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Núñez D, Oyarzún P, González S, Martínez I. Toward biomanufacturing of next-generation bacterial nanocellulose (BNC)-based materials with tailored properties: A review on genetic engineering approaches. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 74:108390. [PMID: 38823654 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2024.108390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) is a biopolymer that is drawing significant attention for a wide range of applications thanks to its unique structure and excellent properties, such as high purity, mechanical strength, high water holding capacity and biocompatibility. Nevertheless, the biomanufacturing of BNC is hindered due to its low yield, the instability of microbial strains and cost limitations that prevent it from being mass-produced on a large scale. Various approaches have been developed to address these problems by genetically modifying strains and to produce BNC-based biomaterials with added value. These works are summarized and discussed in the present article, which include the overexpression and knockout of genes related and not related with the nanocellulose biosynthetic operon, the application of synthetic biology approaches and CRISPR/Cas techniques to modulate BNC biosynthesis. Further discussion is provided on functionalized BNC-based biomaterials with tailored properties that are incorporated in-vivo during its biosynthesis using genetically modified strains either in single or co-culture systems (in-vivo manufacturing). This novel strategy holds potential to open the road toward cost-effective production processes and to find novel applications in a variety of technology and industrial fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariela Núñez
- Departamento de Química Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile; Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Ambientes Sustentables (CIBAS), Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
| | - Patricio Oyarzún
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Arquitectura y Diseño, Universidad San Sebastián, Lientur 1457, Concepción 4080871, Chile
| | - Sebastián González
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Materiales Avanzados, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Alonso de Ribera 2850, Concepción, Chile
| | - Irene Martínez
- Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (CeBiB), University of Chile, Beauchef 851, Santiago, Chile; Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Materials, University of Chile, Beauchef 851, Santiago, Chile.
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Cavanagh Q, Brooks MSL, Rupasinghe H. Innovative technologies used to convert spent coffee grounds into new food ingredients: Opportunities, challenges, and prospects. FUTURE FOODS 2023; 8:100255. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fufo.2023.100255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2025] Open
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Moccand C, Manchala AD, Sauvageat JL, Lima A, FleuryRey Y, Glabasnia A. Improvement of Robusta coffee aroma by modulating flavor precursors in the green coffee bean with enzymatically treated spent coffee grounds: A circular approach. Food Res Int 2023; 170:112987. [PMID: 37316064 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Spent coffee grounds (SCG) are by-products obtained from the industrial process of instant coffee production or alternatively after brewing of coffee at the point of consumption. This solid residue represents one of the largest waste materials worldwide, making this fraction a rational target for valorization. The composition of SCG varies significantly depending on the brewing and extraction methods. However, this by-product is mainly composed of cellulose, hemicellulose polysaccharides and lipids. Here, we report on the enzymatic hydrolysis of industrial SCG by the use of a combination of specific carbohydrate active enzymes, enabling sugar extraction yield of 74.3 %. The generated sugar-rich extract, primarily composed of glucose (8.41 ± 1.00 % of total SCG mass) and mannose (2.88 ± 0.25 % of total SCG mass), is separated from hydrolyzed grounds and soaked with green coffee. After drying and roasting, the coffee soaked with SCG enzymatic extract displayed lower earthy, burnt and rubbery notes as well as smoother and more acidic notes in the flavor profile as compared to untreated reference. Aroma profiling performed by SPME-GC-MS corroborated the sensorial effect, with a 2-fold increase in the generation of sugar-derived molecules such as Strecker aldehydes and diketones after soaking and roasting and a 45 % and respectively 37 % reduction in phenolic compounds and pyrazines. This novel technology could represent an innovative in situ valorization stream for the coffee industry, coupled with sensory improvement of the final cup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Moccand
- Nestlé Research, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, P.O. Box 44, CH-1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland.
| | | | - Jean-Luc Sauvageat
- Nestlé Research, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, P.O. Box 44, CH-1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland.
| | - Anthony Lima
- Nestlé Research, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, P.O. Box 44, CH-1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland.
| | - Yvette FleuryRey
- Nestlé Research, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, P.O. Box 44, CH-1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland.
| | - Arne Glabasnia
- Nestlé Research, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, P.O. Box 44, CH-1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland.
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Yang F, Cao Z, Li C, Chen L, Wu G, Zhou X, Hong FF. A recombinant strain of Komagataeibacter xylinus ATCC 23770 for Production of Bacterial Cellulose from Mannose-Rich Resources. N Biotechnol 2023; 76:72-81. [PMID: 37182820 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The development of bacterial cellulose (BC) industrialization has been seriously affected by its production. Mannose/mannan is an essential component in many biomass resources, but Komagataeibacter xylinus uses mannose in an ineffective way, resulting in waste. The aim of this study was to construct recombinant bacteria to use mannose-rich biomass efficiently as an alternative and inexpensive carbon source in place of the more commonly used glucose. This strategy aimed at modification of the mannose catabolic pathway via genetic engineering of K. xylinus ATCC 23770 strain through expression of mannose kinase and phosphomannose isomerase genes from the Escherichia coli K-12 strain. Recombinant and wild-type strains were cultured under conditions of glucose and mannose respectively as sole carbon sources. The fermentation process and physicochemical properties of BC were investigated in detail in the strains cultured in mannose media. The comparison showed that with mannose as the sole carbon source, the BC yield from the recombinant strain increased by 84%, and its tensile strength and elongation were increased 1.7 fold, while Young's modulus was increased 1.3 fold. The results demonstrated a successful improvement in BC yield and properties on mannose-based medium compared with the wild-type strain. Thus, the strategy of modifying the mannose catabolic pathway of K. xylinus is feasible and has significant potential in reducing the production costs for industrial production of BC from mannose-rich biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; Group of Microbiological Engineering and Biomedical Materials, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, North Ren Min Road 2999, Shanghai 201620, China; State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China; National Advanced Functional Fiber Innovation Center, Wujiang, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhangjun Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; National Advanced Functional Fiber Innovation Center, Wujiang, Suzhou, China
| | - Can Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Lin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; National Advanced Functional Fiber Innovation Center, Wujiang, Suzhou, China
| | - Guochao Wu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Edible Mushroom Technology, School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Module-Based Breeding of High Yield and Abiotic Resistant Plants in Universities of Shandong, School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Xingping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; Group of Microbiological Engineering and Biomedical Materials, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, North Ren Min Road 2999, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Feng F Hong
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; Group of Microbiological Engineering and Biomedical Materials, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, North Ren Min Road 2999, Shanghai 201620, China; State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China; National Advanced Functional Fiber Innovation Center, Wujiang, Suzhou, China.
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San Martin D, Ibarruri J, Luengo N, Ferrer J, García-Rodríguez A, Goiri I, Atxaerandio R, Medjadbi M, Zufía J, Sáez de Cámara E, Iñarra B. Evaluation of Valorisation Strategies to Improve Spent Coffee Grounds' Nutritional Value as an Ingredient for Ruminants' Diets. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13091477. [PMID: 37174514 PMCID: PMC10177294 DOI: 10.3390/ani13091477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lignin in animal diets is a limiting factor due to its low digestibility. This study assessed the effects of thermal or mechanical pre-treatments and enzymatic hydrolysis on spent coffee grounds' (SCG) nutritional value and digestibility. A first trial studied the effect of thermal pre-treatment and hydrolysis with removal of the liquid part and a second trial studied mechanical pre-treatment and hydrolysis with and without removal of the liquid part. Autoclaving did not improve the enzymatic performance nor the nutritional value. Hydrolysis reduced the digestibility of the solid phase and impaired its ruminal fermentation efficiency. Hydrolysates without removing the liquid part improved its nutritional value, but not compared with unprocessed SCG. Grinding increased crude protein and reduced crude fibre and protein, which led to greater fermentation and in vitro digestibility. Thus, grinding emerges as the most promising valorisation strategy to improve SCG nutritional characteristics and their use for animal feed, contributing to the circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David San Martin
- AZTI, Food Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Astondo Bidea, Edificio 609, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Jone Ibarruri
- AZTI, Food Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Astondo Bidea, Edificio 609, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Nagore Luengo
- AZTI, Food Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Astondo Bidea, Edificio 609, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Jorge Ferrer
- AZTI, Food Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Astondo Bidea, Edificio 609, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Aser García-Rodríguez
- NEIKER, Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Campus Agroalimentario de Arkaute s/n, 01192 Arkaute, Spain
| | - Idoia Goiri
- NEIKER, Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Campus Agroalimentario de Arkaute s/n, 01192 Arkaute, Spain
| | - Raquel Atxaerandio
- NEIKER, Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Campus Agroalimentario de Arkaute s/n, 01192 Arkaute, Spain
| | - Mounir Medjadbi
- NEIKER, Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Campus Agroalimentario de Arkaute s/n, 01192 Arkaute, Spain
| | - Jaime Zufía
- AZTI, Food Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Astondo Bidea, Edificio 609, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Estíbaliz Sáez de Cámara
- Faculty of Engineering Bilbao, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Ingeniero Torres Quevedo Plaza, 1, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Bruno Iñarra
- AZTI, Food Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Astondo Bidea, Edificio 609, 48160 Derio, Spain
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Magengelele M, Malgas S, Pletschke BI. Bioconversion of spent coffee grounds to prebiotic mannooligosaccharides - an example of biocatalysis in biorefinery. RSC Adv 2023; 13:3773-3780. [PMID: 36756573 PMCID: PMC9890647 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07605e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Spent coffee ground (SCG), an agro-industrial waste, have a high content of polysaccharides such as mannan, making it ideal for utilisation for the production of nutraceutical oligosaccharides. Recently, there has been growing interest in the production of mannooligosaccharides (MOS) for health promotion in humans and animals. MOS are reported to exhibit various bioactive properties, including prebiotic and antioxidant activity. In this study, SCG was Vivinal pretreated using NaOH, characterized and hydrolysed using a Bacillus sp. derived endo-β-1,4-mannanase, Man26A, for MOS production. Structural analyses using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were conducted to assess the efficacy of the pretreatment. Lignin removal by the pretreatment from SCG was clearly shown by TGA. FT-IR, on the other hand, showed the presence of α-linked d-galactopyranoside (812 cm-1) and β-linked d-mannopyranoside residues (817 cm-1) in both SCG samples, signifying the presence of mannan. Hydrolysis of pretreated SCG by Man26A produced mannobiose and mannotriose as the main MOS products. The effect of simulated gastric conditions on the MOS was investigated and showed this product to be suitable for oral administration. Finally, the prebiotic effect of the MOS on the growth of selected beneficial bacteria was investigated in vitro; showing that it enhanced Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Bacillus subtilis and Streptococcus thermophilus growth. These findings suggest that SCG is a viable source for the production of MOS which can be orally administered as prebiotics for effecting luxuriant growth of probiotic bacteria in the host's digestive tract, leading to a good health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihle Magengelele
- Enzyme Science Programme (ESP), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University Makhanda (Grahamstown) 6140 Eastern Cape South Africa
| | - Samkelo Malgas
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of PretoriaHatfield 0002GautengSouth Africa
| | - Brett I. Pletschke
- Enzyme Science Programme (ESP), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes UniversityMakhanda (Grahamstown) 6140Eastern CapeSouth Africa
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Lauberts M, Mierina I, Pals M, Latheef MAA, Shishkin A. Spent Coffee Grounds Valorization in Biorefinery Context to Obtain Valuable Products Using Different Extraction Approaches and Solvents. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:30. [PMID: 36616167 PMCID: PMC9823728 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The valuable products that can be isolated from spent coffee ground (SCG) biomass consist of a high number of bioactive components, which are suitable for further application as raw materials in various production chains. This paper presents the potential value of the SCG obtained from large and local coffee beverage producers, for the production of valuable, biologically active products. Despite its high potential, SCG has not been utilized to its full potential value, but is instead discarded as waste in landfills. During its decomposition, SCG emits a large amount of CO2 and methane each year. The main novelty of our work is the implementation of sequential extraction with solvents of increased polarity that allows for the maximal removal of the available extractives. In addition, we have compared different extraction techniques, such as conventional and Soxhlet extraction, with more effective accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), which has seen relatively little use in terms of SCG extraction. By comparing these extraction methods and highlighting the key differences between them in terms of extraction yield and obtained extract composition, this work offers key insights for further SCG utilization. By using sequential and one-step accelerated solvent extraction, it is possible to obtain a significant number of extractives from SCG, with a yield above 20% of the starting biomass. The highest yield is for coffee oil, which is obtained with n-hexane ranging between 12% and 14% using accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) according to the scheme: n-hexane→ethyl acetate→60% ethanol. Using single-stage extraction, increasing the ethanol concentration also increases the total phenolic content (TPC) and it ranges between 18.7-23.9 Gallic acid equivalent (GAE) mg/g. The iodine values in the range of 164-174 using ASE and Soxhlet extraction shows that the hexane extracts contain a significant amount of unsaturated fatty acids; coffee oils with a low acid number, in the range of 4.74-6.93, contain few free fatty acids. The characterization of separated coffee oil has shown that it mainly consists of linoleic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid and a small number of phenolic-type compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maris Lauberts
- Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia
| | - Inese Mierina
- Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Paula Valdena Str. 3, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
| | - Matiss Pals
- Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia
| | - Mohammed Ammar Abdul Latheef
- Riga Biomaterials Innovations and Development Centre of RTU, Institute of General Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Pulka 3, K-3, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
| | - Andrei Shishkin
- Riga Biomaterials Innovations and Development Centre of RTU, Institute of General Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Pulka 3, K-3, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
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Papoutsidakis GI, Buckin V. Real-time monitoring of enzymatic hydrolysis of 1,3(4)-β-glucan with high-resolution ultrasonic spectroscopy. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.108426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Battista F, Zuliani L, Rizzioli F, Fusco S, Bolzonella D. Biodiesel, biogas and fermentable sugars production from Spent coffee Grounds: A cascade biorefinery approach. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 342:125952. [PMID: 34563824 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Spent coffee grounds are rich in high-value compounds, such as saturate and unsaturated fatty acids, and polysaccharides. Therefore, this work investigated a cascade biorefinery to produce: i) biodiesel from coffee oils, ii) cellulose- and hemicellulose-derived fermentable sugars and iii) biomethane from the residual solid fraction after sugars extraction. Transesterification reached the best performances of 86% w/w of fatty acid methyl esters using 1:8 coffee oil/methanol ratio and 2% w/w of KOH as catalyst. The use of glycerol for the pretreatment of spent coffee grounds allowed the internal circulation of a process leftover from transesterification; thus, avoiding the use of clean water. In the best conditions, the total released fermentable sugars were about 40-50% (w/w) on dry weight basis. The low content of easily degradable compounds led to a low methane production of 50 LCH4/kgVS, indicating the need to search for better performing alternatives to close the biorefinery loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Battista
- Chemical, Environment and Bioprocesses Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy.
| | - Luca Zuliani
- Biochemistry and Industrial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Fabio Rizzioli
- Chemical, Environment and Bioprocesses Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Salvatore Fusco
- Biochemistry and Industrial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - David Bolzonella
- Chemical, Environment and Bioprocesses Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
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Prandi B, Ferri M, Monari S, Zurlini C, Cigognini I, Verstringe S, Schaller D, Walter M, Navarini L, Tassoni A, Sforza S, Tedeschi T. Extraction and Chemical Characterization of Functional Phenols and Proteins from Coffee ( Coffea arabica) By-Products. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1571. [PMID: 34827569 PMCID: PMC8615506 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Not all the coffee produced goes to the roasting stage, because non-compliant green coffee beans are usually discarded by roasters and the silverskin of the coffee is usually removed and discarded. In the present work, non-compliant green coffee beans and coffee silverskins were fully characterized from a chemical point of view. In addition, enzyme-assisted extraction was applied to recover a fraction rich in proteins and polyphenols, tested for antimicrobial, antityrosinase, and antioxidant activities. Non-compliant green coffee beans showed higher amounts of polyphenols, flavanols, flavonoids, and caffeine than coffee silverskins (which were richer in tannins). The enzymatic extraction of non-compliant coffee green beans produced extracts with a good protein content and with a consistent quantity of polyphenols. The extract showed antioxidant, antityrosinase, and antimicrobial activity, thus representing a promising strategy to recover defective green coffee beans. The antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of coffee silver skins is lower than that of non-compliant coffee green beans extracts, while the antityrosinase activity is comparable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Prandi
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (B.P.); (S.S.)
| | - Maura Ferri
- Department of Civil, Chemical Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 2, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Stefania Monari
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta S. Donato 1, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (S.M.); (A.T.)
| | - Chiara Zurlini
- Stazione Sperimentale per l’Industria delle Conserve Alimentari, Viale Tanara 31/A, 43121 Parma, Italy; (C.Z.); (I.C.)
| | - Ilaria Cigognini
- Stazione Sperimentale per l’Industria delle Conserve Alimentari, Viale Tanara 31/A, 43121 Parma, Italy; (C.Z.); (I.C.)
| | | | - Dennis Schaller
- IGV GmbH, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 40-41, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; (D.S.); (M.W.)
| | - Martha Walter
- IGV GmbH, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 40-41, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; (D.S.); (M.W.)
| | | | - Annalisa Tassoni
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta S. Donato 1, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (S.M.); (A.T.)
| | - Stefano Sforza
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (B.P.); (S.S.)
| | - Tullia Tedeschi
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (B.P.); (S.S.)
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Hlalukana N, Magengelele M, Malgas S, Pletschke BI. Enzymatic Conversion of Mannan-Rich Plant Waste Biomass into Prebiotic Mannooligosaccharides. Foods 2021; 10:2010. [PMID: 34574120 PMCID: PMC8468410 DOI: 10.3390/foods10092010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing demand in novel food products for well-being and preventative medicine has attracted global attention on nutraceutical prebiotics. Various plant agro-processes produce large amounts of residual biomass considered "wastes", which can potentially be used to produce nutraceutical prebiotics, such as manno-oligosaccharides (MOS). MOS can be produced from the degradation of mannan. Mannan has a main backbone consisting of β-1,4-linked mannose residues (which may be interspersed by glucose residues) with galactose substituents. Endo-β-1,4-mannanases cleave the mannan backbone at cleavage sites determined by the substitution pattern and thus give rise to different MOS products. These MOS products serve as prebiotics to stimulate various types of intestinal bacteria and cause them to produce fermentation products in different parts of the gastrointestinal tract which benefit the host. This article reviews recent advances in understanding the exploitation of plant residual biomass via the enzymatic production and characterization of MOS, and the influence of MOS on beneficial gut microbiota and their biological effects (i.e., immune modulation and lipidemic effects) as observed on human and animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Samkelo Malgas
- Enzyme Science Programme (ESP), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, Eastern Cape, South Africa; (N.H.); (M.M.); (B.I.P.)
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12
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Dawood A, Ma K. Applications of Microbial β-Mannanases. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:598630. [PMID: 33384989 PMCID: PMC7770148 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.598630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mannans are main components of hemicellulosic fraction of softwoods and they are present widely in plant tissues. β-mannanases are the major mannan-degrading enzymes and are produced by different plants, animals, actinomycetes, fungi, and bacteria. These enzymes can function under conditions of wide range of pH and temperature. Applications of β-mannanases have therefore, been found in different industries such as animal feed, food, biorefinery, textile, detergent, and paper and pulp. This review summarizes the most recent studies reported on potential applications of β-mannanases and bioengineering of β-mannanases to modify and optimize their key catalytic properties to cater to growing demands of commercial sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneesa Dawood
- Department of Microbiology, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Kesen Ma
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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Barcelos MCS, Ramos CL, Kuddus M, Rodriguez-Couto S, Srivastava N, Ramteke PW, Mishra PK, Molina G. Enzymatic potential for the valorization of agro-industrial by-products. Biotechnol Lett 2020; 42:1799-1827. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-020-02957-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Molecular Cloning, Expression and Biochemical Characterization of a Family 5 Glycoside Hydrolase First Endo-Mannanase (RfGH5_7) from Ruminococcus flavefaciens FD-1 v3. Mol Biotechnol 2019; 61:826-835. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-019-00205-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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15
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16
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Ravindran R, Desmond C, Jaiswal S, Jaiswal AK. Optimisation of organosolv pretreatment for the extraction of polyphenols from spent coffee waste and subsequent recovery of fermentable sugars. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biteb.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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17
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Kovalcik A, Obruca S, Marova I. Valorization of spent coffee grounds: A review. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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18
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Suzuki K, Michikawa M, Sato H, Yuki M, Kamino K, Ogasawara W, Fushinobu S, Kaneko S. Purification, Cloning, Functional Expression, Structure, and Characterization of a Thermostable β-Mannanase from Talaromyces trachyspermus B168 and Its Efficiency in Production of Mannooligosaccharides from Coffee Wastes. J Appl Glycosci (1999) 2018; 65:13-21. [PMID: 34354508 PMCID: PMC8056896 DOI: 10.5458/jag.jag.jag-2017_018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly thermostable β-mannanase, belonging to glycoside hydrolase family 5 subfamily 7, was purified from the culture supernatant of Talaromyces trachyspermus B168 and the cDNA of its transcript was cloned. The recombinant enzyme showed maximal activity at pH 4.5 and 85 °C. It retained more than 90 % of its activity below 60 °C. Obtaining the crystal structure of the enzyme helped us to understand the mechanism of its thermostability. An antiparallel β-sheet, salt-bridges, hydrophobic packing, proline residues in the loops, and loop shortening are considered to be related to the thermostability of the enzyme. The enzyme hydrolyzed mannans such as locust bean gum, carob galactomannan, guar gum, konjac glucomannan, and ivory nut mannan. It hydrolyzed 50.7 % of the total mannans from coffee waste, producing mannooligosaccharides. The enzyme has the highest optimum temperature among the known fungal β-mannanases and has potential for use in industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mari Michikawa
- 2 Food Biotechnology Division, National Food Research Institute
| | - Haruna Sato
- 3 Department of Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology
| | - Masahiro Yuki
- 3 Department of Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology
| | - Kei Kamino
- 4 Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology and Evaluation
| | - Wataru Ogasawara
- 3 Department of Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology
| | | | - Satoshi Kaneko
- 2 Food Biotechnology Division, National Food Research Institute.,5 Department of Subtropical Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus
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Ravindran R, Jaiswal S, Abu-Ghannam N, Jaiswal AK. Two-step sequential pretreatment for the enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis of coffee spent waste. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 239:276-284. [PMID: 28531852 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, eight different pretreatments of varying nature (physical, chemical and physico-chemical) followed by a sequential, combinatorial pretreatment strategy was applied to spent coffee waste to attain maximum sugar yield. Pretreated samples were analysed for total reducing sugar, individual sugars and generation of inhibitory compounds such as furfural and hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) which can hinder microbial growth and enzyme activity. Native spent coffee waste was high in hemicellulose content. Galactose was found to be the predominant sugar in spent coffee waste. Results showed that sequential pretreatment yielded 350.12mg of reducing sugar/g of substrate, which was 1.7-fold higher than in native spent coffee waste (203.4mg/g of substrate). Furthermore, extensive delignification was achieved using sequential pretreatment strategy. XRD, FTIR, and DSC profiles of the pretreated substrates were studied to analyse the various changes incurred in sequentially pretreated spent coffee waste as opposed to native spent coffee waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Ravindran
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, College of Sciences and Health, Dublin Institute of Technology, Cathal Brugha Street, Dublin 1, Ireland
| | - Swarna Jaiswal
- Centre for Research in Engineering and Surface Technology, FOCAS Institute, Dublin Institute of Technology, Kevin Street, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Nissreen Abu-Ghannam
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, College of Sciences and Health, Dublin Institute of Technology, Cathal Brugha Street, Dublin 1, Ireland
| | - Amit K Jaiswal
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, College of Sciences and Health, Dublin Institute of Technology, Cathal Brugha Street, Dublin 1, Ireland.
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20
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Solid-State Fermentation as a Novel Paradigm for Organic Waste Valorization: A Review. SUSTAINABILITY 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/su9020224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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21
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Scully DS, Jaiswal AK, Abu-Ghannam N. An Investigation into Spent Coffee Waste as a Renewable Source of Bioactive Compounds and Industrially Important Sugars. Bioengineering (Basel) 2016; 3:E33. [PMID: 28952594 PMCID: PMC5597276 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering3040033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional coffee brewing techniques generate vast quantities of spent espresso grounds (SEGs) rich in lignocellulose and valuable bioactives. These bioactive compounds can be exploited as a nutraceutical or used in a range of food products, while breakdown of lignocellulose generates metabolizable sugars that can be used for the production of various high-value products such as biofuels, amino acids and enzymes. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the enzymatic saccharification of lignocellulose in SEGs following a hydrothermal pretreatment. A maximum reducing sugar yield was obtained at the following optimized hydrolysis conditions: 4.97 g of pretreated SEGs, 120 h reaction time, and 1246 and 250 µL of cellulase and hemicellulase, respectively. Industrially important sugars (glucose, galactose and mannose) were identified as the principal hydrolysis products under the studied conditions. Total flavonoids (p = 0.0002), total polyphenols (p = 0.03) and DPPH free-radical scavenging activity (p = 0.004) increased significantly after processing. A 14-fold increase in caffeine levels was also observed. This study provides insight into SEGs as a promising source of industrially important sugars and polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damhan S Scully
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, College of Sciences and Health, Dublin Institute of Technology, Cathal Brugha Street, Dublin 1, Ireland.
| | - Amit K Jaiswal
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, College of Sciences and Health, Dublin Institute of Technology, Cathal Brugha Street, Dublin 1, Ireland.
| | - Nissreen Abu-Ghannam
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, College of Sciences and Health, Dublin Institute of Technology, Cathal Brugha Street, Dublin 1, Ireland.
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Optimization of High Solids Dilute Acid Hydrolysis of Spent Coffee Ground at Mild Temperature for Enzymatic Saccharification and Microbial Oil Fermentation. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 180:753-765. [PMID: 27179516 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2130-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Soluble coffee, being one of the world's most popular consuming drinks, produces a considerable amount of spent coffee ground (SCG) along with its production. The SCG could function as a potential lignocellulosic feedstock for production of bioproducts. The objective of this study is to investigate the possible optimal condition of dilute acid hydrolysis (DAH) at high solids and mild temperature condition to release the reducing sugars from SCG. The optimal condition was found to be 5.3 % (w/w) sulfuric acid concentration and 118 min reaction time. Under the optimal condition, the mean yield of reducing sugars from enzymatic saccharification of defatted SCG acid hydrolysate was 563 mg/g. The SCG hydrolysate was then successfully applied to culture Lipomyces starkeyi for microbial oil fermentation without showing any inhibition. The results suggested that dilute acid hydrolysis followed by enzymatic saccharification has the great potential to convert SCG carbohydrates to reducing sugars. This study is useful for the further developing of biorefinery using SCG as feedstock at a large scale.
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Qiao W, Mohammad S, Takayanagi K, Li YY. Thermophilic anaerobic co-digestion of coffee grounds and excess sludge: long term process stability and energy production. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra15581e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this research, thermophilic anaerobic digestion of coffee grounds and sludge was carried out using a 12 liter continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR) to identify the inhibitory factors and to evaluate the energy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qiao
- College of Engineering
- China Agriculture University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Shofie Mohammad
- Department of Environmental Science
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies
- Tohoku University
- Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Takayanagi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Tohoku University
- Japan
| | - Yu-you Li
- Department of Environmental Science
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies
- Tohoku University
- Japan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
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Bittner A, Cramer B, Humpf HU. Matrix binding of ochratoxin A during roasting. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:12737-12743. [PMID: 24328070 DOI: 10.1021/jf403984x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The mycotoxin ochratoxin A is degraded during coffee roasting by up to 90%. During this process, the two known degradation products, 14R-ochratoxin A and 14-decarboxy-ochratoxin A are formed. However, there is still an unexplained loss of more than 50% ochratoxin A. Here, we describe the binding of ochratoxin A to coffee polysaccharides via esterification as a further thermal reaction. This ester formation was studied by heating ochratoxin A with methyl α-d-glucopyranoside, a model compound to mimic polysaccharides. From this experiment, (22 → 6') ochratoxin A-methyl-α-d-glucopyranoside ester was isolated and characterized as a reaction product, showing the general ability of ochratoxin A for esterification with carbohydrates at roasting temperatures. Subsequently, a sample preparation protocol for the detection of ochratoxin A saccharide esters based on an enzymatic cleavage and purification using immunoaffinity chromatography was developed and applied. The detection was carried out by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Using this method, it was possible to detect ochratoxin A polysaccharide esters formed during roasting of artificially contaminated coffee, confirming the results of the previous model experiments. Thus, the formation of ochratoxin A esters is a further explanation for the loss of ochratoxin A during coffee roasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bittner
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 45, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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