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Bai X, Wang S, Shu L, Cao Q, Hu H, Zhu Y, Chen C. Hawthorn leaf flavonoids alleviate the deterioration of atherosclerosis by inhibiting SCAP-SREBP2-LDLR pathway through sPLA2-ⅡA signaling in macrophages in mice. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 327:118006. [PMID: 38442806 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Hawthorn leaves are a combination of the dried leaves of the Rosaceae plants, i.e., Crataegus pinnatifida Bge. or Crataegus pinnatifida Bge. var. major N. E. Br., is primarily cultivated in East Asia, North America, and Europe. hawthorn leaf flavonoids (HLF) are the main part of extraction. The HLF have demonstrated potential in preventing hypertension, inflammation, hyperlipidemia, and atherosclerosis. However, the potential pharmacological mechanism behind its anti-atherosclerotic effect has yet to be explored. AIM OF THE STUDY The in vivo and in vitro effects of HLF on lipid-mediated foam cell formation were investigated, with a specific focus on the levels of secreted phospholipase A2 type IIA (sPLA2-II A) in macrophage cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS The primary constituents of HLF were analyzed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. In vivo, HLF, at concentrations of 5 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg, and 40 mg/kg, were administered to apolipoprotein E knockout mice (ApoE-/-) fed by high-fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks. Aorta and serum samples were collected to identify lesion areas and lipids through mass spectrometry analysis to dissect the pathological process. RAW264.7 cells were incubated with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) alone, or ox-LDL combined with different doses of HLF (100, 50, and 25 μg/ml), or ox-LDL plus 24-h sPLA2-IIA inhibitors, for cell biology analysis. Lipids and inflammatory cytokines were detected using biochemical analyzers and ELISA, while plaque size and collagen content of plaque were assessed by HE and the Masson staining of the aorta. The lipid deposition in macrophages was observed by Oil Red O staining. The expression of sPLA2-IIA and SCAP-SREBP2-LDLR was determined by RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis. RESULTS The chemical profile of HLF was studied using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS, allowing the tentative identification of 20 compounds, comprising 1 phenolic acid, 9 flavonols and 10 flavones, including isovitexin, vitexin-4″-O-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-robibioside, rutin, vitexin-2″-O-rhamnoside, quercetin, etc. HLF decreased total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) levels in ApoE-/- mice (P < 0.05), reduced ox-LDL uptake, inhibited level of inflammatory factors, such as IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and IL-1ꞵ (P < 0.001), and alleviated aortic plaques with a thicker fibrous cap. HLF effectively attenuated foam cell formation in ox-LDL-treated RAW264.7 macrophages, and reduced levels of intracellular TC, free cholesterol (FC), cholesteryl ester (CE), IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β (P < 0.001). In both in vivo and in vitro experiments, HLF significantly downregulated the expression of sPLA2-IIA, SCAP, SREBP2, LDLR, HMGCR, and LOX-1 (P < 0.05). Furthermore, sPLA2-IIA inhibitor effectively mitigated inflammatory release in RAW264.7 macrophages and regulated SCAP-SREBP2-LDLR signaling pathway by inhibiting sPLA2-IIA secretion (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION HLF exerted a protective effect against atherosclerosis through inhibiting sPLA2-IIA to diminish SCAP-SREBP2-LDLR signaling pathway, to reduce LDL uptake caused foam cell formation, and to slow down the progression of atherosclerosis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufeng Bai
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Shuwen Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Limei Shu
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Qingyu Cao
- College of Pharmacy, Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330052, China
| | - Huiming Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330052, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Quality Evaluation on Anti-Inflammatory Chinese Herbs, Jiangxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi, 330052, China; School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia.
| | - Yanchen Zhu
- College of Computer Science, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, China.
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia.
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Chen Y, Wei Y, Tang W. The role of hydrogen in the prevention and treatment of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 972:176586. [PMID: 38615891 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Coronary atherosclerotic heart disease (CHD) is a primary cardiovascular disease caused by atherosclerosis (AS), which is characterized by chronic inflammation and lipid oxidative deposition. Molecular hydrogen (H2) is an effective anti-inflammatory agent and has potential to ameliorate glycolipid metabolism disorders, which is believed to exert beneficial effects on the prevention and treatment of CHD. It is suggested that H2 reduces inflammation in CHD by regulating multiple pathways, including NF-κB inflammatory pathway, pyroptosis, mitophagy, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and Nrf2 antioxidant pathway. Additionally, H2 may improve glycolipid metabolism by mediation of PI3K and AMPK signalling pathways, contributing to inhibition of the occurrence and development of CHD. This review elaborates pathogenesis of CHD and evaluates the role of H2 in CHD. Moreover, possible molecular mechanisms have been discussed and speculated, aiming to provide more strategies and directions for subsequent studies of H2 in CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxi Chen
- Research Institute of Heart Failure, Research Center for Translational Medicine & Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200120, PR China
| | - Youzhen Wei
- Hydrogen Medicine Center, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian, Shandong, 271000, PR China; Research Center for Translational Medicine, Jinan People's Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 271100, PR China.
| | - Wenjie Tang
- Research Institute of Heart Failure, Research Center for Translational Medicine & Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200120, PR China; Research Institute of Regenerative Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University, 1800 Yuntai Road, Shanghai, 200123, PR China.
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Zhao Y, Yang HZ, Li H, Liang S, Wang M, Li CD, Zhuo D, Fan F, Guo M, Lv X, Zhang L, Chen X, Li SS, Jin X. Early statin exposure influences cardiac and skeletal development with implications for ion channel transcriptomes in zebrafish. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 280:109905. [PMID: 38522713 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.109905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Statins, widely prescribed for cholesterol management by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway, may also influence vertebrate development. In this study, we investigated the developmental effects of two widely used statins, atorvastatin (ATO) and pravastatin (PRA), on zebrafish offspring. For ATO, we administered doses classified as low (1 μM), medium (5 μM), and high (10 μM), while for PRA, the corresponding concentrations were set at low (18 μM), medium (180 μM), and high (270 μM). Our results showed significant reductions in birth and hatching rates, along with decreased body length in offspring at all ATO concentrations and medium to high PRA concentrations. A notable increase in malformation rates, especially in the spine and heart, was observed across all ATO treatments and in medium and high PRA groups. Additionally, we observed reduced heart contraction rates, decreased heart size, lower bone volumes, and diminished expression of mRNA osteogenic markers. Elevated venous sinus-artery bulb (SV-BA) ratios, increased thoracic area, and abnormal cartilage development were also prominent in all ATO-treated groups. Transcriptome analysis revealed alterations in genes predominantly associated with ion channels. These findings provide insights into the potential impacts of specific concentrations of statins on offspring development and highlight potential gene interactions with statins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhao
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Huinan Li
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, Tianjin, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, Tianjin, China
| | - Chun-Di Li
- Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, Tianjin, China
| | - Donghai Zhuo
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Feifei Fan
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Miao Guo
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinxin Lv
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lingzhu Zhang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xu Chen
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Tianjin, China.
| | - Shan-Shan Li
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Xin Jin
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Tianjin, China.
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Raja Xavier JP, Rianna C, Hellwich E, Nikolou I, Lankapalli AK, Brucker SY, Singh Y, Lang F, Schäffer TE, Salker MS. Excessive endometrial PlGF- Rac1 signalling underlies endometrial cell stiffness linked to pre-eclampsia. Commun Biol 2024; 7:530. [PMID: 38704457 PMCID: PMC11069541 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06220-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell stiffness is regulated by dynamic interaction between ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) and p21 protein-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) proteins, besides other biochemical and molecular regulators. In this study, we investigated how the Placental Growth Factor (PlGF) changes endometrial mechanics by modifying the actin cytoskeleton at the maternal interface. We explored the global effects of PlGF in endometrial stromal cells (EnSCs) using the concerted approach of proteomics, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Proteomic analysis shows PlGF upregulated RhoGTPases activating proteins and extracellular matrix organization-associated proteins in EnSCs. Rac1 and PAK1 transcript levels, activity, and actin polymerization were significantly increased with PlGF treatment. AFM further revealed an increase in cell stiffness with PlGF treatment. The additive effect of PlGF on actin polymerization was suppressed with siRNA-mediated inhibition of Rac1, PAK1, and WAVE2. Interestingly, the increase in cell stiffness by PlGF treatment was pharmacologically reversed with pravastatin, resulting in improved trophoblast cell invasion. Taken together, aberrant PlGF levels in the endometrium can contribute to an altered pre-pregnancy maternal microenvironment and offer a unifying explanation for the pathological changes observed in conditions such as pre-eclampsia (PE).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carmela Rianna
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Emily Hellwich
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Iliana Nikolou
- Department of Women's Health, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Sara Y Brucker
- Department of Women's Health, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yogesh Singh
- Department of Women's Health, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tilman E Schäffer
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Madhuri S Salker
- Department of Women's Health, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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Tolstik TV, Kirichenko TV, Markin AM, Bogatyreva AI, Markina YV, Kiseleva DG, Shaposhnikova NN, Starodubova AV, Orekhov AN. The association of TNF-alpha secretion and mtDNA copy number in CD14 + monocytes of patients with obesity and CHD. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1362955. [PMID: 38572445 PMCID: PMC10987863 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1362955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mitochondrial dysfunction may be one of the causes of inflammatory activation of monocytes and macrophages, which leads to excessive secretion of inflammatory mediators and the development of chronic inflammation. Aims The study was aimed to evaluate the secretion of inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the primary culture of monocytes, and to analyze its relationship with the number of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copies in the blood of patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and obesity. Materials and methods 108 patients with obesity and concomitant CHD and a control group of 25 participants were included in the study. CD14+ monocytes were isolated by a standard method in a ficoll-urographin gradient, followed by separation using magnetic particles. The number of mtDNA copies was estimated using qPCR. Results It was demonstrated that the number of mtDNA copies was significantly increased in groups of patients with CHD and obesity + CHD in comparison with control group. mtDNA copy number positively correlated with basal and LPS-stimulated TNF-α secretion, the most significant correlation was found in the group of patients with CHD and obesity. Conclusion Thus, the change in mtDNA copy number in CD14+ monocytes which indicates the presence of mitochondrial dysfunction, confirm the direct involvement of mitochondria in the violation of the inflammatory response of monocytes revealed in this study as an increased secretion of inflammatory cytokine TNF-α.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tatiana V. Kirichenko
- Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery, Moscow, Russia
- Chazov National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander M. Markin
- Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery, Moscow, Russia
- Рeoples’ Friendship University of Russia Named After Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Diana G. Kiseleva
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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Domingo E, Marques P, Francisco V, Piqueras L, Sanz MJ. Targeting systemic inflammation in metabolic disorders. A therapeutic candidate for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases? Pharmacol Res 2024; 200:107058. [PMID: 38218355 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. While many factors can contribute to CVD, atherosclerosis is the cardinal underlying pathology, and its development is associated with several metabolic risk factors including dyslipidemia and obesity. Recent studies have definitively demonstrated a link between low-grade systemic inflammation and two relevant metabolic abnormalities: hypercholesterolemia and obesity. Interestingly, both metabolic disorders are also associated with endothelial dysfunction/activation, a proinflammatory and prothrombotic phenotype of the endothelium that involves leukocyte infiltration into the arterial wall, one of the earliest stages of atherogenesis. This article reviews the current literature on the intricate relationship between hypercholesterolemia and obesity and the associated systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, and discusses the effectiveness of present, emerging and in-development pharmacological therapies used to treat these metabolic disorders with a focus on their effects on the associated systemic inflammatory state and cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Domingo
- Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Patrice Marques
- Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vera Francisco
- Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Laura Piqueras
- Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; CIBERDEM, Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Spain.
| | - Maria-Jesus Sanz
- Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; CIBERDEM, Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Spain.
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Zhang L, Wang F, Xia K, Yu Z, Fu Y, Huang T, Fan D. Unlocking the Medicinal Mysteries: Preventing Lacunar Stroke with Drug Repurposing. Biomedicines 2023; 12:17. [PMID: 38275377 PMCID: PMC10813761 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, only the general control of the risk factors is known to prevent lacunar cerebral infarction, but it is unknown which type of medication for controlling the risk factors has a causal relationship with reducing the risk of lacunar infarction. To unlock this medical mystery, drug-target Mendelian randomization analysis was applied to estimate the effect of common antihypertensive agents, hypolipidemic agents, and hypoglycemic agents on lacunar stroke. Lacunar stroke data for the transethnic analysis were derived from meta-analyses comprising 7338 cases and 254,798 controls. We have confirmed that genetic variants mimicking calcium channel blockers were found to most stably prevent lacunar stroke. The genetic variants at or near HMGCR, NPC1L1, and APOC3 were predicted to decrease lacunar stroke incidence in drug-target MR analysis. These variants mimic the effects of statins, ezetimibe, and antisense anti-apoC3 agents, respectively. Genetically proxied GLP1R agonism had a marginal effect on lacunar stroke, while a genetically proxied improvement in overall glycemic control was associated with reduced lacunar stroke risk. Here, we show that certain categories of drugs currently used in clinical practice can more effectively reduce the risk of stroke. Repurposing several drugs with well-established safety and low costs for lacunar stroke prevention should be given high priority when doctors are making decisions in clinical practice. This may contribute to healthier brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjing Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; (L.Z.); (F.W.); (K.X.); (Z.Y.); (Y.F.)
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; (L.Z.); (F.W.); (K.X.); (Z.Y.); (Y.F.)
| | - Kailin Xia
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; (L.Z.); (F.W.); (K.X.); (Z.Y.); (Y.F.)
| | - Zhou Yu
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; (L.Z.); (F.W.); (K.X.); (Z.Y.); (Y.F.)
| | - Yu Fu
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; (L.Z.); (F.W.); (K.X.); (Z.Y.); (Y.F.)
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; (L.Z.); (F.W.); (K.X.); (Z.Y.); (Y.F.)
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Center for Intelligent Public Health, Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Dongsheng Fan
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; (L.Z.); (F.W.); (K.X.); (Z.Y.); (Y.F.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biomarker and Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, National Health Commission/Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Gao Y, Li Y, Chen X, Wu C, Guo Z, Bai G, Liu T, Li G. The Systemic Inflammation Index Predicts Poor Clinical Prognosis in Patients with Initially Diagnosed Acute Coronary Syndrome Undergoing Primary Coronary Angiography. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:5205-5219. [PMID: 38026253 PMCID: PMC10655605 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s435398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Systemic inflammation index (SII: neutrophil count * platelet count/lymphocyte count) is a new inflammatory marker that can reflect the degree of systemic inflammatory response after coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the predictive value of the SII for clinical prognosis in patients with initially diagnosed acute coronary syndrome (ACS) has yet to be thoroughly studied. Patients and Methods Patients with initially diagnosed ACS who underwent primary coronary angiography in our hospital from January 2019 to April 2021 were included in this study. 757 patients with ACS who underwent primary coronary angiography were enrolled. According to the baseline SII level, the patients were divided into a high SII group and a low SII group. The primary endpoint was major cardiovascular events (MACEs), defined as cardiac death, non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI), and non-fatal stroke. Results At a median follow-up of 33.9 months, 140 (18.5%) MACEs were recorded. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that SII's best cut-off value for predicting MACEs was 713.9*109/L. Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis showed that the survival rate of the low SII group was higher than the high SII group (P<0.001). Compared with the low SII group, the risk of MACEs was significantly increased in the high SII group (89 cases (33.3%) vs.51 patients (10.4%), P<0.001). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis manifested that high SII level was independently associated with the occurrence of MACEs in patients with ACS undergoing primary coronary angiography (adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 2.915, 95% confidence interval (CI%): 1.830-4.641, P<0.001). Adding SII to the conventional risk factor model improved the predictive value of MACEs. Conclusion This study showed that elevated SII was associated with adverse cardiovascular prognosis in patients with ACS undergoing primary coronary angiography, making SII a valuable predictor of poor prognosis in patients with ACS undergoing primary coronary angiography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Logic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuqing Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Logic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaolin Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Logic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen Wu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziqiang Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Logic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, People’s Republic of China
| | - Geng Bai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Logic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tong Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Logic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guangping Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Logic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, People’s Republic of China
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Li Y, Bai G, Gao Y, Guo Z, Chen X, Liu T, Li G. The Systemic Immune Inflammatory Response Index Can Predict the Clinical Prognosis of Patients with Initially Diagnosed Coronary Artery Disease. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:5069-5082. [PMID: 37936598 PMCID: PMC10627051 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s432506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recently, the systemic immune inflammatory response index (SIIRI), a novel and expanded inflammatory response marker, has been an independent predictor of lesion severity in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, its predictive role in patients with initially diagnosed coronary artery disease (CAD) remains to be explored. Patients and Methods We evaluated 959 patients with CAD undergoing an initial coronary intervention. Each patient had laboratory measurements, including blood cell counts, taken after admission and before interventional treatment. The primary endpoint was major cardiovascular events (MACEs), defined as cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction(MI), and nonfatal stroke. The secondary endpoints included MACEs and readmission for congestive heart failure(HF). Results During a mean follow-up period of 33.3±9.9 months, 229 (23.9%) MACEs were recorded. ROC curve analysis displayed that the best cut-off value of SIIRI for predicting MACEs was 247.17*1018/L2. Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis showed that the survival rate of the low SIIRI group was higher than that of the high SIIRI group (P<0.001). Compared with the low SIIRI group, the high SIIRI group had a significantly higher risk of MACEs (187 cases (39.53%) vs.42 patients (8.64%), P<0.001). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses displayed that high SIIRI levels were independently associated with the occurrence of MACEs in patients with initially diagnosed CAD undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) (adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 3.808, 95% confidence interval [CI%]: 2.643-5.486, P<0.001). Adding SIIRI to conventional risk factor models improved the predictive value of MACEs. Conclusion Elevated SIIRI is associated with adverse cardiovascular prognosis in patients with initially diagnosed CAD. SIIRI can be a simple and practical index to identify high-risk patients with CAD after PCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Logic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, People’s Republic of China
| | - Geng Bai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Logic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Logic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziqiang Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Logic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaolin Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Logic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tong Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Logic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guangping Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Logic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, People’s Republic of China
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Oostveen RF, Kaiser Y, Ståhle MR, Nurmohamed NS, Tzolos E, Dweck MR, Kroon J, Murphy AJ, Dey D, Slomka PJ, Verberne HJ, Stroes ESG, Hanssen NMJ. Atorvastatin lowers 68Ga-DOTATATE uptake in coronary arteries, bone marrow and spleen in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2023; 66:2164-2169. [PMID: 37581619 PMCID: PMC10542709 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-05990-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Inflammation is a core component of residual cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes. With new anti-inflammatory therapeutics entering the field, accurate markers to evaluate their effectiveness in reducing cardiovascular disease are paramount. Gallium-68-labelled DOTATATE (68Ga-DOTATATE) has recently been proposed as a more specific marker of arterial wall inflammation than 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG). This study set out to investigate whether 68Ga-DOTATATE uptake is amenable to therapeutic intervention in individuals with type 2 diabetes. METHODS Individuals aged >50 years with type 2 diabetes underwent 68Ga-DOTATATE positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) at baseline and after 3 months treatment with atorvastatin 40 mg once daily. Primary outcome was the difference in coronary 68Ga-DOTATATE uptake, expressed as target-to-background ratio (TBR). The secondary outcome was difference in bone marrow and splenic uptake, expressed as the standardised uptake value (SUV). RESULTS Twenty-two individuals with type 2 diabetes (mean age 63.2±6.4 years, 82% male, LDL-cholesterol 3.42±0.81 mmol/l, HbA1c 55±12 mmol/mol [7.2%±3.2%]) completed both 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT scans. The maximum TBR was -31% (95% CI -50, -12) lower in the coronary arteries, and bone marrow and splenic 68Ga-DOTATATE uptake was also significantly lower post statin treatment, with a mean percentage reduction of -15% (95% CI -27, -4) and -17% (95% CI -32, -2), respectively. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION 68Ga-DOTATATE uptake across the cardio-haematopoietic axis was lower after statin therapy in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, 68Ga-DOTATATE is promising as a metric for vascular and haematopoietic inflammation in intervention studies using anti-inflammatory therapeutics in individuals with type 2 diabetes. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05730634.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reindert F Oostveen
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yannick Kaiser
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mia R Ståhle
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nick S Nurmohamed
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Free University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Evangelos Tzolos
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Marc R Dweck
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jeffrey Kroon
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Andrew J Murphy
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Damini Dey
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Piotr J Slomka
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hein J Verberne
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Erik S G Stroes
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nordin M J Hanssen
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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11
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Lin W, Zhao XY, Cheng JW, Li LT, Jiang Q, Zhang YX, Han F. Signaling pathways in brain ischemia: Mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 251:108541. [PMID: 37783348 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke occurs when the arteries supplying blood to the brain are narrowed or blocked, inducing damage to brain tissue due to a lack of blood supply. One effective way to reduce brain damage and alleviate symptoms is to reopen blocked blood vessels in a timely manner and reduce neuronal damage. To achieve this, researchers have focused on identifying key cellular signaling pathways that can be targeted with drugs. These pathways include oxidative/nitrosative stress, excitatory amino acids and their receptors, inflammatory signaling molecules, metabolic pathways, ion channels, and other molecular events involved in stroke pathology. However, evidence suggests that solely focusing on protecting neurons may not yield satisfactory clinical results. Instead, researchers should consider the multifactorial and complex mechanisms underlying stroke pathology, including the interactions between different components of the neurovascular unit. Such an approach is more representative of the actual pathological process observed in clinical settings. This review summarizes recent research on the multiple molecular mechanisms and drug targets in ischemic stroke, as well as recent advances in novel therapeutic strategies. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future prospects of new strategies based on the biological characteristics of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Lin
- Medical Basic Research Innovation Center for Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, China; International Joint Laboratory for Drug Target of Critical Illnesses, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Zhao
- Medical Basic Research Innovation Center for Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, China; International Joint Laboratory for Drug Target of Critical Illnesses, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jia-Wen Cheng
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Li-Tao Li
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei, China
| | - Quan Jiang
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Yi-Xuan Zhang
- Medical Basic Research Innovation Center for Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, China; International Joint Laboratory for Drug Target of Critical Illnesses, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215002, China.
| | - Feng Han
- Medical Basic Research Innovation Center for Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, China; International Joint Laboratory for Drug Target of Critical Illnesses, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215002, China; Institute of Brain Science, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
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12
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Zhang D, Wang X, Du W, Qin W, Chen W, Zuo X, Li P. Impact of statin treatment and exposure on the risk of chronic allograft dysfunction in Chinese lung transplant recipients. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2023; 82:102243. [PMID: 37454870 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2023.102243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) was a common complication following lung transplantation that contributed to long-term morbidity and mortality. Statin therapy had been suggested to attenuate recipient inflammation and immune response, potentially reducing the risk and severity of CLAD. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of statin use and in vivo exposure on the incidence of CLAD in lung transplant recipients (LTRs), as well as their effects on immune cells and inflammatory factors. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted on patients who underwent lung transplantation between January 2017 and December 2020. The incidence of CLAD, as per the 2019 ISHLT criteria, was assessed as the clinical outcome. The plasma concentrations of statin were measured using a validated UPLC-MS/MS method, while inflammation marker levels were determined using ELISA kits. RESULTS The statin group exhibited a significantly lower rate of CLAD (P = 0.002). Patients receiving statin therapy showed lower CD4+ T-cell counts, total T-lymphocyte counts, and IL-6 levels (P = 0.017, P = 0.048, and P = 0.038, respectively). Among the CLAD groups, the atorvastatin level (2.51 ± 1.31 ng/ml) was significantly lower than that in the non-CLAD group (OR = 1.438, 95%CI (1.007-2.053), P = 0.046). CONCLUSION Statin therapy significantly reduced the incidence of CLAD, as well as immune cell counts and inflammatory cytokine levels in LTRs. Although the statin exposure was significantly lower in CLAD patients, it was not associated with the incidence of CLAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xiaoxing Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Wenwen Du
- Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Wei Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Wenqian Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xianbo Zuo
- Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China; Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Pengmei Li
- Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China.
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Ye X, Wang S, Liu X, Wu Q, Lv Y, Lv Q, Li J, Li L, Yang Y. Effects of PCSK9 inhibitors on coronary microcirculation, inflammation and cardiac function in patients with CHD after PCI: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e074067. [PMID: 37723117 PMCID: PMC10510950 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-074067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Coronary heart disease (CHD) is one of the common cardiovascular diseases that seriously jeopardise human health, and endothelial inflammation and dyslipidaemia are the initiating links leading to its occurrence. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is one of the most effective surgical treatments for CHD with narrowed or blocked blood vessels, which can quickly unblock the blocked vessels and restore coronary blood supply. However, most patients may experience coronary microcirculation disorders (CMDs) and decreased cardiac function after PCI treatment, which directly affects the efficacy of PCI and the prognosis of patients. Preprotein converting enzyme subtilisin/Kexin 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors are novel pleiotropy lipid-lowering drug with dual anti-inflammation and lipid-lowering effects, and represent a new clinical pathway for rapid correction of dyslipidaemia. Therefore, we designed this protocol to systematically evaluate the effects of PCSK9 inhibitors on coronary microcirculation and cardiac function in patients with CHD after PCI, and to provide high-quality evidence-based evidence for the clinical application of PCSK9 inhibitors. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This protocol is reported strictly in accordance with the 2020 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses Protocols Guidelines. We will search PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and three Chinese databases (CNKI, Wanfang and VIP database) according to preset search strategies, without language and publication data restrictions. We will work with manual retrieval to screen references that have been included in the literature. Google Scholar will be used to search for grey literature. The final included literature must meet the established inclusion criteria. Titles, abstracts and full text will be extracted independently by two reviewers, and disagreements will be resolved through discussion or the involvement of a third reviewer. Extracted data will be analysed using Review Manager V.5.3. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool will be used to evaluate the risk of bias. Publication bias will be assessed by funnel plots. Heterogeneity will be assessed by I2 test and subgroup analyses will be used to further investigate potential sources of heterogeneity. The quality of the literature will be assessed by GRADE score. This protocol will start in January 2026 and end in December 2030. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study is a systematic review of published literature data and no special ethical approval was required. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42022346189.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Ye
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shihan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | | | - Qian Wu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfei Lv
- Shanghai Qianhe Technology Co LTD, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianyu Lv
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junjia Li
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lanlan Li
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingtian Yang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Lin YF, Li MH, Huang RH, Zhang SZ, Xu XF, Zhou HM, Liu MH, Liao XX, Liao LZ, Guo Y, Zhuang XD. GP73 enhances the ox-LDL-induced inflammatory response in THP-1 derived macrophages via affecting NLRP3 inflammasome signaling. Int J Cardiol 2023; 387:131109. [PMID: 37271284 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2023.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease with its molecular basis incompletely understood. Here, we determined whether the Golgi phosphoprotein 73 (GP73), a novel protein highly related to inflammation and disrupted lipid metabolism, was involved in the development of atherosclerosis. METHODS Public microarray databases of human vascular samples were analyzed for expression patterns. Apolipoprotein-E-gene-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice (8-week-old) were randomly assigned to either a chow diet group or a high-fat diet group. The levels of serum GP73, lipid profiles and key inflammatory cytokines were determined by ELISA. The aortic root plaque was isolated and used for by Oil Red O staining. PMA-differentiated THP-1 macrophages were transfected with GP73 small interfering RNA (siRNA) or infected with adenovirus expressing GP73, and then stimulated with oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL). The expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines and signal pathway key targets were determined by ELISA kit and Western blot respectively. In addition, ichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) was used to measure the intracellular ROS levels. RESULTS The expressions of GP73 and NLRP3 were substantially upregulated in human atherosclerotic lesions. There were significant linear correlations between GP73 and inflammatory cytokines expressions. High-fat diet-induced atherosclerosis and increased levels of plasma inflammatory mediators (IL-1β, IL-18, and TNF-α) were observed in ApoE-/- mice. Besides, the expressions of GP73 in the aorta and serum were significantly upregulated and positively correlated with the NLRP3 expression. In the THP-1 derived macrophages, ox-LDL treatment upregulated the expressions of GP73 and NLRP3 proteins and activated the inflammatory responses in a concentration-dependent and time-dependent manner. Silencing of GP73 attenuated the inflammatory response and rescued the decreased migration induced by ox-LDL, inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome signaling and the ROS and p-NF-κB activation. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that GP73 promoted the ox-LDL-induced inflammation in macrophages by affecting the NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling, and may play a role in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fen Lin
- Cardiology department, first affiliated hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Miao-Hong Li
- Cardiology department, first affiliated hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Ri-Hua Huang
- Cardiology department, first affiliated hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Shao-Zhao Zhang
- Cardiology department, first affiliated hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Xing-Feng Xu
- Cardiology department, first affiliated hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Hui-Min Zhou
- Cardiology department, first affiliated hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Meng-Hui Liu
- Cardiology department, first affiliated hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Xin-Xue Liao
- Cardiology department, first affiliated hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Li-Zhen Liao
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Light and Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Yue Guo
- Cardiology department, first affiliated hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Xiao-Dong Zhuang
- Cardiology department, first affiliated hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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15
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Jing J, Guo J, Dai R, Zhu C, Zhang Z. Targeting gut microbiota and immune crosstalk: potential mechanisms of natural products in the treatment of atherosclerosis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1252907. [PMID: 37719851 PMCID: PMC10504665 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1252907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory reaction that primarily affects large and medium-sized arteries. It is a major cause of cardiovascular disease and peripheral arterial occlusive disease. The pathogenesis of AS involves specific structural and functional alterations in various populations of vascular cells at different stages of the disease. The immune response is involved throughout the entire developmental stage of AS, and targeting immune cells presents a promising avenue for its treatment. Over the past 2 decades, studies have shown that gut microbiota (GM) and its metabolites, such as trimethylamine-N-oxide, have a significant impact on the progression of AS. Interestingly, it has also been reported that there are complex mechanisms of action between GM and their metabolites, immune responses, and natural products that can have an impact on AS. GM and its metabolites regulate the functional expression of immune cells and have potential impacts on AS. Natural products have a wide range of health properties, and researchers are increasingly focusing on their role in AS. Now, there is compelling evidence that natural products provide an alternative approach to improving immune function in the AS microenvironment by modulating the GM. Natural product metabolites such as resveratrol, berberine, curcumin, and quercetin may improve the intestinal microenvironment by modulating the relative abundance of GM, which in turn influences the accumulation of GM metabolites. Natural products can delay the progression of AS by regulating the metabolism of GM, inhibiting the migration of monocytes and macrophages, promoting the polarization of the M2 phenotype of macrophages, down-regulating the level of inflammatory factors, regulating the balance of Treg/Th17, and inhibiting the formation of foam cells. Based on the above, we describe recent advances in the use of natural products that target GM and immune cells crosstalk to treat AS, which may bring some insights to guide the treatment of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Jing
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Rui Dai
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Chaojun Zhu
- Institute of TCM Ulcers, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Surgical Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhaohui Zhang
- Institute of TCM Ulcers, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Surgical Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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16
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Burgess V, Maya JD. Statin and aspirin use in parasitic infections as a potential therapeutic strategy: A narrative review. Rev Argent Microbiol 2023; 55:278-288. [PMID: 37019801 DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2023.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections, including zoonoses, constitute a threat to human health due to the spread of resistant pathogens. These diseases generate an inflammatory response controlled by a resolving mechanism involving specialized membrane lipid-derived molecules called lipoxins, resolvins, maresins, and protectins. The production of some of these molecules can be triggered by aspirin or statins. Thus, it is proposed that modulation of the host response could be a useful therapeutic strategy, contributing to the management of resistance to antiparasitic agents or preventing drift to chronic, host-damaging courses. Therefore, the present work presents the state of the art on the use of statins or aspirin for the experimental management of parasitic infections such as Chagas disease, leishmaniasis, toxoplasmosis or malaria. The methodology used was a narrative review covering original articles from the last seven years, 38 of which met the inclusion criteria. Based on the publications consulted, modulation of the resolution of inflammation using statins may be feasible as an adjuvant in the therapy of parasitic diseases. However, there was no strong experimental evidence on the use of aspirin; therefore, further studies are needed to evaluate its role inflammation resolution process in infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Burgess
- Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan D Maya
- Programa de Farmacología Molecular y Clínica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia, Santiago, Chile.
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Zancanella V, Vallès A, Liefhebber JM, Paerels L, Tornero CV, Wattimury H, van der Zon T, van Rooijen K, Golinska M, Grevelink T, Ehlert E, Pieterman EJ, Keijzer N, Princen HMG, Stokman G, Liu YP. Proof-of-concept study for liver-directed miQURE technology in a dyslipidemic mouse model. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids 2023; 32:454-467. [PMID: 37168797 PMCID: PMC10165407 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A gene-silencing platform (miQURE) has been developed and successfully used to deliver therapeutic microRNA (miRNA) to the brain, reducing levels of neurodegenerative disease-causing proteins/RNAs via RNA interference and improving the disease phenotype in animal models. This study evaluates the use of miQURE technology to deliver therapeutic miRNA for liver-specific indications. Angiopoietin-like 3 (ANGPTL3) was selected as the target mRNA because it is produced in the liver and because loss-of-function ANGPTL3 mutations and/or pharmacological inhibition of ANGPTL3 protein lowers lipid levels and reduces cardiovascular risk. Overall, 14 candidate miRNA constructs were tested in vitro, the most potent of which (miAngE) was further evaluated in mice. rAAV5-miAngE led to dose-dependent (≤-77%) decreases in Angptl3 mRNA in WT mice with ≤-90% reductions in plasma ANGPTL3 protein. In dyslipidemic APOE∗3-Leiden.CETP mice, AAV5-miAngE significantly reduced cholesterol and triglyceride levels vs. vehicle and scrambled (miSCR) controls when administrated alone, with greater reductions when co-administered with lipid-lowering therapy (atorvastatin). A significant decrease in total atherosclerotic lesion area (-58% vs. miSCR) was observed in AAV5-miAngE-treated dyslipidemic mice, which corresponded with the maintenance of a non-diseased plaque phenotype and reduced lesion severity. These results support the development of this technology for liver-directed indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Zancanella
- uniQure biopharma B.V., Department of Research and Development, 1105 BP, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Astrid Vallès
- uniQure biopharma B.V., Department of Research and Development, 1105 BP, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jolanda M.P. Liefhebber
- uniQure biopharma B.V., Department of Research and Development, 1105 BP, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lieke Paerels
- uniQure biopharma B.V., Department of Research and Development, 1105 BP, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carlos Vendrell Tornero
- uniQure biopharma B.V., Department of Research and Development, 1105 BP, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hendrina Wattimury
- uniQure biopharma B.V., Department of Research and Development, 1105 BP, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tom van der Zon
- uniQure biopharma B.V., Department of Research and Development, 1105 BP, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kristel van Rooijen
- uniQure biopharma B.V., Department of Research and Development, 1105 BP, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Monika Golinska
- uniQure biopharma B.V., Department of Research and Development, 1105 BP, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tamar Grevelink
- uniQure biopharma B.V., Department of Research and Development, 1105 BP, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erich Ehlert
- uniQure biopharma B.V., Department of Research and Development, 1105 BP, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Nanda Keijzer
- TNO Metabolic Health Research, Sylviusweg 71 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Geurt Stokman
- TNO Metabolic Health Research, Sylviusweg 71 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ying Poi Liu
- uniQure biopharma B.V., Department of Research and Development, 1105 BP, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Qaisar R, Karim A, Muhammad T, Alkahtani SA, Kamli H, Ahmad F. Degradation of neuromuscular junction contributes to muscle weakness but not physical compromise in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients taking lipids-lowering medications. Respir Med 2023:107298. [PMID: 37245649 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2023.107298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The relevant data about the effects and the associated mechanisms of statins on muscle strength and physical capacity is inconsistent. We investigated the potential contribution of neuromuscular junction (NMJ) degradation to muscle weakness and physical compromise in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) on statins. METHOD We recruited male COPD patients (age range = 63-75 years, n = 150) as nonusers (n = 71) and users of statin medications (n = 79) along with age-matched controls (n = 76). The COPD patients were evaluated at baseline and one year later. The data about handgrip strength (HGS), body composition, short physical performance battery (SPPB), and plasma c-terminal agrin fragment-22 (CAF22) as a marker of NMJ disintegration was collected at two time points. RESULTS We observed lower HGS, SPPB scores, and higher CAF22 levels in all COPD patients than controls, irrespective of the treatment status (all p < 0.05). Statins further reduced HGS and elevated CAF22 in COPD patients (both p < 0.05). The decline in SPPB was relatively modest in statin users (≈3.7%, p = 0.032) than in nonusers (≈8.7%, p = 0.002). The elevated plasma CAF22 exhibited robust negative correlations with a reduction in HGS but not with SPPB in COPD patients taking statins. We also found a reduction in markers of inflammation and no increase in oxidative stress markers following statin use in COPD patients. CONCLUSION Altogether, statin-induced NMJ degradation exacerbates muscle decline but does not contribute to physical compromise in COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Qaisar
- Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Cardiovascular Research Group, Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Asima Karim
- Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tahir Muhammad
- Department of Biochemistry, Gomal Medical College, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, 30130, Pakistan
| | - Shaea A Alkahtani
- Exercise Physiology Department, College of Sport Sciences and Physical Activity, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hossam Kamli
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Firdos Ahmad
- Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Cardiovascular Research Group, Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, 59911, United Arab Emirates
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Shi T, Liu K, Peng Y, Dai W, Du D, Li X, Liu T, Song N, Meng Y. Research progress on the therapeutic effects of nanoparticles loaded with drugs against atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2023:10.1007/s10557-023-07461-0. [PMID: 37178241 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-023-07461-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Presently, there are many drugs for the treatment of atherosclerosis (AS), among which lipid-lowering, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative drugs have been the most studied. These drugs have been shown to have inhibitory effects on the development of AS. Nanoparticles are suitable for AS treatment research due to their fine-tunable and modifiable properties. Compared with drug monotherapy, experimental results have proven that the effects of nanoparticle-encapsulated drugs are significantly enhanced. In addition to nanoparticles containing a single drug, there have been many studies on collaborative drug treatment, collaborative physical treatment (ultrasound, near-infrared lasers, and external magnetic field), and the integration of diagnosis and treatment. This review provides an introduction to the therapeutic effects of nanoparticles loaded with drugs to treat AS and summarizes their advantages, including increased targeting ability, sustained drug release, improved bioavailability, reduced toxicity, and inhibition of plaque and vascular stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianfeng Shi
- Department of Radiology, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030009, Shanxi, China
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Kunkun Liu
- Department of Radiology, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030009, Shanxi, China
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Yueyou Peng
- Department of Radiology, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030009, Shanxi, China
| | - Weibin Dai
- Department of Radiology, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030009, Shanxi, China
| | - Donglian Du
- Department of Radiology, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030009, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Li
- Department of Radiology, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030009, Shanxi, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Radiology, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030009, Shanxi, China
- Medical Imaging Department of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Ningning Song
- Department of Radiology, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030009, Shanxi, China
- Medical Imaging Department of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Yanfeng Meng
- Department of Radiology, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030009, Shanxi, China.
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
- Medical Imaging Department of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
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20
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Dong L, Wen S, Tang Y, Li F, He Y, Deng Y, Tao Z. Atorvastatin attenuates allergic inflammation by blocking prostaglandin biosynthesis in rats with allergic rhinitis. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 115:109681. [PMID: 36634416 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostaglandins (PGs) are bioactive lipid mediators derived from the nuclear and plasma membranes via the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway of arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism. PGs bridge the interactions between various immunomodulatory cells in allergic rhinitis (AR) and are considered key players in regulating pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses. AA conversion to PGs involves rate-limiting enzymes that may be blocked by statins. The mechanisms by which statins regulate these enzymes in AR remain unclear. We investigated the effects of oral atorvastatin on PGs production in AR. METHODS An ovalbumin-induced AR rat model was constructed and the changes in nasal symptom score and nasal mucosa histopathological characteristics of AR rats under different atorvastatin doses were assessed. qRT-PCR, western blotting, and immunofluorescence were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression levels of rate-limiting enzymes and downstream molecules of AA metabolism in the nasal mucosa and liver. RESULTS Oral atorvastatin significantly alleviated symptoms and eosinophil infiltration in the nasal mucosa, inhibited goblet cell hyperplasia and mast cell recruitment, and decreased mucus secretion in AR rats. Increasing atorvastatin dose increased the anti-inflammatory effects. High-dose atorvastatin inhibited upregulation of the inflammatory mediator PGD2 in the nasal mucosa of AR rats. Compared to the control group, the mRNA and protein expression of the rate-limiting enzymes COX-2, PGDS, and PGES in AA metabolism in the AR group were upregulated but downregulated after the oral administration of high-dose atorvastatin. Atorvastatin also showed dose-dependent inhibition of ERK1/2 and downstream NF-κB phosphorylation in the nasal mucosa and liver of AR rats. CONCLUSIONS Atorvastatin inhibited allergic inflammation and attenuated AR nasal symptoms by downregulating PGD2 and rate-limiting enzyme expression in PGD2 biosynthesis, possibly by blocking the RAS/ERK/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Dong
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jie-Fang Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, PR China
| | - Silu Wen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jie-Fang Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, PR China
| | - Yulei Tang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jie-Fang Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, PR China
| | - Fen Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jie-Fang Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, PR China; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jie-Fang Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, PR China
| | - Yan He
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jie-Fang Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, PR China
| | - Yuqin Deng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jie-Fang Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, PR China.
| | - Zezhang Tao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jie-Fang Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, PR China; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jie-Fang Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, PR China.
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Chang YH, Wang JY, Peng TR, Lian JH, Lee MC, Chen HM. Statin Use and Delirium Risk: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Am J Ther 2023. [PMID: 36728521 DOI: 10.1097/MJT.0000000000001593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Findings on the association of statin use with delirium risk are inconsistent. THE STUDY QUESTION Is statin use associated with delirium risk? STUDY DESIGN We searched PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and the EMBASE database, limiting the search to human patients and articles in English published until December 31, 2021. The effect size and 95% confidence interval (CI) were defined as the odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI, respectively, to indicate the difference in the incidence of delirium between statin use and nonuse groups. A random-effects model was selected in the case of high heterogeneity of study populations. We used funnel plots, Egger test, Duval and Tweedie trim-and-fill approach, and the classic fail-safe N to assess publication bias. RESULTS Of a total of 264 identified studies, 13 were selected for the qualitative review-4 RCTs and 9 observational cohort studies. Statin use was not associated with low delirium risk (pooled OR, 0·82; 95% CI, 0·64-1·04; P = 0·09). Substantial statistical heterogeneity was observed (I2, 90%). Visual inspection of the funnel plot of ORs from the studies revealed symmetry. Using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach, we assigned the evidence a rating of C and a weak recommendation for this review. CONCLUSIONS Statin use is not associated with delirium risk. More comprehensive RCTs are required to confirm the results.
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22
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Sadeghdoust M, Aligolighasemabadi F, Dehesh T, Taefehshokr N, Sadeghdoust A, Kotfis K, Hashemiattar A, Ravandi A, Aligolighasemabadi N, Vakili O, Grabarek B, Staszkiewicz R, Łos MJ, Mokarram P, Ghavami S. The Effects of Statins on Respiratory Symptoms and Pulmonary Fibrosis in COVID-19 Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: A Longitudinal Multicenter Study. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2023; 71:8. [PMID: 36853269 PMCID: PMC9972324 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-023-00672-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this prospective cohort study was to explore the effect of statins on long-term respiratory symptoms and pulmonary fibrosis in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Patients were recruited from three tertiary hospitals, categorized into Statin or Non-statin groups, and assessed on days 0, 28, and 90 after symptoms onset to record the duration of symptoms. Pulmonary fibrosis was scored at baseline and follow-up time points by high-resolution computed tomography scans. Each group comprised 176 patients after propensity score matching. Data analysis revealed that the odds of having cough and dyspnea were significantly higher in the Non-statin group compared to the Statin group during the follow-up period. Overall, there was no significant difference in the change in pulmonary fibrosis score between groups. However, Non-statin patients with > 5 years of DM were more likely to exhibit a significantly higher fibrosis score during the follow-up period as compared to their peers in the Statin group. Our results suggest that the use of statins is associated with a lower risk of developing chronic cough and dyspnea in diabetic patients with COVID-19, and may reduce pulmonary fibrosis associated with COVID-19 in patients with long-term (> 5 years) DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadamin Sadeghdoust
- grid.411768.d0000 0004 1756 1744Department of Internal Medicine, Mashhad Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farnaz Aligolighasemabadi
- grid.411768.d0000 0004 1756 1744Department of Internal Medicine, Mashhad Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Tania Dehesh
- grid.412105.30000 0001 2092 9755Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Nima Taefehshokr
- grid.39381.300000 0004 1936 8884Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Human Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON Canada
| | - Adel Sadeghdoust
- grid.412237.10000 0004 0385 452XDepartment of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Katarzyna Kotfis
- grid.107950.a0000 0001 1411 4349Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Therapy and Acute Intoxications, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Amirhossein Hashemiattar
- grid.411768.d0000 0004 1756 1744Department of Radiology, Mashhad Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Ravandi
- grid.21613.370000 0004 1936 9609Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Sr. Boniface Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Neda Aligolighasemabadi
- grid.411874.f0000 0004 0571 1549Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Razi Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Omid Vakili
- grid.411036.10000 0001 1498 685XDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Beniamin Grabarek
- Department of Histology, Cytophysiology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, Academy of Silesia in Katowice, Zabrze, Poland ,Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, Academy of Silesia in Katowice, Zabrze, Poland ,Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Virology, GynCentrum, Katowice, Poland
| | - Rafał Staszkiewicz
- Department of Histology, Cytophysiology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, Academy of Silesia in Katowice, Zabrze, Poland ,Department of Neurosurgery, 5Th Military Clinical Hospital with the SP ZOZ Polyclinic in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marek J. Łos
- grid.6979.10000 0001 2335 3149Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland ,grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Autophagy Research Center, Department of Biochemistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Pooneh Mokarram
- Autophagy Research Center, Department of Biochemistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Autophagy Research Center, Department of Biochemistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. .,Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada. .,Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, University of Technology in Katowice, Academia of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland. .,Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care, Manitoba University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada. .,Biology of Breathing Theme, Children Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
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23
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Wang X, Turhon M, Yang X, Liu J, Zhang H, Li T, Song D, Zhao Y, Guan S, Maimaitili A, Wang Y, Feng W, Wan J, Mao G, Shi H, An Z, Wang Y. Could statin improve outcomes after pipeline embolization for intracranial aneurysms in a real-world setting? Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2023; 16:17562864231170517. [PMID: 37187463 PMCID: PMC10176586 DOI: 10.1177/17562864231170517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Several pharmacological pathways have revealed statin to have a positive role in patients with for intracranial aneurysms. However, prior studies regarding the association between statin use and patients' outcomes after pipeline embolization device (PED) treatment were not completely supportive. Objectives To investigate whether statin medication following PED treatment would improve the outcomes of intracranial aneurysm patients in a real-world setting. Design A retrospective multicenter cohort study. Methods Patients were selected from the PLUS registry study conducted from November 2014 to October 2019 across 14 centers in China. The population was divided into two groups: those who received statin medication after the PED treatment and those who did not receive statin medication after PED treatment. Study outcomes included angiographic evaluation of aneurysm occlusion, parent arteries stenosis, ischemic and hemorrhage complications, all-cause mortality, neurologic mortality, and functional outcome. Results 1087 patients with 1168 intracranial aneurysms were eligible; 232 patients were in the statin user group and the other 855 were in the non-statin user group. For the statin user group versus the non-statin user group, no significant difference was found for the primary outcomes of complete occlusion of aneurysm (82.4% versus 84.2%; p = 0.697). Of the secondary outcomes, none had a significant difference including stenosis of parent arteries ≥ 50% (1.4% versus 2.3%; p = 0.739), total subarachnoid hemorrhage (0.9% versus 2.5%; p = 0.215), all-cause mortality (0.0% versus 1.9%; p = 0.204), neurologic mortality (0.0% versus 1.6%; p = 0.280), excellent (95.5% versus 97.2%; p = 0.877), and favorable (98.9% versus 98.4%; p = 0.933) functional outcomes. The total ischemic complication rate (9.0% versus 7.1%; p = 0.401) was higher but not significant in the statin user group. The propensity score-matched cohort showed similar results. Results of binary multivariable logistic regression analysis and propensity score-matched analysis both showed that statin usage was not independently associated with an increased rate of complete occlusion or any other secondary outcomes. Subgroup analysis found the same result in patients who did not use statin before the procedure. Conclusion Among patients with intracranial aneurysms, statin use after the PED treatment was not significantly associated with better angiographic and clinical outcomes. Well-designed studies are needed to further confirm this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Chaoyang
Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of
China
| | - Mirzat Turhon
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology,
Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s
Republic of China
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology,
Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing,
People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinjian Yang
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology,
Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s
Republic of China
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology,
Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing,
People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianmin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital,
Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongqi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital,
Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianxiao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhengzhou
University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Donglei Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Donglei
Brain Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanli Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University
International Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sheng Guan
- Department of Intervention Neuroradiology,
First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Aisha Maimaitili
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated
Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, People’s Republic of
China
| | - Yunyan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital,
Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenfeng Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital,
Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jieqing Wan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong
University School of Medicine Affiliated Renji Hospital, Shanghai, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Guohua Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated
Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huaizhang Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated
Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of
China
| | - Zhuoling An
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Chaoyang
Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 Gongtinan Road, Chaoyang
District, Beijing 10020, People’s Republic of China
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Miura Y, Suzuki H. Hypertriglyceridemia and Atherosclerotic Carotid Artery Stenosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416224. [PMID: 36555866 PMCID: PMC9785250 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Both fasting and non-fasting hypertriglyceridemia have emerged as residual risk factors for atherosclerotic disease. However, it is unclear whether hypertriglyceridemia increases the risks of the progression of carotid artery stenosis. Statins are well known to prevent carotid plaque progression and improve carotid plaque instability. In addition, statin therapy is also known to reduce cerebrovascular events in patients with carotid artery stenosis and to improve clinical outcomes in patients undergoing revascularization procedures. On the other hand, there have been no randomized controlled trials showing that the combination of non-statin lipid-lowering drugs with statins has additional beneficial effects over statin monotherapy to prevent cerebrovascular events and stenosis progression in patients with carotid artery stenosis. In this article, the authors demonstrate the mechanisms of atherosclerosis formation associated with hypertriglyceridemia and the potential role of lipid-lowering drugs on carotid artery stenosis. The authors also review the articles reporting the relationships between hypertriglyceridemia and carotid artery stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hidenori Suzuki
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-59-232-1111; Fax: +81-59-231-5212
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25
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Zaki RM, Seshadri VD, Mutayran AS, Elsawaf LA, Hamad AM, Almurshedi AS, Yusif RM, Said M. Wound Healing Efficacy of Rosuvastatin Transethosomal Gel, I Optimal Optimization, Histological and In Vivo Evaluation. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14112521. [PMID: 36432712 PMCID: PMC9692372 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to make a formulation and statistical optimization of transethosomal formulations of rosuvastatin (ROS) to enhance its topical wound healing efficiency. Design-Expert® software was used to employ I optimal design. The formulation variables in the study were surfactant concentration (%w/v), ethanol concentration (%w/v) and surfactant type (span 60 or tween 80), while the dependent responses were entrapment efficiency percent (EE%), vesicle size (VS) and zeta potential (ZP). The numerical optimization process employed by the design expert software resulted in an optimum formula composed of 0.819439 (%w/v) span 60, 40 (%w/v) ethanol and 100 mg lecithin with a desirability of 0.745. It showed a predicted EE% value of 66.5517 vs. 277.703 nm and a ZP of -33. When it was prepared and validated, it showed less than a 5% deviation from the predicted values. The optimum formula was subjected to further characterizations, such as DSC, XRD, TEM, in vitro release, the effect of aging and wound healing efficiency. The DSC thermogram made a confirmation of the compatibility of ROS with the ingredients used in the formulation. XRD showed the encapsulation of ROS in the transethosomal vesicles. The TEM image pointed out the spherical nature of the nanovesicles with the absence of aggregation. Additionally, the optimum formula revealed an enhancement of drug release in comparison with the drug suspension. It also showed good stability for one month. Furthermore, it revealed good wound healing efficiency when compared with the standard silver sulphadiazine (1% w/w) ointment or the drug-loaded gel, which could be related to the enhanced penetration of the nanosized vesicles of TESMs into the skin, which enhances the wound healing process. So, it could be regarded as a promising carrier of ROS for the treatment of chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randa Mohammed Zaki
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-540-617-870
| | - Vidya Devanathadesikan Seshadri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alanoud S. Mutayran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lara A. Elsawaf
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abubaker M. Hamad
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Health Sciences, AL-Rayan Colleges, Al-Hijra Road, Madinah Al Munawwarah 42541, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alanood S. Almurshedi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rehab Mohammad Yusif
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, P.O. Box 30039, Madinah Al Munawwarah 41477, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mayada Said
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
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Diamond DM, Bikman BT, Mason P. Statin therapy is not warranted for a person with high LDL-cholesterol on a low-carbohydrate diet. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2022; 29:497-511. [PMID: 35938780 DOI: 10.1097/med.0000000000000764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Although there is an extensive literature on the efficacy of the low carbohydrate diet (LCD) for weight loss and in the management of type 2 diabetes, concerns have been raised that the LCD may increase cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk by increasing the level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). We have assessed the value of LDL-C as a CVD risk factor, as well as effects of the LCD on other CVD risk factors. We have also reviewed findings that provide guidance as to whether statin therapy would be beneficial for individuals with high LDL-C on an LCD. RECENT FINDINGS Multiple longitudinal trials have demonstrated the safety and effectiveness of the LCD, while also providing evidence of improvements in the most reliable CVD risk factors. Recent findings have also confirmed how ineffective LDL-C is in predicting CVD risk. SUMMARY Extensive research has demonstrated the efficacy of the LCD to improve the most robust CVD risk factors, such as hyperglycemia, hypertension, and atherogenic dyslipidemia. Our review of the literature indicates that statin therapy for both primary and secondary prevention of CVD is not warranted for individuals on an LCD with elevated LDL-C who have achieved a low triglyceride/HDL ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Diamond
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Benjamin T Bikman
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Paul Mason
- Concord Orthosports, Concord, New South Wales, Australia
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Zhang J, Wang X, Tian W, Wang T, Jia J, Lai R, Wang T, Zhang Z, Song L, Ju J, Xu H. The effect of various types and doses of statins on C-reactive protein levels in patients with dyslipidemia or coronary heart disease: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:936817. [PMID: 35966518 PMCID: PMC9363636 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.936817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The objective of this study was to measure the efficacy of various types and dosages of statins on C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in patients with dyslipidemia or coronary heart disease. Methods Randomized controlled trials were searched from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, OpenGray, and ClinicalTrials.gov. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines for data extraction and synthesis. The pairwise meta-analysis compared statins and controls using a random-effects model, and a network meta-analysis compared the types and dosages of statins using the Bayesian random-effects model. The PROSPERO registration number is CRD42021242067. Results The study included 37 randomized controlled trials with 17,410 participants and 20 interventions. According to the pairwise meta-analysis, statins significantly decreased CRP levels compared to controls (weighted mean difference [WMD] = −0.97, 95% confidence interval [CI] [−1.31, −0.64], P < 0.0001). In the network meta-analysis, simvastatin 40 mg/day appeared to be the best strategy for lowering CRP (Rank P = 0.18, WMD = −4.07, 95% CI = [−6.52, −1.77]). The same was true for the high-sensitivity CRP, non-acute coronary syndrome (ACS), <12 months duration, and clear measurement subgroups. In the CRP subgroup (rank P = 0.79, WMD = −1.23, 95% CI = [−2.48, −0.08]) and ≥12-month duration subgroup (Rank P = 0.40, WMD = −2.13, 95% CI = [−4.24, −0.13]), atorvastatin 80 mg/day was most likely to be the best. There were no significant differences in the dyslipidemia and ACS subgroups (P > 0.05). Node-splitting analysis showed no significant inconsistency (P > 0.05), except for the coronary heart disease subgroup. Conclusion Statins reduced serum CRP levels in patients with dyslipidemia or coronary heart disease. Simvastatin 40 mg/day might be the most effective therapy, and atorvastatin 80 mg/day showed the best long-term effect. This study provides a reference for choosing statin therapy based on LDL-C and CRP levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wende Tian
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tongxin Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jundi Jia
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Runmin Lai
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zihao Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Luxia Song
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jianqing Ju
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jianqing Ju
| | - Hao Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Hao Xu
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Mahmoudi A, Heydari S, Markina YV, Barreto GE, Sahebkar A. Role of statins in regulating molecular pathways following traumatic brain injury: A system pharmacology study. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113304. [PMID: 35724514 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious disorder with debilitating physical and psychological complications. Previous studies have indicated that genetic factors have a critical role in modulating the secondary phase of injury in TBI. Statins have interesting pleiotropic properties such as antiapoptotic, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory effects, which make them a suitable class of drugs for repurposing in TBI. In this study, we aimed to explore how statins modulate proteins and pathways involved in TBI using system pharmacology. We first explored the target associations with statins in two databases to discover critical clustering groups, candidate hub and critical hub genes in the network of TBI, and the possible connections of statins with TBI-related genes. Our results showed 1763 genes associated with TBI. Subsequently, the analysis of centralities in the PPI network displayed 55 candidate hub genes and 15 hub genes. Besides, MCODE analysis based on threshold score:10 determined four modular clusters. Intersection analysis of genes related to TBI and statins demonstrated 204 shared proteins, which suggested that statins influence 31 candidate hub and 9 hub genes. Moreover, statins had the highest interaction with MCODE1. The biological processes of the 31 shared proteins are related to gene expression, inflammation, antioxidant activity, and cell proliferation. Biological enriched pathways showed Programmed Cell Death proteins, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway, C-type lectin receptor signalling pathway, and MAPK signaling pathway as top clusters. In conclusion, statins could target several critical post-TBI genes mainly involved in inflammation and apoptosis, supporting the previous research results as a potential therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mahmoudi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177899191, the Islamic Republic of Iran; Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Sahar Heydari
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, the Islamic Republic of Iran; Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Yuliya V Markina
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of FSBI "Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery", 3 Tsyurupy Str., 117418, Moscow, the Russian Federation
| | - George E Barreto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, the Islamic Republic of Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, the Islamic Republic of Iran; Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, the Islamic Republic of Iran.
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Levstek T, Podkrajšek N, Rehberger Likozar A, Šebeštjen M, Trebušak Podkrajšek K. The Influence of Treatment with PCSK9 Inhibitors and Variants in the CRP (rs1800947), TNFA (rs1800629), and IL6 (rs1800795) Genes on the Corresponding Inflammatory Markers in Patients with Very High Lipoprotein(a) Levels. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:127. [PMID: 35621838 PMCID: PMC9146305 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9050127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation contributes significantly to the development and progression of atherosclerosis. However, the factors that lead to an inflammatory imbalance towards a proinflammatory state are not yet fully understood. The CRP rs1800947, TNFA rs1800629, and IL6 rs1800795 polymorphisms may play a role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and were therefore selected to investigate the influence of genetic variability on the corresponding plasma levels after treatment with a proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitor. A group of 69 patients with stable coronary artery disease after myocardial infarction before the age of 50 years and very high lipoprotein(a) levels were enrolled in the study. All patients received a PCSK9 inhibitor (evolocumab or alirocumab). Genotyping was performed using TaqMan assays (CRP rs1800947, TNFA rs1800629, and IL6 rs1800795). Consistent with previous studies, no significant change in levels of inflammatory biomarkers was observed after 6 months of treatment with PCSK9 inhibitors. We also did not detect any significant association between single nucleotide polymorphisms CRP rs1800947, TNFA rs1800629, and IL6 rs1800795 and plasma levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), or interleukin 6 (IL6), respectively, at enrollment. However, the difference in IL6 levels after treatment with PCSK9 inhibitors was statistically significant (p = 0.050) in patients with IL6-74CC genotype, indicating the possible role of the IL6 rs1800795 polymorphism in modulating inflammation.
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Burger AL, Pogran E, Muthspiel M, Kaufmann CC, Jäger B, Huber K. New Treatment Targets and Innovative Lipid-Lowering Therapies in Very-High-Risk Patients with Cardiovascular Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10050970. [PMID: 35625707 PMCID: PMC9138506 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10050970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The effective and fast reduction of circulating low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is a cornerstone for secondary prevention of atherosclerotic disease progression. Despite the substantial lipid-lowering effects of the established treatment option with statins and ezetimibe, a significant proportion of very-high-risk patients with cardiovascular disease do not reach the recommended treatment goal of <55 mg/dL (<1.4 mmol/L). Novel lipid-lowering agents, including the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) antibodies alirocumab and evolocumab, the small interfering ribonucleotide acid (si-RNA) inclisiran, as well as the recently approved bempedoic acid, now complete the current arsenal of LDL-C lowering agents. These innovative therapies have demonstrated promising results in clinical studies. Besides a strong reduction of LDL-C by use of highly effective agents, there is still discussion as to whether a very rapid achievement of the treatment goal should be a new strategic approach in lipid-lowering therapy. In this review, we summarize evidence for the lipid-modifying properties of these novel agents and their safety profiles, and discuss their potential pleiotropic effects beyond LDL-C reduction (if any) as well as their effects on clinical endpoints as cardiovascular mortality. In addition to a treatment strategy of “the lower, the better”, we also discuss the concept of “the earlier, the better”, which may also add to the early clinical benefit of large LDL-C reduction after an acute ischemic event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achim Leo Burger
- 3rd Medical Department with Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Clinic Ottakring (Wilhelminenhospital), Montleartstrasse 37, 1160 Vienna, Austria; (A.L.B.); (E.P.); (M.M.); (C.C.K.); (B.J.)
| | - Edita Pogran
- 3rd Medical Department with Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Clinic Ottakring (Wilhelminenhospital), Montleartstrasse 37, 1160 Vienna, Austria; (A.L.B.); (E.P.); (M.M.); (C.C.K.); (B.J.)
| | - Marie Muthspiel
- 3rd Medical Department with Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Clinic Ottakring (Wilhelminenhospital), Montleartstrasse 37, 1160 Vienna, Austria; (A.L.B.); (E.P.); (M.M.); (C.C.K.); (B.J.)
| | - Christoph Clemens Kaufmann
- 3rd Medical Department with Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Clinic Ottakring (Wilhelminenhospital), Montleartstrasse 37, 1160 Vienna, Austria; (A.L.B.); (E.P.); (M.M.); (C.C.K.); (B.J.)
| | - Bernhard Jäger
- 3rd Medical Department with Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Clinic Ottakring (Wilhelminenhospital), Montleartstrasse 37, 1160 Vienna, Austria; (A.L.B.); (E.P.); (M.M.); (C.C.K.); (B.J.)
| | - Kurt Huber
- 3rd Medical Department with Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Clinic Ottakring (Wilhelminenhospital), Montleartstrasse 37, 1160 Vienna, Austria; (A.L.B.); (E.P.); (M.M.); (C.C.K.); (B.J.)
- Medical School, Sigmund Freud University, 1020 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-1-49150-2301
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Pantziarka P, Blagden S. Inhibiting the Priming for Cancer in Li-Fraumeni Syndrome. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071621. [PMID: 35406393 PMCID: PMC8997074 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Li-Fraumeni Syndrome (LFS) is a rare cancer pre-disposition syndrome associated with a germline mutation in the TP53 tumour suppressor gene. People with LFS have a 90% chance of suffering one or more cancers in their lifetime. No treatments exist to reduce this cancer risk. This paper reviews the evidence for how cancers start in people with LFS and proposes that a series of commonly used non-cancer drugs, including metformin and aspirin, can help reduce that lifetime risk of cancer. Abstract The concept of the pre-cancerous niche applies the ‘seed and soil’ theory of metastasis to the initial process of carcinogenesis. TP53 is at the nexus of this process and, in the context of Li-Fraumeni Syndrome (LFS), is a key determinant of the conditions in which cancers are formed and progress. Important factors in the creation of the pre-cancerous niche include disrupted tissue homeostasis, cellular metabolism and chronic inflammation. While druggability of TP53 remains a challenge, there is evidence that drug re-purposing may be able to address aspects of pre-cancerous niche formation and thereby reduce the risk of cancer in individuals with LFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Pantziarka
- The George Pantziarka TP53 Trust, London KT1 2JP, UK
- The Anti-Cancer Fund, Brusselsesteenweg 11, 1860 Meise, Belgium
- Correspondence:
| | - Sarah Blagden
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK;
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