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Rana S, Gupta SK. Subcutaneous cysticercosis of the scalp mimicking trichilemmal cyst: a rare case. Int J Dermatol 2024. [PMID: 38702907 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.17214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiwangi Rana
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Gorakhpur, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Gupta
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Gorakhpur, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
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2
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Gunasekaran PK, Ahuja C, Saini AG. Myocysticercosis: A Rare Presentation as Acute-onset Neck Stiffness in a Child. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2024:00006454-990000000-00817. [PMID: 38564753 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000004344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Arushi Gahlot Saini
- Department of Pediatrics Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh, India
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3
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Sharma S, Singh A, Mani VE, Mishra SC, Chaturvedi P, Jain S, Kumar S, Jain N. Racemose neurocysticercosis: a case series. BJR Case Rep 2024; 10:uaae001. [PMID: 38352260 PMCID: PMC10860505 DOI: 10.1093/bjrcr/uaae001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is a common parasitic condition of the central nervous system in certain parts of the world. The racemose variety of NCC is distinct from the commonly seen parenchymal form. It frequently infiltrates the basal cisterns and Sylvian fissures. Imaging plays a vital role in the diagnosis; however, as their signal intensity is similar to cerebrospinal fluid and due to the absence of enhancement in most cases, imaging diagnosis is often difficult on the conventional MRI sequences. Here, we present five cases of racemose NCC to emphasize the importance of a heavily T2-weighted sequence (Fast Imaging Employing Steady-state Acquisition) sequence in the diagnosing this entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srishti Sharma
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna 801507, India
| | - Anuradha Singh
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, SGPGIMS, Lucknow 226014, India
| | | | | | | | - Shweta Jain
- Department of Pathology, SGPGIMS, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of Radiology, Medanta Super Speciality Hospital, Lucknow 226030, India
| | - Neeraj Jain
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, SGPGIMS, Lucknow 226014, India
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4
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Jahanshahi A, Nami S, Hosein Pour Feizi AA, Alihosseini S, Jaberinezhad M, Abdollahi M, Rahimi F, Falahatian M. Muscular and hepatosplenic candidiasis in a patient with acute myeloblastic leukemia: A case report and literature review. Clin Case Rep 2023; 11:e7700. [PMID: 37476594 PMCID: PMC10354359 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.7700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Key Clinical Message Muscular and subcutaneous candidiasis is a rare entity in immunocompromised patients, but it should be kept in mind when we see multiple cystic soft tissue masses in addition to target-shaped hepatosplenic lesions in neutropenic patients. US and MRI are useful imaging modalities for the diagnosis and follow-up of these patients. Abstract Soft tissue candidiasis is an opportunistic infection in immunocompromised patients and must always be diagnosed and treated as soon as possible. In this case report, the patient is a 14-year-old boy with acute myeloid leukemia M3-type who presented with numerous soft tissue and hepatosplenic candidal abscesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirreza Jahanshahi
- Medical Radiation Sciences Research GroupTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Department of RadiologyTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Sanam Nami
- Department of Parasitology and MycologySchool of MedicineTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | | | - Samin Alihosseini
- Medical Radiation Sciences Research GroupTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Department of RadiologyTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | | | - Mirsaeed Abdollahi
- Cardiovascular Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Faezeh Rahimi
- Department of RadiologyZanjan University of Medical SciencesZanjanIran
| | - Masih Falahatian
- Medical Radiation Sciences Research GroupTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Department of RadiologyTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
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5
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Obafunwa JO, Reinhard K. Diagnosing neurocysticercosis in skeletonized human remains of forensic importance. J Forensic Leg Med 2023; 93:102471. [PMID: 36584500 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2022.102471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Neurocysticercosis is endemic in many parts of the underdeveloped and developing countries, with continuous presence in developed countries due to the influx of migrants from regions where the diseases are endemic. Neuroimaging, anatomic pathological techniques, immunodiagnostic tests, clinical examination and epidemiologic considerations will easily provide the diagnosis. However, physicians in developed countries are perhaps progressively missing the diagnosis, and need to re-acquaint themselves with the condition and acquire a high suspicion index. The authors present a medicolegal case where the forensic team made a conclusion of neurocysticercosis (among other diagnoses), following post mortem examination of a largely skeletonized and mummified human remains. Characteristic changes were observed in the calvarium of the decedent at autopsy. Review of the antemortem medical records revealed that Computed Tomography (CT) scan had 12 years earlier, suggested diagnostic features in a Hispanic migrant, but the attending surgeons failed to consider the possibility of the condition. Physicians should pay attention to suggestive clinical findings especially when attending to individuals coming from endemic parts of the world. Cysticercosis remains endemic and a misdiagnosis can potentially attract medical malpractice suits. Forensic pathologists should also consider the possibility of uncommon clinical disorders, even in skeletonized remains. Perhaps an earlier diagnosis might have altered the outcome in the decedent.
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Affiliation(s)
- J O Obafunwa
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, USA.
| | - K Reinhard
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, USA
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6
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Vásquez M, Saavedra LJ, García HH, Apaza A, Caucha Y, Medina JE, Heredia D, Romero F, Lines-Aguilar WW. Transventricular endoscopic approach to the anterior interhemispheric fissure for neurocysticercosis: illustrative cases. JOURNAL OF NEUROSURGERY. CASE LESSONS 2022; 4:CASE22218. [PMID: 36317234 PMCID: PMC9624157 DOI: 10.3171/case22218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is a global public health problem. It is a complex disease to manage and a cause of great morbidity and mortality in affected patients. Conventional surgical approaches have been used for many years, but currently, minimally invasive approaches are being used with good results. The authors present a case of NCC in the anterior interhemispheric fissure that was treated with a transventricular endoscopic approach. OBSERVATIONS A 32-year-old male patient was admitted for persistent moderate headache and dizziness. Gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed multiple parenchymal, ventricular, and subarachnoid cystic lesions, especially in the anterior interhemispheric space. A transventricular endoscopic approach was selected and applied. There were no complications during surgery. Pathological analysis confirmed the diagnosis of NCC. Control MRI demonstrated the absence of cysts in the anterior interhemispheric space. LESSONS Minimally invasive approaches are an excellent alternative for patients with NCC, especially if a patient requires more than one surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hector H. García
- Cysticercosis Unit, National Institute of Neurological Sciences, Lima, Perú
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7
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Babu GR, Mahalingam S, Naik Y, Gara M, Ramamoorthy T. Myocutaneous cysticercosis - A hidden worm caught by an ultrasound. Turk J Emerg Med 2022; 22:156-158. [PMID: 35936948 PMCID: PMC9355076 DOI: 10.4103/2452-2473.348435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysticercosis is one of the common parasitic infections that can affect many sites in the human body, though often seen in the brain and the eyes. Myocutaneous form of cysticercosis is often rare since most of them are asymptomatic and often go unnoticed. They often present to the emergency department due to pain over the lesion or central nervous manifestations. Here, we report a case of subcutaneous swelling, initially thought of as lipoma/abscess, later diagnosed as cysticercosis with the ultrasound. Myocutaneous cysticercosis can mimic various conditions such as lipoma, abscess, epidermoid cyst, ganglion, tuberculous lymphadenitis, pyomyositis, or fat necrosis. Hence, differentiating this from others in the clinical setting is essential because treatment modality is different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guguloth Ramesh Babu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Sasikumar Mahalingam
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Yogesh Naik
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Mounika Gara
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Thirumoorthy Ramamoorthy
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
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8
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Diagnosis and management of cerebral sparganosis: An uncommon parasitic infection of the brain. Radiol Case Rep 2022; 17:1874-1880. [PMID: 35401890 PMCID: PMC8990059 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2022.02.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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9
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Mangal V, Yadav N, Sitaula R, Menon A. Isolated myocysticercosis of leg masquerading as deep vein thrombosis. SAUDI JOURNAL OF MEDICINE AND MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 10:283-284. [PMID: 36247052 PMCID: PMC9555049 DOI: 10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_597_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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10
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Salim S, Alam MS, Backiavathy V, Raichura ND, Mukherjee B. Orbital cysticercosis: clinical features and management outcomes. Orbit 2021; 40:400-406. [PMID: 33107374 DOI: 10.1080/01676830.2020.1833942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
AIM To describe the clinical and radiological features of orbital cysticercosis and its management outcome. MATERIAL AND METHOD A retrospective analysis of consecutive cases of orbital cysticercosis between January 2008 and January 2018. The management outcome was classified into good, fair, and poor depending upon the resolution of the clinical features and status of the cyst and scolex in the imaging studies. RESULTS A total of 61 patients with a mean age of 24.33± 31.04 years were included. The male: female ratio was 1.9:1. Pain, with or without prominence of the eye was the most common presenting symptom (n = 35, 57.4%). The mean duration of symptoms was 3.65 +/-8.56 months. Ocular motility restriction was the most common sign (n = 52, 85.2%). Fifty-five (90.16%) patients had myocysticercosis with inferior rectus being most commonly involved (n = 17, 27.9%), while 6 (9.83%) cases had orbital cysticercosis without any ocular muscle involvement. Four patients had compressive optic neuropathy. Subjectively, good clinical outcome was documented in 37 (60.65%), fair in 17 (27.87%) and poor in 7 (11.47%) patients. Objectively, imaging studies showed complete resolution of the cysticercosis lesion in 18 (45%), partial in 19 (47.5%), and no change in 3 (7.5%) patients. CONCLUSION A high index of suspicion and a thorough knowledge of the clinical and radiological features are necessary for the proper diagnosis and management of orbital cysticercosis. Medical management with oral albendazole combined with oral steroids leads to desired outcome in the majority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shebin Salim
- Orbit, Oculoplasty, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Services, Sankara Nethralaya, Medical Research Foundation, Chennai, India
| | - Md Shahid Alam
- Orbit, Oculoplasty, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Services, Aditya Birla Sankara Nethralaya, Kolkata, India
- A Unit of Medical Research Foundation, Chennai, India
| | - Varsha Backiavathy
- Orbit, Oculoplasty, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Services, Sankara Nethralaya, Medical Research Foundation, Chennai, India
| | - Nirav Dilip Raichura
- Orbit, Oculoplasty, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Services, Sankara Nethralaya, Medical Research Foundation, Chennai, India
| | - Bipasha Mukherjee
- Orbit, Oculoplasty, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Services, Sankara Nethralaya, Medical Research Foundation, Chennai, India
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11
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Pujari A, Bhaskaran K, Modaboyina S, Das D, Saluja G, Samdani A, Singh P, Bajaj MS, Sharma N. Cysticercosis in ophthalmology. Surv Ophthalmol 2021; 67:544-569. [PMID: 34339720 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cysticercosis is caused by Taenia solium, a cestode or tapeworm that preferentially affects the subcutaneous tissue, brain, muscle, and the eye. It is traditionally a disease of low socioeconomic regions, but large-scale population migration has made it a matter of global concern. Its ocular invasion is a potentially blinding disease. In the last two decades, there has been considerable discussion of cysticercosis; however, most comes from a limited number of case observations. Thus, to overcome this limitation, we summarize and analyse twenty years of medical literature (from 2000 to 2020) on cysticercosis in ophthalmology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amar Pujari
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, RPC-1, AIIMS, New Delhi, India.
| | - Karthika Bhaskaran
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, RPC-1, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Sujeeth Modaboyina
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, RPC-1, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepshekhar Das
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, RPC-1, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Gunjan Saluja
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, RPC-1, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Asha Samdani
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, RPC-1, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Pallavi Singh
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, RPC-1, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Mandeep S Bajaj
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, RPC-1, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Namrata Sharma
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, RPC-1, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
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12
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Anand M, Sahi PK. Isolated Myocysticercosis of Anterior Chest Wall. Indian J Pediatr 2021; 88:172-173. [PMID: 32557141 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-020-03407-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mugdha Anand
- Department of Pediatrics, Maulana Azad Medical College and associated Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Puneet Kaur Sahi
- Department of Pediatrics, Maulana Azad Medical College and associated Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India.
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13
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El-Kady AM, Allemailem KS, Almatroudi A, Abler B, Elsayed M. Psychiatric Disorders of Neurocysticercosis: Narrative Review. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2021; 17:1599-1610. [PMID: 34079258 PMCID: PMC8164720 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s306585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurocysticercosis, the most common type of neuroparasitosis, is a condition in which the central nervous system (CNS) is infested with the pork tapeworm Taenia solium cysticercosis' larvae. Neurocysticercosis is the most widespread parasitic CNS disease worldwide, affecting more than 50 million individuals. As neurocysticercosis is prevalent in developing countries, the growing number of migrants and travelers increases prevalence in developed countries. Possible neuropsychiatric manifestations are depression, cognitive dysfunction, dementia, and visual hallucinations. Depending on the cysts' location in the CNS, focal neurology or psychiatric symptoms manifest. The diagnosis of neurocysticercosis is based on neuroimaging and serology. The correlation between specific symptoms and the cyst's location might help better understand psychiatric disorders' pathophysiology. Nonetheless, the exact prevalence of neurocysticercosis is seldom reported in patients with psychiatric disorders, which may be due to the lack of imaging availability in developing countries with a high prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa M El-Kady
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Khaled S Allemailem
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Birgit Abler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy III, University of Ulm, Ulm, 89075, Germany
| | - Mohamed Elsayed
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy III, University of Ulm, Ulm, 89075, Germany
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14
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Landzberg DR, Dhir A, Jillella DV. Radiographic Improvement of Larval Cysts in Neurocysticercosis. Ann Neurol 2020; 89:416-417. [PMID: 33051897 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David R Landzberg
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine/Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Anuj Dhir
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine/Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Dinesh V Jillella
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine/Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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15
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Garcia HH, Gonzalez AE, Gilman RH. Taenia solium Cysticercosis and Its Impact in Neurological Disease. Clin Microbiol Rev 2020; 33:e00085-19. [PMID: 32461308 PMCID: PMC7254859 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00085-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Taenia solium neurocysticercosis (NCC) is endemic in most of the world and contributes significantly to the burden of epilepsy and other neurological morbidity. Also present in developed countries because of immigration and travel, NCC is one of few diseases targeted for eradication. This paper reviews all aspects of its life cycle (taeniasis, porcine cysticercosis, human cysticercosis), with a focus on recent advances in its diagnosis, management, and control. Diagnosis of taeniasis is limited by poor availability of immunological or molecular assays. Diagnosis of NCC rests on neuroimaging findings, supported by serological assays. The treatment of NCC should be approached in the context of the particular type of infection (intra- or extraparenchymal; number, location, and stage of lesions) and has evolved toward combined symptomatic and antiparasitic management, with particular attention to modulating inflammation. Research on NCC and particularly the use of recently available genome data and animal models of infection should help to elucidate mechanisms of brain inflammation, damage, and epileptogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector H Garcia
- Center for Global Health, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Cysticercosis Unit, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurológicas, Lima, Peru
| | - Armando E Gonzalez
- Center for Global Health, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Robert H Gilman
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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16
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Fiorentini LF, Bergo P, Meirelles GSP, Capobianco J, Mohammed TL, Verma N, Marchiori E, Irion KL, Hochhegger B. Pictorial Review of Thoracic Parasitic Diseases: A Radiologic Guide. Chest 2020; 157:1100-1113. [PMID: 31978430 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2019.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Parasitoses are infectious diseases of global distribution, with predominance in areas of poor sanitation. Parasites cause damage through direct tissue injury and the inflammatory response generated by their migration and establishment in various organs. Thoracic involvement by parasitic disease can generate both specific and nonspecific clinical, laboratorial, and radiologic manifestations, which often makes their diagnosis challenging. The correct diagnosis is crucial for definition of treatment, which sometimes requires rapid intervention. Based on a literature review of the last few decades, this article aimed to characterize the main radiologic findings related to thoracic manifestations of parasitic diseases, correlating them with radiographic and tomographic images of patients with confirmed diagnosis of such pathologies. The included parasitic diseases are malaria, Chagas disease, toxoplasmosis, amoebiasis, ascariasis, toxocariasis, strongyloidiasis, dirofilariasis, cysticercosis, echinococcosis, schistosomiasis, and paragonimiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís F Fiorentini
- Department of Imaging, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Pedro Bergo
- School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Nupur Verma
- Department of Radiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Edson Marchiori
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Klaus L Irion
- Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Bruno Hochhegger
- Department of Imaging, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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17
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Lovejoy JF, Alexander K, Dinan D, Drehner D, Khan-Assad N, Lacerda IRA. Team Approach: Pyomyositis. JBJS Rev 2019; 5:e4. [PMID: 28654470 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.rvw.16.00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John F Lovejoy
- Departments of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine (J.F.L. III), Medical Imaging/Radiology (D. Dinan), Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (D. Drehner), and Pediatric Emergency Medicine (N.K.-A.), Nemours Children's Hospital, Orlando, Florida
| | - Kenneth Alexander
- Divisions of Allergy, Immunology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, Florida
| | - David Dinan
- Departments of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine (J.F.L. III), Medical Imaging/Radiology (D. Dinan), Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (D. Drehner), and Pediatric Emergency Medicine (N.K.-A.), Nemours Children's Hospital, Orlando, Florida
| | - Dennis Drehner
- Departments of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine (J.F.L. III), Medical Imaging/Radiology (D. Dinan), Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (D. Drehner), and Pediatric Emergency Medicine (N.K.-A.), Nemours Children's Hospital, Orlando, Florida
| | - Nazeema Khan-Assad
- Departments of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine (J.F.L. III), Medical Imaging/Radiology (D. Dinan), Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (D. Drehner), and Pediatric Emergency Medicine (N.K.-A.), Nemours Children's Hospital, Orlando, Florida
| | - Iara R A Lacerda
- Sarah Network of Rehabilitation Hospitals, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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18
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Fungal and Parasitic Infections. Clin Neuroradiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-68536-6_47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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Fungal and Parasitic Infections. Clin Neuroradiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-61423-6_47-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Freddi T, de Godoy LL, Goncalves FG, Alves CA, Hanagandi P. Fungal and Parasitic Infections. Clin Neuroradiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-61423-6_47-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Creze M, Boussebaa S, Glatard AS, Cluzel G, Bellin MF. Muscular calcified cysticercosis. Joint Bone Spine 2018; 85:121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2017.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Rudie JD, Rauschecker AM, Nabavizadeh SA, Mohan S. Neuroimaging of Dilated Perivascular Spaces: From Benign and Pathologic Causes to Mimics. J Neuroimaging 2017; 28:139-149. [PMID: 29280227 DOI: 10.1111/jon.12493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Perivascular spaces (PVSs), also known as Virchow-Robin spaces, are pial-lined, fluid-filled structures found in characteristic locations throughout the brain. They can become abnormally enlarged or dilated and in rare cases can cause hydrocephalus. Dilated PVSs can pose a diagnostic dilemma for radiologists because of their varied appearance, sometimes mimicking more serious entities such as cystic neoplasms, including dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor and multinodular and vacuolating neuronal tumor, or cystic infections including toxoplasmosis and neurocysticercosis. In addition, various pathologic processes, including cryptococcosis and chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids, can spread into the brain via PVSs, resulting in characteristic magnetic resonance imaging appearances. This review aims to describe the key imaging characteristics of normal and dilated PVSs, as well as cystic mimics and pathologic processes that directly involve PVSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D Rudie
- Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Andreas M Rauschecker
- Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Seyed A Nabavizadeh
- Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Suyash Mohan
- Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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Schmerzen an Sprunggelenk und Vorfuß. Radiologe 2017; 57:748-751. [DOI: 10.1007/s00117-017-0272-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Thamilselvan P, Muthuraman KR, Thasan SA, Kasinathan G, Mandal J, Parija SC. A Stratified Analysis of Clinical Manifestations and Different Diagnostic Methods of Neurocysticercosis-Suspected Tamilian Population Residing in and Around Puducherry. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:DC10-DC15. [PMID: 28658758 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/23711.9844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human beings are accidental hosts for Cysticercus cellulosae showing varied clinical manifestations based on the site harbored by the parasitic cyst because of which disease profile remains unexplored at large. Besides this, diagnosis of the disease with a single conventional method is problematic due to lack of specificity and sensitivity. AIM To assess the varied clinical manifestations and stratify based on imaging and serological methods for diagnosis of Neurocysticercosis (NCC) in our study population. MATERIALS AND METHODS A hospital-based study was carried out at Jawaharlal Institute of Post-Graduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), the tertiary care centre caters patients from Puducherry and surrounding regions of Tamil Nadu. This is a cross-sectional analysis of clinically and radiologically suspected cases of NCC (n=119) for a period of three years (2012 to 2015). The collection of detailed clinical history and imaging findings (MRI or CT) along with the lifestyle parameters was done after obtaining informed consent. Enzyme-Linked Immune-Electro Transfer Blot (EITB) was carried out for the samples collected from study subjects. RESULTS Based on dietary and environmental factors non-vegetarians, pork eaters, raw vegetable consumers and open-field defecation showed significant seropositivity. The clinical manifestations like seizures, blurring of vision and chronic headache with nausea followed by neck pain, cognitive deficits and movement disorder have higher seropositivity respectively. Generalized seizures were found to be more than focal seizures. While comparing the imaging and serological tests for NCC diagnosis, the positivity rate was 46.2% considering positive by both methods; but 18.5% of sero-positive cases were imaging negative, and 16% of the sero-negative cases were imaging positive. The study showed a predominance of multiple cysts (62%) in cases with cystic lesions. CONCLUSION This study is first of its kind in associating varied and less commonly explored clinical manifestations with two different diagnostic measures in practice and its importance among our study settings. These manifestations must be considered as strong disease entities of NCC, which has to be suggested for differential diagnosis, and cannot be left ignored. Combinatorial diagnostic methods like serology and imaging techniques should be followed in diagnosis and assessing the disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jharna Mandal
- Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, JIPMER, Puducherry, India
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Naren Satya SM, Mayilvaganan KR, Amogh VN, Balakrishna BV, Gautam MS, Prathyusha IS. A Classic Case of Subcutaneous Cysticercosis: A Rare Case with Sonological Findings and Review of Literature. Pol J Radiol 2016; 81:478-482. [PMID: 27781073 PMCID: PMC5056536 DOI: 10.12659/pjr.898408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cysticercosis is a parasitic infection caused by the larval stages of the pork tapeworm, Taenia solium. The subcutaneous form of the disease is a relatively rare clinical entity. Despite its rarity, it is imperative for a radiologist to be aware of this subcutaneous form of the disease and its various radiological patterns while evaluating any subcutaneous swelling. In this paper, we aimed to describe a typical case of ‘subcutaneous cysticercosis involving the left anterior chest wall’ with high resolution ultrasound findings. We also discussed the role of other imaging modalities in a case of subcutaneous cysticercosis. To the best of our knowledge, our case is only the second documented case report of sonological evaluation of subcutaneous cysticercosis involving the left anterior chest wall and the first case with high resolution ultrasound images of the lesion. Case Report An 11-year-old male presented with a painless, subcutaneous swelling over the left anterior chest wall for the last 2 months. High resolution ultrasound showed a well-defined, thin-walled, cystic lesion with an eccentric, echogenic focus in the subcutaneous plane. On change of the posture of the patient, this focus showed mobility. The hypoechoic area surrounding this cyst showed significant exudative fluid collection with diffuse, floating echoes and thin, incomplete internal septations. The adjacent soft tissues were thickened and irregular, suggestive of edema. This was followed by an excision biopsy. Histopathological examination revealed cysticercus cellulose parasite with an extensive mixed inflammatory cell infiltrate in the surrounding tissue. The patient was also administered oral antihelminthic therapy. Repeat ultrasound examination at the end of this management regimen showed complete healing with no e/o any remnant or recurrent cystic lesion, abscess or edema in the subcutaneous plane. Conclusions Subcutaneous cysticercosis is a relatively rare form of cysticercosis but should always be born in mind during the evaluation of subcutaneous swellings. High resolution ultrasound is a valuable, safe, nonionizing, cost-effective, widely-available, and easily-reproducible imaging tool for diagnosis of subcutaneous cysticercosis. There is a wide spectrum of ultrasound patterns of subcutaneous cysticercosis. In classic cases with a cyst containing a scolex within and with a surrounding abscess, high resolution ultrasound should always be the primary mode of diagnosis, thus avoiding unnecessary fine needle aspiration cytologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas M Naren Satya
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, MV Jayaram Medical College and Research Hospital, Bangalore Rural, India
| | | | - V N Amogh
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, MV Jayaram Medical College and Research Hospital, Bangalore Rural, India
| | - B V Balakrishna
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, MV Jayaram Medical College and Research Hospital, Bangalore Rural, India
| | | | - Ivvala Sai Prathyusha
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rajarajeswari Medical College and Hospital, Bengaluru, India
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