Zhiyu Zhou
- Department of Spine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou,China
| | - Chengai Wu
- Laboratory of Bone Tissue Engineering, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing JiShuiTan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yonggang Xing
- Laboratory of Bone Tissue Engineering, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing JiShuiTan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xuenong Zou
- Department of Spine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou,China
| | - Wei Tian
- Laboratory of Bone Tissue Engineering, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing JiShuiTan Hospital, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (CZ); (WT)
| | - Chi Zhang
- Bone Research Laboratory, Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CZ); (WT)
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Fleuren WWM, Toonen EJM, Verhoeven S, Frijters R, Hulsen T, Rullmann T, van Schaik R, de Vlieg J, Alkema W. Identification of new biomarker candidates for glucocorticoid induced insulin resistance using literature mining. BioData Min 2013; 6:2. [PMID: 23379763 PMCID: PMC3577498 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0381-6-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucocorticoids are potent anti-inflammatory agents used for the treatment of diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, inflammatory bowel disease and psoriasis. Unfortunately, usage is limited because of metabolic side-effects, e.g. insulin resistance, glucose intolerance and diabetes. To gain more insight into the mechanisms behind glucocorticoid induced insulin resistance, it is important to understand which genes play a role in the development of insulin resistance and which genes are affected by glucocorticoids.Medline abstracts contain many studies about insulin resistance and the molecular effects of glucocorticoids and thus are a good resource to study these effects. RESULTS We developed CoPubGene a method to automatically identify gene-disease associations in Medline abstracts. We used this method to create a literature network of genes related to insulin resistance and to evaluate the importance of the genes in this network for glucocorticoid induced metabolic side effects and anti-inflammatory processes.With this approach we found several genes that already are considered markers of GC induced IR, such as phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PCK) and glucose-6-phosphatase, catalytic subunit (G6PC). In addition, we found genes involved in steroid synthesis that have not yet been recognized as mediators of GC induced IR. CONCLUSIONS With this approach we are able to construct a robust informative literature network of insulin resistance related genes that gave new insights to better understand the mechanisms behind GC induced IR. The method has been set up in a generic way so it can be applied to a wide variety of disease networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilco WM Fleuren
- Computational Drug Discovery (CDD), CMBI, NCMLS, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Bioinformatics Centre (NBIC), P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Erik JM Toonen
- Department of Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Raoul Frijters
- Computational Drug Discovery (CDD), CMBI, NCMLS, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Present address: Rijk Zwaan Nederland BV, Fijnaart, The Netherlands
| | - Tim Hulsen
- Computational Drug Discovery (CDD), CMBI, NCMLS, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Present address: Philips Research Europe, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Jacob de Vlieg
- Computational Drug Discovery (CDD), CMBI, NCMLS, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Netherlands eScience Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wynand Alkema
- Computational Drug Discovery (CDD), CMBI, NCMLS, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Present address: NIZO Food Research BV, Ede, The Netherlands
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Dwivedi PP, Lam N, Powell BC. Boning up on glypicans-opportunities for new insights into bone biology. Cell Biochem Funct 2013; 31:91-114. [DOI: 10.1002/cbf.2939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Revised: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - N. Lam
- Craniofacial Research Group; Women's and Children's Health Research Institute; North Adelaide; South Australia; Australia
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Virdi AS, Liu M, Sena K, Maletich J, McNulty M, Ke HZ, Sumner DR. Sclerostin antibody increases bone volume and enhances implant fixation in a rat model. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2012; 94:1670-80. [PMID: 22992878 PMCID: PMC3444952 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.k.00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have demonstrated that sclerostin blockade is anabolic for bone. This study examined whether systemic administration of sclerostin antibody would increase implant fixation and peri-implant bone volume in a rat model. METHODS Titanium cylinders were placed in the femoral medullary canal of ninety male Sprague-Dawley rats. One-half of the rats (n=45) received murine sclerostin antibody (Scl-Ab, 25 mg/kg, twice weekly) and the other one-half (n=45) received saline solution. Equal numbers of rats from both groups were sacrificed at two, four, or eight weeks after the implant surgery and the femora were examined by microcomputed tomography, mechanical pull-out testing, and histology. RESULTS Fixation strength in the two groups was similar at two weeks but was 1.9-fold greater at four weeks (p=0.024) and 2.2-fold greater at eight weeks (p<0.001) in the rats treated with sclerostin antibody. At two weeks, antibody treatment led to increased cortical area, with later increases in cortical thickness and total cross-sectional area. Significant differences in peri-implant trabecular bone were not evident until eight weeks but included increased bone volume per total volume, bone structure that was more plate-like, and increased trabecular thickness and number. Changes in bone architecture in the intact contralateral femur tended to precede the peri-implant changes. The peri-implant bone properties accounted for 61% of the variance in implant fixation strength, 32% of the variance in stiffness, and 63% of the variance in energy to failure. The implant fixation strength at four weeks was approximately equivalent to the strength in the control group at eight weeks. CONCLUSIONS Sclerostin antibody treatment accelerated and enhanced mechanical fixation of medullary implants in a rat model by increasing both cortical and trabecular bone volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarjit S. Virdi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush Medical College, Rush University Medical Center, 600 South Paulina Street, Room 507, AcFac, Chicago, IL 60612. E-mail address for D.R. Sumner:
| | - Min Liu
- Metabolic Disorders Research, Mail Stop 29-M-B, Amgen, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320
| | - Kotaro Sena
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush Medical College, Rush University Medical Center, 600 South Paulina Street, Room 507, AcFac, Chicago, IL 60612. E-mail address for D.R. Sumner:
| | - James Maletich
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush Medical College, Rush University Medical Center, 600 South Paulina Street, Room 507, AcFac, Chicago, IL 60612. E-mail address for D.R. Sumner:
| | - Margaret McNulty
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush Medical College, Rush University Medical Center, 600 South Paulina Street, Room 507, AcFac, Chicago, IL 60612. E-mail address for D.R. Sumner:
| | - Hua Zhu Ke
- Metabolic Disorders Research, Mail Stop 29-M-B, Amgen, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320
| | - Dale R. Sumner
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush Medical College, Rush University Medical Center, 600 South Paulina Street, Room 507, AcFac, Chicago, IL 60612. E-mail address for D.R. Sumner:
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Zhang C, Dai H, de Crombrugghe B. Characterization of Dkk1 gene regulation by the osteoblast-specific transcription factor Osx. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 420:782-6. [PMID: 22459449 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.03.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bone formation is a developmental process involving the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells to osteoblasts. Osterix (Osx) is an osteoblast-specific transcription factor required for bone formation and osteoblast differentiation. Previous observation that Osx inhibits Wnt signaling pathway provides a novel concept of feedback control mechanisms involved in bone formation. Wnt antagonist Dickkopf-1 (Dkk1) plays an important role on skeletal development and bone remodeling. Osx has been shown to activate the Dkk1 promoter; however, the detailed mechanism of Osx regulation on Dkk1 expression is not fully understood. In this study, quantitative real-time RT-PCR results demonstrated that Dkk1 expression was downregulated in Osx-null calvaria at two different points of E15.5 and E18.5 in mice embryos. Overexpression of Osx resulted in upregulation of Dkk1 expression in Tet-off stable C2C12 cell line. Inhibition of Osx expression by siRNA led to downregulation of Dkk1 in osteoblasts. These data suggest that Osx may target Dkk1 directly. To define minimal region of Dkk1 promoter activated by Osx, we made a series of deletion mutants of Dkk1 promoter constructs, and narrowed down the minimal region to the proximal 250bp by transient transfection assay. It was shown that two GC-rich binding sites within this minimal region of Dkk1 promoter were required for the Dkk1 promoter activation by Osx. Importantly, quantitative chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays were performed to show that endogenous Osx associated with native Dkk1 promoter in primary osteoblasts. Taken together, these findings support our hypothesis that Dkk1 is a direct target of Osx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Bone Research Laboratory, Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 2222 Welborn St., Dallas, TX 75219, USA.
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Assar R, Leisewitz AV, Garcia A, Inestrosa NC, Montecino MA, Sherman DJ. Reusing and composing models of cell fate regulation of human bone precursor cells. Biosystems 2012; 108:63-72. [PMID: 22309764 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2012.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Revised: 12/28/2011] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In order to treat osteoporosis and other bone mass disorders it is necessary to understand the regulatory processes that control the cell fate decisions responsible for going from bone precursor cells to bone tissue. Many processes interact to regulate cell division, differentiation and apoptosis. There are models for these basic processes, but not for their interactions. In this work we use the theory of switched systems, reuse and composition of validated models to describe the cell fate decisions leading to bone and fat formation. We describe the differentiation of osteo-adipo progenitor cells by composing its model with differentiation stimuli. We use the activation of the Wnt pathway as stimulus to osteoblast lineage, including regulation of cell division and apoptosis. This model is our first step to simulate physiological responses in silico to treatments for bone mass disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Assar
- INRIA Bordeaux Sud-Ouest, Project-team (EPC) MAGNOME common to INRIA, CNRS, Talence, France.
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Inhibition of adipocytogenesis by canonical WNT signaling in human mesenchymal stem cells. Exp Cell Res 2011; 317:1796-803. [PMID: 21640723 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2011.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2010] [Revised: 04/21/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The WNT signaling pathway plays important roles in the self-renewal and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Little is known about WNT signaling in adipocyte differentiation of human MSCs. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that canonical and non-canonical WNTs differentially regulate in vitro adipocytogenesis in human MSCs. The expression of adipocyte gene PPARγ2, lipoprotein lipase, and adipsin increased during adipocytogenesis of hMSCs. Simultaneously, the expression of canonical WNT2, 10B, 13, and 14 decreased, whereas non-canonical WNT4 and 11 increased, and WNT5A was unchanged. A small molecule WNT mimetic, SB-216763, increased accumulation of β-catenin protein, inhibited induction of WNT4 and 11 and inhibited adipocytogenesis. In contrast, knockdown of β-catenin with siRNA resulted in spontaneous adipocytogenesis. These findings support the view that canonical WNT signaling inhibits and non-canonical WNT signaling promotes adipocytogenesis in adult human marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells.
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Danks JA, D'Souza DG, Gunn HJ, Milley KM, Richardson SJ. Evolution of the parathyroid hormone family and skeletal formation pathways. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2011; 170:79-91. [PMID: 21074535 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2010.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2010] [Accepted: 10/31/2010] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Bone is considered to be a feature of higher vertebrates and one of the features that was required for the movement from water onto land. But there are a number of evolutionarily important species that have cartilaginous skeletons, including sharks. Both bony and cartilaginous fish are believed to have a common ancestor who had a bony skeleton. A number of factors and pathways have been shown to be involved in the development and maintenance of bony skeleton including the Wnt pathway and the parathyroid hormone gene family. The study of these pathways and factors in cartilaginous animals may shed light on the evolution of the vertebrate skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine A Danks
- Comparative Endocrinology and Biochemistry Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.
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35
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Yang F, Tang W, So S, de Crombrugghe B, Zhang C. Sclerostin is a direct target of osteoblast-specific transcription factor osterix. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 400:684-8. [PMID: 20816666 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.08.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2010] [Accepted: 08/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Osterix (Osx) is an osteoblast-specific transcription factor required for osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. Osx knock-out mice lack bone completely. Recent findings that Osx inhibits Wnt signaling provide a feedback control mechanism involved in bone formation. Mechanisms of Osx inhibition on Wnt signaling are not fully understood. Our results in this study revealed that the expression of a Wnt antagonist Sclerostin (Sost) was downregulated in Osx-null calvaria. Overexpression of Osx in stable C2C12 mesenchymal cell line resulted in Sost upregulation. Transient transfection assay showed that Osx activated 1kb Sost promoter reporter activity in a dose-dependent manner. To define Sost promoter activated by Osx, we made a series of deletion mutants of Sost constructs, and narrowed down the minimal region to the proximal 260bp. Gel shift assay indicated that Osx bound to GC-rich site within this minimal region, and that point mutations of this binding site disrupted Osx binding. Moreover, the same point mutations in 260bp Sost promoter reporter disrupted the promoter activation by Osx, suggesting that the GC-rich binding site was responsible for Sost promoter activation by Osx. To further examine physical association of Osx with Sost promoter in vivo, Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays were performed using primary osteoblasts from mouse calvaria. Osx was found to associate with endogenous Sost promoter. Taken together, these findings support our hypothesis that Sost is a direct target of Osx. This provides a new additional mechanism through which Osx inhibits Wnt signaling during bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Bone Research Laboratory, Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, TX 75219, USA
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Fanburg-Smith JC, Auerbach A, Marwaha JS, Wang Z, Rushing EJ. Reappraisal of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma: novel morphologic observations of the hyaline cartilage and endochondral ossification and β-catenin, Sox9, and osteocalcin immunostaining of 22 cases. Hum Pathol 2010; 41:653-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2009.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2009] [Revised: 10/31/2009] [Accepted: 11/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Rabelo FDS, da Mota LMH, Lima RAC, Lima FAC, Barra GB, de Carvalho JF, Amato AA. The Wnt signaling pathway and rheumatoid arthritis. Autoimmun Rev 2010; 9:207-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2009.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2009] [Accepted: 08/02/2009] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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