1
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Greschner AA, Brahiti N, Auger M, Hu L, Soleymani Abyaneh H, Barbeau X, Parent V, Gaillet B, Guay D, Soultan AH, Gauthier MA. PEGylation of a Peptide-Based Amphiphilic Delivery Agent and Influence on Protein Delivery to Cells. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:4890-4900. [PMID: 37862236 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
The cell membrane is a restrictive biological barrier, especially for large, charged molecules, such as proteins. The use of cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) can facilitate the delivery of proteins, protein complexes, and peptides across the membrane by a variety of mechanisms that are all limited by endosomal sequestration. To improve CPP-mediated delivery, we previously reported the rapid and effective cytosolic delivery of proteins in vitro and in vivo by their coadministration with the peptide S10, which combines a CPP and an endosomal leakage domain. Amphiphilic peptides with hydrophobic properties, such as S10, can interact with lipids to destabilize the cell membrane, thus promoting cargo internalization or escape from endosomal entrapment. However, acute membrane destabilization can result in a dose-limiting cytotoxicity. In this context, the partial or transient deactivation of S10 by modification with methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG; i.e., PEGylation) may provide the means to alter membrane destabilization kinetics, thereby attenuating the impact of acute permeabilization on cell viability. This study investigates the influence of PEGylation parameters (molecular weight, architecture, and conjugation chemistry) on the delivery efficiency of a green fluorescent protein tagged with a nuclear localization signal (GFP-NLS) and cytotoxicity on cells in vitro. Results suggest that PEGylation mostly interferes with adsorption and secondary structure formation of S10 at the cell membrane, and this effect is exacerbated by the mPEG molecular weight. This effect can be compensated for by increasing the concentration of conjugates prepared with lower molecular weight mPEG (5 to ∼20 kDa) but not for conjugates prepared with higher molecular weight mPEG (40 kDa). For conjugates prepared with moderate-to-high molecular weight mPEG (10 to 20 kDa), partial compensation of inactivation could be achieved by the inclusion of a reducible disulfide bond, which provides a mechanism to liberate the S10 from the polymer. Grafting multiple copies of S10 to a high-molecular-weight multiarmed PEG (40 kDa) improved GFP-NLS delivery efficiency. However, these constructs were more cytotoxic than the native peptide. Considering that PEGylation could be harnessed for altering the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution profiles of peptide-based delivery agents in vivo, the trends observed herein provide new perspectives on how to manipulate the membrane permeabilization process, which is an important variable for achieving delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea A Greschner
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS),EMT Research Center, 1650 boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, QC J3X 1P7, Canada
| | - Nadine Brahiti
- Feldan Therapeutics, 2666 boulevard du Parc Technologique Suite 290, Québec QC G1P 4S6, Canada
| | - Maud Auger
- Feldan Therapeutics, 2666 boulevard du Parc Technologique Suite 290, Québec QC G1P 4S6, Canada
- Département de génie chimique Université Laval, Room #3570, 1065 avenue de la Médecine, Pavillon Adrien-Pouliot, Québec QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Lei Hu
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS),EMT Research Center, 1650 boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, QC J3X 1P7, Canada
| | - Hoda Soleymani Abyaneh
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS),EMT Research Center, 1650 boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, QC J3X 1P7, Canada
| | - Xavier Barbeau
- Feldan Therapeutics, 2666 boulevard du Parc Technologique Suite 290, Québec QC G1P 4S6, Canada
| | - Victor Parent
- Feldan Therapeutics, 2666 boulevard du Parc Technologique Suite 290, Québec QC G1P 4S6, Canada
| | - Bruno Gaillet
- Département de génie chimique Université Laval, Room #3570, 1065 avenue de la Médecine, Pavillon Adrien-Pouliot, Québec QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - David Guay
- Feldan Therapeutics, 2666 boulevard du Parc Technologique Suite 290, Québec QC G1P 4S6, Canada
- Département de génie chimique Université Laval, Room #3570, 1065 avenue de la Médecine, Pavillon Adrien-Pouliot, Québec QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Al-Halifa Soultan
- Feldan Therapeutics, 2666 boulevard du Parc Technologique Suite 290, Québec QC G1P 4S6, Canada
| | - Marc A Gauthier
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS),EMT Research Center, 1650 boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, QC J3X 1P7, Canada
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2
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Kumar S, Riisom M, Jamieson SMF, Kavianinia I, Harris PWR, Metzler-Nolte N, Brimble MA, Hartinger CG. On-Resin Conjugation of the Ruthenium Anticancer Agent Plecstatin-1 to Peptide Vectors. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:14310-14317. [PMID: 37611203 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Ruthenium piano-stool complexes have been explored for their anticancer activity and some promising compounds have been reported. Herein, we conjugated a derivative of plecstatin-1 to peptides in order to increase their cancer cell targeting ability. For this purpose, plecstatin-1 was modified at the arene ligand to introduce a functional amine handle (3), which resulted in a compound that showed similar activity in an in vitro anticancer activity assay. The cell-penetrating peptide TAT48-60, tumor-targeting neurotensin8-13, and plectin-targeting peptide were functionalized with succinyl or β-Ala-succinyl linkers under standard solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) conditions to spatially separate the peptide backbones from the bioactive metal complexes. These modifications allowed for conjugating precursor 3 to the peptides on resin yielding the desired metal-peptide conjugates (MPCs), as confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), NMR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry (MS). The MPCs were studied for their behavior in aqueous solution and under acidic conditions and resembled that of the parent compound plecstatin-1. In in vitro anticancer activity studies in a small panel of cancer cell lines, the TAT-based MPCs showed the highest activity, while the other MPCs were virtually inactive. However, the MPCs were significantly less active than the small molecules plecstatin-1 and 3, which can be explained by the reduced cell uptake as determined by inductively coupled plasma MS (ICP-MS). Although the MPCs did not display potent anticancer activities, the developed conjugation strategy can be extended toward other metal complexes, which may be able to utilize the targeting properties of peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saawan Kumar
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Mie Riisom
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Stephen M F Jamieson
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Iman Kavianinia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Paul W R Harris
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Nils Metzler-Nolte
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum 44801, Germany
| | - Margaret A Brimble
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Christian G Hartinger
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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3
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Asrorov AM, Wang H, Zhang M, Wang Y, He Y, Sharipov M, Yili A, Huang Y. Cell penetrating peptides: Highlighting points in cancer therapy. Drug Dev Res 2023; 84:1037-1071. [PMID: 37195405 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), first identified in HIV a few decades ago, deserved great attention in the last two decades; especially to support the penetration of anticancer drug means. In the drug delivery discipline, they have been involved in various approaches from mixing with hydrophobic drugs to the use of genetically conjugated proteins. The early classification as cationic and amphipathic CPPs has been extended to a few more classes such as hydrophobic and cyclic CPPs so far. Developing potential sequences utilized almost all methods of modern science: choosing high-efficiency peptides from natural protein sequences, sequence-based comparison, amino acid substitution, obtaining chemical and/or genetic conjugations, in silico approaches, in vitro analysis, animal experiments, etc. The bottleneck effect in this discipline reveals the complications that modern science faces in drug delivery research. Most CPP-based drug delivery systems (DDSs) efficiently inhibited tumor volume and weight in mice, but only in rare cases reduced their levels and continued further processes. The integration of chemical synthesis into the development of CPPs made a significant contribution and even reached the clinical stage as a diagnostic tool. But constrained efforts still face serious problems in overcoming biobarriers to reach further achievements. In this work, we reviewed the roles of CPPs in anticancer drug delivery, focusing on their amino acid composition and sequences. As the most suitable point, we relied on significant changes in tumor volume in mice resulting from CPPs. We provide a review of individual CPPs and/or their derivatives in a separate subsection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akmal M Asrorov
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, AS of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
- Department of Natural Substances Chemistry, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Huiyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yonghui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang He
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Mirkomil Sharipov
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, AS of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Abulimiti Yili
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zone, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yongzhuo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Institutes of Drug Discovery and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients, Shanghai, China
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4
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Bangera PD, Kara DD, Tanvi K, Tippavajhala VK, Rathnanand M. Highlights on Cell-Penetrating Peptides and Polymer-Lipid Hybrid Nanoparticle: Overview and Therapeutic Applications for Targeted Anticancer Therapy. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:124. [PMID: 37225901 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02576-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymer-lipid hybrid nanoparticles (PLHNs) have been widely used as a vehicle for carrying anticancer owing to its unique framework of polymer and lipid combining and giving the maximum advantages over the lipid and polymer nanoparticle drug delivery system. Surface modification of PLHNs aids in improved targeting and active delivery of the encapsulated drug. Therefore, surface modification of the PLHNs with the cell-penetrating peptide is explored by many researchers and is explained in this review. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are made up of few amino acid sequence and act by disrupting the cell membrane and transferring the cargos into the cell. Ideally, we can say that CPPs are peptide chains which are cell specific and are biocompatible, noninvasive type of delivery vehicle which can transport siRNA, protein, peptides, macromolecules, pDNA, etc. into the cell effectively. Therefore, this review focuses on the structure, type, and method of preparation of PLHNs also about the uptake mechanism of CPPs and concludes with the therapeutic application of PLHNs surface modified with the CPPs and their theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragathi Devanand Bangera
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Divya Dhatri Kara
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Katikala Tanvi
- Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Vamshi Krishna Tippavajhala
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India.
| | - Mahalaxmi Rathnanand
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India.
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5
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Melo MN. Coarse-Grain Simulations of Membrane-Adsorbed Helical Peptides. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2405:137-150. [PMID: 35298812 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1855-4_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The amphipathic α-helix is a common motif for peptide adsorption to membranes. Many physiologically relevant events involving membrane-adsorbed peptides occur over time and size scales readily accessible to coarse-grain molecular dynamics simulations. This methodological suitability, however, comes with a number of pitfalls. Here, I exemplify a multi-step adsorption equilibration procedure on the antimicrobial peptide Magainin 2. It involves careful control of peptide freedom to promote optimal membrane adsorption before other interactions are allowed. This shortens preparation times prior to production simulations while avoiding divergence into unrealistic or artifactual configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel N Melo
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal.
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6
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Klabenkova K, Fokina A, Stetsenko D. Chemistry of Peptide-Oligonucleotide Conjugates: A Review. Molecules 2021; 26:5420. [PMID: 34500849 PMCID: PMC8434111 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptide-oligonucleotide conjugates (POCs) represent one of the increasingly successful albeit costly approaches to increasing the cellular uptake, tissue delivery, bioavailability, and, thus, overall efficiency of therapeutic nucleic acids, such as, antisense oligonucleotides and small interfering RNAs. This review puts the subject of chemical synthesis of POCs into the wider context of therapeutic oligonucleotides and the problem of nucleic acid drug delivery, cell-penetrating peptide structural types, the mechanisms of their intracellular transport, and the ways of application, which include the formation of non-covalent complexes with oligonucleotides (peptide additives) or covalent conjugation. The main strategies for the synthesis of POCs are viewed in detail, which are conceptually divided into (a) the stepwise solid-phase synthesis approach and (b) post-synthetic conjugation either in solution or on the solid phase, especially by means of various click chemistries. The relative advantages and disadvantages of both strategies are discussed and compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Klabenkova
- Faculty of Physics, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (K.K.); (D.S.)
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alesya Fokina
- Faculty of Physics, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (K.K.); (D.S.)
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Dmitry Stetsenko
- Faculty of Physics, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (K.K.); (D.S.)
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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7
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Shoari A, Tooyserkani R, Tahmasebi M, Löwik DWPM. Delivery of Various Cargos into Cancer Cells and Tissues via Cell-Penetrating Peptides: A Review of the Last Decade. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1391. [PMID: 34575464 PMCID: PMC8470549 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), also known as protein transduction domains, are a class of diverse amino acid sequences with the ability to cross cellular membranes. CPPs can deliver several bioactive cargos, including proteins, peptides, nucleic acids and chemotherapeutics, into cells. Ever since their discovery, synthetic and natural CPPs have been utilized in therapeutics delivery, gene editing and cell imaging in fundamental research and clinical experiments. Over the years, CPPs have gained significant attention due to their low cytotoxicity and high transduction efficacy. In the last decade, multiple investigations demonstrated the potential of CPPs as carriers for the delivery of therapeutics to treat various types of cancer. Besides their remarkable efficacy owing to fast and efficient delivery, a crucial benefit of CPP-based cancer treatments is delivering anticancer agents selectively, rather than mediating toxicities toward normal tissues. To obtain a higher therapeutic index and to improve cell and tissue selectivity, CPP-cargo constructions can also be complexed with other agents such as nanocarriers and liposomes to obtain encouraging outcomes. This review summarizes various types of CPPs conjugated to anticancer cargos. Furthermore, we present a brief history of CPP utilization as delivery systems for anticancer agents in the last decade and evaluate several reports on the applications of CPPs in basic research and preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Shoari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-111, Iran; (A.S.); (R.T.); (M.T.)
- Bio-Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Raheleh Tooyserkani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-111, Iran; (A.S.); (R.T.); (M.T.)
- Bio-Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mehdi Tahmasebi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-111, Iran; (A.S.); (R.T.); (M.T.)
| | - Dennis W. P. M. Löwik
- Bio-Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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8
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Sajid MI, Moazzam M, Stueber R, Park SE, Cho Y, Malik NUA, Tiwari RK. Applications of amphipathic and cationic cyclic cell-penetrating peptides: Significant therapeutic delivery tool. Peptides 2021; 141:170542. [PMID: 33794283 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A new class of peptides, cyclic cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), has great potential for delivering a vast variety of therapeutics intracellularly for treating diverse ailments. CPPs have been used previously; however, their further use is limited due to instability, toxicity, endosomal degradation, and insufficient cellular penetration. Cyclic CPPs are being investigated in delivering therapeutics to treat various ailments, including multi-drug resistant microbial infections, HIV, and cancer. They can act as a carrier for a variety of cargos and target intracellularly. Approximately 40 cyclic peptides-based therapeutics are available in the market, and annually one cyclic peptide-based drug enters the market. Numerous research and review articles have been published in the last decade about linear and cyclic peptides separately. This review is the first to provide a comprehensive deliberation about cationic and amphipathic cyclic CPPs. Herein, we highlights their structures, significant advantages, translocation mechanisms, and delivery application in the area of biomedical sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran Sajid
- Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Moazzam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ryan Stueber
- Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA
| | - Shang Eun Park
- Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA
| | - Yeseom Cho
- Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA
| | - Noor Ul Ain Malik
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Rakesh K Tiwari
- Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA.
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9
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Converting peptides into drugs targeting intracellular protein-protein interactions. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:1521-1531. [PMID: 33524603 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Peptides are gaining increasing attention as therapeutics to target intracellular protein-protein interactions that are involved in disease progression. In this review, we discuss how peptides that are able to bind and inhibit a therapeutic target can be translated into drug leads. We discuss the advantages of using peptides as therapeutics to target intracellular protein-protein interactions, chemical strategies to generate macrocyclic peptides that are resistant to proteolytic enzymes, high-throughput screening approaches to identify peptides that have high affinity for therapeutic targets, strategies that permit these peptides to cross cell membranes and so reach intracellular targets, and the importance of investigating their mode-of-action in guiding the development of novel therapeutics.
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10
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Tooyserkani R, Lipiński W, Willemsen B, Löwik DWPM. Activation of cell-penetrating peptide fragments by disulfide formation. Amino Acids 2020; 52:1161-1168. [PMID: 32737661 PMCID: PMC7497323 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-020-02880-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Three cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), Tat, Pep-3 and penetratin, were split into two parts and each fragment was terminated with a cysteine residue, to allow disulfide bridge formation, as well as a fluorescent label, for visualization and quantitative analysis. After disulfide formation between two complementary CPP fragments, cellular uptake of the resulting conjugates was observed. As confirmed by in vitro experiments, the conjugated peptides showed uptake activity comparable to the native CPP sequences, while the truncated peptides were hardly active. Until now, this split CPP strategy has only been demonstrated for oligo-arginine CPPs, but here we demonstrate that it is also applicable to other cell-penetrating peptides. This wider applicability may help in the design of new activatable cell-penetrating peptides for, e.g., targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raheleh Tooyserkani
- Radboud University Nijmegen, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Bio-Organic Chemistry, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wojciech Lipiński
- Radboud University Nijmegen, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Bio-Organic Chemistry, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bob Willemsen
- Radboud University Nijmegen, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Bio-Organic Chemistry, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis W P M Löwik
- Radboud University Nijmegen, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Bio-Organic Chemistry, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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11
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Lee MW, de Anda J, Kroll C, Bieniossek C, Bradley K, Amrein KE, Wong GCL. How do cyclic antibiotics with activity against Gram-negative bacteria permeate membranes? A machine learning informed experimental study. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183302. [PMID: 32311341 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
All antibiotics have to engage bacterial amphiphilic barriers such as the lipopolysaccharide-rich outer membrane or the phospholipid-based inner membrane in some manner, either by disrupting them outright and/or permeating them and thereby allow the antibiotic to get into bacteria. There is a growing class of cyclic antibiotics, many of which are of bacterial origin, that exhibit activity against Gram-negative bacteria, which constitute an urgent problem in human health. We examine a diverse collection of these cyclic antibiotics, both natural and synthetic, which include bactenecin, polymyxin B, octapeptin, capreomycin, and Kirshenbaum peptoids, in order to identify what they have in common when they interact with bacterial lipid membranes. We find that they virtually all have the ability to induce negative Gaussian curvature (NGC) in bacterial membranes, the type of curvature geometrically required for permeation mechanisms such as pore formation, blebbing, and budding. This is interesting since permeation of membranes is a function usually ascribed to antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) from innate immunity. As prototypical test cases of cyclic antibiotics, we analyzed amino acid sequences of bactenecin, polymyxin B, and capreomycin using our recently developed machine-learning classifier trained on α-helical AMP sequences. Although the original classifier was not trained on cyclic antibiotics, a modified classifier approach correctly predicted that bactenecin and polymyxin B have the ability to induce NGC in membranes, while capreomycin does not. Moreover, the classifier was able to recapitulate empirical structure-activity relationships from alanine scans in polymyxin B surprisingly well. These results suggest that there exists some common ground in the sequence design of hybrid cyclic antibiotics and linear AMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle W Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Jaime de Anda
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Carsten Kroll
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development Pharmaceutical Science, Roche, Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Bieniossek
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development Pharmaceutical Science, Roche, Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kenneth Bradley
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development Pharmaceutical Science, Roche, Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kurt E Amrein
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development Pharmaceutical Science, Roche, Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gerard C L Wong
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
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12
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Arif M, Ahmad S, Ali F, Fang G, Li M, Yu DJ. TargetCPP: accurate prediction of cell-penetrating peptides from optimized multi-scale features using gradient boost decision tree. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2020; 34:841-856. [PMID: 32180124 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-020-00307-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are short length permeable proteins have emerged as drugs delivery tool of therapeutic agents including genetic materials and macromolecules into cells. Recently, CPP has become a hotspot avenue for life science research and paved a new way of disease treatment without harmful impact on cell viability due to nontoxic characteristic. Therefore, the correct identification of CPPs will provide hints for medical applications. Considering the shortcomings of traditional experimental CPPs identification, it is urgently needed to design intelligent predictor for accurate identification of CPPs for the large scale uncharacterized sequences. We develop a novel computational method, called TargetCPP, to discriminate CPPs from Non-CPPs with improved accuracy. In TargetCPP, first the peptide sequences are formulated with four distinct encoding methods i.e., composite protein sequence representation, composition transition and distribution, split amino acid composition, and information theory features. These dominant feature vectors were fused and applied intelligent minimum redundancy and maximum relevancy feature selection method to choose an optimal subset of features. Finally, the predictive model is learned through different classification algorithms on the optimized features. Among these classifiers, gradient boost decision tree algorithm achieved excellent performance throughout the experiments. Notably, the TargetCPP tool attained high prediction Accuracy of 93.54% and 88.28% using jackknife and independent test, respectively. Empirical outcomes prove the superiority and potency of proposed bioinformatics method over state-of-the-art methods. It is highly anticipated that the outcomes of this study will provide a strong background for large scale prediction of CPPs and instructive guidance in clinical therapy and medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Arif
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Saeed Ahmad
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Farman Ali
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Ge Fang
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Min Li
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Dong-Jun Yu
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China.
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13
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Antibacterial Peptide Nucleic Acids-Facts and Perspectives. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25030559. [PMID: 32012929 PMCID: PMC7038079 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is an escalating, worldwide problem. Due to excessive use of antibiotics, multidrug-resistant bacteria have become a serious threat and a major global healthcare problem of the 21st century. This fact creates an urgent need for new and effective antimicrobials. The common strategies for antibiotic discovery are based on either modifying existing antibiotics or screening compound libraries, but these strategies have not been successful in recent decades. An alternative approach could be to use gene-specific oligonucleotides, such as peptide nucleic acid (PNA) oligomers, that can specifically target any single pathogen. This approach broadens the range of potential targets to any gene with a known sequence in any bacterium, and could significantly reduce the time required to discover new antimicrobials or their redesign, if resistance arises. We review the potential of PNA as an antibacterial molecule. First, we describe the physicochemical properties of PNA and modifications of the PNA backbone and nucleobases. Second, we review the carriers used to transport PNA to bacterial cells. Furthermore, we discuss the PNA targets in antibacterial studies focusing on antisense PNA targeting bacterial mRNA and rRNA.
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14
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Kargaard A, Sluijter JPG, Klumperman B. Polymeric siRNA gene delivery - transfection efficiency versus cytotoxicity. J Control Release 2019; 316:263-291. [PMID: 31689462 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Within the field of gene therapy, there is a considerable need for the development of non-viral vectors that are able to compete with the efficiency obtained by viral vectors, while maintaining a good toxicity profile and not inducing an immune response within the body. While there have been many reports of possible polymeric delivery systems, few of these systems have been successful in the clinical setting due to toxicity, systemic instability or gene regulation inefficiency, predominantly due to poor endosomal escape and cytoplasmic release. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of previously published polymeric non-coding RNA and, to a lesser degree, oligo-DNA delivery systems with emphasis on their positive and negative attributes, in order to provide insight in the numerous hurdles that still limit the success of gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kargaard
- Stellenbosch University, Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; University Medical Center Utrecht, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Joost P G Sluijter
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Bert Klumperman
- Stellenbosch University, Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa.
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15
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Reid LM, Verma CS, Essex JW. The role of molecular simulations in understanding the mechanisms of cell-penetrating peptides. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:1821-1835. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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16
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Duo X, Bai L, Wang J, Ji H, Guo J, Ren X, Shi C, Xia S, Zhang W, Feng Y. CAGW and TAT‐NLS peptides functionalized multitargeting gene delivery system with high transfection efficiency. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinghong Duo
- School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin University Tianjin China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringQinghai University for Nationalities Xining Qinghai China
| | - Lingchuang Bai
- School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin University Tianjin China
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin University Tianjin China
| | - Hao Ji
- School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin University Tianjin China
| | - Jintang Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin University Tianjin China
| | - Xiangkui Ren
- School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin University Tianjin China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education)Tianjin University Tianjin China
| | - Changcan Shi
- School of Ophthalmology & OptometryEye Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou Zhejiang China
- CNITECH, CASWenzhou Institute of Biomaterials and Engineering Wenzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Shihai Xia
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Splenic Medicine, Affiliated HospitalLogistics University of People's Armed Police Force Tianjin China
| | - Wencheng Zhang
- Department of Physiology and PathophysiologyLogistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Force Tianjin China
| | - Yakai Feng
- School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin University Tianjin China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education)Tianjin University Tianjin China
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17
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Ramírez PG, Del Pópolo MG, Vila JA, Szleifer I, Longo GS. Adsorption and insertion of polyarginine peptides into membrane pores: The trade-off between electrostatics, acid-base chemistry and pore formation energy. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 552:701-711. [PMID: 31176053 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.05.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism that arginine-rich cell penetrating peptides (ARCPPs) use to translocate lipid membranes is not entirely understood. In the present work, we develop a molecular theory that allows to investigate the adsorption and insertion of ARCPPs on membranes bearing hydrophilic pores. This method accounts for size, shape, conformation, protonation state and charge distribution of the peptides; it also describes the state of protonation of acidic membrane lipids. We present a systematic investigation of the effect of pore size, peptide concentration and sequence length on the extent of peptide adsorption and insertion into the pores. We show that adsorption on the intact (non-porated) lipid membrane plays a key role on peptide translocation. For peptides shorter than nona-arginine, adsorption on the intact membrane increases significantly with chain length, but it saturates for longer peptides. However, this adsorption behavior only occurs at relatively low peptide concentrations; increasing peptide concentration favors adsorption of the shorter molecules. Adsorption of longer peptides increases the intact membrane negative charge as a result of further deprotonation of acidic lipids. Peptide insertion into the pores depends non-monotonically on pore radius, which reflects the short range nature of the effective membrane-peptide interactions. The size of the pore that promotes maximum adsorption depends on the peptide chain length. Peptide translocation is a thermally activated process, so we complement our thermodynamic approach with a simple kinetic model that allows to rationalize the ARCPPs translocation rate in terms of the free energy gain of adsorption, and the energy cost of creating a transmembrane pore with peptides in it. Our results indicate that strategies to improve translocation efficiency should focus on enhancing peptide adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro G Ramírez
- Instituto de Matemática Aplicada San Luis (IMASL), UNSL-CONICET, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Mario G Del Pópolo
- IICB-CONICET & Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEN), UNCuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Jorge A Vila
- Instituto de Matemática Aplicada San Luis (IMASL), UNSL-CONICET, San Luis, Argentina
| | - I Szleifer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston IL, USA
| | - Gabriel S Longo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), UNLP-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina.
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18
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Oba M, Nagano Y, Kato T, Tanaka M. Secondary structures and cell-penetrating abilities of arginine-rich peptide foldamers. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1349. [PMID: 30718681 PMCID: PMC6362038 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38063-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Foldamers, which are folded oligomers with well-defined conformations, have been recently reported to have a good cell-penetrating ability. α,α-Disubstituted α-amino acids are one such promising tool for the design of peptide foldamers. Here, we prepared four types of L-arginine-rich nonapeptides containing L-leucine or α,α-disubstituted α-amino acids, and evaluated their secondary structures and cell-penetrating abilities in order to elucidate a correlation between them. Peptides containing α,α-disubstituted α-amino acids had similar resistance to protease digestion but showed different secondary structures. Intracellular uptake assays revealed that the helicity of peptides was important for their cell-penetrating abilities. These findings suggested that a peptide foldamer with a stable helical structure could be promising for the design of cell-penetrating peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Oba
- Graduate School Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan.
| | - Yu Nagano
- Graduate School Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Takuma Kato
- Graduate School Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
- Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 40-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-1094, Japan
| | - Masakazu Tanaka
- Graduate School Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
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19
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Singh T, Murthy ASN, Yang HJ, Im J. Versatility of cell-penetrating peptides for intracellular delivery of siRNA. Drug Deliv 2018; 25:1996-2006. [PMID: 30799658 PMCID: PMC6319457 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2018.1543366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasma membrane is a large barrier to systemic drug delivery into cells, and it limits the efficacy of drug cargo. This issue has been overcome using cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs). CPPs are short peptides (6-30 amino acid residues) that are potentially capable of intracellular penetration to deliver drug molecules. CPPs broadened biomedical applications and provide a means to deliver a range of biologically active molecules, such as small molecules, proteins, imaging agents, and pharmaceutical nanocarriers, across the plasma membrane with high efficacy and low toxicity. This review is focused on the versatility of CPPs and advanced approaches for siRNA delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejinder Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Akula S. N. Murthy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungkyun Im
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea
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20
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Grogg M, Hilvert D, Ebert MO, Beck AK, Seebach D, Kurth F, Dittrich PS, Sparr C, Wittlin S, Rottmann M, Mäser P. Cell Penetration, Herbicidal Activity, and in-vivo-Toxicity of Oligo-Arginine Derivatives and of Novel Guanidinium-Rich Compounds Derived from the Biopolymer Cyanophycin. Helv Chim Acta 2018; 101. [PMID: 30905972 DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201800112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Oligo-arginines are thoroughly studied cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs, Figures 1 and 2). Previous in-vitro investigations with the octaarginine salt of the phosphonate fosmidomycin (herbicide and anti-malaria drug) have shown a 40-fold parasitaemia inhibition with P. falciparum, compared to fosmidomycin alone (Figure 3). We have now tested this salt, as well as the corresponding phosphinate salt of the herbicide glufosinate, for herbicidal activity with whole plants by spray application, hoping for increased activities, i.e. decreased doses. However, both salts showed low herbicidal activity, indicating poor foliar uptake (Table 1). Another pronounced difference between in-vitro and in-vivo activity was demonstrated with various cell-penetrating octaarginine salts of fosmidomycin: intravenous injection to mice caused exitus of the animals within minutes, even at doses as low as 1.4 μmol/kg (Table 2). The results show that use of CPPs for drug delivery, for instance to cancer cells and tissues, must be considered with due care. The biopolymer cyanophycin is a poly-aspartic acid containing argininylated side chains (Figure 4); its building block is the dipeptide H-βAsp-αArg-OH (H-Adp-OH). To test and compare the biological properties with those of octaarginines we synthesized Adp8-derivatives (Figure 5). Intravenouse injection of H-Adp8-NH2 into the tail vein of mice with doses as high as 45 μmol/kg causes no symptoms whatsoever (Table 3), but H-Adp8-NH2 is not cell penetrating (HEK293 and MCF-7 cells, Figure 6). On the other hand, the fluorescently labeled octamers FAM-(Adp(OMe))8-NH2 and FAM-(Adp(NMe2))8-NH2 with ester and amide groups in the side chains exhibit mediocre to high cell-wall permeability (Figure 6), and are toxic (Table 3). Possible reasons for this behavior are discussed (Figure 7) and corresponding NMR spectra are presented (Figure 8).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Grogg
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, Departement Chemie und Angewandte Biowissenschaften, ETH-Zürich, Hönggerberg HCI, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Donald Hilvert
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, Departement Chemie und Angewandte Biowissenschaften, ETH-Zürich, Hönggerberg HCI, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marc-Olivier Ebert
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, Departement Chemie und Angewandte Biowissenschaften, ETH-Zürich, Hönggerberg HCI, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Albert K Beck
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, Departement Chemie und Angewandte Biowissenschaften, ETH-Zürich, Hönggerberg HCI, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Dieter Seebach
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, Departement Chemie und Angewandte Biowissenschaften, ETH-Zürich, Hönggerberg HCI, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Felix Kurth
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, BSD H 368, Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Petra S Dittrich
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, BSD H 368, Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christof Sparr
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sergio Wittlin
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Rottmann
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Mäser
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland
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21
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Peraro L, Kritzer JA. Emerging Methods and Design Principles for Cell-Penetrant Peptides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:11868-11881. [PMID: 29740917 PMCID: PMC7184558 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201801361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Biomolecules such as antibodies, proteins, and peptides are important tools for chemical biology and leads for drug development. They have been used to inhibit a variety of extracellular proteins, but accessing intracellular proteins has been much more challenging. In this review, we discuss diverse chemical approaches that have yielded cell-penetrant peptides and identify three distinct strategies: masking backbone amides, guanidinium group patterning, and amphipathic patterning. We summarize a growing number of large data sets, which are starting to reveal more specific design guidelines for each strategy. We also discuss advantages and disadvantages of current methods for quantifying cell penetration. Finally, we provide an overview of best-odds approaches for applying these new methods and design principles to optimize cytosolic penetration for a given bioactive peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Peraro
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, 02155, USA
| | - Joshua A Kritzer
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, 02155, USA
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22
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Peraro L, Kritzer JA. Neue Methoden und Designprinzipien für zellgängige Peptide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201801361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leila Peraro
- Department of Chemistry Tufts University Medford Massachusetts 02155 USA
| | - Joshua A. Kritzer
- Department of Chemistry Tufts University Medford Massachusetts 02155 USA
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23
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24
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Pescina S, Ostacolo C, Gomez-Monterrey IM, Sala M, Bertamino A, Sonvico F, Padula C, Santi P, Bianchera A, Nicoli S. Cell penetrating peptides in ocular drug delivery: State of the art. J Control Release 2018; 284:84-102. [PMID: 29913221 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite the increasing number of effective therapeutics for eye diseases, their treatment is still challenging due to the presence of effective barriers protecting eye tissues. Cell Penetrating Peptides (CPPs), synthetic and natural short amino acid sequences able to cross cellular membrane thanks to a transduction domain, have been proposed as possible enhancing strategies for ophthalmic delivery. In this review, a general description of CPPs classes, design approaches and proposed cellular uptake mechanisms will be provided to the reader as an introduction to ocular CPPs application, together with an overview of the main problems related to ocular administration. The results obtained with CPPs for the treatment of anterior and posterior segment eye diseases will be then introduced, with a focus on non-invasive or minimally invasive administration, shifting from CPPs capability to obtain intracellular delivery to their ability to cross biological barriers. The problems related to in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo models used to investigate CPPs mediated ocular delivery will be also addressed together with potential ocular toxicity issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pescina
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - C Ostacolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - I M Gomez-Monterrey
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - M Sala
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - A Bertamino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - F Sonvico
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - C Padula
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - P Santi
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - A Bianchera
- BiopharmanetTEC, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - S Nicoli
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
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25
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Li Q, Hao X, Zaidi SSA, Guo J, Ren X, Shi C, Zhang W, Feng Y. Oligohistidine and targeting peptide functionalized TAT-NLS for enhancing cellular uptake and promoting angiogenesis in vivo. J Nanobiotechnology 2018; 16:29. [PMID: 29580233 PMCID: PMC5870920 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-018-0358-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gene therapy has been developed and used in medical treatment for many years, especially for the enhancement of endothelialization and angiogenesis. But slow endosomal escape rate is still one of the major barriers to successful gene delivery. In order to evaluate whether introducing oligohistidine (Hn) sequence into gene carriers can promote endosomal escape and gene transfection or not, we designed and synthesized Arg-Glu-Asp-Val (REDV) peptide functionalized TAT-NLS-Hn (TAT: typical cell-penetrating peptide, NLS: nuclear localization signals, Hn: oligohistidine sequence, n: 4, 8 and 12) peptides with different Hn sequence lengths. pEGFP-ZNF580 (pZNF580) was condensed by these peptides to form gene complexes, which were used to transfect human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). RESULTS MTT assay showed that the gene complexes exhibited low cytotoxicity for HUVECs. The results of cellular uptake and co-localization ratio demonstrated that the gene complexes prepared from TAT-NLS-Hn with long Hn sequence (n = 12) benefited for high internalization efficiency of pZNF580. In addition, the results of western blot analysis and PCR assay of REDV-TAT-NLS-H12/pZNF580 complexes showed significantly enhanced gene expression at protein and mRNA level. Wound healing assay and transwell migration assay also confirmed the improved proliferation and migration ability of the transfected HUVECs by these complexes. Furthermore, the in vitro and in vivo angiogenesis assay illustrated that these complexes could promote the tube formation ability of HUVECs. CONCLUSION The above results indicated that the delivery efficiency of pZNF580 and its expression could be enhanced by introducing Hn sequence into gene carriers. The Hn sequence in REDV-TAT-NLS-Hn is beneficial for high gene transfection. These REDV and Hn functionalized TAT-NLS peptides are promising gene carriers in gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Xuefang Hao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Syed Saqib Ali Zaidi
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Jintang Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Xiangkui Ren
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Changcan Shi
- School of Ophthalmology, & Optometry, Eye Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325011, Zhejiang, China.,Wenzhou Institute of Biomaterials and Engineering, CNITECH, CAS, Wenzhou, 325011, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wencheng Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, 300309, China
| | - Yakai Feng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300350, China. .,Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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26
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Cell-penetrating peptide-based non-invasive topical delivery systems. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-017-0373-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Hao X, Li Q, Guo J, Ren X, Feng Y, Shi C, Zhang W. Multifunctional Gene Carriers with Enhanced Specific Penetration and Nucleus Accumulation to Promote Neovascularization of HUVECs in Vivo. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:35613-35627. [PMID: 28948764 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b11615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Recently, gene therapy has attracted much attention, especially for the treatment of vascular disease. However, it is still challenging to develop the gene carriers with high biocompatibility as well as highly efficient gene delivery to overcome multiple barriers. Herein, a frequently used cell-penetrating peptide PKKKRKV (TAT) was selected as a functional sequence of the gene carrier with distinctive cell-penetrating ability. REDV peptide with selectively targeting function for endothelial cells (ECs) and nuclear localization signals (NLS) were integrated with this TAT peptide to obtain a highly efficient gene delivery system with ECs specificity and nucleus accumulation capacity. Besides, the glycine sequences with different repeat numbers were inserted into the above integrated peptide. These glycine sequences acted as a flexible spacer arm to exert the targeting, cell-penetrating, and nucleus accumulation functions of each functional peptide. Three tandem peptides REDV-Gm-TAT-Gm-NLS (m = 0, 1, and 4) complexed with pZNF580 plasmid to form gene complexes. The results of hemocompatibility and cytocompatibility indicated that these peptides and gene complexes were nontoxic and biocompatible. The internalization efficiency and mechanism of these gene complexes were investigated. The internalization efficiency was improved as the introduction of targeting REDV and glycine sequence, and the REDV-G4-TAT-G4-NLS/pZNF580 (TP-G4/pZNF580) complexes showed the highest cellular uptake among the gene complexes. The TP-G4/pZNF580 complexes also presented significantly higher internalization efficiency (∼1.36 times) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) than human umbilical artery smooth muscle cells. TP-G4/pZNF580 complexes substantially promoted the expression of pZNF580 by confocal live cell imaging, gene delivery efficiency, and HUVECs migration assay. The in vitro and in vivo revascularization ability of transfected HUVECs was further enhanced obviously. In conclusion, these multifunctional REDV-Gm-TAT-Gm-NLS peptides offer a promising and efficacious delivery option for neovascularization to treat vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefang Hao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University , Yaguan Road 135, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Qian Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University , Yaguan Road 135, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jintang Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University , Yaguan Road 135, Tianjin 300350, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering , Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xiangkui Ren
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University , Yaguan Road 135, Tianjin 300350, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering , Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yakai Feng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University , Yaguan Road 135, Tianjin 300350, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering , Tianjin 300350, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Changcan Shi
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Eye Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325011, China
- Wenzhou Institute of Biomaterials and Engineering, CNITECH, CAS , Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325011, China
| | - Wencheng Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Force , Tianjin 300309, China
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Khandia R, Munjal A, Kumar A, Singh G, Karthik K, Dhama K. Cell Penetrating Peptides: Biomedical/Therapeutic Applications with Emphasis as Promising Futuristic Hope for Treating Cancer. INT J PHARMACOL 2017. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2017.677.689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Bjorge JD, Pang A, Fujita DJ. Delivery of gene targeting siRNAs to breast cancer cells using a multifunctional peptide complex that promotes both targeted delivery and endosomal release. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180578. [PMID: 28666009 PMCID: PMC5493434 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA interference has been used to dissect the importance of individual gene products in various human disease processes, including cancer. Small-interfering RNA, or siRNA, is one of the tools utilized in this regard, but specially-designed delivery agents are required to allow the siRNA to gain optimal access to the cell interior. Our laboratory has utilized two different siRNA-binding delivery peptides containing a polyarginine core, and modified by myristoylation and targeting motifs (iRGD or Lyp-1). A third peptide was designed to assist with endosomal release. Various ratios of the peptides and siRNA were combined and assayed for the ability to form stable complexes, and optimized ratios were determined. The complexes were found to form particles, with the majority having a diameter of 100-300 nm, as visualized by electron microscopy. These siRNA complexes have enhanced protection from nucleases present in serum, as compared to "naked" unprotected siRNA. The particles were internalized by the cells and could be detected in the cell cytoplasm by confocal fluorescence microscopy. In functional assays, peptide/siRNA complexes were shown to cause the knock down of corresponding targeted proteins. The peptide with the LyP-1 targeting motif was more effective at knockdown in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells than the peptide with the iRGD motif. Inclusion of the endosomal release peptide in the complexes greatly enhanced the peptide/siRNA effects. Peptide/siRNA complexes simultaneously targeting Stat3 and c-Myc caused a marked reduction in anchorage-independent growth, a property correlated with tumorigenicity. This study demonstrates the ability of a peptide-based siRNA-delivery system to deliver siRNA into breast cancer cells and cause both protein knockdown and suppression of the malignant phenotype. Such peptide complexes are likely to become highly useful siRNA-delivery vehicles for the characterization, and potentially for the treatment, of human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D. Bjorge
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- The Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail: (JDB); (DF)
| | - Andy Pang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- The Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Donald J. Fujita
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- The Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail: (JDB); (DF)
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30
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Guidotti G, Brambilla L, Rossi D. Cell-Penetrating Peptides: From Basic Research to Clinics. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2017; 38:406-424. [PMID: 28209404 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 715] [Impact Index Per Article: 102.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The presence of cell and tissue barriers together with the low biomembrane permeability of various therapeutics often hampers systemic drug distribution; thus, most of the available molecules are of limited therapeutic value. Opportunities to increase medicament concentrations in areas that are difficult to access now exist with the advent of cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), which can transport into the cell a wide variety of biologically active conjugates (cargoes). Numerous preclinical evaluations with CPP-derived therapeutics have provided promising results in various disease models that, in some cases, prompted clinical trials. The outcome of these investigations has thus opened new perspectives for CPP application in the development of unprecedented human therapies that are well tolerated and directed to intracellular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Guidotti
- Laboratory for Research on Neurodegenerative Disorders, IRCCS Maugeri Clinical and Scientific Institutes SpA SB, Via Maugeri 10, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Liliana Brambilla
- Laboratory for Research on Neurodegenerative Disorders, IRCCS Maugeri Clinical and Scientific Institutes SpA SB, Via Maugeri 10, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Daniela Rossi
- Laboratory for Research on Neurodegenerative Disorders, IRCCS Maugeri Clinical and Scientific Institutes SpA SB, Via Maugeri 10, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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31
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Feni L, Neundorf I. The Current Role of Cell-Penetrating Peptides in Cancer Therapy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1030:279-295. [PMID: 29081059 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-66095-0_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are a heterogeneous class of peptides with the ability to translocate across the plasma membrane and to carry attached cargos inside the cell. Two main entry pathways are discussed, as direct translocation and endocytosis , whereas the latter is often favored when bulky cargos are added to the CPP. Attachment to the CPP can be achieved by means of covalent coupling or non-covalent complex formation, depending on the chemical nature of the cargo. Owing to their striking abilities the further development and application of CPP-based delivery strategies has steadily emerged during the past years. However, one main pitfall when using CPPs is their non-selective uptake in nearly all types of cells. Thus, one particular interest lies in the design of targeting strategies that help to circumvent this drawback but still benefit from the potent delivery abilities of CPPs. The following review aims to summarize some of these very recent concepts and to highlight the current role of CPPs in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Feni
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Zuelpicherstr. 47a, D-50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ines Neundorf
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Zuelpicherstr. 47a, D-50674, Cologne, Germany.
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Zhao J, Li Q, Hao X, Ren X, Guo J, Feng Y, Shi C. Multi-targeting peptides for gene carriers with high transfection efficiency. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:8035-8051. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb02012k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Non-viral gene carriers for gene therapy have been developed for many years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300350
- China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin)
| | - Qian Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300350
- China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin)
| | - Xuefang Hao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300350
- China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin)
| | - Xiangkui Ren
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300350
- China
- Tianjin University-Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht
| | - Jintang Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300350
- China
- Tianjin University-Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht
| | - Yakai Feng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300350
- China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin)
| | - Changcan Shi
- Institute of Biomaterials and Engineering
- Wenzhou Medical University
- Wenzhou
- China
- Wenzhou Institute of Biomaterials and Engineering
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CPP-Assisted Intracellular Drug Delivery, What Is Next? Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17111892. [PMID: 27854260 PMCID: PMC5133891 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17111892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
For the past 20 years, we have witnessed an unprecedented and, indeed, rather miraculous event of how cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), the naturally originated penetrating enhancers, help overcome the membrane barrier that has hindered the access of bio-macromolecular compounds such as genes and proteins into cells, thereby denying their clinical potential to become potent anti-cancer drugs. By taking the advantage of the unique cell-translocation property of these short peptides, various payloads of proteins, nucleic acids, or even nanoparticle-based carriers were delivered into all cell types with unparalleled efficiency. However, non-specific CPP-mediated cell penetration into normal tissues can lead to widespread organ distribution of the payloads, thereby reducing the therapeutic efficacy of the drug and at the same time increasing the drug-induced toxic effects. In view of these challenges, we present herein a review of the new designs of CPP-linked vehicles and strategies to achieve highly effective yet less toxic chemotherapy in combating tumor oncology.
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Wada SI, Iwata M, Ozaki Y, Ozaki T, Hayashi J, Urata H. Design of cyclic RGD-conjugated Aib-containing amphipathic helical peptides for targeted delivery of small interfering RNA. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:4478-4485. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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35
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Rice DR, Clear KJ, Smith BD. Imaging and therapeutic applications of zinc(ii)-dipicolylamine molecular probes for anionic biomembranes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:8787-801. [PMID: 27302091 PMCID: PMC4949593 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc03669d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This feature article describes the development of synthetic zinc(ii)-dipicolylamine (ZnDPA) receptors as selective targeting agents for anionic membranes in cell culture and living subjects. There is a strong connection between anionic cell surface charge and disease, and ZnDPA probes have been employed extensively for molecular imaging and targeted therapeutics. Fluorescence and nuclear imaging applications include detection of diseases such as cancer, neurodegeneration, arthritis, and microbial infection, and also quantification of cell death caused by therapy. Therapeutic applications include selective targeting of cytotoxic agents and drug delivery systems, photodynamic inactivation, and modulation of the immune system. The article concludes with a summary of expected future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas R Rice
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, 46556 IN, USA.
| | - Kasey J Clear
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, 46556 IN, USA.
| | - Bradley D Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, 46556 IN, USA.
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