1
|
Irvin MR, Montasser ME, Kind T, Fan S, Barupal DK, Patki A, Tanner RM, Armstrong ND, Ryan KA, Claas SA, O’Connell JR, Tiwari HK, Arnett DK. Genomics of Postprandial Lipidomics in the Genetics of Lipid-Lowering Drugs and Diet Network Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:4000. [PMID: 34836252 PMCID: PMC8617762 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Postprandial lipemia (PPL) is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Inter-individual variation in the dietary response to a meal is known to be influenced by genetic factors, yet genes that dictate variation in postprandial lipids are not completely characterized. Genetic studies of the plasma lipidome can help to better understand postprandial metabolism by isolating lipid molecular species which are more closely related to the genome. We measured the plasma lipidome at fasting and 6 h after a standardized high-fat meal in 668 participants from the Genetics of Lipid-Lowering Drugs and Diet Network study (GOLDN) using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to (quadrupole) time-of-flight mass spectrometry. A total of 413 unique lipids were identified. Heritable and responsive lipid species were examined for association with single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) genotyped on the Affymetrix 6.0 array. The most statistically significant SNP findings were replicated in the Amish Heredity and Phenotype Intervention (HAPI) Heart Study. We further followed up findings from GOLDN with a regional analysis of cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpGs) sites measured on the Illumina HumanMethylation450 array. A total of 132 lipids were both responsive to the meal challenge and heritable in the GOLDN study. After correction for multiple testing of 132 lipids (α = 5 × 10-8/132 = 4 × 10-10), no SNP was statistically significantly associated with any lipid response. Four SNPs in the region of a known lipid locus (fatty acid desaturase 1 and 2/FADS1 and FADS2) on chromosome 11 had p < 8.0 × 10-7 for arachidonic acid FA(20:4). Those SNPs replicated in HAPI Heart with p < 3.3 × 10-3. CpGs around the FADS1/2 region were associated with arachidonic acid and the relationship of one SNP was partially mediated by a CpG (p = 0.005). Both SNPs and CpGs from the fatty acid desaturase region on chromosome 11 contribute jointly and independently to the diet response to a high-fat meal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marguerite R. Irvin
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (R.M.T.); (N.D.A.)
| | - May E. Montasser
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (M.E.M.); (K.A.R.); (J.R.O.)
- Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Tobias Kind
- NIH West Coast Metabolomics Center, UC Davis Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (T.K.); (S.F.)
| | - Sili Fan
- NIH West Coast Metabolomics Center, UC Davis Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (T.K.); (S.F.)
| | - Dinesh K. Barupal
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
| | - Amit Patki
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (A.P.); (H.K.T.)
| | - Rikki M. Tanner
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (R.M.T.); (N.D.A.)
| | - Nicole D. Armstrong
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (R.M.T.); (N.D.A.)
| | - Kathleen A. Ryan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (M.E.M.); (K.A.R.); (J.R.O.)
| | - Steven A. Claas
- College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (S.A.C.); (D.K.A.)
| | - Jeffrey R. O’Connell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (M.E.M.); (K.A.R.); (J.R.O.)
| | - Hemant K. Tiwari
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (A.P.); (H.K.T.)
| | - Donna K. Arnett
- College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (S.A.C.); (D.K.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Genetic and Epigenetic Regulations of Post-prandial Lipemia. CURRENT GENETIC MEDICINE REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40142-018-0146-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
3
|
Krekels JPM, Verhezen PWM, Henskens YMC. Platelet Aggregation in Healthy Participants is Not Affected by Smoking, Drinking Coffee, Consuming a High-Fat Meal, or Performing Physical Exercise. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2018; 25:1076029618782445. [PMID: 29916260 PMCID: PMC6714925 DOI: 10.1177/1076029618782445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet aggregation can be measured using optical aggregation (light transmission
aggregometry, LTA) as well as by impedance (Multiplate analyzer). The LTA (the gold
standard method) can be influenced by many preanalytical variables. Several guidelines
differ in recommendations for the duration patients should refrain from smoking, coffee,
fatty meals, and physical exercise prior to blood collection for performing platelet
function tests. In this pilot study, the influence of smoking, coffee, high-fat meal, or
physical exercise on platelet aggregation was investigated to improve patient friendliness
and laboratory logistics in platelet function diagnostics. Standardized blood collection
was performed when participants were fasting and after each parameter (n=5 per group). As
a control for diurnal fluctuations, participants (n=6) were fasting during both blood
collections. Platelet aggregation was executed using standardized methods for LTA and
Multiplate analyzer. Statistical analysis of the results using Wilcoxon signed-rank test
did not show any significant differences in platelet aggregation in healthy participants
under different preanalytical variables. Therefore, these variables are not expected to
adversely affect testing, which can avoid canceling tests for those patients who
inevitably did.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joyce P M Krekels
- 1 Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Cluster for Hemostasis and Transfusion, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Paul W M Verhezen
- 1 Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Cluster for Hemostasis and Transfusion, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Yvonne M C Henskens
- 1 Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Cluster for Hemostasis and Transfusion, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Effects of amount and type of dietary fats on postprandial lipemia and thrombogenic markers in individuals with metabolic syndrome. Atherosclerosis 2015; 242:281-7. [PMID: 26232169 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Postprandial lipemia has been reported to affect endothelial function by thrombogenic and inflammatory pathways. We set out to investigate the impact of a) specific amount (50 g vs 20 g fat), and b) type of fatty acids (saturated, monounsaturated or n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids; SFA, MUFA, PUFA) on postprandial lipemia, thrombogenic and inflammatory factors in metabolic syndrome subjects. DESIGN 30 subjects (15 men, 15 women) participated in a double-blind, randomized crossover design study with both the subjects and investigators blinded to treatments. Blood samples were collected at fasting and 30 min, hourly interval for a total of 6 h. RESULTS As expected, lower triacylglycerol response was observed for low fat/high carbohydrate meal; whereas no difference was detected between the types of fatty acids. The incremental area under the curve (iAUC) for low fat/high carbohydrate meal was 70%, 81% and 61% lower than the SFA, MUFA and PUFA meals, respectively. The iAUC 0-6 h for triacylglycerol was 42% lower in women compared with the men (P = 0.024), with the similar trend observed for non-esterified fatty acids. There were significant meal × time interaction (P = 0.000) for plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and thromboxane B2 (P = 0.022) from baseline. No differences were observed between meals for plasma D-dimer, interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α and high sensitivity C-reactive protein. CONCLUSION These data indicate that in metabolic syndrome subjects, only the amount of dietary fatty acids affects postprandial lipemia but both amount and type of dietary fats alter thrombogenic factors. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01571947).
Collapse
|
5
|
Sottero B, Gargiulo S, Russo I, Barale C, Poli G, Cavalot F. Postprandial Dysmetabolism and Oxidative Stress in Type 2 Diabetes: Pathogenetic Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies. Med Res Rev 2015; 35:968-1031. [PMID: 25943420 DOI: 10.1002/med.21349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Postprandial dysmetabolism in type 2 diabetes (T2D) is known to impact the progression and evolution of this complex disease process. However, the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms still require full elucidation to provide guidance for disease prevention and treatment. This review focuses on the marked redox changes and inflammatory stimuli provoked by the spike in blood glucose and lipids in T2D individuals after meals. All the causes of exacerbated postprandial oxidative stress in T2D were analyzed, also considering the consequence of enhanced inflammation on vascular damage. Based on this in-depth analysis, current strategies of prevention and pharmacologic management of T2D were critically reexamined with particular emphasis on their potential redox-related rationale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Sottero
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, Turin, 10043, Italy
| | - Simona Gargiulo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, Turin, 10043, Italy
| | - Isabella Russo
- Internal Medicine and Metabolic Disease Unit, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, Turin, 10043, Italy
| | - Cristina Barale
- Internal Medicine and Metabolic Disease Unit, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, Turin, 10043, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Poli
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, Turin, 10043, Italy
| | - Franco Cavalot
- Internal Medicine and Metabolic Disease Unit, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, Turin, 10043, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bays HE, Tighe AP, Sadovsky R, Davidson MH. Prescription omega-3 fatty acids and their lipid effects: physiologic mechanisms of action and clinical implications. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2014; 6:391-409. [DOI: 10.1586/14779072.6.3.391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
7
|
Wright A, Pinto C, Tulk H, McCluskey J, Goldstein A, Huschka B, Marangoni A, Seetharaman K. Monoacylglycerol gel offers improved lipid profiles in high and low moisture baked products but does not influence postprandial lipid and glucose responses. Food Funct 2014; 5:882-93. [DOI: 10.1039/c3fo60596e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Structured emulsions, including monoacylglycerol (MAG) gels, are of interest as alternatives to shortenings rich in saturated andtransfatty acids (SFA and TFA).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Wright
- Department of Human Health & Nutritional Sciences
- University of Guelph
- Guelph, Canada
| | - Christine Pinto
- Department of Human Health & Nutritional Sciences
- University of Guelph
- Guelph, Canada
| | - Hilary Tulk
- Department of Human Health & Nutritional Sciences
- University of Guelph
- Guelph, Canada
| | - Julie McCluskey
- Department of Human Health & Nutritional Sciences
- University of Guelph
- Guelph, Canada
| | - Avi Goldstein
- Department of Food Science
- University of Guelph
- Guelph, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kishimoto Y, Tani M, Kondo K. Pleiotropic preventive effects of dietary polyphenols in cardiovascular diseases. Eur J Clin Nutr 2013; 67:532-5. [PMID: 23403879 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2013.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Polyphenols are common constituents of the diet, and research on their health benefits has developed quickly over the past few years. Our purpose is to review recent findings highlighting daily dietary polyphenol intake and the diverse function of polyphenols and their possible relationships to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Several cohort studies have reported an inverse relationship between the daily consumption of polyphenols and CVD risk. Many studies showed that beverages could be a large source of polyphenols. Our previous findings provide that Japanese people intake polyphenols mainly from beverages, especially coffee and green tea (in descending order of polyphenol content). Many kinds of polyphenols act as an antioxidant against low-density lipoprotein oxidation, which is known to promote atherosclerosis. Recent accumulating evidence suggests that dietary polyphenols could exert their cardioprotective actions through their potential to improve metabolic disorder and vascular inflammation. These findings raise the possibility that polyphenols have a wide variety of roles in the intestine, liver and vascular tissue. In addition to identifying mechanisms of polyphenol bioactivity by basic research, much more epidemiological and clinical evidence linking reduced cardiovascular risk with dietary polyphenols intake are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Kishimoto
- Institute of Environmental Science for Human Life, Ochanomizu University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Burton-Freeman B, Talbot J, Park E, Krishnankutty S, Edirisinghe I. Protective activity of processed tomato products on postprandial oxidation and inflammation: A clinical trial in healthy weight men and women. Mol Nutr Food Res 2012; 56:622-31. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201100649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2011] [Revised: 11/11/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Julie Talbot
- Center for Nutrition Research; Institute for Food Safety and Health; Illinois Institute of Technology; IL; USA
| | - Eunyoung Park
- Center for Nutrition Research; Institute for Food Safety and Health; Illinois Institute of Technology; IL; USA
| | - Sandhya Krishnankutty
- Center for Nutrition Research; Institute for Food Safety and Health; Illinois Institute of Technology; IL; USA
| | - Indika Edirisinghe
- Center for Nutrition Research; Institute for Food Safety and Health; Illinois Institute of Technology; IL; USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sanders TAB, Filippou A, Berry SE, Baumgartner S, Mensink RP. Palmitic acid in the sn-2 position of triacylglycerols acutely influences postprandial lipid metabolism. Am J Clin Nutr 2011; 94:1433-41. [PMID: 22030225 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.111.017459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The triacylglycerol structure of saturated fats may influence postprandial lipemia. OBJECTIVE We tested the hypothesis that high-fat meals rich in palmitic acid (16:0) in the sn-2 position decrease lipemia. DESIGN Postprandial changes in plasma lipids, apolipoprotein B48, and cytokines were compared in healthy men (n = 25) and women (n = 25) by using a randomized crossover design after meals that provided 50 g fat supplied as high-oleic sunflower oil (control), palm olein (PO), interesterified palm olein (IPO), and lard containing 0.6, 9.2, 39.1, and 70.5 mol% 16:0, respectively, at sn-2. RESULTS The sn-2-rich meals elicited different postprandial responses in plasma concentrations of nonesterified fatty acid (meal × time, P = 0.00014), triacylglycerol (meal × time, P = 0.002), and apolipoprotein B48 (meal × time × sex, P = 0.008). Nonesterified fatty acid concentrations were lower up to 3 h after lard and IPO meals than after control or PO meals. Triacylglycerol increased less steeply after lard and IPO meals than after control and PO meals; the incremental AUCs (iAUCs) were 34% (95% CI: 7%, 124%; P < 0.05) and 26% (95% CI: 16%, 132%; P < 0.05) lower after lard than after control and PO meals, respectively. In men, the maximal increment in apolipoprotein B48 was 14% (95% CI: 3%, 25%; P < 0.05) and 16% (95% CI: 2%, 30%; P < 0.05) lower for lard and IPO, respectively, compared with control. The postprandial iAUC in triacylglycerol was 51% lower in women (P = 0.001) than in men. Plasma IL-6 increased postprandially, but IL-8, TNF-α, and E-selectin decreased after all meals. CONCLUSION Fats with a higher proportion of palmitic acid in the sn-2 position decrease postprandial lipemia in healthy subjects. This trial was registered at controlled-trials.com as ISRCTN20774126.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A B Sanders
- Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, School of Medicine, King's College London, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
|
12
|
Panzoldo NB, Urban A, Parra ES, Oliveira R, Zago VS, da Silva LR, de Faria EC. Differences and similarities of postprandial lipemia in rodents and humans. Lipids Health Dis 2011; 10:86. [PMID: 21605416 PMCID: PMC3125350 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-10-86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The rat has been a mainstay of physiological and metabolic research, and more recently mice. This study aimed at characterizing the postprandial triglyceride profile of two members of the Muridae family: the Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus albinus) and C57BL/6 mice (Mus musculus) plus comparing them to the profile obtained in humans. Methods Thirty-one male and twelve female Wistar rats, ten C57BL/6 male and nine female mice received a liquid meal containing fat (17%), protein (4%) and carbohydrates (4%), providing 2 g fat/Kg. Thirty-one men and twenty-nine women received a standardized liquid meal containing fat (25%), dextromaltose (55%), protein (14%), and vitamins and minerals (6%), and providing 40 g of fat per square meter of body surface. Serial blood samples were collected at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 h after the ingestion in rats, at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 h in mice and in humans at 2, 4, 6 and 8 h. Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests were used. Results/Discussion The triglyceride responses were evaluated after the oral fat loads. Fasting and postprandial triglyceridemia were determined sequentially in blood sample. AUC, AUIC, AR, RR and late peaks were determined. Conclusions Rats are prone to respond in a pro-atherogenic manner. The responses in mice were closer to the ones in healthy men. This study presents striking differences in postprandial triglycerides patterns between rats and mice not correlated to baseline triglycerides, the animal baseline body weight or fat load in all animal groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia B Panzoldo
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Lipid Laboratory and Center for Medicine and Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, University of Campinas, Campinas 13084-971, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sirikwanpong S, Dahlan W, Ngamukote S, Sangsuthum S, Adisakwattana S, Nopponpunth V, Himathongkam T. The Alterations of Erythrocyte Phospholipids in Type 2 Diabetes Observed after Oral High-Fat Meal Loading: The FTIR Spectroscopic and Mass Spectrometric Studies. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2010; 47:111-20. [PMID: 20838566 PMCID: PMC2935151 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.10-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2010] [Accepted: 03/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the postprandial remodelling of erythrocytes phospholipids (PLs) in type 2 diabetics (T2DM). Therefore, this study aims to compare the alterations of erythrocyte PLs in T2DM to those of healthy subjects after ingestion of a high-fat meal. Eleven T2DM and ten healthy subjects underwent a high-fat meal loading. Erythrocytes were isolated from blood obtained after fasting and 4 h after the meal. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was initially used to screen erythrocyte PLs by monitoring C-H stretching vibrations. Phosphatidylcholine (PC) molecular species were further investigated by Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionisation-Mass Spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS). For the control group, FTIR revealed postprandial changes in C-H stretching vibrations, particularly of the olefinic band. These findings were supported by LC-ESI-MS data, showing marked changes in PC molecular species, especially of the PC34:1 (where 34 and 1 mean the summed number of carbons and double bonds, respectively). However, similar changes of those were not apparent in the T2DM group. Our results reveal marked postprandial alterations of erythrocyte PC species in healthy subjects whereas only mild alterations are observed in T2DM. The discrepant effects of high-fat meal loading suggest abnormal PC remodelling in the diabetic erythrocyte that may affect its membrane fluidity and integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sukrit Sirikwanpong
- Inter-Department Program of Biomedical Sciences, The Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bukkapatnam RN, Berglund L, Anuurad E, Devaraj S, Hyson D, Rafii F, Malmstein C, Villablanca AC. Postprandial metabolic responses to dietary glycemic index in hypercholesterolemic postmenopausal women. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 13:29-35. [PMID: 20021624 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-7141.2009.00043.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in postmenopausal women. While diet and lifestyle remain the cornerstones of prevention, a low-fat/high-carbohydrate diet is associated with hyperglycemia and hyperlipemia-atherosclerotic risk factors affected by postprandial conditions. The objective of this study was to examine the acute response of lipids and insulin to a low-fat/high-carbohydrate meal with either a high-glycemic or a low-glycemic index in healthy postmenopausal women. Fifteen healthy postmenopausal women were enrolled in a randomized crossover dietary intervention study. Levels of glucose, triglyceride, free fatty acids (FFAs), and insulin were measured preprandially and for 240 minutes after consumption of the test meals. In response to the high-glycemic compared with the low-glycemic index meal, postprandial insulin levels had a higher peak (65.4 vs 48.1 microU/mL, respectively), the homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was significantly higher (P=.014), serum triglyceride levels declined significantly (P<.001), and there was a small reduction in FFA levels, although the difference did not reach statistical significance. The results suggest a postprandial impact of glycemic index on cardiovascular metabolic biomarkers in postmenopausal women and may have implications for dietary glycemic modification of cardiovascular risk in women.
Collapse
|
15
|
Mortensen LS, Hartvigsen ML, Brader LJ, Astrup A, Schrezenmeir J, Holst JJ, Thomsen C, Hermansen K. Differential effects of protein quality on postprandial lipemia in response to a fat-rich meal in type 2 diabetes: comparison of whey, casein, gluten, and cod protein. Am J Clin Nutr 2009; 90:41-8. [PMID: 19458012 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.2008.27281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enhanced and prolonged postprandial triglyceride responses involve increased cardiovascular disease risk in type 2 diabetes. Dietary fat and carbohydrates profoundly influence postprandial hypertriglyceridemia, whereas little information exists on the effect of proteins. OBJECTIVE The objective was to compare the effects of the proteins casein, whey, cod, and gluten on postprandial lipid and incretin responses to a high-fat meal in persons with type 2 diabetes. DESIGN A crossover study was conducted in 12 patients with type 2 diabetes. Blood samples were collected over 8 h after ingestion of a test meal containing 100 g butter and 45 g carbohydrate in combination with 45 g casein (Cas-meal), whey (Whe-meal), cod (Cod-meal), or gluten (Glu-meal). We measured plasma concentrations of triglycerides, retinyl palmitate (RP), free fatty acids, insulin, glucose, glucagon, glucagon-like peptide 1, and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide. RESULTS The incremental area under the curve for triglyceride was significantly lower after the Whe-meal than after the other meals. The RP response was lower after the Whe-meal than after the Cas-meal and Cod-meal in the chylomicron-rich fraction and higher after the Whe-meal than after Cod- and Glu-meals in the chylomicron-poor fraction. Free fatty acids were most pronouncedly suppressed after the Whe-meal. The glucose response was lower after the Whe-meal than after the other meals, whereas no significant differences were found in insulin, glucagon, glucagon-like peptide 1, and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide responses. CONCLUSION The data suggest that as a supplement to a fat-rich meal in patients with type 2 diabetes, whey protein seems to outperform other proteins in terms of postprandial lipemia improvement, possibly because of the formation of fewer chylomicrons or increased clearance of chylomicrons. The trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT00817973.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lene S Mortensen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism C, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Nash M, Mendez A. Nonfasting Lipemia and Inflammation as Cardiovascular Disease Risks After SCI. Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil 2009. [DOI: 10.1310/sci1403-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
17
|
Tsai CJ, Leitzmann MF, Willett WC, Giovannucci EL. Macronutrients and insulin resistance in cholesterol gallstone disease. Am J Gastroenterol 2008; 103:2932-9. [PMID: 18853969 DOI: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2008.02189.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cholelithiasis is a major source of digestive morbidity worldwide. Cholesterol stones account for the majority of gallstones in the United States and other Western countries. The pathogenesis of cholesterol gallstone disease is multifactorial with key factors including cholesterol supersaturation of bile, altered biliary motility, and nucleation and growth of cholesterol crystals. Increasing evidence suggests that many, but not all, causative factors of cholesterol gallstones are related to insulin resistance which, in association with obesity, has reached an epidemic level worldwide. Experimental studies show that hyperinsulinemia, a key feature of insulin resistance, may cause increased hepatic cholesterol secretion and cholesterol supersaturation of bile and gallbladder dysmotility, and thereby may enhance gallstone formation. Insulin resistance syndrome can be modified by environmental factors, including dietary factors. The impact of diet on insulin sensitivity is mediated by both dietary composition and its energy content. The contribution of specific dietary elements to the prevalence and incidence of cholesterol gallstone disease has been explored in animal and human studies. There is considerable evidence to suggest that different types of fatty acids, independent of the total amount of fat consumption, affect insulin sensitivity and cholesterol gallstone disease differently. The effects of salt intake, consumption of protein and carbohydrates, and alcohol drinking on insulin resistance are controversial. Additional intervention trials and controlled experimental feeding studies are needed to further clarify these relationships and to provide useful prophylactic and therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Jyi Tsai
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0298, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Crupkin M, Zambelli A. Detrimental Impact of Trans Fats on Human Health: Stearic Acid-Rich Fats as Possible Substitutes. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2008; 7:271-279. [PMID: 33467800 DOI: 10.1111/j.1541-4337.2008.00045.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Strong evidence demonstrated the negative effect of trans fatty acid (TFA) intake on cardiovascular diseases (CVD), diabetes, systemic inflammation, and hemostasis. As a consequence, different regulatory actions have been developed around the world, aiming to reduce human consumption of TFA. Replacement for TFA functionality requires incorporation of plastic and stable saturated fats; the present options are palm or fully hydrogenated oils. Palm oil has been described as responsible for negative biological effects on serum cholesterol levels and CVD risk. Different epidemiological and clinical studies recommend reduction of saturated fatty acid (SFA) intake, mainly myristic and palmitic acids. Experimental evidence strongly suggests that stearic acid is a wholesome substitute for TFAs and other SFAs in food manufacturing. In this article, biological effects of stearic acid on human health are reviewed in comparison to TFAs, SFAs, and unsaturated fatty acids. Current revised understanding on dietary intake, digestion, and absorption is also covered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Crupkin
- Author Crupkin is with Area Biomolecular y Area de Alimentos and author Zambelli is with Posgrado en Producción Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Univ. Nac. de Mar del Plata, CC 276, Ruta 226, Km 73.5, Balcarce (7620), Pcia. de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Direct inquiries to author Crupkin (E-mail: )
| | - Andres Zambelli
- Author Crupkin is with Area Biomolecular y Area de Alimentos and author Zambelli is with Posgrado en Producción Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Univ. Nac. de Mar del Plata, CC 276, Ruta 226, Km 73.5, Balcarce (7620), Pcia. de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Direct inquiries to author Crupkin (E-mail: )
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Rivellese AA, Giacco R, Annuzzi G, De Natale C, Patti L, Di Marino L, Minerva V, Costabile G, Santangelo C, Masella R, Riccardi G. Effects of monounsaturated vs. saturated fat on postprandial lipemia and adipose tissue lipases in type 2 diabetes. Clin Nutr 2008; 27:133-41. [PMID: 17765364 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2007.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2007] [Accepted: 07/06/2007] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of different dietary fatty acids on postprandial lipid metabolism in type 2 diabetic patients are still debated. AIM To evaluate the effects of monounsaturated (MUFA) vs. saturated fat (SAFA)-rich diets on postprandial lipemia and adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase (LPL), and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) in type 2 diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eleven type 2 diabetic patients followed, in random order, a diet rich in MUFA (SAFA 8%, MUFA 23%) and another rich in SAFA (SAFA 17%, MUFA 15%) for a period of 3 weeks each. At the end of the two diets, a standard fat-rich meal was administered and subcutaneous fat biopsies were performed at fasting and 6h after the test meal. RESULTS Neither diet induced significant changes in meal lipid tolerance, except for a faster (at 2h) increase in chylomicron triglycerides and a significant decrease in small VLDL triglyceride incremental area after the MUFA diet (-13.6+/-4.7 mg/dl*6h vs. -2.2+/-3.7 mg/dl*6h, p<0.005) (M+/-SEM). LPL and HSL activities were significantly increased after the MUFA diet. CONCLUSIONS A MUFA-rich diet reduces postprandial small VLDL triglycerides in type 2 diabetic patients compared to a SAFA-rich diet, and modifies lipolytic enzymes in adipose tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela A Rivellese
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kaput J, Perlina A, Hatipoglu B, Bartholomew A, Nikolsky Y. Nutrigenomics: concepts and applications to pharmacogenomics and clinical medicine. Pharmacogenomics 2007; 8:369-90. [PMID: 17391074 DOI: 10.2217/14622416.8.4.369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of health and the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases are influenced by naturally occurring chemicals in foods. In addition to supplying the substrates for producing energy, a large number of dietary chemicals are bioactive--that is, they alter the regulation of biological processes and, either directly or indirectly, the expression of genetic information. Nutrients and bioactives may produce different physiological phenotypes among individuals because of genetic variability and not only alter health, but also disease initiation, progression and severity. The study and application of gene-nutrient interactions is called nutritional genomics or nutrigenomics. Nutrigenomic concepts, research strategies and clinical implementation are similar to and overlap those of pharmacogenomics, and both are fundamental to the treatment of disease and maintenance of optimal health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jim Kaput
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois Chicago, 909 South Wolcott Street MC 958, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Nabeno Y, Fukuchi Y, Matsutani Y, Naito M. Influence of aging and menopause on postprandial lipoprotein responses in healthy adult women. J Atheroscler Thromb 2007; 14:142-50. [PMID: 17587766 DOI: 10.5551/jat.14.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To analyze the influence of menopause and age on postprandial lipoprotein responses in healthy adult women. METHOD Twenty-seven healthy young and middle-aged pre- and postmenopausal female volunteers aged 21-53 y were enrolled. They ingested OFTT cream(Jomo, Takasaki, Japan). Fasting and postprandial blood samples were obtained for up to 6 h, and serum concentrations of lipoproteins were analyzed. RESULTS In the postprandial phase, serum triglycerides(TG), remnant-like particle(RLP)-TG(RLP-TG), RLP-cholesterol(RLP-C), and TG-rich lipoprotein-TG(TRL-TG)concentrations in all groups peaked after 2 h. After 4 h, the TG, RLP-C, RLP-TG and TRL-TG concentrations in the young women returned to the fasting concentrations. However, at 6 h, these parameters in the pre- and postmenopausal women had barely returned to the fasting concentrations. CONCLUSION The present results suggest that:(1)the magnitude of postprandial TG concentrations is dependent on age, but not on menopause;(2)clearance of remnant lipoproteins is delayed with age in pre- and postmenopausal women compared to young women, and(3)menopause is associated with an increase of RLP-C, but may not influence LDL particle size.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Nabeno
- Division of Nutrition and Health, School and Graduate School of Life Studies, Sugiyama Jogakuen University, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Quílez J, Bulló M, Salas-Salvadó J. Improved Postprandial Response and Feeling of Satiety after Consumption of Low-Calorie Muffins with Maltitol and High-Amylose Corn Starch. J Food Sci 2007; 72:S407-11. [PMID: 17995698 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2007.00408.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Quílez
- Department de Tecnologia, Europastry, S.A., Ctra. Sarral a Barberà s/n, 43424-Sarral, Spain.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Unno T, Tago M, Suzuki Y, Nozawa A, Sagesaka YM, Kakuda T, Egawa K, Kondo K. Effect of tea catechins on postprandial plasma lipid responses in human subjects. Br J Nutr 2007; 93:543-7. [PMID: 15946418 DOI: 10.1079/bjn20041379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological surveys suggest that a higher intake of tea may be associated with a lower risk of CHD. There is accumulating evidence that postprandial lipaemia makes a substantial contribution to the incidence of CHD. Our aim was, therefore, to evaluate the effect of tea catechins (major ingredients in green tea) on postprandial lipid responses in human subjects after the consumption of test meals. In a randomized triple-crossover design, nine male subjects with mild or borderline hypertriacylglycerolaemia consumed 10 (control), 224 (moderate dose) and 674 mg (high dose) of the assigned tea catechins three times each along with a standardized light meal consisting of a piece of bread spread with 20 g butter. Plasma lipids were measured in the fasting state and 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 h after consuming the light meal. Results showed that, compared with the control, moderate and high doses of tea catechins reduced the incremental area under the plasma triacylglycerol curves by 15·1 and 28·7 %, respectively. Next, the rapid elevation of remnant-like particle cholesterol was significantly inhibited by a high dose of tea catechins 2 h after consuming the light meal (P<0·01). In the range of tea catechin dosages, no significant differences were observed in the postprandial responses for plasma total cholesterol or NEFA at any time point. In conclusion, this trial demonstrated that tea catechins attenuated the postprandial increase in plasma triacylglycerol levels following a fat load. These results may provide evidence for one of the possible mechanisms involved in lowering the incidence of CVD, and may prove useful in further studies on the beneficial health effects of tea drinking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Unno
- Central Research Institute, ITO EN, Ltd., Shizuoka 421-0516, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Berry SEE, Sanders TAB. Influence of triacylglycerol structure of stearic acid-rich fats on postprandial lipaemia. Proc Nutr Soc 2007; 64:205-12. [PMID: 15960865 DOI: 10.1079/pns2005422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Exaggerated postprandial lipaemia may increase the risk of CHD by contributing to both thrombotic and atherogenic processes. Previous research has focused on the quantity and composition of dietary fat, whereas the effect of triacylglycerol (TAG) structure on postprandial lipaemia and clotting factor VII activity has received little attention. TAG with similar fatty acid composition may have different biochemical and physical properties that are dependent on their TAG structure, and these differences may affect lipid metabolism. Recent findings suggest that differences in the physical properties of stearic acid-rich fats are associated with differences in postprandial lipaemia, and may play an important role in determining their rates of digestion and absorption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E E Berry
- Nutrition Food and Health Research Centre, King's College London, Franklin Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Pins JJ, Keenan JM. Dietary and Nutraceutical Options for Managing the Hypertriglyceridemic Patient. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 21:89-93. [PMID: 16760691 DOI: 10.1111/j.0889-7204.2006.01776.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Scientific evidence continues to accumulate regarding fasting serum triglycerides as an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease. In response, the National Cholesterol Education Program has revised the acceptable level of fasting triglycerides from <200 mg/dL to <150 mg/dL. A significant percentage of Americans suffer from hypertriglyceridemia, and considering the expanding numbers of individuals who are physically inactive, overweight, and suffering from the metabolic syndrome, it is expected that these numbers will continue to rise over the next decade. Fortunately, nutraceutical and lifestyle options have been shown to substantially and consistently reduce this risk factor. This review will focus on management options for the hypertriglyceridemic patient with an emphasis on nicotinic acid, pantethine, fish oils (eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids), and modified carbohydrate diets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joel J Pins
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Sanders TAB, Lewis F, Slaughter S, Griffin BA, Griffin M, Davies I, Millward DJ, Cooper JA, Miller GJ. Effect of varying the ratio of n-6 to n-3 fatty acids by increasing the dietary intake of alpha-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid, or both on fibrinogen and clotting factors VII and XII in persons aged 45-70 y: the OPTILIP study. Am J Clin Nutr 2006; 84:513-22. [PMID: 16960164 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/84.3.513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated fibrinogen, activated factor XII (FXIIa), and factor VII coagulant activity (FVIIc) are associated with higher risk of fatal ischemic heart disease. This study tested the hypothesis that lowering the dietary ratio of n-6 to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6:n-3) would modify these risk factors in older men and women. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to measure fasting hemostatic risk factors and postprandial changes in activated FVII (FVIIa) concentrations after a 6-mo alteration in dietary n-6:n-3. DESIGN In a randomized, parallel design in 258 subjects aged 45-70 y, we compared 4 diets providing 6% of energy as polyunsaturated fatty acids at an n-6:n-3 between 5:1 and 3:1 with a control diet that had an n-6:n-3 of 10:1. The diets were enriched in alpha-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acid, or both. RESULTS Fasting and 3-h plasma triacylglycerol concentrations were 11.1% and 7.2% lower with the diet that had an n-6:n-3 of approximately 3:1 and that was enriched with EPA and DHA than with the other diets. Fasting fibrinogen, FXIIa, FVIIc, FVIIa, and FVII antigen and postprandial FVIIa were not influenced by the diets. Avoiding foods high in fat the day before measurement decreased FVIIc and FVIIa by 8% and 19.2%, respectively. A test meal containing 50 g fat resulted in a mean 47% (95% CI: 42%, 52%) increase in FVIIa 6 h later, but the response did not differ by n-6:n-3. CONCLUSION Decreasing the n-6:n-3 to approximately 3:1 by increasing the intake of EPA and DHA lowers fasting and postprandial plasma triacylglycerol concentrations in older persons but does not influence hemostatic risk factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A B Sanders
- Nutritional Sciences Research Division, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ferrer-Martínez A, Marotta M, Turini M, Macé K, Gómez-Foix AM. Effect of sucrose and saturated-fat diets on mRNA levels of genes limiting muscle fatty acid and glucose supply in rats. Lipids 2006; 41:55-62. [PMID: 16555472 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-006-5070-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we examined whether the increased availability of lipids in blood resulting from two types of diet manipulation regulated metabolic gene expression in the skeletal muscle of rats. Feeding for 4 wk on an isocaloric-sucrose or a hypercaloric-fat diet increased plasma TAG in the fed condition by increments of 70 and 40%, respectively, and increased fasting insulinemia (approximately 3-fold) compared with a starch diet. The fat diet impaired glucose tolerance and caused obesity, whereas sucrose-fed rats maintained their normal weight. We analyzed the expression of genes that regulate the exogenous FA supply (LPL, FAT/CD36, FATP1), synthesis (ACC1), glucose (GLUT4, GLUT1, HK2, GFAT1, glycogen phosphorylase) or glycerol (glycerol kinase) provision, or substrate choice for oxidation (PDK4) in gastrocnemius and soleus muscles at the end of the glucose tolerance test. LPL, FAT/CD36, FATP1, PDK4, and GLUT4 mRNA as well as glycogen phosphorylase and glycerol kinase activity levels in both muscles were unchanged by the diets. Increased mRNA levels of GLUT1 (1.6- and 2.6-fold, respectively) and GFAT1 (about 1.7-fold) in gastrocnemius, and of ACC1 (about 1.5-fold) in soleus, were found in both the sucrose and fat groups. In the fat group, HK2 mRNA was also higher (1.8-fold) in the gastrocnemius. Both sucrose and saturated-fat diets prompted hyperinsulinemia and hyperlipemia in rats. These metabolic disturbances did not alter the expression of LPL, FAT/CD36, FATP1, PDK4, and GLUT4 genes or glycogen phosphorylase and glycerol kinase activity levels in either analyzed muscle. Instead, they were linked to the coordinated upregulation in gastrocnemius of genes that govern glucose uptake and the hexosamine pathway, namely, GLUT1 and GFAT1, which might contribute to insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreu Ferrer-Martínez
- Department de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Carr TP, Jesch ED. Food components that reduce cholesterol absorption. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2006; 51:165-204. [PMID: 17011476 DOI: 10.1016/s1043-4526(06)51003-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy P Carr
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
It has been suggested that fats rich in stearic acid may result in exaggerated postprandial lipemia and have adverse effects on hemostatic function. The effects of test meals containing different saturated and monounsaturated FA were compared in healthy subjects in a series of studies to investigate this hypothesis. Stearic acid, when present as cocoa butter, resulted in similar postprandial lipemia and factor VII activation compared with a meal containing high-oleic sunflower oil. Stearic acid when presented as shea butter or as randomized stearate-rich TAG resulted in decreased postprandial lipemia and decreased postprandial activation of factor VII. Stearic acid-rich test meals did not result in impaired fibrinolytic activity compared with either a low-fat meal or a meal high in oleate. The difference in responses between the different stearic acid-rich fats appears to be due to varying solid fat contents of the fats at 37 degrees C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A B Sanders
- Nutritional Sciences Research Division, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, England.
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Schoppen S, Pérez-Granados AM, Carbajal A, Sarriá B, Sánchez-Muniz FJ, Gómez-Gerique JA, Pilar Vaquero M. Sodium bicarbonated mineral water decreases postprandial lipaemia in postmenopausal women compared to a low mineral water. Br J Nutr 2005; 94:582-7. [PMID: 16197584 DOI: 10.1079/bjn20051515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The role of bicarbonated mineral waters on lipid metabolism and lipoprotein concentrations in man has scarcely been investigated. The present study aimed to investigate whether drinking sodium bicarbonated mineral water affects postprandial cholesterol and triacylglycerol metabolism in postmenopausal women. In a three-way, randomised, crossover study, eighteen healthy postmenopausal women consumed two sodium bicarbonated mineral waters (bicarbonated mineral water 1 and bicarbonated mineral water 2) and a low mineral water (500 ml of each) with a standard fat-rich meal (4552 kJ; 75.3 g fat). The bicarbonated waters were rich in sodium and bicarbonate and bicarbonated mineral water 1 contained 5.7 times more fluoride than bicarbonated mineral water 2. Fasting blood samples and postprandial blood samples were taken at 30, 60, 120, 240, 360 and 420 min after the end of the meal consumption. Cholesterol and triacylglycerols were determined in serum and chylomicrons. A significant water consumption effect was observed in the total area under the curve (TAUC) of serum and chylomicron triacylglycerols (ANOVA, P=0.008 and P=0.027, respectively). TAUC of serum triacylglycerols for bicarbonated mineral water 2 was significantly lower compared to low mineral water (Bonferroni, P=0.039). Peak concentration of serum triacylglycerols showed a significant water effect (P=0.025). Changes in chylomicron cholesterol were not significantly affected by the type of water. Bicarbonated mineral waters 1 and 2 did not show any significant differences. Drinking sodium bicarbonate-rich mineral waters reduces postprandial lipaemia in healthy postmenopausal women compared to drinking a low mineral water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Schoppen
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Instituto del Frío, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), C/José Antonio Novais, 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Duttaroy AK. Postprandial activation of hemostatic factors: role of dietary fatty acids. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2005; 72:381-91. [PMID: 15919609 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2005.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2004] [Revised: 01/05/2005] [Accepted: 03/30/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Intake of dietary fat is an important determinant of the plasma concentration of triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins, and the degree of alimentary lipemia is reported to have effects on hemostatic status including platelet function. Although association between the amount of dietary fat intake, lipemic response and certain cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors (VIIa and PAI-1) has been reported, the significance of the fatty acid composition of ingested fat for the postprandial lipid concentrations and the hemostatic factors is still unclear. Accumulating evidence suggests a relationship between dietary fatty acids and emerging hemostatic CVD risk factors, although much of this evidence is incomplete or conflicting. In order to improve our knowledge in this area, sufficient sample size in future studies are required to take into account of the genetic variation (gene polymorphisms for VII, PAI-1), sex, physical activity, stage of life factors, and sufficient duration to account for adaptation for definitive conclusions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asim K Duttaroy
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, POB 1046 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Argmann CA, Cock TA, Auwerx J. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma: the more the merrier? Eur J Clin Invest 2005; 35:82-92; discussion 80. [PMID: 15667578 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2005.01456.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The consequence of activating the nuclear hormone receptor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), which coordinates adipocyte differentiation, validates the concept, 'you are what you eat'. Excessive caloric intake leads to fat formation if the energy from these nutrients is not expended. However, this evolutionary adaptation to store energy in fat, which can be released under the form of fatty acids, potent PPARgamma agonists, has become a disadvantage in today's affluent society as it results in numerous metabolic imbalances, collectively known as the metabolic syndrome. With the surge of human and genetic studies on PPARgamma function, the limitations to the benefits of PPARgamma signalling have been realized. It is now evident that the most effective strategy for resetting the balance of this thrifty gene is through its modulation rather than full activation, with the goal to improve glucose homeostasis while preventing adipogenesis. Finally, as more PPARgamma targeted pathways are revealed such as bone homeostasis, atherosclerosis and longevity, it is most certain that the PPARgamma thrifty gene hypothesis will evolve to incorporate these.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C A Argmann
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/Université Louis Pasteur, 1 rue Laurent Fries, F-67404 Illkirch, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Cock TA, Houten SM, Auwerx J. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma: too much of a good thing causes harm. EMBO Rep 2004; 5:142-7. [PMID: 14755307 PMCID: PMC1298993 DOI: 10.1038/sj.embor.7400082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2003] [Accepted: 12/17/2003] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) helps to translate 'what you eat' into 'what you are' because it allows dietary fatty acids (PPARgamma ligands) to modulate gene transcription. Treatments for diabetes include PPARgamma activators, as they sensitize the body to insulin. Our understanding of PPARgamma function has recently been enhanced by a flurry of human and mouse genetic studies, and the characterization of new PPARgamma ligands. This insight has led us to propose that modulating PPARgamma activity, rather than activating it, might be the most effective strategy for treating metabolic disorders, as this will improve glucose homeostasis while preventing adipogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Terrie-Anne Cock
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/Université Louis Pasteur, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Sander M. Houten
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/Université Louis Pasteur, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/Université Louis Pasteur, 67404 Illkirch, France
- Institut Clinique de la Souris, Génopole Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France
- Tel: +33 38 865 3425; Fax: +33 38 865 3201;
| |
Collapse
|