1
|
Zhang J, You Q, Wang Y, Ji J. LncRNA GAS5 Modulates the Progression of Glioma Through Repressing miR-135b-5p and Upregulating APC. Biologics 2024; 18:129-142. [PMID: 38817552 PMCID: PMC11137960 DOI: 10.2147/btt.s454058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Purpose The main purpose of this paper is to explore the interaction between GAS5 and miR-135b-5p to understand their function in the metastasis, invasion, and proliferation of glioma. This may provide new ideas for the pathogenesis and treatment of glioma. Patients and Methods Western blotting assays and RT‑qPCR were employed to investigate the expression of related genes in glioma tissues or cell lines. CCK-8 was used to examine the impact of GAS5 on cell viability. Motile activities were adopted by the transwell and wound healing experiments. A double luciferase experiment was performed to elucidate transcriptional regulation. Results GAS5 showed low expression in glioma cells and tissues, and up-regulation of GAS5 could depress the invasion, proliferation, and metastasis of glioma. GAS5 negatively regulates miR-135b-5p, which can counteract the cellular effects caused by GAS5. APC was the target of miR-135b-5p, and GAS5 can regulate the expression of APC by sponging miR-135b-5p. APC overexpression reversed the effects of miR-135b-5p promotion on glioma cells, while miR-135b-5p has the opposite function. As a downstream target gene of GAS5, miR-135b-5p was negatively regulated by GAS5. The restoration of miR-135b-5p can remarkably reverse the impact of GAS5 on glioma cells. In addition, GAS5 increased the expression of APC in glioma cells by inhibiting miR-135b-5p. Conclusion GAS5 increased APC expression by restraining miR-135b-5p and partially blocked the progression of glioma, suggesting that it could be an advantageous therapeutic target for glioma intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jidong Zhang
- Center for Neurological Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiuxiang You
- Center for Neurological Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yutao Wang
- Center for Neurological Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianwen Ji
- Center for Neurological Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Esposito S, Ruggiero E, Di Castelnuovo A, Costanzo S, Bonaccio M, Bracone F, Esposito V, Innocenzi G, Paolini S, Cerletti C, Donati MB, de Gaetano G, Iacoviello L, Gialluisi A. Identifying brain tumor patients' subtypes based on pre-diagnostic history and clinical characteristics: a pilot hierarchical clustering and association analysis. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1276253. [PMID: 38146510 PMCID: PMC10749422 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1276253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Central nervous system (CNS) tumors are severe health conditions with increasing incidence in the last years. Different biological, environmental and clinical factors are thought to have an important role in their epidemiology, which however remains unclear. Objective The aim of this pilot study was to identify CNS tumor patients' subtypes based on this information and to test associations with tumor malignancy. Methods 90 patients with suspected diagnosis of CNS tumor were recruited by the Neurosurgery Unit of IRCCS Neuromed. Patients underwent anamnestic and clinical assessment, to ascertain known or suspected risk factors including lifestyle, socioeconomic, clinical and psychometric characteristics. We applied a hierarchical clustering analysis to these exposures to identify potential groups of patients with a similar risk pattern and tested whether these clusters associated with brain tumor malignancy. Results Out of 67 patients with a confirmed CNS tumor diagnosis, we identified 28 non-malignant and 39 malignant tumor cases. These subtypes showed significant differences in terms of gender (with men more frequently presenting a diagnosis of cancer; p = 6.0 ×10-3) and yearly household income (with non-malignant tumor patients more frequently earning ≥25k Euros/year; p = 3.4×10-3). Cluster analysis revealed the presence of two clusters of patients: one (N=41) with more professionally active, educated, wealthier and healthier patients, and the other one with mostly retired and less healthy men, with a higher frequency of smokers, personal history of cardiovascular disease and cancer familiarity, a mostly sedentary lifestyle and generally lower income, education and cognitive performance. The former cluster showed a protective association with the malignancy of the disease, with a 74 (14-93) % reduction in the prevalent risk of CNS malignant tumors, compared to the other cluster (p=0.026). Discussion These preliminary data suggest that patients' profiling through unsupervised machine learning approaches may somehow help predicting the risk of being affected by a malignant form. If confirmed by further analyses in larger independent cohorts, these findings may be useful to create potential intelligent ranking systems for treatment priority, overcoming the lack of histopathological information and molecular diagnosis of the tumor, which are typically not available until the time of surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Esposito
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Emilia Ruggiero
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | | | - Simona Costanzo
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Bracone
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | | | | | - Sergio Paolini
- Department of Neurosurgery, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Chiara Cerletti
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | | | | | - Licia Iacoviello
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
- Libera Università Mediterranea (LUM) “Giuseppe Degennaro”, Casamassima (Bari), Italy
| | - Alessandro Gialluisi
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
- Libera Università Mediterranea (LUM) “Giuseppe Degennaro”, Casamassima (Bari), Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, LUM University, Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nikmanesh Y, Mohammadi MJ, Yousefi H, Mansourimoghadam S, Taherian M. The effect of long-term exposure to toxic air pollutants on the increased risk of malignant brain tumors. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2023; 38:519-530. [PMID: 35767733 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2022-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Toxic air pollutants are one of the most agent that have many acute, chronic and non-communicable diseases (NCDs) on human health under long or short-term exposure has been raised from the past to the present. The aim of this study was investigation effect of long-term exposure to toxic air pollutants on the increased risk of malignant brain tumors. Databases used to for searched were the PubMed, Web of Science, Springer and Science Direct (Scopus) and Google Scholar. 71 papers based on abstract and article text filtered. In the end after sieve we selected 7 papers. Identify all relevant studies published 1970-2022. The literature showed that exposure to toxic air pollutants and their respiration can cause disorders in different parts of the brain by transmission through the circulatory system and other mechanisms. Various unpleasant abnormalities are caused by the inhalation of toxic air pollutants in the human body that some of the most common of them include chronic lung disease, coronary heart disease and heart attacks, strokes and brain diseases (Parkinson's, Alzheimer's and multiple Sclerosis), cancers (liver, blood, prostate and brain) and eventually death. According to the finding brain health and proper functioning can be easily disrupted by various genetic or external factors such as air pollution, causing a wide range of abnormalities in the brain and malignant brain tumors. The results of this study showed that reducing the concentration of toxic pollutants in the air, that exposure to them play an increasing role in the development of brain diseases can slow down the process of abnormalities in the brain and will have significant impacts on reducing the number of people affected by them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Nikmanesh
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Mohammadi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Air Pollution and Respiratory Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Homayon Yousefi
- Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Masoume Taherian
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cheng S, McLaughlin JR, Brown MC, Al-Sawaihey H, Rutka J, Bouffet E, Hawkins C, Cairney AE, Ranger A, Fleming AJ, Johnston D, Greenberg M, Malkin D, Hung RJ. Maternal and childhood medical history and the risk of childhood brain tumours: a case-control study in Ontario, Canada. Br J Cancer 2023; 129:318-324. [PMID: 37165200 PMCID: PMC10338441 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02281-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies to date have yielded inconclusive results as to whether maternal medical history during pregnancy, and a child's early-life medical history contribute to the development of childhood brain tumours (CBTs). This study examined associations between maternal and childhood medical history and the risk of CBTs. METHODS The Childhood Brain Tumour Epidemiology Study of Ontario (CBREO) examined children 0-15 years of age with newly diagnosed CBTs from 1997 to 2003. Multivariable logistic regression analysis determined associations for prenatal medications and childhood medical history, adjusted for child's demographics, and maternal education. Analyses were stratified by histology. A latency period analysis was conducted using 12- and 24-month lead times. RESULTS Maternal intake of immunosuppressants during the prenatal period was significantly associated with glial tumours (OR 2.73, 95% CI 1.17-6.39). Childhood intake of anti-epileptics was significantly associated with CBTs overall, after accounting for 12-month (OR 8.51, 95% CI 3.35-21.63) and 24-month (OR 6.04, 95% CI 2.06-17.70) lead time before diagnosis. No associations for other medications were found. CONCLUSIONS This study underscores the need to examine potential carcinogenic effects of the medication classes highlighted and of the indication of medication use. Despite possible reverse causality, increased CBT surveillance for children with epilepsy might be warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sierra Cheng
- Prosserman Centre for Population Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - John R McLaughlin
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M Catherine Brown
- Prosserman Centre for Population Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hamad Al-Sawaihey
- Prosserman Centre for Population Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - James Rutka
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Eric Bouffet
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Cynthia Hawkins
- Division of Pathology, Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Adrianna Ranger
- Children's Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | - Adam J Fleming
- McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Donna Johnston
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Mark Greenberg
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David Malkin
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rayjean J Hung
- Prosserman Centre for Population Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hoang TT, Rosales O, Burgess E, Lupo PJ, Scheurer ME, Oluyomi AO. Clustering of Pediatric Brain Tumors in Texas, 2000-2017. TOXICS 2023; 11:351. [PMID: 37112578 PMCID: PMC10146099 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11040351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Risk factors for pediatric brain tumors are largely unknown. Identifying spatial clusters of these rare tumors on the basis of residential address may provide insights into childhood socio-environmental factors that increase susceptibility. From 2000-2017, the Texas Cancer Registry recorded 4305 primary brain tumors diagnosed among children (≤19 years old). We performed a spatial analysis in SaTScan to identify neighborhoods (census tracts) where the observed number of pediatric brain tumors was higher than expected. Within each census tract, the number of pediatric brain tumors was summed on the basis of residential address at diagnosis. The population estimate from the 2007-2011 American Community Survey of 0- to 19-year-olds was used as the at-risk population. p-values were calculated using Monte Carlo hypothesis testing. The age-standardized rate was 54.3 per 1,000,000. SaTScan identified twenty clusters, of which two were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Some of the clusters identified in Texas spatially implicated potential sources of environmental risk factors (e.g., proximity to petroleum production processes) to explore in future research. This work provides hypothesis-generating data for further investigations of spatially relevant risk factors of pediatric brain tumors in Texas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thanh T. Hoang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (T.T.H.); (P.J.L.); (M.E.S.)
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Cancer and Hematology Center, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Omar Rosales
- Department of Medicine, Epidemiology and Population Sciences Section, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (O.R.); (E.B.)
| | - Elyse Burgess
- Department of Medicine, Epidemiology and Population Sciences Section, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (O.R.); (E.B.)
| | - Philip J. Lupo
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (T.T.H.); (P.J.L.); (M.E.S.)
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Cancer and Hematology Center, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael E. Scheurer
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (T.T.H.); (P.J.L.); (M.E.S.)
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Cancer and Hematology Center, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Abiodun O. Oluyomi
- Department of Medicine, Epidemiology and Population Sciences Section, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (O.R.); (E.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Etxeberria J, Goicoa T, Ugarte MD. Using mortality to predict incidence for rare and lethal cancers in very small areas. Biom J 2023; 65:e2200017. [PMID: 36180401 DOI: 10.1002/bimj.202200017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Incidence and mortality figures are needed to get a comprehensive overview of cancer burden. In many countries, cancer mortality figures are routinely recorded by statistical offices, whereas incidence depends on regional cancer registries. However, due to the complexity of updating cancer registries, incidence numbers become available 3 or 4 years later than mortality figures. It is, therefore, necessary to develop reliable procedures to predict cancer incidence at least until the period when mortality data are available. Most of the methods proposed in the literature are designed to predict total cancer (except nonmelanoma skin cancer) or major cancer sites. However, less frequent lethal cancers, such as brain cancer, are generally excluded from predictions because the scarce number of cases makes it difficult to use univariate models. Our proposal comes to fill this gap and consists of modeling jointly incidence and mortality data using spatio-temporal models with spatial and age shared components. This approach allows for predicting lethal cancers improving the performance of individual models when data are scarce by taking advantage of the high correlation between incidence and mortality. A fully Bayesian approach based on integrated nested Laplace approximations is considered for model fitting and inference. A validation process is also conducted to assess the performance of alternative models. We use the new proposals to predict brain cancer incidence rates by gender and age groups in the health units of Navarre and Basque Country (Spain) during the period 2005-2008.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaione Etxeberria
- Department of Statistics, Computer Science and Mathematics, Public University of Navarre (UPNA), Campus Arrosadia, Pamplona, Navarre, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics (INAMAT2), Public University of Navarre (UPNA), Campus Arrosadia, Pamplona, Navarre, Spain
| | - Tomás Goicoa
- Department of Statistics, Computer Science and Mathematics, Public University of Navarre (UPNA), Campus Arrosadia, Pamplona, Navarre, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics (INAMAT2), Public University of Navarre (UPNA), Campus Arrosadia, Pamplona, Navarre, Spain
- Research Network on Health Services in Chronic Diseases (REDISSEC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria D Ugarte
- Department of Statistics, Computer Science and Mathematics, Public University of Navarre (UPNA), Campus Arrosadia, Pamplona, Navarre, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics (INAMAT2), Public University of Navarre (UPNA), Campus Arrosadia, Pamplona, Navarre, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chen Y, Miao L, Lin H, Zhuo Z, He J. The role of m6A modification in pediatric cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188691. [PMID: 35122883 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
With the development of RNA modification research, the importance of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) in tumors cannot be ignored. m6A promotes the self-renewal of tumor stem cells and the proliferation of tumor cells. It affects post-transcriptional gene expression through epigenetic mechanisms, combining various factors to determine proteins' fate and altering the biological function. This modification process runs through the entire tumors, and genes affected by m6A modification may be the critical targets for cancers breakthroughs. Though generally less dangerous than adult cancer, pediatric cancer accounts for a significant proportion of child deaths. What is more alarming is that the occurrences of adult tumors are highly associated with the poor prognoses of pediatric tumors. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the importance of pediatric cancer and discover new therapeutic targets, which will help improve the therapeutic effect and prognoses of the diseases. We collected and investigated m6A modification in pediatric cancers based on mRNA and non-coding RNA, finding that m6A factors were involved in glioma, hepatoblastoma, nephroblastoma, neuroblastoma, osteosarcoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma, and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Consequently, we summarized the relationships between the m6A factors and these pediatric cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongping Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Miao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, China
| | - Huiran Lin
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Zhenjian Zhuo
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, China; Laboratory Animal Center, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Jing He
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
DAĞLI H, GÜLBAHAR Ö. Menenjiomlarda miRNA’lar Biyobelirteç Olarak Kullanılabilir Mi? KAHRAMANMARAŞ SÜTÇÜ İMAM ÜNIVERSITESI TIP FAKÜLTESI DERGISI 2021. [DOI: 10.17517/ksutfd.1004412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
|
9
|
Zabłocka A, Kazana W, Sochocka M, Stańczykiewicz B, Janusz M, Leszek J, Orzechowska B. Inverse Correlation Between Alzheimer's Disease and Cancer: Short Overview. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:6335-6349. [PMID: 34523079 PMCID: PMC8639554 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02544-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The negative association between Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and cancer suggests that susceptibility to one disease may protect against the other. When biological mechanisms of AD and cancer and relationship between them are understood, the unsolved problem of both diseases which still touches the growing human population could be overcome. Actual information about biological mechanisms and common risk factors such as chronic inflammation, age-related metabolic deregulation, and family history is presented here. Common signaling pathways, e.g., p53, Wnt, role of Pin1, and microRNA, are discussed as well. Much attention is also paid to the potential impact of chronic viral, bacterial, and fungal infections that are responsible for the inflammatory pathway in AD and also play a key role to cancer development. New data about common mechanisms in etiopathology of cancer and neurological diseases suggests new therapeutic strategies. Among them, the use of nilotinib, tyrosine kinase inhibitor, protein kinase C, and bexarotene is the most promising.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Zabłocka
- Laboratory of Microbiome Immunobiology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, R. Weigla 12, 53-114, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Wioletta Kazana
- Laboratory of Microbiome Immunobiology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, R. Weigla 12, 53-114, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marta Sochocka
- Laboratory of Virology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, R. Weigla 12, 53-114, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Stańczykiewicz
- Department of Nervous System Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, K. Bartla 5, 51-618, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Maria Janusz
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, R. Weigla 12, 53-114, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jerzy Leszek
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, L. Pasteura 10, 50-367, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Beata Orzechowska
- Laboratory of Virology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, R. Weigla 12, 53-114, Wroclaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Simionescu N, Zonda R, Petrovici AR, Georgescu A. The Multifaceted Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Glioblastoma: microRNA Nanocarriers for Disease Progression and Gene Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:988. [PMID: 34210109 PMCID: PMC8309075 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13070988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is the most aggressive form of brain cancer in adults, characterized by poor survival rates and lack of effective therapies. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally through specific pairing with target messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Extracellular vesicles (EVs), a heterogeneous group of cell-derived vesicles, transport miRNAs, mRNAs and intracellular proteins, and have been shown to promote horizontal malignancy into adjacent tissue, as well as resistance to conventional therapies. Furthermore, GB-derived EVs have distinct miRNA contents and are able to penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Numerous studies have attempted to identify EV-associated miRNA biomarkers in serum/plasma and cerebrospinal fluid, but their collective findings fail to identify reliable biomarkers that can be applied in clinical settings. However, EVs carrying specific miRNAs or miRNA inhibitors have great potential as therapeutic nanotools in GB, and several studies have investigated this possibility on in vitro and in vivo models. In this review, we discuss the role of EVs and their miRNA content in GB progression and resistance to therapy, with emphasis on their potential as diagnostic, prognostic and disease monitoring biomarkers and as nanocarriers for gene therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Simionescu
- Center of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (N.S.); (R.Z.); (A.R.P.)
- “Prof. Dr. Nicolae Oblu” Emergency Clinical Hospital, 2 Ateneului Street, 700309 Iasi, Romania
| | - Radu Zonda
- Center of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (N.S.); (R.Z.); (A.R.P.)
| | - Anca Roxana Petrovici
- Center of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (N.S.); (R.Z.); (A.R.P.)
| | - Adriana Georgescu
- Department of Pathophysiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “Nicolae Simionescu” of the Romanian Academy, 8 B.P. Hasdeu Street, 050568 Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Akushevich I, Yashkin AP, Yashin AI, Kravchenko J. Geographic disparities in mortality from Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. J Am Geriatr Soc 2021; 69:2306-2315. [PMID: 34009643 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.17215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The regions with highest and lowest Alzheimer's disease (AD) mortality across the United States at state/county levels were identified and their contribution to the differences in total mortality rates between these regions was evaluated. The disease, disease group, sex, race/ethnicity, and place-of-death-related inter-region differences that engender the disparity in mortality were quantitatively described. The hypothesis that inter-regional differences in filling out death certificates are a major contributor to differences in AD mortality was tested. DESIGN Retrospective evaluation of death certificate data. SETTING The United States. PARTICIPANTS Deceased US residents, 1999-2018. METHODS Region-specific age-adjusted mortality rates and group-specific rate decomposition. RESULTS The county clusters with the highest and lowest AD mortality rates were in Washington (WA) and New York (NY), respectively, with other notable high-mortality clusters on the border of Tennessee, Georgia, and Alabama as well as in North Dakota and South Dakota. These patterns were stable over the 1999-2018 period. AD had the highest contribution to total mortality difference between WA and NY (156%, higher in WA), in contrast circulatory diseases had a contribution of comparable magnitude (154%) but were higher in NY. Differences in cause-of-death certificate coding, either through coding of non-AD dementias, or other conditions accompanying a potential AD death could not account for differences in AD mortality between NY and WA. CONCLUSIONS Inter-regional differences in filling out death certificates were not a major contributor to variation in AD mortality between the regions with the highest and lowest rates. The respective mitigation of the effects of neural and circulatory diseases and several other high-impact conditions would not negate the disparity in mortality between NY and WA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Akushevich
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Arseniy P Yashkin
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Anatoliy I Yashin
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Julia Kravchenko
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Diagnosis and Management of Glioblastoma: A Comprehensive Perspective. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11040258. [PMID: 33915852 PMCID: PMC8065751 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11040258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor in adults. The current management relies on surgical resection and adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Despite advances in our understanding of glioblastoma onset, we are still faced with an increased incidence, an altered quality of life and a poor prognosis, its relapse and a median overall survival of 15 months. For the past few years, the understanding of glioblastoma physiopathology has experienced an exponential acceleration and yielded significant insights and new treatments perspectives. In this review, through an original R-based literature analysis, we summarize the clinical presentation, current standards of care and outcomes in patients diagnosed with glioblastoma. We also present the recent advances and perspectives regarding pathophysiological bases as well as new therapeutic approaches such as cancer vaccination and personalized treatments.
Collapse
|
13
|
Ambe S, Nizamutdinov D, Huang JH, Fonkem E. Incidence of Primary Central Nervous System Tumors Among the Hispanic Population in Texas 1995-2013. Cureus 2020; 12:e10235. [PMID: 33042676 PMCID: PMC7535946 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.10235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors constitute a group of rare and heterogeneous tumors. A rising incidence rate in the United States has been linked to modern changes in early diagnosis and reporting. This study aims to examine temporal incidence trends, geographic variation, and the average annual age-adjusted rates among Hispanic populations in Texas from 1995 to 2013. METHODS SEER*STAT (Surveillance Research Program, National Cancer Institute (seer.cancer.gov/seerstat) version 8.3.2) and Joinpoint Regression 4.4.0.0 (Statistical Methodology and Applications Branch, Surveillance Research Program, National Cancer Institute) software were used to analyze incidence of primary brain and CNS tumors among Texas residents. Data were obtained from the Texas Cancer Registry of the Texas Department of State Health Services. RESULTS From the 30,122 cases of primary CNS tumors diagnosed throughout the state of Texas from 2008 to 2012, the overall average annual age-adjusted incidence rate for Hispanics and non-Hispanics combined was 25.35 per 100,000 persons. Among Hispanics, West Texas had the highest incidence trends and the highest average age-adjusted incidence rate of 27.17, followed by North Texas at 26.01 and the Panhandle at 23.63. East Texas had the lowest incidence rate of 16.23. The incidence trend among Hispanics has decreased consistently at a rate of 0.83 % from 1995 to 2013. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of tumors was more pronounced in the Hispanic population in northern Texas compared with southern Texas. The presence of oil and gas production industries with farming and construction could play a role in the observed incidence of disease. Further studies with a focus on occupational health among Hispanics in Texas will be needed to elucidate the cause of such distribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Ambe
- Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA
| | | | - Jason H Huang
- Neurosurgery, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, USA
| | - Ekokobe Fonkem
- Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Dignity Health, Phoenix, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Röösli M, Lagorio S, Schoemaker MJ, Schüz J, Feychting M. Brain and Salivary Gland Tumors and Mobile Phone Use: Evaluating the Evidence from Various Epidemiological Study Designs. Annu Rev Public Health 2019; 40:221-238. [PMID: 30633716 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040218-044037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Mobile phones (MPs) are the most relevant source of radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) exposure to the brain and the salivary gland. Whether this exposure implies a cancer risk has been addressed in several case-control and few cohort studies. A meta-analysis of these studies does not show increased risks for meningioma, pituitary, and salivary gland tumors. For glioma and acoustic neuroma, the results are heterogeneous, with few case-control studies reporting substantially increased risks. However, these elevated risks are not coherent with observed incidence time trends, which are considered informative for this specific topic owing to the steep increase in MP use, the availability of virtually complete cancer registry data from many countries, and the limited number of known competing environmental risk factors. In conclusion, epidemiological studies do not suggest increased brain or salivary gland tumor risk with MP use, although some uncertainty remains regarding long latency periods (>15 years), rare brain tumor subtypes, and MP usage during childhood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Röösli
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4051 Basel, Switzerland;
- University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Susanna Lagorio
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Minouk J Schoemaker
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
| | - Joachim Schüz
- Section of Environment and Radiation, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 69372 Lyon, France
| | - Maria Feychting
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Background: Cancer mortality and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) mortality increase with age, but some studies have shown an inverse relationship of the two diseases, that is, older persons with cancer have a reduced risk of AD and vice versa. However, other analyses suggest that AD and brain tumor might be positively correlated. Objective: In the current study, we wished to determine the relationship of AD mortality to malignant brain tumor mortality in US states and counties. Methods: Data and maps of malignant brain tumor mortality and Alzheimer’s disease mortality (1999–2016) are from the CDC Wonder tool (https://wonder.cdc.gov/cmf-icd10.html). Data on malignant brain tumor types and their frequencies are from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER, https://seer.cancer.gov). Data on the genetics of lower grade glioma are from the TCGA Lower Grade Glioma (LGG) dataset in TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas). Results: SEER data indicate that astrocytomas make up 58.2% of malignant brain tumors in patients 65 and older; glioblastoma and anaplastic astrocytoma make up 41.6%. We found a significant positive correlation between AD mortality rate and malignant brain tumor mortality rate 1999–2016 in persons age 65 and older in A) 1,101 US counties, p < 0.001 and B) 50 US states, p < 0.001. Conclusion: Adult malignant brain tumors may share some environmental risks with AD. Malignant brain tumors and AD also have some genes in common: TREM2, SPI1, CD33, and INPP5D. The interaction of environment and genetics is complex and overlaps in malignant brain tumors and AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven Lehrer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Barthel FP, Wesseling P, Verhaak RGW. Reconstructing the molecular life history of gliomas. Acta Neuropathol 2018; 135:649-670. [PMID: 29616301 PMCID: PMC5904231 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-018-1842-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
At the time of their clinical manifestation, the heterogeneous group of adult and pediatric gliomas carries a wide range of diverse somatic genomic alterations, ranging from somatic single-nucleotide variants to structural chromosomal rearrangements. Somatic abnormalities may have functional consequences, such as a decrease, increase or change in mRNA transcripts, and cells pay a penalty for maintaining them. These abnormalities, therefore, must provide cells with a competitive advantage to become engrained into the glioma genome. Here, we propose a model of gliomagenesis consisting of the following five consecutive phases that glioma cells have traversed prior to clinical manifestation: (I) initial growth; (II) oncogene-induced senescence; (III) stressed growth; (IV) replicative senescence/crisis; (V) immortal growth. We have integrated the findings from a large number of studies in biology and (neuro)oncology and relate somatic alterations and other results discussed in these papers to each of these five phases. Understanding the story that each glioma tells at presentation may ultimately facilitate the design of novel, more effective therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Floris P Barthel
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center/Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Pieter Wesseling
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center/Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roel G W Verhaak
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
|
18
|
Gengenbacher N, Singhal M, Augustin HG. Preclinical mouse solid tumour models: status quo, challenges and perspectives. Nat Rev Cancer 2017; 17:751-765. [PMID: 29077691 DOI: 10.1038/nrc.2017.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oncology research in humans is limited to analytical and observational studies for obvious ethical reasons, with therapy-focused clinical trials being the one exception to this rule. Preclinical mouse tumour models therefore serve as an indispensable intermediate experimental model system bridging more reductionist in vitro research with human studies. Based on a systematic survey of preclinical mouse tumour studies published in eight scientific journals in 2016, this Analysis provides an overview of how contemporary preclinical mouse tumour biology research is pursued. It thereby identifies some of the most important challenges in this field and discusses potential ways in which preclinical mouse tumour models could be improved for better relevance, reproducibility and translatability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Gengenbacher
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mahak Singhal
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis (CBTM), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Hellmut G Augustin
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis (CBTM), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Georgakis MK, Ntinopoulou E, Chatzopoulou D, Petridou ET. Season of birth and primary central nervous system tumors: a systematic review of the literature with critical appraisal of underlying mechanisms. Ann Epidemiol 2017; 27:593-602.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2017.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
|
20
|
Gitto L, Bolino G, Cina SJ. Sudden Unexpected Deaths Due to Intracranial Meningioma: Presentation of Six Fatal Cases, Review of the Literature, and A Discussion of the Mechanisms of Death. J Forensic Sci 2017; 63:947-953. [PMID: 28834541 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.13626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Deaths due to meningiomas are routinely diagnosed in clinical practice because this neoplasm tends to present with the typical progression of neurological deficits. On the other hand, sudden unexpected deaths due to meningiomas are rarely described in the literature. The study presents six fatal cases of previously undiagnosed intracranial meningiomas from the Cook County Medical Examiner's Office from 1998 to 2014. The most common explanation of the mechanism of sudden death due to intracranial neoplasms is a rapid increase in intracranial pressure produced by the mass effect of the neoplasm. Other mechanisms of death include acute intracranial and intratumoral hemorrhage, and benign neoplasms that grow in the vicinity of vital centers altering neural discharge in autonomic pathways leading to cardiac suppression or lethal arrhythmia. Forensic pathologists must keep in mind that sudden unexpected death caused by intracranial meningiomas, although extremely rare, may be encountered in the forensic setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Gitto
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine, & Orthopedics, Sapienza University, Viale Regina Elena 336, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Bolino
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine, & Orthopedics, Sapienza University, Viale Regina Elena 336, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Stephen J Cina
- Forensic Pathology Consultant, Cina and Cina Forensic Consulting, PC, 4883 Valley Oak Drive, Loveland, CO
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Grace MS, Lynch BM, Dillon F, Barr ELM, Owen N, Dunstan DW. Joint associations of smoking and television viewing time on cancer and cardiovascular disease mortality. Int J Cancer 2017; 140:1538-1544. [PMID: 28006837 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Excessive sitting time and smoking are pro-inflammatory lifestyle factors that are associated with both cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. However, their joint associations have not been investigated. We examined the associations of television (TV) viewing time with cancer and CVD mortality, according to smoking status, among 7,498 non-smokers (34% ex-smokers) and 1,409 current-smokers in the Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study. During 117,506 person-years (median 13.6 years) of follow-up, there were 346 cancer and 209 CVD-related deaths. Including an interaction between TV time and smoking status in the model significantly improved the goodness of fit for cancer (p = 0.01) but not CVD mortality (p = 0.053). In the multivariate-adjusted model, every additional hr/d of TV time was associated with increased risk of cancer-related (HR 1.23; 95% CI 1.08-1.40), but not CVD-related mortality (HR 1.16; 95% CI 0.97-1.38) in current-smokers. Elevated multivariate-adjusted cancer mortality HRs were observed for current-smokers watching 2 to <4 hr/d (HR 1.45; 95% CI 0.78-2.71) and ≥4 hr/d (HR 2.26; 95% CI 1.10-4.64), compared to those watching <2 hr/d. Current-smokers watching 2 to <4 hr/d (HR 1.07; 95% CI 0.45-2.53) and ≥4 hr/d (HR 1.92; 95% CI 0.76-4.84) did not have a significantly higher risk of CVD mortality, compared to <2 hr/d. No associations were observed for non-smokers. These findings show an association of TV, a common sedentary behavior, with cancer mortality in current-smokers. The association with CVD mortality was less clear. Further exploration in larger data sets is warranted. Limiting TV viewing time may be of benefit in reducing cancer mortality risk in current-smokers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan S Grace
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Health Innovations Research Institute, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Brigid M Lynch
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Francis Dillon
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Elizabeth L M Barr
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Neville Owen
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - David W Dunstan
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia.,School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chen S, Gu S, Wang Y, Yao Y, Wang G, Jin Y, Wu Y. Exposure to pyrethroid pesticides and the risk of childhood brain tumors in East China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 218:1128-1134. [PMID: 27593355 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.08.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide exposure is hypothesized as one of the risk factors for the development of childhood brain tumors (CBT). This hospital-based case-control study evaluated the association of pyrethroid pesticide exposure with the risk for CBT in a children population in East China. In total, 161 CBT cases and 170 controls were recruited from 2 children's medical centers in Shanghai (Xinhua Hospital and Shanghai Children's Medical Center) between September 2012 and June 2015. The cases and controls were matched for age, sex, and province of residence. Pyrethroid pesticide exposure was evaluated by urinalysis of 3 nonspecific metabolites of pyrethroids (cis-DCCA, trans-DCCA, and 3-PBA) using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) detection and by administering a questionnaire. Unconditional logistic regression showed that trans-DCCA, 3-PBA, and total metabolites (sum of the 3 metabolites) were positively associated with the increased risk of CBT. Children in the highest quartile had a nearly 3-fold increased risk of CBT compared with those in the lowest quartile after adjusting for confounding factors (trans-DCCA, odds ratio (OR) = 2.58, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.38-4.80, p = 0.003; 3-PBA, OR = 3.26, 95% CI, 1.73-6.14, p < 0.0001; total metabolites, OR = 3.60, 95% CI, 1.87-6.93, p < 0.0001). We also found that exposure to both mosquitocide and cockroach killer was related to the increased risk of CBT (mosquitocide, OR = 1.68, 95% CI, 1.06-2.67, p = 0.027; cockroach killer, OR = 1.83, 95% CI, 1.13-2.95, p = 0.013). These findings indicate that exposure to pyrethroid pesticides might be associated with increased risk of CBT. Prospective cohort studies with larger sample sizes are required to confirm this conclusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200092, China; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuo Gu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200092, China; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yongliang Yao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoquan Wang
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Jin
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Yeming Wu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200092, China; Laboratory of Pediatric Oncology, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Quach P, El Sherif R, Gomes J, Krewksi D. A systematic review of the risk factors associated with the onset and progression of primary brain tumours. Neurotoxicology 2016; 61:214-232. [PMID: 27212451 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The overall aim of this systematic review was to identify risk factors for onset and natural progression, which were shown to increase, decrease, or have a null association with risk of primary brain tumour. For onset, the project was separated into two phases. The first phase consisted of a systematic search of existing systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Moderate to high methodological quality reviews were incorporated and summarized with relevant observational studies published since 2010, identified from a systematic search performed in phase 2. For natural progression, only the first phase was conducted. Standard systematic review methodology was utilized. Based on this review, various genetic variants, pesticide exposures, occupational farming/hairdressing, cured meat consumption and personal hair dye use appear to be associated with increased risk of onset amongst adults. The specific EGF polymorphsm 61-A allele within Caucasian populations and having a history of allergy was associated with a decreased risk. For progression, M1B-1 antigen was shown to increase the risk. High birth weight, pesticide exposure (childhood exposure, and parental occupational exposure) and maternal consumption of cured meat during pregnancy may also increase the risk of onset of childhood brain tumours. Conversely, maternal intake of pre-natal supplements (folic acid) appeared to decrease risk. Children with neurofibromatosis 2 were considered to have worse overall and relapse free survival compared to neurofibromatosis 1, as were those children who had grade III tumours compared to lesser grades.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Quach
- School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Reem El Sherif
- Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - James Gomes
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Canada
| | - Daniel Krewksi
- School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Risk Sciences International, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Sharma AK, Morrison JP, Rao DB, Pardo ID, Garman RH, Bolon B. Toxicologic Pathology Analysis for Translational Neuroscience. Int J Toxicol 2016; 35:410-9. [DOI: 10.1177/1091581816636372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A half-day American College of Toxicology continuing education course presented key issues often confronted by translational neuroscientists when predicting human risk from animal-derived toxicologic pathology data. Two talks correlated discrete structures with major functions in brains of rodents and nonrodents. The third lecture provided practical advice to obtain highly homologous rodent brain sections for quantitative morphometry in developmental neurotoxicity testing. The last presentation discussed demographic influences (eg, species, strain, sex, age), physiological attributes (eg, body composition, brain vascularity, pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic patterns, etc), and husbandry parameters (eg, group housing) recognized to impact the actions of neuroactive chemicals. Speakers described common cases of real-world challenges to animal data interpretation encountered when designing studies or extrapolating biological responses across species. The efficiency of translational neuroscience efforts will likely be enhanced as new methods (eg, high-resolution non-invasive imaging) improve our capability to cross-connect subtle anatomic and/or biochemical lesions with functional changes over time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Deepa B. Rao
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor in adults. Defining histopathologic features are necrosis and endothelial proliferation, resulting in the assignment of grade IV, the highest grade in the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of brain tumors. The classic clinical term "secondary glioblastoma" refers to a minority of glioblastomas that evolve from previously diagnosed WHO grade II or grade III gliomas. Specific point mutations of the genes encoding isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) 1 or 2 appear to define molecularly these tumors that are associated with younger age and more favorable outcome; the vast majority of glioblastomas are IDH wild-type. Typical molecular changes in glioblastoma include mutations in genes regulating receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)/rat sarcoma (RAS)/phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), p53, and retinoblastoma protein (RB) signaling. Standard treatment of glioblastoma includes surgery, radiotherapy, and alkylating chemotherapy. Promoter methylation of the gene encoding the DNA repair protein, O(6)-methylguanyl DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), predicts benefit from alkylating chemotherapy with temozolomide and guides choice of first-line treatment in elderly patients. Current developments focus on targeting the molecular characteristics that drive the malignant phenotype, including altered signal transduction and angiogenesis, and more recently, various approaches of immunotherapy.
Collapse
|
26
|
Weller M, Wick W, Aldape K, Brada M, Berger M, Pfister SM, Nishikawa R, Rosenthal M, Wen PY, Stupp R, Reifenberger G. Glioma. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2015; 1:15017. [PMID: 27188790 DOI: 10.1038/nrdp.2015.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 626] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gliomas are primary brain tumours that are thought to derive from neuroglial stem or progenitor cells. On the basis of their histological appearance, they have been traditionally classified as astrocytic, oligodendroglial or ependymal tumours and assigned WHO grades I-IV, which indicate different degrees of malignancy. Tremendous progress in genomic, transcriptomic and epigenetic profiling has resulted in new concepts of classifying and treating gliomas. Diffusely infiltrating gliomas in adults are now separated into three overarching tumour groups with distinct natural histories, responses to treatment and outcomes: isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-mutant, 1p/19q co-deleted tumours with mostly oligodendroglial morphology that are associated with the best prognosis; IDH-mutant, 1p/19q non-co-deleted tumours with mostly astrocytic histology that are associated with intermediate outcome; and IDH wild-type, mostly higher WHO grade (III or IV) tumours that are associated with poor prognosis. Gliomas in children are molecularly distinct from those in adults, the majority being WHO grade I pilocytic astrocytomas characterized by circumscribed growth, favourable prognosis and frequent BRAF gene fusions or mutations. Ependymal tumours can be molecularly subdivided into distinct epigenetic subgroups according to location and prognosis. Although surgery, radiotherapy and alkylating agent chemotherapy are still the mainstay of treatment, individually tailored strategies based on tumour-intrinsic dominant signalling pathways and antigenic tumour profiles may ultimately improve outcome. For an illustrated summary of this Primer, visit: http://go.nature.com/TXY7Ri.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Weller
- Department of Neurology and Brain Tumor Center, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 26, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Wick
- Neurology Clinic, University of Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ken Aldape
- Department of Pathology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Brada
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine and Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Liverpool and Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Mitchell Berger
- Department of Neurological Surgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Stefan M Pfister
- Division of Pediatric Neuro-Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Haematology and Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ryo Nishikawa
- Department of Neuro-Oncology and Neurosurgery, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Mark Rosenthal
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Patrick Y Wen
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Roger Stupp
- Department of Oncology and Brain Tumor Center, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Guido Reifenberger
- Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Xu C, Chen P, Liu W, Gu AH, Wang XR. Association between the XRCC1 Arg194Trp polymorphism and glioma risk: an updated meta-analysis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:7419-24. [PMID: 25227852 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.17.7419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common type of primary brain tumors. The XRCC1 Arg194Trp variant affects the proliferating cell nuclear antigen( PCNA) binding region, which suggests that this mutation may contribute to gliomagenesis and a number of articles have examine the association between XRCC1 Arg194Trp and the susceptibility to glioma. However, the results were conflicting. Test of heterogeneity, sensitivity analysis, meta- analysis, and assessment of publication bias were all performed in our present meta-analysis, covering a total of 5,407 patients and 7,715 healthy persons. In the overall analysis the XRCC1 Arg194Trp polymorphism showed a significant association with glioma susceptibility in a recessive mode l(for TrpTrp vs ArgArg+ArgTrp: OR=1.918, 95%CI=1.575-2.336, I2=2.3%). In addition, analysis of subgroups presented an increased risk in Asians and populations-based on hospitals. The results suggested that the XRCC1 Arg194Trp polymorphism is a genetic risk factor for glioma, especially in Asian population. To further evaluate gene-gene and gene-environment interactions on XRCC1 polymorphisms and glioma risk, thousands of subjects and tissue-specific biochemical characterizations are required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing ,China E-mail :
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Mutations of the human interferon alpha-2b gene in brain tumor patients exposed to different environmental conditions. Cancer Gene Ther 2015; 22:246-61. [DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2015.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
29
|
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the third most common pediatric cancer. Although NB accounts for 7% of pediatric malignancies, it is responsible for more than 10% of childhood cancer-related mortality. Prognosis and treatment are determined by clinical and biological risk factors. Estimated 5-year survival rates for patients with non-high-risk and high-risk NB are more than 90% and less than 50%, respectively. Recent clinical trials have continued to reduce therapy for patients with non-high-risk NB, including the most favorable subsets who are often followed with observation approaches. In contrast, high-risk patients are treated aggressively with chemotherapy, radiation, surgery, and myeloablative and immunotherapies.
Collapse
|
30
|
Johnson KJ, Cullen J, Barnholtz-Sloan JS, Ostrom QT, Langer CE, Turner MC, McKean-Cowdin R, Fisher JL, Lupo PJ, Partap S, Schwartzbaum JA, Scheurer ME. Childhood brain tumor epidemiology: a brain tumor epidemiology consortium review. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014; 23:2716-36. [PMID: 25192704 PMCID: PMC4257885 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-14-0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood brain tumors are the most common pediatric solid tumor and include several histologic subtypes. Although progress has been made in improving survival rates for some subtypes, understanding of risk factors for childhood brain tumors remains limited to a few genetic syndromes and ionizing radiation to the head and neck. In this report, we review descriptive and analytical epidemiology childhood brain tumor studies from the past decade and highlight priority areas for future epidemiology investigations and methodological work that is needed to advance our understanding of childhood brain tumor causes. Specifically, we summarize the results of a review of studies published since 2004 that have analyzed incidence and survival in different international regions and that have examined potential genetic, immune system, developmental and birth characteristics, and environmental risk factors. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(12); 2716-36. ©2014 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly J Johnson
- Brown School Masters of Public Health Program, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jennifer Cullen
- American Childhood Cancer Organization, Kensington, Maryland
| | - Jill S Barnholtz-Sloan
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Quinn T Ostrom
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Chelsea E Langer
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology, Carrer Doctor Aiguader, Barcelona, Spain. Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Plaça de la Mercè, Barcelona, Spain. CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Carrer Casanova, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michelle C Turner
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology, Carrer Doctor Aiguader, Barcelona, Spain. Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Plaça de la Mercè, Barcelona, Spain. CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Carrer Casanova, Barcelona, Spain. McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, Institute of Population Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roberta McKean-Cowdin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - James L Fisher
- Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Philip J Lupo
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas. Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Sonia Partap
- Division of Neurology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Judith A Schwartzbaum
- Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Michael E Scheurer
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas. Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Morrison JP, Sharma AK, Rao D, Pardo ID, Garman RH, Kaufmann W, Bolon B. Fundamentals of translational neuroscience in toxicologic pathology: optimizing the value of animal data for human risk assessment. Toxicol Pathol 2014; 43:132-9. [PMID: 25398755 DOI: 10.1177/0192623314558306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A half-day Society of Toxicologic Pathology continuing education course on "Fundamentals of Translational Neuroscience in Toxicologic Pathology" presented some current major issues faced when extrapolating animal data regarding potential neurological consequences to assess potential human outcomes. Two talks reviewed functional-structural correlates in rodent and nonrodent mammalian brains needed to predict behavioral consequences of morphologic changes in discrete neural cell populations. The third lecture described practical steps for ensuring that specimens from rodent developmental neurotoxicity tests will be processed correctly to produce highly homologous sections. The fourth talk detailed demographic factors (e.g., species, strain, sex, and age); physiological traits (body composition, brain circulation, pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic patterns, etc.); and husbandry influences (e.g., group housing) known to alter the effects of neuroactive agents. The last presentation discussed the appearance, unknown functional effects, and potential relevance to humans of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-associated vacuoles within the choroid plexus epithelium of animals. Speakers provided real-world examples of challenges with data extrapolation among species or with study design considerations that may impact the interpretability of results. Translational neuroscience will be bolstered in the future as less invasive and/or more quantitative techniques are devised for linking overt functional deficits to subtle anatomic and chemical lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Deepa Rao
- National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and Integrated Laboratory Systems, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Robert H Garman
- Consultants in Veterinary Pathology, Inc., Murrysville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Brad Bolon
- The Ohio State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Vida S, Richardson L, Cardis E, Krewski D, McBride M, Parent ME, Abrahamowicz M, Leffondré K, Siemiatycki J. Brain tumours and cigarette smoking: analysis of the INTERPHONE Canada case-control study. Environ Health 2014; 13:55. [PMID: 24972852 PMCID: PMC4088305 DOI: 10.1186/1476-069x-13-55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is conflicting evidence regarding the associations between cigarette smoking and glioma or meningioma. Our purpose is to provide further evidence on these possible associations. METHODS We conducted a set of case-control studies in three Canadian cities, Montreal, Ottawa and Vancouver. The study included 166 subjects with glioma, 93 subjects with meningioma, and 648 population-based controls. A lifetime history of cigarette smoking was collected and various smoking indices were computed. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) between smoking and each of the two types of brain tumours. RESULTS Adjusted ORs between smoking and each type of brain tumour were not significantly elevated for all smokers combined or for smokers with over 15 pack-years ((packs / day) x years) accumulated. We tested for interactions between smoking and several sociodemographic variables; the interaction between smoking and education on glioma risk was significant, with smoking showing an elevated OR among subjects with lower education and an OR below unity among subjects with higher education. CONCLUSION Except for an unexplained and possibly artefactual excess risk in one population subgroup, we found little or no evidence of an association between smoking and either glioma or meningioma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Vida
- Centre de Recherche, Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
- McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Lesley Richardson
- Centre de Recherche, Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Elisabeth Cardis
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Municipal Institute of Medical Research (IMIM), CIBERESP, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Krewski
- McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Mary McBride
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Marie-Elise Parent
- Centre de Recherche, Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Michal Abrahamowicz
- Centre de Recherche, Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
- McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Karen Leffondré
- Centre de Recherche, Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
- University of Bordeaux, ISPED, Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiology-Biostatistics, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jack Siemiatycki
- Centre de Recherche, Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Guzzo-SRC Research Chair in Environment and Cancer, Centre de Recherche, Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CHUM), 850, rue St-Denis, room S02-458, Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Gandhi S, Felini MJ, Ndetan H, Cardarelli K, Jadhav S, Faramawi M, Johnson ES. A Pilot Case-Cohort Study of Brain Cancer in Poultry and Control Workers. Nutr Cancer 2014; 66:343-50. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2013.878734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
34
|
McLean D, Fleming S, Turner MC, Kincl L, Richardson L, Benke G, Schlehofer B, Schlaefer K, Parent ME, Hours M, Krewski D, van Tongeren M, Sadetzki S, Siemiatycki J, Cardis E. Occupational solvent exposure and risk of meningioma: results from the INTEROCC multicentre case-control study. Occup Environ Med 2014; 71:253-8. [PMID: 24474387 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2013-101780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine associations between occupational exposure to selected organic solvents and meningioma. METHODOLOGY A multicentre case-control study conducted in seven countries, including 1906 cases and 5565 controls. Occupational exposure to selected classes of organic solvents (aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons and 'other' organic solvents) or seven specific solvents (benzene, toluene, trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene, 1,1,1-trichloroethylene, methylene chloride and gasoline) was assessed using lifetime occupational histories and a modified version of the FINJEM job-exposure matrix (INTEROCC-JEM). Study participants were classified as 'exposed' when they had worked in an occupation for at least 1 year, with a 5-year lag, in which the estimated prevalence of exposure was 25% or greater in the INTEROCC-JEM. Associations between meningioma and each of the solvent exposures were estimated using conditional logistic regression, adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS A total of 6.5% of study participants were ever exposed to 'any' solvent, with a somewhat greater proportion of controls (7%) ever exposed compared with cases (5%), but only one case was ever exposed to any chlorinated hydrocarbon (1,1,1-trichloroethane). No association was observed between any of the organic solvents and meningioma, in either men or women, and no dose-response relationships were observed in internal analyses using either exposure duration or cumulative exposure. DISCUSSION We found no evidence that occupational exposure to these organic solvents is associated with meningioma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dave McLean
- Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma is the most common primary brain tumour. It has a poor prognosis despite some advances in treatment that have been achieved over the last ten years. In Slovenia, 50 to 60 glioblastoma patients are diagnosed each year. In order to establish whether the current treatment options have any influence on the survival of the Slovenian glioblastoma patients, their data in the period from the beginning of the year 1997 to the end of the year 2008 have been analysed. PATIENTS AND METHODS All patients treated at the Institute of Oncology Ljubljana from 1997 to 2008 were included in the retrospective study. Demographics, treatment details, and survival time after the diagnosis were collected and statistically analysed for the group as a whole and for subgroups. RESULTS From 1997 to 2008, 527 adult patients were diagnosed with glioblastoma and referred to the Institute of Oncology for further treatment. Their median age was 59 years (from 20 to 85) and all but one had the diagnosis confirmed by a pathologist. Gross total resection was reported by surgeons in 261 (49.5%) patients; good functional status (WHO 0 or 1) after surgery was observed in 336 (63.7%) patients, radiotherapy was performed in 422 (80.1%) patients, in 317 (75.1%) of them with radical intent, and 198 (62.5 %) of those received some form of systemic treatment (usually temozolomide). The median survival of all patients amounted to 9.7 months. There was no difference in median survival of all patients or of all treated patients before or after the chemo-radiotherapy era. However, the overall survival of patients treated with radical intent was significantly better (11.4 months; p < 0.05). A better survival was also noticed in radically treated patients who received additional temozolomide therapy (11.4 vs. 13.1 months; p = 0.014). The longer survival was associated with a younger age and a good performance status as well as with a more extensive tumour resection. In patients treated with radical intent, having a good performance status, and receiving radiotherapy and additional temozolomide therapy, the survival was significantly longer, based on multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS We observed a gradual increase in the survival of glioblastoma patients who were treated with radical intent over the last ten years. Good functional surgery, advances in radiotherapy and addition of temozolomide all contributed to this increase. Though the increased survival seems to be more pronounced in certain subgroups, we have still not been able to exactly define them. Further research, especially in tumour biology and genetics is needed.
Collapse
|
36
|
Wang XF, Liu S, Shao ZK. Effects of polymorphisms in nucleotide excision repair genes on glioma risk in a Chinese population. Gene 2013; 529:317-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
37
|
Van Maele-Fabry G, Hoet P, Lison D. Parental occupational exposure to pesticides as risk factor for brain tumors in children and young adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2013; 56:19-31. [PMID: 23567326 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2013.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Revised: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the potential association between parental occupational exposure to pesticides and the occurrence of brain tumors in children and young adults. METHODS Studies identified from a MEDLINE search through 15 January 2013 and from the reference lists of identified publications were submitted to a systematic review and meta-analysis. Relative risk estimates were extracted from 20 studies published between 1974 and 2010. Most of the retrieved studies involved farm/agricultural jobs. Summary ratio estimates (SR) were calculated according to fixed and random-effect meta-analysis models. Separate analyses were conducted after stratification for study design, exposure parameters, disease definition, geographic location and age at diagnosis. RESULTS Statistically significant associations were observed for parents potentially exposed to pesticides in occupational settings and the occurrence of brain tumor in their offspring after combining all case-control studies (summary odds ratio [SOR]: 1.30; 95%: 1.11, 1.53) or all cohort studies (summary rate ratio [SRR]: 1.53; 95% CI: 1.20, 1.95). Significantly increased risks were seen for prenatal exposure windows, for either exposed parent, for exposure defined as to pesticides as well as by occupational/industry title, for astroglial brain tumors and after combining case-control studies from North America or cohort studies from Europe. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis supports an association between parental occupational exposure to pesticides and brain tumors in children and young adults, and adds to the evidence leading to the recommendation of minimizing (parental) occupational exposure to pesticides. These results must, however, be interpreted with caution because the impact of work-related factors others than pesticide exposure is not known.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geneviève Van Maele-Fabry
- Université catholique de Louvain, SSS/IREC/LTAP Louvain Center for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Avenue E. Mounier 52, bte B1.52.12, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
INTEROCC case-control study: lack of association between glioma tumors and occupational exposure to selected combustion products, dusts and other chemical agents. BMC Public Health 2013; 13:340. [PMID: 23587105 PMCID: PMC3637633 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim was to investigate possible associations between glioma (an aggressive type of brain cancer) and occupational exposure to selected agents: combustion products (diesel and gasoline exhaust emissions, benzo(a)pyrene), dusts (animal dust, asbestos, crystalline silica, wood dust) and some other chemical agents (formaldehyde, oil mist, sulphur dioxide). Methods The INTEROCC study included cases diagnosed with glioma during 2000–2004 in sub-regions of seven countries. Population controls, selected from various sampling frames in different centers, were frequency or individually matched to cases by sex, age and center. Face-to-face interviews with the subject or a proxy respondent were conducted by trained interviewers. Detailed information was collected on socio-economic and lifestyle characteristics, medical history and work history. Occupational exposure to the 10 selected agents was assessed by a job exposure matrix (JEM) which provides estimates of the probability and level of exposure for different occupations. Using a 25% probability of exposure in a given occupation in the JEM as the threshold for considering a worker exposed, the lifetime prevalence of exposure varied from about 1% to about 15% for the different agents. Associations between glioma and each of the 10 agents were estimated by conditional logistic regression, and using three separate exposure indices: i) ever vs. never; ii) lifetime cumulative exposure; iii) total duration of exposure. Results The study sample consisted of 1,800 glioma cases and 5,160 controls. Most odds ratio estimates were close to the null value. None of the ten agents displayed a significantly increased odds ratio nor any indication of dose–response relationships with cumulative exposure or with duration of exposure. Conclusion Thus, there was no evidence that these exposures influence risk of glioma.
Collapse
|
39
|
Bolon B, Garman RH, Pardo ID, Jensen K, Sills RC, Roulois A, Radovsky A, Bradley A, Andrews-Jones L, Butt M, Gumprecht L. STP position paper: Recommended practices for sampling and processing the nervous system (brain, spinal cord, nerve, and eye) during nonclinical general toxicity studies. Toxicol Pathol 2013; 41:1028-48. [PMID: 23475559 DOI: 10.1177/0192623312474865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Society of Toxicologic Pathology charged a Nervous System Sampling Working Group with devising recommended practices to routinely screen the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) in Good Laboratory Practice-type nonclinical general toxicity studies. Brains should be weighed and trimmed similarly for all animals in a study. Certain structures should be sampled regularly: caudate/putamen, cerebellum, cerebral cortex, choroid plexus, eye (with optic nerve), hippocampus, hypothalamus, medulla oblongata, midbrain, nerve, olfactory bulb (rodents only), pons, spinal cord, and thalamus. Brain regions may be sampled bilaterally in rodents using 6 to 7 coronal sections, and unilaterally in nonrodents with 6 to 7 coronal hemisections. Spinal cord and nerves should be examined in transverse and longitudinal (or oblique) orientations. Most Working Group members considered immersion fixation in formalin (for CNS or PNS) or a solution containing acetic acid (for eye), paraffin embedding, and initial evaluation limited to hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained sections to be acceptable for routine microscopic evaluation during general toxicity studies; other neurohistological methods may be undertaken if needed to better characterize H&E findings. Initial microscopic analyses should be qualitative and done with foreknowledge of treatments and doses (i.e., "unblinded"). The pathology report should clearly communicate structures that were assessed and methodological details. Since neuropathologic assessment is only one aspect of general toxicity studies, institutions should retain flexibility in customizing their sampling, processing, analytical, and reporting procedures as long as major neural targets are evaluated systematically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brad Bolon
- 1The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Fan Z, Wu Y, Shen J, Zhan R. Glutathione S-transferase M1, T1, and P1 polymorphisms and risk of glioma: a meta-analysis. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 40:1641-50. [PMID: 23079710 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-2213-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between genetic polymorphisms of glutathione S-transferase (GST) and the development of glioma has been investigated in several epidemiologic studies. However these studies report inconsistent results. In order to quantitatively summarise the evidence for such a relationship, a meta-analysis is conducted. The PubMed database was searched from inception to January 2012 to identify relevant studies that met pre-stated inclusion criteria. We also reviewed reference lists from retrieved articles. Two researchers evaluated study eligibility and extracted the data independently, and disagreements were resolved by discussion. The principal outcome measure was the odds ratio (OR) with 95 % confidence interval (CI) for the risk of glioma associated with GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1 I105V or GSTP1 A114V. This meta-analysis included 11 case-control studies, which included 2,404 glioma cases and 6,379 controls. The combined results based on all studies showed that there was no association between any of the GST variants and the risk of glioma (for GSTM1: pooled OR = 1.03; 95 % CI, 0.92-1.15; for GSTT1: pooled OR = 1.12; 95 % CI, 0.90-1.40; for GSTP1 I105V: pooled OR = 0.92; 95 % CI, 0.64-1.31 and for GSTP1 A114V: pooled OR = 1.14; 95 % CI, 0.97-1.34). Subgroup analyses showed that GSTP1 A114V genotype was associated with an increased risk of other histopathologic glioma except glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) (pooled OR = 1.30; 95 % CI = 1.06-1.60); no relationship was found between other GST variants and histopathologic groups. In conclusion, our meta-analysis suggests no association between GST variants and the risk of glioma. However, the significant risk elevation is present between GSTP1 A114V genotype and other histopathologic glioma except GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zuoxu Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 79, Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310000, People's Republic of China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Kohler BA, Ward E, McCarthy BJ, Schymura MJ, Ries LAG, Eheman C, Jemal A, Anderson RN, Ajani UA, Edwards BK. Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, 1975-2007, featuring tumors of the brain and other nervous system. J Natl Cancer Inst 2011; 103:714-36. [PMID: 21454908 PMCID: PMC3086878 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djr077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 516] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The American Cancer Society, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the National Cancer Institute, and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries (NAACCR) collaborate annually to provide updated information on cancer occurrence and trends in the United States. This year’s report highlights brain and other nervous system (ONS) tumors, including nonmalignant brain tumors, which became reportable on a national level in 2004. Methods Cancer incidence data were obtained from the National Cancer Institute, CDC, and NAACCR, and information on deaths was obtained from the CDC’s National Center for Health Statistics. The annual percentage changes in age-standardized incidence and death rates (2000 US population standard) for all cancers combined and for the top 15 cancers for men and for women were estimated by joinpoint analysis of long-term (1992–2007 for incidence; 1975–2007 for mortality) trends and short-term fixed interval (1998–2007) trends. Analyses of malignant neuroepithelial brain and ONS tumors were based on data from 1980–2007; data on nonmalignant tumors were available for 2004–2007. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results Overall cancer incidence rates decreased by approximately 1% per year; the decrease was statistically significant (P < .05) in women, but not in men, because of a recent increase in prostate cancer incidence. The death rates continued to decrease for both sexes. Childhood cancer incidence rates continued to increase, whereas death rates continued to decrease. Lung cancer death rates decreased in women for the first time during 2003–2007, more than a decade after decreasing in men. During 2004–2007, more than 213 500 primary brain and ONS tumors were diagnosed, and 35.8% were malignant. From 1987–2007, the incidence of neuroepithelial malignant brain and ONS tumors decreased by 0.4% per year in men and women combined. Conclusions The decrease in cancer incidence and mortality reflects progress in cancer prevention, early detection, and treatment. However, major challenges remain, including increasing incidence rates and continued low survival for some cancers. Malignant and nonmalignant brain tumors demonstrate differing patterns of occurrence by sex, age, and race, and exhibit considerable biologic diversity. Inclusion of nonmalignant brain tumors in cancer registries provides a fuller assessment of disease burden and medical resource needs associated with these unique tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Betsy A Kohler
- North American Association of Central Cancer Registries, Springfield, IL 62404, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Bolon B, Funk KA, Sills RC. Introduction and commentary: "toxicologic neuropathology"--and a whole lot more!: the 2010 joint STP/IFSTP international symposium on toxicologic pathology. Toxicol Pathol 2010; 39:11-4. [PMID: 21078919 DOI: 10.1177/0192623310385144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
43
|
Cabaniols C, Giorgi R, Chinot O, Ferahta N, Spinelli V, Alla P, Barrie M, Lehucher-Michel MP. Links between private habits, psychological stress and brain cancer: a case-control pilot study in France. J Neurooncol 2010; 103:307-16. [PMID: 20835749 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-010-0388-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2008] [Accepted: 08/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have increasingly suggested that medical history and lifestyle factors could be involved in the increase of cancer risk in adults. The issue whether psychological factors can influence the development of cancer has been discussed for many years. In the field of brain cancer, psychological stress has not so far been investigated. We conducted a French case-control pilot study with 122 adult incident cases and 122 controls free of any cancer diagnosis, matched for age and gender, to investigate links between malignant primitive brain tumours (MPBT) and medical history, private habits and psychological stress. Data were collected through self-administered questionnaires, and person-to-person interviews. To complete the psychological stress assessment, 100-mm visual analog scales were used. After adjustment for confounders, we found no significant effect of head trauma, aspartame, tobacco or alcohol consumption, place (rural or urban) of residence, sociodemographic data, and experience of psychological stress at work/home. Our results showed a significant association between MPBT risk and major life events over the past 5 years before diagnosis (OR = 1.90, 95% CI 1.13-3.20), family histories of cancer (OR = 1.90, 95% CI 1.12-3.22), fresh vegetable and fruit intake (OR = 0.29, 95% CI 0.09-0.95), and skipped meals several times per week (OR = 0.35, 95% CI 0.16-0.77). The present study suggests the role of genetic factors in glioma risk, and also suggests that an acute and sudden psychological stress might influence MPBT appearance. Additional large clinical studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cécilia Cabaniols
- EA3279, Evaluation Hospitalière et Santé Perçue, Université de la Méditerranée, et Unité de Consultation de Pathologie Professionnelle, Hôpital Timone Adultes, 264, rue Saint Pierre, 13385, Marseille Cedex 05, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Chen C, Xu T, Chen J, Zhou J, Yan Y, Lu Y, Wu S. Allergy and risk of glioma: a meta-analysis. Eur J Neurol 2010; 18:387-95. [PMID: 20722711 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2010.03187.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the association between allergic conditions and the risk of glioma in case-control and cohort studies published so far on this issue. A total of 12 studies (10 case-control and 2 cohort studies) were included in the analysis, involving 61 090 participants, of whom 6408 had glioma. When compared with non-allergic conditions, the pooled odds ratio (OR) with any allergic conditions for glioma was 0.60 (95% CI: 0.52-0.69, P<0.001), suggesting a significant negative association (protective effect) between allergy and glioma. Subgroup analysis showed that the ORs were 0.70 (95% CI: 0.62-0.79, P<0.001), 0.69 (95% CI: 0.62-0.78, P<0.001), and 0.78 (95% CI: 0.70-0.87, P<0.001) for asthma, eczema, and hay fever, respectively. The significant association remained even after excluding the bias of proxy reporting (OR=0.61; 95% CI: 0.50-0.75, P<0.001). We conclude that allergic conditions may significantly reduce the risk of glioma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Park JR, Eggert A, Caron H. Neuroblastoma: biology, prognosis, and treatment. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2010; 24:65-86. [PMID: 20113896 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2009.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma, a neoplasm of the sympathetic nervous system, is the second most common extracranial malignant tumor of childhood and the most common solid tumor of infancy. Neuroblastoma is a heterogeneous malignancy with prognosis ranging from near uniform survival to high risk for fatal demise. Neuroblastoma serves as a paradigm for the prognostic utility of biologic and clinical data and the potential to tailor therapy for patient cohorts at low, intermediate, and high risk for recurrence. This article summarizes our understanding of neuroblastoma biology and prognostic features and discusses their impact on current and proposed risk stratification schemas, risk-based therapeutic approaches, and the development of novel therapies for patients at high risk for failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie R Park
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine and Seattle Children's Hospital, 4800 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98105-0371, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
|
47
|
Berg-Beckhoff G, Schüz J, Blettner M, Münster E, Schlaefer K, Wahrendorf J, Schlehofer B. History of allergic disease and epilepsy and risk of glioma and meningioma (INTERPHONE study group, Germany). Eur J Epidemiol 2009; 24:433-40. [PMID: 19484497 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-009-9355-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2008] [Accepted: 05/20/2009] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present analysis was to examine the association of a medical history of asthma, hay fever, eczema, or epilepsy with the risk of glioma and meningioma. Data of a German population-based case-control study included 381 meningioma cases, 366 glioma cases, and 1,494 controls. Participants' histories of asthma, hay fever, eczema, and epilepsy and the respective ages at onset were asked during a personal interview. A small inverse association between allergic condition and both glioma (odds ratio: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.70-1.22) and meningioma (odd ratio: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.66-1.14) was found. For glioma, this inverse association was more pronounced in persons reporting to have asthma compared to other allergic conditions. The positive association between epilepsy and particularly glioma suggests that epilepsy is an early symptom of the disease. As the association was seen also for epilepsies occurring more than a decade before the diagnosis of glioma, this might indicate either an aetiological role of epilepsy, or a relatively long preclinical phase. In conclusion our study confirms previous findings of case control studies but not those from cohort studies. However, possible selection bias in case control studies might not explain the different results in its entirety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Berg-Beckhoff
- Department of Epidemiology and International Public Health, School of Public Health, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Mazumdar M, Liu CY, Wang SF, Pan PC, Wu MT, Christiani DC. No association between parental or subject occupation and brain tumor risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008; 17:1835-7. [PMID: 18628439 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-08-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maitreyi Mazumdar
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Bolon B, Anthony DC, Butt M, Dorman D, Green MV, Little PB, Valentine WM, Weinstock D, Yan J, Sills RC. “Current Pathology Techniques” Symposium Review: Advances and Issues in Neuropathology. Toxicol Pathol 2008. [DOI: 10.1177/0192623308322313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of the mechanisms that incite neurological diseases has progressed rapidly in recent years, mainly owing to the advent of new research instruments and our increasingly facile ability to assemble large, complex data sets acquired across several disciplines into an integrated representation of neural function at the molecular, cellular, and systemic levels. This mini-review has been designed to communicate the principal technical advances and current issues of importance in neuropathology research today in the context of our traditional neuropathology practices. Specific topics briefly addressed in this paper include correlative biology of the many facets of the nervous system; conventional and novel methods for investigating neural structure and function; theoretical and technical issues associated with investigating neuropathology end points in emerging areas of concern (developmental neurotoxicity, neurodegenerative conditions); and challenges and opportunities that will face pathologists in this field in the foreseeable future. We have organized this information in a manner that we hope will be of interest not only to professionals with a career focus in neuropathology, but also to general pathologists who occasionally face neuropathology questions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Douglas C. Anthony
- University of Missouri, Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Mark Butt
- Tox Path Specialists, Walkersville, Maryland, USA
| | - David Dorman
- North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Peter B. Little
- Charles River Laboratories, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | - James Yan
- Hospira Inc., Lake Forest, Illinois, USA
| | - Robert C. Sills
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
Previous studies have reported inconsistent results on the effect of anthropometric and lifestyle factors on the risk of developing glioma or meningioma tumours. A prospective cohort of 1.3 million middle-aged women was used to examine these relationships. During 7.7 million women-years of follow-up, a total of 1563 women were diagnosed with a primary incident central nervous system tumour: 646 tumours were classified as glioma and 390 as meningioma. Our results show that height is related to the incidence of all central nervous system tumours with a risk of about 20% per 10 cm increase in height (relative risk=1.19, 95% CI=1.10–1.30 per 10 cm increase in height, P<0.001): the risks did not differ significantly between specified glioma and meningioma. Body mass index (BMI) was also related to central nervous system tumour incidence, with a risk of about 20% per 10 kg m−2 increase in BMI (relative risk=1.17, 95% CI=1.03–1.34 per 10 kg m−2 increase in BMI, P=0.02). Smoking status, alcohol intake, socioeconomic level, parity, age at first birth, and oral contraceptive use were not associated with the risk of glioma or meningioma tumours. In conclusion, for women in the United Kingdom, the incidence of glioma or meningioma tumours increases with increasing height and increasing BMI.
Collapse
|