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Kieliszek M, Bano I, Zare H. A Comprehensive Review on Selenium and Its Effects on Human Health and Distribution in Middle Eastern Countries. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:971-987. [PMID: 33884538 PMCID: PMC8761138 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02716-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an important microelement with numerous positive effects on human health and diseases. It is important to specify that the status and consumption of Se are for a specific community as the levels of Se are extremely unpredictable between different populations and regions. Our existing paper was based on the impacts of Se on human health and disease along with data on the Se levels in Middle Eastern countries. Overall, the findings of this comprehensive review show that the consumption and levels of Se are inadequate in Middle Eastern nations. Such findings, together with the growing awareness of the importance of Se to general health, require further work primarily on creating an acceptable range of blood Se concentration or other measures to determine optimal Se consumption and, consequently, to guarantee adequate Se supplementation in populations at high risk of low Se intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Kieliszek
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iqra Bano
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences Sakrand, Sindh, 67210 Pakistan
| | - Hamed Zare
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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Michelsen-Correa S, Martin CF, Kirk AB. Evaluation of Fetal Exposures to Metals and Metalloids through Meconium Analyses: A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18041975. [PMID: 33670707 PMCID: PMC7922990 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This paper surveys the existing scientific literature on metals concentrations in meconium. We examine some 32 papers that analyzed meconium for aluminum, arsenic, barium, calcium, chromium, copper, iron, lithium, magnesium, manganese, zinc, lead, mercury, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, phosphorus, lead, antimony, selenium, tin, vanadium, and zinc. Because of the lack of detail in the statistics it is not possible to do a rigorous meta-analysis. What stands out is that almost every study had subjects with seemingly large amounts of at least one of the metals. The significance of metals in meconium is not clear beyond an indication of exposure although some studies have correlated metals in meconium to a number of adverse outcomes. A number of outstanding questions have been identified that, if resolved, would greatly increase the utility of meconium analysis for assessment of long-term gestational metals exposures. Among these are questions of the developmental and long-term significance of metals detected in meconium, the kinetics and interactions among metals in maternal and fetal compartments and questions on best methods for meconium analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephani Michelsen-Correa
- AAAS Science & Technology Policy Fellow Hosted by EPA Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention, Biopesticides and Pollution Prevention Division, Washington, DC 20004, USA;
| | - Clyde F. Martin
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Andrea B. Kirk
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA;
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Sánchez C, Fente C, Barreiro R, López-Racamonde O, Cepeda A, Regal P. Association between Breast Milk Mineral Content and Maternal Adherence to Healthy Dietary Patterns in Spain: A Transversal Study. Foods 2020; 9:foods9050659. [PMID: 32443751 PMCID: PMC7278811 DOI: 10.3390/foods9050659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The composition of breast milk is influenced by many factors, some of which dependent on the mother and others on the child. Changes in lactation and other factors depending on the mother's physiology and anthropometric characteristics, as well as her nutritional status and diet, are of key importance. Breast milk minerals have been extensively studied with highly uneven results. In this work, a comparison will made with data across the world. To understand the factors that might explain the disparity, several minerals (Na, K, Ca, P, Mg, Fe, Se and I) have been analyzed using ICP-MS in a set of human milk samples (n = 75). The samples had an identical geographical origin (Galicia, in northwestern Spain) but different lactation circumstances, including maternal anthropometric data, lactating time, newborn sex and maternal adherence to healthy dietary patterns (Mediterranean Diet, MD, or Atlantic Diet, AD). The required concentrations of essential elements reported in the literature are similar to those found in these Spanish women. A univariate approach revealed that factors such as lactating time, body mass index (BMI) and newborn sex have a significant influence in breastmilk mineral content. According to multivariate linear regression analysis, minerals in milk are particularly associated with lactating time, but also with newborn sex, maternal BMI, age and diet pattern in some cases. More precisely, these results suggest that the iron and selenium concentrations in the milk of Galician donors may be positively influenced by maternal adherence to AD and MD, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Sánchez
- Pharmacy Faculty, Campus Monteprincipe, San Pablo-CEU University, 28668 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Cristina Fente
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Santiago de Compostela University, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (R.B.); (O.L.-R.); (A.C.); (P.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-600-942349
| | - Rocío Barreiro
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Santiago de Compostela University, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (R.B.); (O.L.-R.); (A.C.); (P.R.)
| | - Olga López-Racamonde
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Santiago de Compostela University, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (R.B.); (O.L.-R.); (A.C.); (P.R.)
- Midwifery Service at San Roque Health Center, SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saúde), 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Alberto Cepeda
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Santiago de Compostela University, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (R.B.); (O.L.-R.); (A.C.); (P.R.)
| | - Patricia Regal
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Santiago de Compostela University, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (R.B.); (O.L.-R.); (A.C.); (P.R.)
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Arias-Borrego A, Callejón-Leblic B, Rodríguez-Moro G, Velasco I, Gómez-Ariza JL, García-Barrera T. A novel HPLC column switching method coupled to ICP-MS/QTOF for the first determination of selenoprotein P (SELENOP) in human breast milk. Food Chem 2020; 321:126692. [PMID: 32251923 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we describe for the first time the presence of selenoprotein P in human breast milk. To this end, a novel analytical method has been developed based on a two-dimensional column switching system, which consisted of three size exclusion columns and one affinity column coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The method combines the accurate quantification of selenoproteins and selenometabolites by species unspecific isotopic dilution ICP-MS, with unequivocal identification by quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Several selenopeptides, which contain the amino acid selenocysteine (U, SeCys), were identified after tryptic digestion followed by their separation. The results reveal that the relative selenium concentration in colostrum follows the order: glutathione peroxidase (GPX) ≈ selenoprotein P (SELENOP) > selenocystamine (SeCA) > other selenometabolites (SeMB), in contrast with previously published papers (GPX > SeCA > selenocystine > selenomethionine). A mean concentration of 20.1 ± 1.0 ng Se g-1 as SELENOP (1.45 μg SELENOP/g) was determined in colostrum (31% of total selenium).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Arias-Borrego
- Research Center for Natural Resources, Health and The ENvironment (RENSMA), Department of Chemistry "Prof. J.C Vílchez Martín", University of Huelva, Fuerzas Armadas Ave., 21007 Huelva, Spain
| | - B Callejón-Leblic
- Research Center for Natural Resources, Health and The ENvironment (RENSMA), Department of Chemistry "Prof. J.C Vílchez Martín", University of Huelva, Fuerzas Armadas Ave., 21007 Huelva, Spain
| | - G Rodríguez-Moro
- Research Center for Natural Resources, Health and The ENvironment (RENSMA), Department of Chemistry "Prof. J.C Vílchez Martín", University of Huelva, Fuerzas Armadas Ave., 21007 Huelva, Spain
| | - I Velasco
- Pediatrics, Obstetrics & Gynecology Unit, Hospital de Riotinto, Avda la Esquila 5, 21.660 Minas de Riotinto, Huelva, Spain
| | - J L Gómez-Ariza
- Research Center for Natural Resources, Health and The ENvironment (RENSMA), Department of Chemistry "Prof. J.C Vílchez Martín", University of Huelva, Fuerzas Armadas Ave., 21007 Huelva, Spain.
| | - T García-Barrera
- Research Center for Natural Resources, Health and The ENvironment (RENSMA), Department of Chemistry "Prof. J.C Vílchez Martín", University of Huelva, Fuerzas Armadas Ave., 21007 Huelva, Spain.
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Ibrahim SAZ, Kerkadi A, Agouni A. Selenium and Health: An Update on the Situation in the Middle East and North Africa. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071457. [PMID: 31252568 PMCID: PMC6682981 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an important trace element that should be present in the diet of all age groups to provide an adequate intake. Se is incorporated in 25 known selenoproteins, which mediate the biological effects of Se including, immune response regulation, maintenance of thyroid function, antioxidant defense, and anti-inflammatory actions. A balanced intake of Se is critical to achieve health benefits because depending on its status, Se has been found to play physiological roles or contribute to the pathophysiology of various diseases including, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular disorders. Se status and intake are very important to be known for a specific population as the levels of Se are highly variable among different populations and regions. In the Middle East and North African (MENA) region, very little is known about the status of Se. Studies available show that Se status is widely variable with some countries being deficient, some over sufficient, and some sufficient. This variability was apparent even within the same country between regions. In this review, we summarized the key roles of Se in health and disease and discussed the available data on Se status and intake among countries of the MENA region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohayla A Z Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdelhamid Kerkadi
- Department of Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, QU health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdelali Agouni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
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Bebars GM, Kamel BA, Allam E. Comparison between preterm and full term neonatal cord selenium in correlation to maternal serum selenium levels. EGYPTIAN PEDIATRIC ASSOCIATION GAZETTE 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.epag.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Abstract
The deficiency of Se, an essential micronutrient, has been implicated in adverse pregnancy outcomes. Our study was designed to determine total serum Se, selenoproteins (extracellular glutathione peroxidase (GPx-3), selenoprotein P (SeP)), selenoalbumin (SeAlb) and selenometabolites in healthy women and their newborns at delivery. This cross-sectional study included eighty-three healthy mother-baby couples. Total Se and Se species concentrations were measured in maternal and umbilical cord sera by an in-series coupling of two-dimensional size-exclusion and affinity HPLC. Additional measurements of serum SeP concentration and of serum GPx-3 enzyme activity were carried out using ELISA. Total Se concentration was significantly higher in maternal serum than in cord serum (68·9 (sd 15·2) and 56·1 (sd 14·6) µg/l, respectively; P<0·01). There were significant correlations between selenoprotein and SeAlb concentrations in mothers and newborns, although they also showed significant differences in GPx-3 (11·2 (sd 3·7) v. 10·5 (sd 3·5) µg/l; P<0·01), SeP (42·5 (sd 9·5) v. 28·1 (sd 7·7) µg/l; P<0·01) and SeAlb (11·6 (sd 3·6) v. 14·1 (sd 4·3) µg/l; P<0·01) concentrations in maternal and cord sera, respectively. Serum GPx-3 activity and concentration were positively correlated in mothers (r 0·33; P=0·038) but not in newborns. GPx-3 activity in cord serum was significantly correlated with gestational age (r 0·44; P=0·009). SeAlb concentration was significantly higher in babies, whereas SeP and GPx-3 concentrations were significantly higher in mothers. The differences cannot be explained by simple diffusion; specific transfer mechanisms are probably involved. GPx-3 concentrations in mothers, at delivery, are related to maternal Se status, whereas the GPx-3 activity in cord serum depends on gestational age.
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Stoffaneller R, Morse NL. A review of dietary selenium intake and selenium status in Europe and the Middle East. Nutrients 2015; 7:1494-537. [PMID: 25734564 PMCID: PMC4377864 DOI: 10.3390/nu7031494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This is a systematic review of existing data on dietary selenium (Se) intake and status for various population groups in Europe (including the United Kingdom (UK)) and the Middle East. It includes English language systematic reviews, meta-analyses, randomised controlled trials, cohort studies, cross-sectional and case-control studies obtained through PUBMED searches from January, 2002, to November, 2014, for European data and from 1990 to November 2014, for Middle Eastern data. Reports were selected if they included data on Se intake and status. The search identified 19 European/UK studies and 15 investigations in the Middle East that reported Se intake and Se concentration in water and/or food and 48 European/UK studies and 44 investigations in the Middle East reporting Se status. Suboptimal Se status was reported to be widespread throughout Europe, the UK and the Middle East, and these results agreed with previous reports highlighting the problem. Eastern European countries had lower Se intake than Western European countries. Middle Eastern studies provided varying results, possibly due to varying food habits and imports in different regions and within differing socioeconomic groups. In conclusion, Se intake and status is suboptimal in European and Middle Eastern countries, with less consistency in the Middle East.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Stoffaneller
- Station Road, Polegate, East Sussex, BN26 6EA, UK.
- Research consultant to Wassen International Ltd. Cedar Court Office Park, Denby Dale Road, Wakefield WF4 3DB, UK.
| | - Nancy L Morse
- Research consultant to Wassen International Ltd. Cedar Court Office Park, Denby Dale Road, Wakefield WF4 3DB, UK.
- Horsburgh Dr., Berwick, N.S., B0P 1E0, Canada.
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10
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Scientific Opinion on nutrient requirements and dietary intakes of infants and young children in the European Union. EFSA J 2013. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2013.3408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Akturk M, Oruc AS, Danisman N, Erkek S, Buyukkagnici U, Unlu E, Tazebay UH. Na+/I- symporter and type 3 iodothyronine deiodinase gene expression in amniotic membrane and placenta and its relationship to maternal thyroid hormones. Biol Trace Elem Res 2013; 154:338-44. [PMID: 23857380 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-013-9748-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Placental type 3 iodothyronine deiodinase (D3) potentially protects the fetus from the elevated maternal thyroid hormones. Na(+)/I(-) symporter (NIS) is a plasma membrane glycoprotein, which mediates active iodide uptake. Our objectives were to establish the distribution of NIS and D3 gene expressions in the placenta and the amniotic membrane and to investigate the relationship between placental D3 and NIS gene expressions and maternal iodine, selenium, and thyroid hormone status. Thyroid hormones, urinary iodine concentration (UIC), and selenium levels were measured in 49 healthy term pregnant women. NIS and D3 gene expressions were studied with the total mRNA RT-PCR method in tissues from maternal placenta (n = 49), fetal placenta (n = 9), and amniotic membrane (n = 9). NIS and D3 gene expressions were shown in the fetal and maternal sides of the placenta and amniotic membrane. Mean blood selenium level was 66 ± 26.5 μg/l, and median UIC was 143 μg/l. We could not demonstrate any statistically significant relationship of spot UIC and blood selenium with NIS and D3 expression (p > 0.05). Positive correlations were found between NIS and thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) (r = 0.3, p = 0.042) and between D3 and preoperative glucose levels (r = 0.4, p = 0.006). D3 and NIS genes are expressed in term placenta and amniotic membrane; thus, in addition to placenta, amniotic membrane contributes to regulation of maternofetal iodine and thyroid hormone transmission. Further studies are needed to clarify the relationship between maternal glucose levels and placental D3 expression and between TBG and placental NIS expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujde Akturk
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
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Horton DK, Adetona O, Aguilar-Villalobos M, Cassidy BE, Pfeiffer CM, Schleicher RL, Caldwell KL, Needham LL, Rathbun SL, Vena JE, Naeher LP. Changes in the concentrations of biochemical indicators of diet and nutritional status of pregnant women across pregnancy trimesters in Trujillo, Peru, 2004-2005. Nutr J 2013; 12:80. [PMID: 23758715 PMCID: PMC3685542 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-12-80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In developing countries, deficiencies in essential micronutrients are common, particularly in pregnant women. Although, biochemical indicators of diet and nutrition are useful to assess nutritional status, few studies have examined such indicators throughout pregnancy in women in developing countries. METHODS The primary objective of this study was to assess the nutritional status of 78 Peruvian women throughout pregnancy for 16 different nutritional indicators including fat-soluble vitamins and carotenoids, iron-status indicators, and selenium. Venous blood samples from which serum was prepared were collected during trimesters one (n = 78), two (n = 65), three (n = 62), and at term via the umbilical cord (n = 52). Questionnaires were completed to determine the demographic characteristics of subjects. Linear mixed effects models were used to study the associations between each maternal indicator and the demographic characteristics. RESULTS None of the women were vitamin A and E deficient at any stage of pregnancy and only 1/62 women (1.6%) was selenium deficient during the third trimester. However, 6.4%, 44% and 64% of women had ferritin levels indicative of iron deficiency during the first, second and third trimester, respectively. Statistically significant changes (p ≤ 0.05) throughout pregnancy were noted for 15/16 nutritional indicators for this Peruvian cohort, with little-to-no association with demographic characteristics. Three carotenoids (beta-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin and trans-lycopene) were significantly associated with education status, while trans-lycopene was associated with age and beta-cryptoxanthin with SES (p < 0.05). Concentrations of retinol, tocopherol, beta-cryptoxanthin, lutein + zeaxanthin and selenium were lower in cord serum compared with maternal serum (p < 0.05). Conversely, levels of iron status indicators (ferritin, transferrin saturation and iron) were higher in cord serum (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The increasing prevalence of iron deficiency throughout pregnancy in these Peruvian women was expected. It was surprising though not to find deficiencies in other nutrients. The results highlight the importance of continual monitoring of women throughout pregnancy for iron deficiency which could be caused by increasing fetal needs and/or inadequate iron intake as pregnancy progresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kevin Horton
- Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Olorunfemi Adetona
- The University of Georgia, College of Public Health, 150 Environmental Health Science Bldg, Athens, Georgia 30602-2102, USA
| | | | - Brandon E Cassidy
- The University of Georgia, College of Public Health, 150 Environmental Health Science Bldg, Athens, Georgia 30602-2102, USA
| | - Christine M Pfeiffer
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, 30341, USA
| | - Rosemary L Schleicher
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, 30341, USA
| | - Kathleen L Caldwell
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, 30341, USA
| | - Larry L Needham
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, 30341, USA
| | - Stephen L Rathbun
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, The University of Georgia, College of Public Health, Paul D. Coverdell Center for Biomedical and Health Sciences, Athens, Georgia, 30602-7396, USA
| | - John E Vena
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, The University of Georgia, College of Public Health, Paul D. Coverdell Center for Biomedical and Health Sciences, Athens, Georgia, 30602-7396, USA
| | - Luke P Naeher
- The University of Georgia, College of Public Health, 150 Environmental Health Science Bldg, Athens, Georgia 30602-2102, USA
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Ojeda ML, Jotty K, Nogales F, Murillo ML, Carreras O. Selenium or selenium plus folic acid intake improves the detrimental effects of ethanol on pups' selenium balance. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 48:3486-91. [PMID: 20875836 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2010] [Revised: 09/15/2010] [Accepted: 09/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The levels of folic acid and selenium, two nutrients with antioxidant properties, decrease in dams exposed to ethanol during gestation and lactation. This decrease affects their antioxidant balance, and consequently the health of their offspring. In this study we have proved that a supplemented diet with Se (0.5 ppm) or with Se (0.5 ppm) plus folic acid (8 ppm) to ethanol-exposed (20%v/v) dams prevents the ethanol-provoked effects in their offspring's Se deposits. Se levels in milk, serum, urine, faeces and several tissues were measured by graphite-furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Results show that ethanol decreases Se deposits in pups' heart, liver, kidney and testes. However Se levels in pancreas and in serum were increased by ethanol; it also compromised the weight and the length of the offspring at the end of lactation. Our supplemented diets to ethanol dams increased all of these impaired levels, and restored Se pancreas concentration to a control status. However Se-only therapy mainly displaces Se to serum, kidney and spleen, and co-treatment with Se plus folic acid, mainly displaces Se to liver and brain. This data demonstrate that the qualitative and quantitative Se organ deposits depend on ethanol consumption, Se status, and the presence of other antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Ojeda
- Department of Physiology and Zoology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Seville University, Seville, Spain
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Ojeda ML, Vázquez B, Nogales F, Murillo ML, Carreras O. Ethanol consumption by Wistar rat dams affects selenium bioavailability and antioxidant balance in their progeny. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2009; 6:2139-49. [PMID: 19742151 PMCID: PMC2738878 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph6082139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2009] [Accepted: 07/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ethanol consumption affects maternal nutrition, the mothers’ antioxidant balance and the future health of their progeny. Selenium (Se) is a trace element cofactor of the enzyme glutathione peroxidase (GPx). We will study the effect of ethanol on Se bioavailability in dams and in their progeny. We have used three experimental groups of dams: control, chronic ethanol and pair-fed; and three groups of pups. Se levels were measured by graphite-furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Serum and hepatic GPx activity was determined by spectrometry. We have concluded that ethanol decreased Se retention in dams, affecting their tissue Se deposits and those of their offspring, while also compromising their progeny’s weight and oxidation balance. These effects of ethanol are caused by a reduction in Se intake and a direct alcohol-generated oxidation action.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Luisa Ojeda
- Department of Physiology and Zoology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Seville University, Seville, Spain.
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