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Santacroce L, Bottalico L, Charitos IA, Haxhirexha K, Topi S, Jirillo E. Healthy Diets and Lifestyles in the World: Mediterranean and Blue Zone People Live Longer. Special Focus on Gut Microbiota and Some Food Components. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2024; 24:EMIDDT-EPUB-139497. [PMID: 38566378 DOI: 10.2174/0118715303271634240319054728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Longevity has been associated with healthy lifestyles, including some dietary regimens, such as the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and the Blue Zone (BZ) diets. MedDiet relies on a large consumption of fruit, vegetables, cereals, and extra-virgin olive oil, with less red meat and fat intake. Four major BZ have been recognized in the world, namely, Ogliastra in Sardinia (Italy), Ikaria (Greece), the Peninsula of Nicoya (Costa Rica), and Okinawa (Japan). Extreme longevity in these areas has been associated with correct lifestyles and dietary regimens. Fibers, polyphenols, beta-glucans, and unsaturated fatty acids represent the major constituents of both MedDiet and BZ diets, given their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Particularly, inhibition of the NF-kB pathway, with a reduced release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and induction of T regulatory cells, with the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin- 10, are the main mechanisms that prevent or attenuate the "inflammaging." Notably, consistent physical activity, intense social interactions, and an optimistic attitude contribute to longevity in BZD areas. Commonalities and differences between MedDIet and BZ diets will be outlined, with special reference to microbiota and food components, which may contribute to longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Santacroce
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Microbiology and Virology Unit, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Bottalico
- Department of Clinical Disciplines, School of Technical Medical Sciences, 'Alexander Xhuvani' University of Elbasan, 3001-3006 Elbasan, Albania
| | | | - Kastriot Haxhirexha
- General Surgery, Medical Faculty, Clinical Hospital of Tetovo, University of Tetovo, 1230 Tetovo, North Macedonia
| | - Skender Topi
- Department of Clinical Disciplines, School of Technical Medical Sciences, 'Alexander Xhuvani' University of Elbasan, 3001-3006 Elbasan, Albania
| | - Emilio Jirillo
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Microbiology and Virology Unit, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', 70124 Bari, Italy
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Martín-Manchado L, Prieto-Huecas L, Piera-Jordán CÁ, De la Cruz-Delgado VS, García-Velert MB, Tordera-Terrades C, Zaragoza-Martí A. [Influence of adherence to a mediterranean diet and nutritional status on ovarian reserve]. Rev Esp Salud Publica 2024; 98:e202403027. [PMID: 38525668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Currently, esterility affects between 15% and 20% of couples of fertile age. Female reproductive success is mainly determined by age and ovarian reserve (OR). Recent studies highlight the influence of modifiable factors such as dietary habits and nutritional status on OR. In this regard, the Mediterranean Diet (MD) is postulated as a standard of healthy eating. Therefore, the objective of this paper was to analyze the influence of adherence to DM and nutritional status on the OR of infertile women. METHODS A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out, lasting one year, between February 2022 and February 2023, in a sample of forty-five female patients who attended the Gynaecology-Esterility consultation at the Marina Salud Hospital in Denia (Spain) due to genital desire older than one year. An exploratory descriptive analysis based on univariate statistics was performed. RESULTS The mean age of the sample (n=45) was 31.84 (±3.99) years, with an average BMI of 26.27 (±6.08) kg/m2, with 44.4% (n=20) having excess body weight. The RO was measured based on AMH, with an average value of 2.32 (±1.59) ng/ml and RFA, with an average of 19.80 (±14.13) antral follicles. A statistically significant association was found between low adherence to DM and lower anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH; p=0.025) levels. In addition, an association was found between low consumption of vegetables (p=0.044), excessive consumption of red meat (p=0.027) and carbonated beverages (p=0.015) with insufficient AMH levels, indicative of low OR. Low fruit consumption was also found to be associated with low oestradiol levels (p=0.045). Statistically significant associations were also found reflecting the influence of nutritional status on OR. CONCLUSIONS One of the main factors conditioning the success of ART (assisted reproductive technology) is the woman's OR. The most widely used parameter to assess OR is AMH. Lifestyle and diet are modifiable factors that can influence OR. High adherence to DM and consumption of vegetables is associated with higher levels of AMH; however, high intake of red meat and carbonated beverages is associated with lower levels. Nutritional status, adherence to DM and dietary habits influence the status of OR, so it would be advisable to promote programmes to improve the population's diet in order to improve reproductive health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ana Zaragoza-Martí
- Departamento de Enfermería; Universidad de Alicante. Alicante. España
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (Fundación ISABIAL-FISABIO). Alicante. España
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Augimeri G, Caparello G, Caputo I, Reda R, Testarelli L, Bonofiglio D. Mediterranean diet: a potential player in the link between oral microbiome and oral diseases. J Oral Microbiol 2024; 16:2329474. [PMID: 38510981 PMCID: PMC10953787 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2024.2329474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The oral microbiome is a complex and dynamic assemblage of microorganisms that colonize different sites of the oral cavity maintaining both oral and systemic health. Therefore, when its composition is altered, oral diseases occur. Among oral inflammatory pathologies, periodontal diseases affect the tissues surrounding the teeth, representing the main cause of tooth loss and one of the most important threats to the oral health. Lifestyle and eating habits influence the composition of the human oral microbiota and the development and progression of oral diseases. In this context, the Mediterranean Diet (MD) model, comprising both healthy dietary choices and lifestyle, is linked to the prevention of several metabolic and chronic-degenerative pathological processes, including oral diseases. Indeed, the MD is a plant-based diet, enriched of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant nutrients, which may induce beneficial effects against dental caries and periodontal diseases. Aim This review summarizes the role of the oral microbiome in the development of the oral diseases and the potential of MD in modulating the oral microbiome leading to implications for oral health. Conclusions The data collected highlight the need to promote the MD pattern along with the correct hygiene habits to prevent the development of oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Augimeri
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Giovanna Caparello
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Ippolito Caputo
- Department of Oral and Maxillo Facial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Reda
- Department of Oral and Maxillo Facial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Testarelli
- Department of Oral and Maxillo Facial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Bonofiglio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
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Esin K, Ballı-Akgöl B, Sözlü S, Kocaadam-Bozkurt B. Association between dental caries and adherence to the Mediterranean diet, dietary intake, and body mass index in children. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:297. [PMID: 38431554 PMCID: PMC10909275 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04020-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with healthier nutritional status are less likely to develop severe caries than those with a high-sugar content diet. Studies evaluating dental caries and nutritional status in school-age children have generally focused on dietary intake, diet quality, or anthropometric measures, and the number of studies evaluating them together is limited. OBJECTIVE It was aimed to evaluate the relationship between dental caries adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MD), dietary intake, and Body Mass Index (BMI) in school-age children. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was conducted with 300 healthy children (52.0% boys, 48.0% girls) aged between 6 and 12 years. The data collection forms included sociodemographic characteristics, oral health practices of children, Mediterranean Diet Quality Index for children and adolescents (KIDMED), and food consumption records. Anthropometric measurements (body weight and height) of the children were taken. Dental examinations were performed by a pediatric dentist. RESULTS While the DMFT mean score of the children was 1.7 ± 2.09, the mean dft score was 2.9 ± 3.29. The mean of KIDMED scores was 5.9 ± 3.32. DMFT and dft scores decreased statistically as maternal education increased (p < 0.05). DMFT and dft scores were not statistically different between BMI groups according to gender and age (p > 0.05). DMFT scores differed statistically between KIDMED groups (p < 0.05). This difference was between low-optimal and low-improvement-needed groups. While there was a low negative correlation (r=-0.169) between calcium intake and DMFT score, a low positive correlation was found between glucose (r = 0.172) and fructose (r = 0.149) intake and dft score (p < 0.05). In regression analysis, while the children's age related DMFT scores positively, maternal education and KIDMED scores related DMFT scores negatively. Also, children's age and maternal education related dft scores negatively. CONCLUSION In this study, adherence to the MD rather than nutrients was found to be important in dental caries. Also maternal education level was also found to be a determinant factor in dental caries in children. DMFT and dft did not differ between BMI groups.Further studies should be conducted to assess the impact of the MD on dental caries in children to develop dietary interventions for preventative purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kübra Esin
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Türkiye.
| | - Beyza Ballı-Akgöl
- School of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Antalya Bilim University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Saniye Sözlü
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Türkiye
| | - Betul Kocaadam-Bozkurt
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Türkiye.
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Masini A, Dallolio L, Sanmarchi F, Lovecchio F, Falato M, Longobucco Y, Lanari M, Sacchetti R. Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Children and Adolescents and Association with Multiple Outcomes: An Umbrella Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:449. [PMID: 38391824 PMCID: PMC10887852 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12040449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean Diet (MD) has been linked to numerous health benefits. This umbrella review aims to synthesize evidence from systematic reviews on the MD's impact on children and adolescents aged 6 to 19 years. Following Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines, we included 11 systematic reviews focusing on the MD's effects on health outcomes, such as asthma, anthropometric measures, physical fitness, and inflammatory markers. The results indicate a protective role of the MD against childhood asthma due to its antioxidant-rich components. However, evidence for its impact on allergic conditions like rhinitis and eczema is inconclusive. Findings regarding anthropometric outcomes, particularly BMI, are limited and inconsistent. A positive correlation was observed between MD adherence and increased physical activity, improved physical fitness, quality of life, and reduced sedentary behavior. Additionally, the MD showed an inverse relationship with pro-inflammatory biomarkers, suggesting anti-inflammatory benefits. The inconsistency in BMI findings and the potential anti-inflammatory properties of the MD warrant further longitudinal research. Future studies should explore the MD's impact on cognitive functions, academic performance, and mental health in this age group, highlighting the significance of establishing healthy eating habits early in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Masini
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Laura Dallolio
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Sanmarchi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Lovecchio
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Mario Falato
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Yari Longobucco
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Marcello Lanari
- Pediatric Emergency Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Rossella Sacchetti
- Department of Education Studies "Giovanni Maria Bertin", University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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Bayes J, Schloss J, Sibbritt D. The use of diet for preventing and treating depression in young men: current evidence and existing challenges. Br J Nutr 2024; 131:214-218. [PMID: 37519245 PMCID: PMC10751942 DOI: 10.1017/s000711452300168x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that diet therapy (nutrients, foods and dietary patterns) could be effective as a potential adjunctive treatment option for major depressive disorder. Numerous mechanisms have been proposed, including the role inflammation, oxidative stress, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, the gastrointestinal tract microbiome and tryptophan/serotonin metabolism. Despite known differences in depression characteristics and treatment responses between males and females, there are limited sex-specific studies examining the role of diet in young men specifically. This is important as young men are often reluctant to seek mental health support, so finding treatment strategies which appeal to this demographic is crucial. This brief report provides an overview of the most recent advances in the use of diet for preventing and treating depression in young men, highlighting existing challenges and opportunities for future research. We recommend that clinicians discuss the role of diet with depressed young men, so that diet may be used alongside current treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Bayes
- National Centre for Naturopathic Medicine, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW2480, Australia
| | - Janet Schloss
- National Centre for Naturopathic Medicine, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW2480, Australia
| | - David Sibbritt
- School of Public Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW2007, Australia
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Chen EY, Mahurkar-Joshi S, Liu C, Jaffe N, Labus JS, Dong TS, Gupta A, Patel S, Mayer EA, Chang L. The Association Between a Mediterranean Diet and Symptoms of Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 22:164-172.e6. [PMID: 37517631 PMCID: PMC10849937 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2023.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Low adherence to Mediterranean diet (MD) has been shown to be associated with a higher prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), but its association with IBS symptoms is not established. We aim to assess the association between MD and IBS symptoms, identify components of MD associated with IBS symptoms, and determine if a symptom-modified MD is associated with changes in the gut microbiome. METHODS One hundred and six Rome +IBS and 108 health control participants completed diet history and gastrointestinal symptom questionnaires. Adherence to MD was measured using Alternate Mediterranean Diet and Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener. Sparse partial least squares analysis identified MD food items associated with IBS symptoms. Stool samples were collected for 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing and microbial composition analysis in IBS subjects. RESULTS Alternate Mediterranean Diet and Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener scores were similar between IBS and health control subjects and did not correlate with Irritable Bowel Syndrome Severity Scoring System, abdominal pain, or bloating. Among IBS participants, a higher consumption of fruits, vegetables, sugar, and butter was associated with a greater severity of IBS symptoms. Multivariate analysis identified several MD foods to be associated with increased IBS symptoms. A higher adherence to symptom-modified MD was associated with a lower abundance of potentially harmful Faecalitalea, Streptococcus, and Intestinibacter, and higher abundance of potentially beneficial Holdemanella from the Firmicutes phylum. CONCLUSIONS A standard MD was not associated with IBS symptom severity, although certain MD foods were associated with increased IBS symptoms. Our study suggests that standard MD may not be suitable for all patients with IBS and likely needs to be personalized in those with increased symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellie Y Chen
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Swapna Mahurkar-Joshi
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Los Angeles, California; UCLA Goodman-Luskin Microbiome Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Cathy Liu
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Los Angeles, California; UCLA Goodman-Luskin Microbiome Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Nancee Jaffe
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jennifer S Labus
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Los Angeles, California; UCLA Goodman-Luskin Microbiome Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Tien S Dong
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; UCLA Goodman-Luskin Microbiome Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Arpana Gupta
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Los Angeles, California; UCLA Goodman-Luskin Microbiome Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Shravya Patel
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Emeran A Mayer
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Los Angeles, California; UCLA Goodman-Luskin Microbiome Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Lin Chang
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Los Angeles, California; UCLA Goodman-Luskin Microbiome Center, Los Angeles, California.
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Campanella A, Bonfiglio C, Cuccaro F, Donghia R, Tatoli R, Giannelli G. High Adherence to a Mediterranean Alcohol-Drinking Pattern and Mediterranean Diet Can Mitigate the Harmful Effect of Alcohol on Mortality Risk. Nutrients 2023; 16:59. [PMID: 38201889 PMCID: PMC10780794 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol is a psychoactive substance with deleterious effects on human health and mortality. This study aims to investigate the joint associations between the Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet), alcohol- consumption patterns and mortality from the following: all causes, cardiovascular, neoplastic, the digestive system, and other causes. METHODS A sample of 3411 alcohol consumers aged ≥18 years was selected from two prospective cohort studies: the MICOL and NUTRIHEP Study. Cohorts were enrolled in 2005-2006, and followed up until December 2022, capturing data on alcohol consumption, diet, and mortality. Adherence to the MedDiet was measured by the relative Mediterranean score (rMED), and alcohol consumption by the Mediterranean Alcohol-drinking Pattern index (MADP). Statistical analyses included flexible parametric survival models and subdistribution hazard ratios, to consider different causes of death. RESULTS a significant increase in digestive-system (SHR 2.77, 95% CI 1.16; 63) and cancer mortality risk (SHR 2.25, 95% CI 1.08; 4.70) was observed among individuals with low adherence to the MADP. Low adherence to the Mediterranean pattern of alcohol consumption, combined with low adherence to the MedDiet, was associated with higher overall mortality (HR 2.29, 95% CI 1.04, 5.04), and, in particular, with higher mortality from digestive system diseases (SHR 4.38, 95% CI 1.22, 15.8). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that deleterious effects of alcohol on mortality vary, depending on alcohol consumption patterns and dietary context. Higher adherence to the MedDiet appears to mitigate the adverse effects of moderate alcohol consumption, particularly for wine drinkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Campanella
- National Institute of Gastroenterology—IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis”, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (C.B.); (R.D.); (R.T.); (G.G.)
| | - Caterina Bonfiglio
- National Institute of Gastroenterology—IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis”, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (C.B.); (R.D.); (R.T.); (G.G.)
| | | | - Rossella Donghia
- National Institute of Gastroenterology—IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis”, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (C.B.); (R.D.); (R.T.); (G.G.)
| | - Rossella Tatoli
- National Institute of Gastroenterology—IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis”, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (C.B.); (R.D.); (R.T.); (G.G.)
| | - Gianluigi Giannelli
- National Institute of Gastroenterology—IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis”, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (C.B.); (R.D.); (R.T.); (G.G.)
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Calabrese V, Gembillo G, Buda M, Cernaro V, Longhitano E, Pontoriero A, Polizzi M, Metro D, Santoro D. Review and Practical Excursus of the Propensity Score: Low Protein Diet Compared to Mediterranean Diet in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease. G Ital Nefrol 2023; 40:2023-vol6. [PMID: 38156537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Although Randomized clinical trials (RCT) represent the gold standard to compare two or more treatments, the impact of observational studies cannot be ignored. Obviously, these latter are performed on unbalanced sample, and differences among the compared groups could be detected. These differences could have an impact on the estimated association between our allocation and our outcome. To avoid it, some methods should be applied in the analysis of observational cohort. Propensity score (PS) can be considered as a value which sums up and balances the known variables. It aims to adjust or balance the probability of receiving a specific allocation group, and could be used to match, stratify, weight, and perform a covariate adjustment. PS is calculated with a logistic regression, using allocation groups as the outcome. Thanks to PS, we compute the probability of being allocated to one group and we can match patients obtaining two balanced groups. It avoids computing analysis in unbalanced groups. We compared low protein diet (LPD) and the Mediterranean diet in CKD patients and analysed them using the PS methods. Nutritional therapy is fundamental for the prevention, progression and treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) and its complications. An individualized, stepwise approach is essential to guarantee high adherence to nutritional patterns and to reach therapeutic goals. The best dietary regimen is still a matter of discussion. In our example, unbalanced analysis showed a significant renal function preservation in LPD, but this correlation was denied after the PS analysis. In conclusion, although unmatched analysis showed differences between the two diets, after propensity analysis no differences were detected. If RCT cannot be performed, balancing the PS score allows to balance the sample and avoids biased results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Calabrese
- Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, A.O.U. 'G. Martino', University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Guido Gembillo
- Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, A.O.U. 'G. Martino', University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Martina Buda
- General and Oncologic Surgery Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Messina, G. Martino University Hospital, Messina, Italy
| | - Valeria Cernaro
- Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, A.O.U. 'G. Martino', University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Elisa Longhitano
- Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, A.O.U. 'G. Martino', University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | | | - Daniela Metro
- Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, A.O.U. 'G. Martino', University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Domenico Santoro
- Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, A.O.U. 'G. Martino', University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Tosi M, Matelloni IA, Mancini M, Andreassi A, Scopari A, Rossi A, Verduci E, Berra C, Manfrini R, Banderali G, Pecori Giraldi F, Folli F. Multiple beneficial effects of 1-year nutritional-behavioral intervention on anthropometric and metabolic parameters in overweight and obese boys. J Endocrinol Invest 2023; 46:2331-2342. [PMID: 37069323 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-023-02088-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Childhood obesity is on the rise worldwide increasing the risk for metabolic, cardiovascular and liver diseases in children. Eating habits and lifestyle changes are currently the standard of care for treating pediatric obesity. Our study aimed to determine the impact of a dietary intervention based on the Mediterranean Diet (MD) and the Health Eating Plate, on anthropometric and metabolic parameters in obese and overweight boys. METHODS We studied 126 overweight/obese boys with anthropometric measurements, blood biochemistry and nutrient intakes evaluation by means of Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) at baseline, at 6 and 12 months after a nutritional-behavioral intervention. RESULTS We observed a significant reduction in energy, macronutrients and micronutrients intakes. BMI-SDS significantly decreased after 1 year with the proportion of obese boys decreasing by 33% and of overweight boys by 41%, while also all fat mass measures decreased both in obese and overweight individuals. In obese boys, ALT decreased significantly after 1-year nutritional intervention and these changes correlated with BMI-SDS reduction. Insulin-resistance and secretion indexes correlated with fat mass and BMI-SDS. In obese boys, significant changes were observed at 6 months for insulin concentrations, 1/HOMA-IR and QUICKI. With regard to the lipid profile, significant decreases were observed for total and LDL cholesterol in obese boys. CONCLUSION Metabolic and anthropometric risk factors in overweight and obese boys can be improved by a nutritional-behavioral intervention of 1-year duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tosi
- Department of Health Science, University of Milan, 20142, Milan, Italy
- Department of Paediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - I A Matelloni
- Department of Health Science, University of Milan, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - M Mancini
- Pediatric and Adolescent Andrological Unit, Department of Pediatrics, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, University of Milan, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - A Andreassi
- Pediatric and Adolescent Andrological Unit, Department of Pediatrics, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, University of Milan, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - A Scopari
- Pediatric and Adolescent Andrological Unit, Department of Pediatrics, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, University of Milan, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - A Rossi
- Department of Health Science, University of Milan, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - E Verduci
- Department of Health Science, University of Milan, 20142, Milan, Italy
- Department of Paediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - C Berra
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - R Manfrini
- Department of Health Science, University of Milan, 20142, Milan, Italy
- Departmental Unit of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - G Banderali
- Department of Pediatrics, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, University of Milan, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - F Pecori Giraldi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - F Folli
- Department of Health Science, University of Milan, 20142, Milan, Italy.
- Departmental Unit of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, 20142, Milan, Italy.
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Kontopoulou L, Kotsiou OS, Tourlakopoulos K, Karpetas G, Paraskevadaki EV, Malli F, Pantazopoulos I, Daniil Z, Gourgoulianis KI. Physical Health-Related Quality of Life in Relation to Mediterranean Diet Adherence in a Sample of Greek Asthma Patients: A Pilot Study. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1512. [PMID: 37888123 PMCID: PMC10608726 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13101512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of nutrition in the management of asthma in obese patients is of increasing interest due to their limited response to inhaled corticosteroids. Some studies note that through diet and lifestyle, there can be an improvement in asthma control. The aim of the present study was to investigate the adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and its association with asthma severity and quality of life in patients with bronchial asthma. This is a cross-sectional study of 85 patients (70.6% female), with a mean age of 57 years, from the General University Hospital of Larissa and, more specifically, patients of the outpatient asthma clinic. Data were collected with the use of specific questionnaires. In relation to BMI, 12.9% of participants were of a normal weight, 45.9% were overweight, 25.9% were obese level I, 5.9% were obese level II, and 9.4% were in the morbidly obese range. Based on the Med Diet Score (ranging from 21 to 35), most participants (85.9%) reported moderate adherence to the Mediterranean Diet. Further analysis examined the correlations of the PCS-12 score with the frequency of consumption of each of the 11 food categories, as well as all demographic and health behavior variables. The ranked correlations indicated a significant relationship between PCS-12 score and Med Diet adherence and the consumption of alcoholic beverages (r = 0.437, p < 0.05), in accordance with the Mediterranean Diet suggestions, as well as a negative relationship with BMI score (r = -0.454, p < 0.010). Moreover, significant correlations were also present between the physical quality of life and AQLQ score and work type, as well as gender, age, and marital status. The results of our study showed a high rate of obesity in patients with asthma at the General University Hospital of Larissa and moderate adherence to the Mediterranean Diet. Increased BMI and alcoholic beverage consumption in asthma patients were significant predictors of lower physical health-related quality of life. In conclusion, personal and society-level interventions are required to effectively address obesity and poor diet in patients with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamprini Kontopoulou
- Respiratory Disorders Lab, Faculty of Nursing, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece;
| | - Ourania S. Kotsiou
- Respiratory Disorders Lab, Faculty of Nursing, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece;
- Department of Human Pathophysiology, Faculty of Nursing, University of Thessaly, 41500 Gaiopolis, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Tourlakopoulos
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41110 Biopolis, Greece; (K.T.); (G.K.); (I.P.); (Z.D.); (K.I.G.)
| | - Georgios Karpetas
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41110 Biopolis, Greece; (K.T.); (G.K.); (I.P.); (Z.D.); (K.I.G.)
| | | | - Foteini Malli
- Respiratory Disorders Lab, Faculty of Nursing, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece;
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41110 Biopolis, Greece; (K.T.); (G.K.); (I.P.); (Z.D.); (K.I.G.)
| | - Ioannis Pantazopoulos
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41110 Biopolis, Greece; (K.T.); (G.K.); (I.P.); (Z.D.); (K.I.G.)
| | - Zoe Daniil
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41110 Biopolis, Greece; (K.T.); (G.K.); (I.P.); (Z.D.); (K.I.G.)
| | - Konstantinos I. Gourgoulianis
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41110 Biopolis, Greece; (K.T.); (G.K.); (I.P.); (Z.D.); (K.I.G.)
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12
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Donini LM, Berry EM. Improving adherence to the Mediterranean Diet through a bio-psycho social and sociotype approach. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1232078. [PMID: 37799764 PMCID: PMC10548229 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1232078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo M. Donini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Food Science and Human Nutrition Research Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Elliot M. Berry
- Braun School of Public Health, Hadassah Medical School, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
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González-Sosa S, Ruiz-Hernández JJ, Puente-Fernández A, Robaina-Bordón JM, Conde-Martel A. Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in medical students. Public Health Nutr 2023; 26:1798-1806. [PMID: 37165862 PMCID: PMC10478057 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980023000964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The protective effect of the Mediterranean Diet (MeDi) is undisputed. However, adherence to MeDi has decreased in recent years, particularly in young people. The aim of this study was to evaluate adherence to MeDi in medical students and to assess the influence of knowledge acquisition as well as other factors on dietary compliance. DESIGN A cross-sectional study was conducted on medical students. The data were obtained through anonymous surveys that collected demographic characteristics, medical history, alcohol and tobacco consumption, physical activity and adherence to MeDi – using 14-point Mediterranean Diet Adherence Score (MEDAS) –. Adherence to MeDi and related factors were evaluated by univariate and multivariable analysis. PARTICIPANTS Medical students from the first to the sixth year of the 2018–2019 academic year. SETTING The study was conducted at the university of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. RESULTS Of 589 respondents (73 % women) mean aged 22 years (range 18–39), 58·9 % showed good adherence to MeDi. Adherence was significantly associated with age (P = 0·017) but not with sex or the presence of comorbidities. Independently, adherence to MeDi was higher in last academic courses (OR = 2·1; 95 % CI = 1·3, 3·2; P = 0·001), in those who consumed alcohol more frequently (OR = 1·5; 95 % CI = 1·0, 2·1; P = 0·039) and in those who practiced more exercise (OR = 1·5; 95 % CI = 1·2, 1·9; P < 0·001). CONCLUSIONS Half of all medical students did not have a good adherence to MeDi. Adherence was higher at older age in higher academic years and related to greater physical activity. It would be convenient to quantify dietary knowledge as well as implement nutritional educational programmes, favouring a healthy lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia González-Sosa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Barranco La Ballena s/n 35012 Las Palmas, GC, Spain
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe, s/n. 35016 Las Palmas, GC, Spain
| | - Jose Juan Ruiz-Hernández
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Barranco La Ballena s/n 35012 Las Palmas, GC, Spain
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe, s/n. 35016 Las Palmas, GC, Spain
| | - Alicia Puente-Fernández
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Barranco La Ballena s/n 35012 Las Palmas, GC, Spain
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe, s/n. 35016 Las Palmas, GC, Spain
| | - José María Robaina-Bordón
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Barranco La Ballena s/n 35012 Las Palmas, GC, Spain
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe, s/n. 35016 Las Palmas, GC, Spain
| | - Alicia Conde-Martel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Barranco La Ballena s/n 35012 Las Palmas, GC, Spain
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe, s/n. 35016 Las Palmas, GC, Spain
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Vitale E. Benefits of Mediterranean and Japanese diets among Nurses: a Scoping literature review. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2023; 23:EMIDDT-EPUB-134081. [PMID: 37641993 DOI: 10.2174/1871530323666230825152320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The present study aimed at all the benefits induced by taking the Mediterranean or Japanese diet among nurses and whether any beneficial differences in intakes between the two diets were considered. METHODS The author searched PubMed and Embase databases for medical subheadings terms and free full text referring to "Diet," "Mediterranean," "Japanese," and "Nurses" before 31st December 2022. RESULTS A total of 14 studies were included in this scoping review, which better underlined all the benefits implicated in the Mediterranean or Japanese diets assumption and also if there were any differences between the two diets. These eating behaviors were exclusively investigated among nurses. CONCLUSION The nursing profession has always been considered the most stressful healthcare activity. However, some important concerns in the regular lifestyle, such as eating and physical activity, might help to live better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Vitale
- Center of Mental Health, Modugno, Local Health Company, Bari, Italy
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15
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Monserrat-Mesquida M, Ródenas-Munar M, Gómez SF, Wärnberg J, Medrano M, González-Gross M, Gusi N, Aznar S, Marín-Cascales E, González-Valeiro MA, Serra-Majem L, Pulgar S, Segu M, Fitó M, Según G, Benavente-Marín JC, Labayen I, Zapico AG, Sánchez-Gómez J, Jiménez-Zazo F, Alcaraz PE, Sevilla-Sánchez M, Herrera-Ramos E, Schröder H, Tur JA, Bouzas C. Parents' Diet Quality and Physical Activity Are Associated with Lifestyle in Spanish Children and Adolescents: The PASOS Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:3617. [PMID: 37630807 PMCID: PMC10459595 DOI: 10.3390/nu15163617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-communicable chronic diseases are associated with a low-quality diet, low physical activity, and sedentary behavior. OBJECTIVE To assess how parents' diet and physical activity habits were associated with their offsprings' lifestyles. STUDY DESIGN A cross-sectional analysis of 8-16-year-old children and adolescents (n = 2539; 51.9% girls) was carried out within the frame of the first edition of the Physical Activity, Sedentarism, Lifestyles, and Obesity in Spanish Youth study (PASOS-2019). Data on adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet), daily moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and screen time per day (television, computer, video games, and mobile phone) were collected from children and adolescents, and data on parents' diet quality and physical activity were compiled. Logistic regression models were used to assess the association between parents' lifestyles and those of children and adolescents. RESULTS High diet quality of parents was associated with higher adherence to the MedDiet of children and adolescents, as well as high consumption of fruit, vegetables, fish, nuts, and legumes. The high physical activity level of parents was associated with the low consumption of fast foods, sweets, and candies in children and adolescents. Children with high levels of physical activity were those whose parents showed better diet quality and physical activity levels. CONCLUSIONS Parents' high diet quality and physical activity were associated with healthy lifestyles, higher adherence to the MedDiet, and physical activity of their offspring, mainly in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margalida Monserrat-Mesquida
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands-IUNICS & IDISBA, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Marina Ródenas-Munar
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands-IUNICS & IDISBA, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Santiago F. Gómez
- Gasol Foundation Europe, 08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
- GREpS, Health Education Research Group, Nursing and Physiotherapy Department, University of Lleida, 25003 Lleida, Spain
| | - Julia Wärnberg
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Epi-Phaan Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Research of Malaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, 29016 Málaga, Spain
| | - María Medrano
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- ELIKOS Group, Institute for Sustainability and Food Chain Innovation (IS-FOOD), Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarre, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marcela González-Gross
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Narcís Gusi
- Physical Activity and Quality of Life Research Group (AFYCAV), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 06006 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Susana Aznar
- PAFS Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha-Toledo Campus, 45004 Toledo, Spain (F.J.-Z.)
| | - Elena Marín-Cascales
- UCAM Research Center for High Performance Sport, Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Lluís Serra-Majem
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35001 Las Palmas, Spain
- Preventive Medicine Service, Centro Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno Infantil (CHUIMI), Canarian Health Service, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Susana Pulgar
- Regional Unit of Sports Medicine of Principado de Asturias, Municipal Sports Foundation of Avilés, 33402 Avilés, Spain;
| | - Marta Segu
- FC Barcelona Foundation, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montse Fitó
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group (CARIN), Hospital del Mar Institute for Medical Research, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Genís Según
- Gasol Foundation Europe, 08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
- University of Lleida, 25003 Lleida, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Benavente-Marín
- Epi-Phaan Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Research of Malaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, 29016 Málaga, Spain
| | - Idoia Labayen
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- ELIKOS Group, Institute for Sustainability and Food Chain Innovation (IS-FOOD), Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarre, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Augusto G. Zapico
- ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Didactics of Language, Arts and Physical Education, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Sánchez-Gómez
- Physical Activity and Quality of Life Research Group (AFYCAV), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 06006 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Fabio Jiménez-Zazo
- PAFS Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha-Toledo Campus, 45004 Toledo, Spain (F.J.-Z.)
| | - Pedro E. Alcaraz
- UCAM Research Center for High Performance Sport, Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - Marta Sevilla-Sánchez
- Faculty of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, Universidade da Coruña, 15701 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Estefanía Herrera-Ramos
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35001 Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Helmut Schröder
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group (CARIN), Hospital del Mar Institute for Medical Research, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep A. Tur
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands-IUNICS & IDISBA, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Cristina Bouzas
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands-IUNICS & IDISBA, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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Kokkinopoulou A, Pagkalos I, Rodopaios NE, Koulouri AA, Vasara E, Papadopoulou SK, Skepastianos P, Hassapidou M, Kafatos AG. Does Religious Fasting Have a Protective Role against Metabolic Syndrome in Individuals Aged >50 Years? Nutrients 2023; 15:3215. [PMID: 37513633 PMCID: PMC10385780 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Christian Orthodox Church (COC) fasting is a periodic vegetarian-type diet lasting 180-200 days annually in which seafood and snails are allowed on all fasting days. Our aim was to investigate the effects of COC fasting on metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adults >50 years. METHODS One hundred seventy-six individuals participated in the study (mean age 59.7 ± 6.0 years). Eighty-nine had been following the COC fasting regime since their childhood and eighty-seven were non-fasters. Anthropometric measurements, blood samples, and nutrient intake data were collected at a scheduled appointment, during a non-fasting period. RESULTS Fasters had significantly higher hip circumference (102 ± 8.5 vs. 98.8 ± 7.5 cm, p = 0.009), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (136 ± 73 vs. 115 ± 51 mg/dL, p = 0.033), and folic acid levels (6.0 ± 4.0 vs. 3.0 ± 1.2 ng/mL, p = 0.018), as well as lower systolic blood pressure (SBP) (131 ± 13 vs. 136 ± 14 mmHg, p = 0.045), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (80 ± 8 vs. 83 ± 7 mmHg, p = 0.007), glucose (87 ± 16 vs. 93 ± 25 mg/dL, p = 0.039), and triglycerides (143 ± 94 vs. 175 ± 84 mg/dL, p = 0.040). Fasters had significantly less intake of calories (1493.65 ± 363.74 vs. 1614.65 ± 426.28 kcal, p = 0.044) and fat (81.17 ± 25.47 vs. 90.74 ± 24.75 g, p = 0.012), whereas they also consumed significantly less vitamin A-retinol, vitamin B2, vitamin B12, vitamin E, folic acid, pantothenic acid, calcium, phosphorus, zinc, and significantly more vitamin C (p < 0.005 for all comparisons). BP was significantly higher in non-fasters (44.8 vs. 22.5%, p = 0.002), whereas MetS was more frequently present in non-fasters vs. fasters, with a marginal level of significance (35.6 vs. 22.5%, p = 0.055). CONCLUSIONS COC fasting may affect beneficially MetS prevalence in individuals >50 years, although future research is needed before reaching definite conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kokkinopoulou
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Nutrition Unit, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Crete, Greece
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Pagkalos
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos E Rodopaios
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Nutrition Unit, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Crete, Greece
| | | | - Eleni Vasara
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Sousana K Papadopoulou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Petros Skepastianos
- Department of Medical Laboratory Studies, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Hassapidou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anthony G Kafatos
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Nutrition Unit, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Crete, Greece
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Capra ME, Biasucci G, Crivellaro E, Banderali G, Pederiva C. Dietary intervention for children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia. Ital J Pediatr 2023; 49:77. [PMID: 37349839 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-023-01479-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is a frequent genetic disorder characterised by high plasma levels of total and LDL-cholesterol and premature atherosclerosis. If left untreated, affected subjects have a high risk of cardiovascular disease, as they are exposed to very high levels of LDL-cholesterol from birth. Healthy dietary habits and lifestyle are the first treatment option and, if started from childhood, represent a milestone in the prevention of atherosclerotic disease, both as a starting point and in combination with drug therapy. In this work, based on the main consensus documents available so far, we have evaluated the most up-to-date indications of the dietetic-nutritional intervention for the treatment of FH, delving into the peculiar aspects of the diet of the child/adolescent affected by FH. After an analysis of the macro- and micronutrients and the most common dietary patterns currently recommended, we highlighted some practical aspects, some frequent errors and some risks we could fall into when dealing with paediatric nutritional treatment. In conclusion, the dietary intervention for the child/adolescent with FH is a complex task, that should be individualised and tailored taking into account, first of all, the nutritional adequacy for growth and development, but also the multiple aspects linked to the child/adolescent's age, tastes and preferences, the family they belong to, the socio-economic context and the Country they live in.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elena Capra
- Centre for Paediatric DyslipidaemiasPaediatrics and Neonatology Unit, Guglielmo da Saliceto Hospital, University of Parma, 29121, Piacenza, Italy
- Department of Translational Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Parma, 43126, Parma, Italy
- Società Italiana Di Nutrizione Pediatrica (SINUPE), 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo Biasucci
- Centre for Paediatric DyslipidaemiasPaediatrics and Neonatology Unit, Guglielmo da Saliceto Hospital, University of Parma, 29121, Piacenza, Italy.
- Società Italiana Di Nutrizione Pediatrica (SINUPE), 20126, Milan, Italy.
| | | | - Giuseppe Banderali
- Società Italiana Di Nutrizione Pediatrica (SINUPE), 20126, Milan, Italy
- Clinical Service for DyslipidaemiasStudy and Prevention of Atherosclerosis in ChildhoodPediatrics Unit, ASST-Santi Paolo E Carlo, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Pederiva
- Società Italiana Di Nutrizione Pediatrica (SINUPE), 20126, Milan, Italy
- Clinical Service for DyslipidaemiasStudy and Prevention of Atherosclerosis in ChildhoodPediatrics Unit, ASST-Santi Paolo E Carlo, 20142, Milan, Italy
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18
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Lovell AL, Roy R, Klein A, Cavadino A, Foster M, Krebs JD, Braakhuis A, Merry TL. Habitual Dietary Patterns, Nutrient Intakes, and Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet among New Zealand Adults: The NZ MED Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:2663. [PMID: 37375568 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern reduces the incidence of diet-related diseases. To date, the habitual dietary intake of New Zealand (NZ) adults has not been examined in relation to its alignment with a Mediterranean-style dietary pattern. This study aimed to define the habitual dietary patterns, nutrient intakes, and adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in a sample of 1012 NZ adults (86% female, mean age 48 ± 16 years) who had their diabetes risk defined by the Australian Type 2 Diabetes Risk Assessment Tool (AUSDRISK). Dietary intakes were collected using a validated semi-quantitative NZ food frequency questionnaire, and dietary patterns were identified using principal component analysis. Reported intakes from the FFQ were used in conjunction with the Mediterranean-Style Dietary Pattern Score (MSDPS) to determine adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern. Mixed linear models were used to analyze the association between dietary patterns and MSDPS with demographics, health factors, and nutrient intakes. Two distinct dietary patterns were identified: Discretionary (positive loadings on processed meat, meat/poultry, fast food, sweet drinks, and sugar, sweets, and baked good) and Guideline (positive loadings on vegetables, eggs/beans, and fruits). Adherence to dietary patterns and diet quality was associated with age and ethnicity. Dietary patterns were also associated with sex. Adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern defined by the MSDPS was low, indicating that a significant shift in food choices will be required if the Mediterranean Diet is to be adopted in the NZ population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Lovell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
- High-Value Nutrition Ko Ngā Kai Whai Painga National Science Challenge, The Liggins Institute, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Rajshri Roy
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
- High-Value Nutrition Ko Ngā Kai Whai Painga National Science Challenge, The Liggins Institute, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Alana Klein
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Alana Cavadino
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Meika Foster
- High-Value Nutrition Ko Ngā Kai Whai Painga National Science Challenge, The Liggins Institute, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
- Edible Research Ltd., Canterbury 7692, New Zealand
| | - Jeremy D Krebs
- High-Value Nutrition Ko Ngā Kai Whai Painga National Science Challenge, The Liggins Institute, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington 6242, New Zealand
| | - Andrea Braakhuis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
- High-Value Nutrition Ko Ngā Kai Whai Painga National Science Challenge, The Liggins Institute, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Troy L Merry
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
- High-Value Nutrition Ko Ngā Kai Whai Painga National Science Challenge, The Liggins Institute, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
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Heredia NI, Thrift AP, Ramsey DJ, Loomba R, El-Serag HB. Association of Diet Quality with Metabolic (Dysfunction) Associated Fatty Liver Disease in Veterans in Primary Care. Nutrients 2023; 15:2598. [PMID: 37299561 PMCID: PMC10255737 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diet is associated with metabolic (dysfunction)-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), but the dietary composition associated with MAFLD risk has not been well-examined. AIM The purpose of this study was to assess the association of two healthy eating indices with the presence and severity of MAFLD in a sample of Veterans in a primary care setting. METHODS This was a single center cross-sectional study using a random stratified sample of Veterans enrolled in primary care. Participants underwent a Fibroscan and completed an interviewer-administered Diet History Questionnaire II from which we calculated the Healthy Eating Index-2015 and Alternate Mediterranean Diet Score. We used multivariable logistic regression models to assess associations of dietary quality with MAFLD. RESULTS We analyzed data from 187 participants, 53.5% of whom were female. On average, participants were 50.2 years of age (SD, 12.3 years) with an average BMI of 31.7 kg/m2. MAFLD was detected in 78 (42%) and at least moderate fibrosis in 12 (6%) participants. We found that the Alternate Mediterranean Diet Score was inversely associated with MAFLD (adjusted OR = 0.85, 95%CI 0.72-1.00), but controlling for BMI and total energy intake attenuated the association (adjusted OR = 0.92, 95%CI 0.74-1.15). We found no statistically significant associations between the Healthy Eating Index-2015 and MAFLD or advanced fibrosis. DISCUSSION We found that the Alternate Mediterranean Diet Score was significantly associated with lower MAFLD risk in Veterans; however, the association was mediated by BMI and total energy intake. A Mediterranean-style diet could potentially help reduce the risk of MAFLD, particularly if it helps control total energy intake and weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia I. Heredia
- Department of Health Promotion & Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Aaron P. Thrift
- Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - David J. Ramsey
- Houston VA HSR&D Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX 77021, USA (H.B.E.-S.)
- Section of Health Services Research, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Rohit Loomba
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA;
- NAFLD Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Hashem B. El-Serag
- Houston VA HSR&D Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX 77021, USA (H.B.E.-S.)
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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20
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Varesi A, Campagnoli LIM, Chirumbolo S, Candiano B, Carrara A, Ricevuti G, Esposito C, Pascale A. The Brain-Gut-Microbiota Interplay in Depression: a key to design innovative therapeutic approaches. Pharmacol Res 2023; 192:106799. [PMID: 37211239 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Depression is the most prevalent mental disorder in the world associated with huge socio-economic consequences. While depressive-related symptoms are well known, the molecular mechanisms underlying disease pathophysiology and progression remain largely unknown. The gut microbiota (GM) is emerging as a key regulator of the central nervous system homeostasis by exerting fundamental immune and metabolic functions. In turn, the brain influences the intestinal microbial composition through neuroendocrine signals, within the so-called gut microbiota-brain axis. The balance of this bidirectional crosstalk is important to ensure neurogenesis, preserve the integrity of the blood-brain barrier and avoid neuroinflammation. Conversely, dysbiosis and gut permeability negatively affect brain development, behavior, and cognition. Furthermore, although not fully defined yet, changes in the GM composition in depressed patients are reported to influence the pharmacokinetics of common antidepressants by affecting their absorption, metabolism, and activity. Similarly, neuropsychiatric drugs may shape in turn the GM with an impact on the efficacy and toxicity of the pharmacological intervention itself. Consequently, strategies aimed at re-establishing the correct homeostatic gut balance (i.e., prebiotics, probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and dietary interventions) represent an innovative approach to improve the pharmacotherapy of depression. Among these, probiotics and the Mediterranean diet, alone or in combination with the standard of care, hold promise for clinical application. Therefore, the disclosure of the intricate network between GM and depression will give precious insights for innovative diagnostic and therapeutic approaches towards depression, with profound implications for drug development and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Varesi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
| | | | - Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37121 Verona, Italy
| | - Beatrice Candiano
- Department of Drug Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Adelaide Carrara
- Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit, IRCCS Mondino, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Ciro Esposito
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Italy; Nephrology and dialysis unit, ICS S. Maugeri SPA SB Hospital, Pavia, Italy; High School in Geriatrics, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessia Pascale
- Department of Drug Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
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21
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Bordoni A. Insight into the Sustainability of the Mediterranean Diet: The Water Footprint of the Recommended Italian Diet. Nutrients 2023; 15:2204. [PMID: 37432353 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
At present, as we face climate change and natural resource scarcity, one of the major challenges linking humans and the environment is to ensure sufficient, nutritious, safe, and affordable food for a rapidly growing world population. In a nutshell, "feed the world without destroying it". The water footprint (WF), i.e., the withdrawals of fresh water necessary to produce one kilogram of food product, is one of the key indicators of the environmental impact of diets. In this work, the WF of the food patterns suggested by the Italian Food Based Dietary Guidelines, considered a model of the Mediterranean Diet, was evaluated for the first time. The data reported here clearly demonstrate that the suggested Italian dietary patterns have a low WF, the reduction of which by replacing animal foods with plant foods is limited because the suggested consumption of meat is already low. Consumer choice in the consumption of specific products within a food group could further reduce the WF of the diet, underlining the need to provide correct information not only to consumers but also to farmers and producers to encourage them to make water-saving choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Bordoni
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, FC, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Agri-Food Research (CIRI), University of Bologna, Via Quinto Bucci 336, 47521 Cesena, FC, Italy
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22
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Kokkinopoulou A, Rodopaios NE, Koulouri AA, Vasara E, Papadopoulou SK, Skepastianos P, Dermitzakis E, Hassapidou M, Kafatos AG. Impact of Christian Orthodox Church Fasting on Metabolic Syndrome Components in Adults Aged 18-49 Years. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071755. [PMID: 37049597 PMCID: PMC10096952 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Studies regarding health effects of religious fasting have been increased during the last decade. Our aim was to investigate the effects of Christian Orthodox Church (COC) fasting on metabolic syndrome in young adults. METHODS Participants were 224 men and women, of whom 111 had been following the COC fasting regime and 113 were non-fasters, all aged 18 to 49 years (mean age 29.23 ± 8.78 years). Anthropometric measurements, including the Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis, were performed on individuals, and they also completed food intake questionnaires, and provided blood samples for biochemical analysis. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III and all variables were checked. RESULTS Fasters did not statistically differ in anthropometric measurements when comparing to non-fasters. Differences were found in terms of biochemical variables, and more specific in HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and total blood cholesterol, and in systemic and diastolic blood pressure, although non statistically significant. Statistically significant differences were only noticed in heart pulses and insulin levels, with fasters having lower heart pulses (69.44 ± 9.84 versus 72.63 ± 10.74) and greater mean values of insulin levels (4.16 ± 4.66 versus 3.12 ± 2.35). When analysis was carried to identify which variables were met for metabolic syndrome, it was found that fasters had statistically significant lower values of blood pressure when compared to non-fasters. In more details mean systolic blood pressure was 121.67 ± 12.21 versus 123.41 ± 11.73 for fasters and non-fasters respectively, and mean diastolic blood pressure was 75.77 ± 8.82 versus 78.27 ± 10.07 for fasters and non-fasters. Furthermore, the mean energy intake was higher in non-fasters (1698.25 ± 515.99 kcals) when compared to fasters (1590.24 ± 404.19 kcals) but not statistically significant different. CONCLUSIONS Young adults aged 18 to 49 years who fast according to the COC fasting regimes do not have different metabolic syndrome prevalence when comparing to non-fasters, but there was a statistically significant difference in the prevalence of elevated blood pressure with fasters having lower values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kokkinopoulou
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Nutrition Unit, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos E Rodopaios
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Nutrition Unit, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Eleni Vasara
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Sousana K Papadopoulou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Petros Skepastianos
- Department of Medical Laboratory Studies, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Dermitzakis
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maria Hassapidou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anthony G Kafatos
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Nutrition Unit, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
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23
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Sousa-Santos N, Fialho M, Madeira T, Clara C, Veiga S, Martins R, Barros N, Santos G, Santos O, Almeida C, Ganança L, Campos RC, Camolas J, da Silva AP, Guarino MPS, Heitor MJ. Nutritional counselling in adults promoting adherence to the Mediterranean diet as adjuvant in the treatment of major depressive disorder (INDEPT): a randomized open controlled trial study protocol. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:227. [PMID: 37016319 PMCID: PMC10074649 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04705-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of disability worldwide. Approximately one-third of patients with MDD do not respond to treatment, and often exhibit elevated inflammation biomarkers, which are associated with worse prognosis. Previous research has linked healthier dietary patterns, such as the Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet), with a lower risk of MDD and symptoms of depression, potentially due to their anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a nutritional counselling intervention promoting MedDiet to alleviate symptoms of depression in adults recently diagnosed with MDD and presenting with elevated inflammation biomarkers. METHODS This study is a randomized controlled trial (RCT) that will recruit adults from outpatient clinics, between the ages of 18 and 70 years who have been diagnosed with MDD and are currently receiving treatment with the first prescribed antidepressant, and who exhibit elevated inflammation biomarkers (interleukin-6 and/or C-reactive protein). The control group will receive treatment-as-usual (TAU) only. The primary outcome of the study will be the change in symptoms of depression, as measured by the Beck Depression Inventory 2 (BDI-II), after 12 weeks of intervention. Data analysis will follow an intention-to-treat approach. Secondary outcomes will include changes in inflammation biomarkers, quality of life, adherence to the MedDiet, and cost-effectiveness of nutritional counselling. All outcomes will be assessed at baseline, after the 12-week intervention, and at 6- and 12-months post-baseline. DISCUSSION This study will be the first RCT to evaluate the effect of a nutritional intervention with anti-inflammatory properties, as an adjuvant in the treatment of MDD, in individuals diagnosed with MDD and elevated inflammation biomarkers. The results of this study may contribute to the development of more effective and personalized interventions for MDD patients with elevated inflammation biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Sousa-Santos
- Center for Innovative Care and Health Technology (ciTechcare), Instituto Politécnico, Leiria - R. de Santo André, Leiria, 2410, Portugal.
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental (ISAMB), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa - Av, Lisboa, 1649-028, Portugal.
- Laboratório Associado TERRA, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, Lisboa, 1649-028, Portugal.
| | - Mónica Fialho
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental (ISAMB), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa - Av, Lisboa, 1649-028, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado TERRA, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, Lisboa, 1649-028, Portugal
| | - Teresa Madeira
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental (ISAMB), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa - Av, Lisboa, 1649-028, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado TERRA, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, Lisboa, 1649-028, Portugal
- Laboratório de Nutrição, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, Edifício Egas Moniz, ala C, piso 2, Lisboa, 1649-028, Portugal
| | - Cátia Clara
- Center for Innovative Care and Health Technology (ciTechcare), Instituto Politécnico, Leiria - R. de Santo André, Leiria, 2410, Portugal
| | - Sofia Veiga
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental (ISAMB), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa - Av, Lisboa, 1649-028, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado TERRA, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, Lisboa, 1649-028, Portugal
| | - Raquel Martins
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental (ISAMB), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa - Av, Lisboa, 1649-028, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado TERRA, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, Lisboa, 1649-028, Portugal
| | - Neuza Barros
- Center for Innovative Care and Health Technology (ciTechcare), Instituto Politécnico, Leiria - R. de Santo André, Leiria, 2410, Portugal
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental (ISAMB), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa - Av, Lisboa, 1649-028, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado TERRA, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, Lisboa, 1649-028, Portugal
| | - Gabriela Santos
- Center for Innovative Care and Health Technology (ciTechcare), Instituto Politécnico, Leiria - R. de Santo André, Leiria, 2410, Portugal
| | - Osvaldo Santos
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental (ISAMB), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa - Av, Lisboa, 1649-028, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado TERRA, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, Lisboa, 1649-028, Portugal
| | - Carolina Almeida
- Serviço de Psiquiatria e Saúde Mental, Centro Hospitalar de Leiria - Hospital de Santo André, R. de Santo André, Leiria, 2410-197, Portugal
| | - Licínia Ganança
- Departamento de Psiquiatria e Saúde Mental, Clínica Universitária de Psiquiatria e Psicologia Médica, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rui C Campos
- Comprehensive Health Research Center, Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - José Camolas
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental (ISAMB), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa - Av, Lisboa, 1649-028, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado TERRA, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, Lisboa, 1649-028, Portugal
- Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, EPE, Hospital de Santa Maria, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz MB, Lisboa, 1649-028, Portugal
- Laboratório de Nutrição, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, Edifício Egas Moniz, ala C, piso 2, Lisboa, 1649-028, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Católica Portuguesa - Estr. Octávio Pato, Rio de Mouro, Sintra, 2635-631, Portugal
| | - Alda Pereira da Silva
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental (ISAMB), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa - Av, Lisboa, 1649-028, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado TERRA, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, Lisboa, 1649-028, Portugal
- Clínica Universitária de Medicina Geral e Familiar, Faculdade Medicina Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz MB, Lisboa, 1649-028, Portugal
| | - Maria Pedro Sucena Guarino
- Center for Innovative Care and Health Technology (ciTechcare), Instituto Politécnico, Leiria - R. de Santo André, Leiria, 2410, Portugal
| | - Maria João Heitor
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental (ISAMB), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa - Av, Lisboa, 1649-028, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Católica Portuguesa - Estr. Octávio Pato, Rio de Mouro, Sintra, 2635-631, Portugal
- Departamento de Psiquiatria e Saúde Mental, Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, Av. Carlos Teixeira 3, Loures, 2674-514, Portugal
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24
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Temporelli PL. Cardiovascular prevention: Mediterranean or low-fat diet? Eur Heart J Suppl 2023; 25:B166-B170. [PMID: 37091669 PMCID: PMC10120950 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartjsupp/suad097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
The international scientific community has long agreed on the fact that a low-fat diet is actually able to bring benefits to cardiovascular health and beyond. By low-fat diet, experts mean a diet where the average calories assimilated daily are made up of no more than 30% fat. The Mediterranean Diet, on the other hand, identifies a nutritional model inspired by the traditional eating habits of the countries bordering the Mediterranean Sea. It began to be studied scientifically in the 1950s and it is still today one of the diets that have a positive impact on our health when associated with correct lifestyles. Although epidemiological and mechanistic studies show similar results, there is no evidence from large-scale, long-term clinical trials on the efficacy of the Mediterranean Diet compared with another active group, particularly in secondary prevention. A convincing response has been obtained from the recent CORDIOPREV study (CORonary Diet Intervention with Olive oil and cardiovascular PREVention) which randomized ∼1000 patients with documented coronary artery disease to a Mediterranean Diet or a low-fat dietary intervention. In a 7-year follow-up, the Mediterranean Diet was superior to the low-fat diet in the prevention of major cardiovascular events.
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25
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Kamińska W, Wiśniewska K, Okręglicka K, Pazura I, Nitsch-Osuch A. Lifestyle intervention towards Mediterranean Diet, physical activity adherence and anthropometric parameters in normal weight women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome or Hashimoto's Thyroiditis - preliminary study. Ann Agric Environ Med 2023; 30:111-117. [PMID: 36999863 DOI: 10.26444/aaem/159156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Overweight and obesity are frequently present in both women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). This is a limited study regarding the benefits of lifestyle changes, including dietary habits, dedicated to patients with HT and PCOS. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of an intervention programme based on the Mediterranean Diet (MD) without caloric restriction and increased physical activity to change selected anthropometric parameters in women with both health conditions. MATERIAL AND METHODS The intervention programme consisted of changing the participants diet towards MD rules and increasing physical activity for 10 weeks according WHO recommendation. The study involved 14 women diagnosed with HT, 15 with PCOS and 24 women from a control group. The intervention programme consisted of educating patients in the form of a lecture, dietary advice, leaflets and a 7-day menu based on MD. During the programme, patients were required to implement recommended lifestyle changes. The mean intervention time was 72 ± 20 days. Nutritional status was analyzed by body composition, degree of implementation of the principles of the MD by using the MedDiet Score Tool, and the level of physical activity by the IPAQ-PL questionnaire. The above-mentioned parameters were evaluated twice, before and after the intervention. RESULTS The intervention programme consisting in implementing the principles of the MD and increasing physical activity to effect a change in the anthropometric parameters of all groups of women studied; all women had a reduction in body fat and body mass index. A decrease in waist circumference was observed in the group of patients with Hashimoto's disease. CONCLUSIONS An intervention programme based on the Mediterranean Diet and physical activity can be a good way to improve the health of HT and PCOS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Kamińska
- Student Scientific Group of Hygiene and Prevention, Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Klaudia Wiśniewska
- Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Okręglicka
- Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Pazura
- Student Scientific Group of Hygiene and Prevention, Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aneta Nitsch-Osuch
- Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
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26
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Catalin RE, Martin-Lujan F, Salamanca-Gonzalez P, Palleja-Millan M, Villalobos F, Santigosa-Ayala A, Pedret A, Valls-Zamora RM, Sola R. Mediterranean Diet and Lung Function in Adults Current Smokers: A Cross-Sectional Analysis in the MEDISTAR Project. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051272. [PMID: 36904270 PMCID: PMC10005310 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MeDi) has a positive impact on lung function in subjects with lung disease. In subjects free of respiratory diseases, but at risk, this association is not yet well established. METHODS Based on the reference data from the MEDISTAR clinical trial (Mediterranean Diet and Smoking in Tarragona and Reus; ISRCTN 03.362.372), an observational study was conducted with 403 middle-aged smokers without lung disease, treated at 20 centres of primary care in Tarragona (Catalonia, Spain). The degree of MeDi adherence was evaluated according to a 14-item questionnaire, and adherence was defined in three groups (low, medium, and high). Lung function were assessed by forced spirometry. Logistic regression and linear regression models were used to analyse the association between adherence to the MeDi and the presence of ventilatory defects. RESULTS Globally, the pulmonary alteration prevalence (impaired FEV1 and/or FVC) was 28.8%, although it was lower in participants with medium and high adherence to the MeDi, compared to those with a low score (24.2% and 27.4% vs. 38.5%, p = 0.004). Logistic regression models showed a significant and independent association between medium and high adherence to the MeDi and the presence of altered lung patterns (OR 0.467 [95%CI 0.266, 0.820] and 0.552 [95%CI 0.313, 0.973], respectively). CONCLUSIONS MeDi adherence is inversely associated with the risk impaired lung function. These results indicate that healthy diet behaviours can be modifiable risk factors to protect lung function and reinforce the possibility of a nutritional intervention to increase adherence to MeDi, in addition to promoting smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana-Elena Catalin
- Research Support Unit Camp of Tarragona, Department of Primary Care Camp de Tarragona, Institut Català de la Salut, 43202 Reus, Spain
- CENIT Research Group, Fundació Institut Universitari Per a la Recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Martin-Lujan
- Research Support Unit Camp of Tarragona, Department of Primary Care Camp de Tarragona, Institut Català de la Salut, 43202 Reus, Spain
- CENIT Research Group, Fundació Institut Universitari Per a la Recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), 08007 Barcelona, Spain
- Departament of Medicine and Surgery, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de La Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Patricia Salamanca-Gonzalez
- CENIT Research Group, Fundació Institut Universitari Per a la Recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Meritxell Palleja-Millan
- Research Support Unit Camp of Tarragona, Department of Primary Care Camp de Tarragona, Institut Català de la Salut, 43202 Reus, Spain
- CENIT Research Group, Fundació Institut Universitari Per a la Recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), 08007 Barcelona, Spain
- Departament of Medicine and Surgery, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de La Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Felipe Villalobos
- Research Support Unit Camp of Tarragona, Department of Primary Care Camp de Tarragona, Institut Català de la Salut, 43202 Reus, Spain
- CENIT Research Group, Fundació Institut Universitari Per a la Recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Santigosa-Ayala
- Research Support Unit Camp of Tarragona, Department of Primary Care Camp de Tarragona, Institut Català de la Salut, 43202 Reus, Spain
- CENIT Research Group, Fundació Institut Universitari Per a la Recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), 08007 Barcelona, Spain
- Departament of Medicine and Surgery, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de La Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Anna Pedret
- Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Disease Group (NFOC-SALUT), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Rosa M. Valls-Zamora
- Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Disease Group (NFOC-SALUT), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Rosa Sola
- Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Disease Group (NFOC-SALUT), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
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Best N, Flannery O. Association between adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and the Eatwell Guide and changes in weight and waist circumference in post-menopausal women in the UK Women's Cohort Study. Post Reprod Health 2023; 29:25-32. [PMID: 36738286 PMCID: PMC10009324 DOI: 10.1177/20533691231156643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the associations between adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and the Eatwell Guide (EWG) and changes in weight and waist circumference in post-menopausal women. STUDY DESIGN Post-hoc analysis of post-menopausal women from the UK Women's Cohort Study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Changes in weight, waist circumference and the risk of abdominal and general obesity. RESULTS 4162 post-menopausal women were selected. Higher adherence to both the EWG and the Mediterranean Diet was associated with smaller increases in waist circumference over 4 years (EWG: β -0.47, CI -0.75, -0.20 per 1 tertile increase in score), (Mediterranean Diet: β -0.29, CI -0.58, -0.01 per 1 tertile increase in score); and lower risk of abdominal obesity (EWG: OR 0.55, CI 0.43, 0.70 third versus the first tertile), (Mediterranean Diet: OR 0.60, CI 0.46, 0.76 third versus the first tertile), but was not associated with weight changes (EWG: β 0.14, CI -0.07, 0.36 per 1 tertile increase in score), (Mediterranean Diet: β 0.03, CI -0.19, 0.25 per 1 tertile increase in score) or risk of becoming overweight or obese (EWG: OR 1.09, CI 0.77, 1.52 third versus the first tertile), (Mediterranean Diet: OR 0.91, CI 0.65, 1.27 third versus the first tertile). CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that adherence to either the Mediterranean Diet or the EWG can help to prevent abdominal obesity in post-menopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Best
- Faculty of Health and Education, 5289Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Orla Flannery
- Faculty of Health and Education, 5289Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
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Delgado A, Gonçalves S, Romano A. Mediterranean Diet: The Role of Phenolic Compounds from Aromatic Plant Foods. Foods 2023; 12:foods12040840. [PMID: 36832914 PMCID: PMC9957056 DOI: 10.3390/foods12040840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Today's global food system aggravates climate change while failing in meeting SDG2 and more. Yet, some sustainable food cultures, such as the Mediterranean Diet (MD), are simultaneously safe, healthy, and rooted in biodiversity. Their wide range of fruits, herbs, and vegetables convey many bioactive compounds, often associated with colour, texture, and aroma. Phenolic compounds are largely responsible for such features of MD's foods. These plant secondary metabolites all share in vitro bioactivities (e.g., antioxidants), and some are evidenced in vivo (e.g., plant sterols lower cholesterol levels in blood). The present work examines the role of polyphenols in the MD, with respect to human and planetary health. Since the commercial interest in polyphenols is increasing, a strategy for the sustainable exploitation of Mediterranean plants is essential in preserving species at risk while valuing local cultivars (e.g., through the geographical indication mechanism). Finally, the linkage of food habits with cultural landscapes, a cornerstone of the MD, should enable awareness-raising about seasonality, endemism, and other natural constraints to ensure the sustainable exploitation of Mediterranean plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélia Delgado
- MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE—Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Sandra Gonçalves
- MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE—Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Ed. 8, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Anabela Romano
- MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE—Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Ed. 8, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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Cirillo M, Argento FR, Attanasio M, Becatti M, Ladisa I, Fiorillo C, Coccia ME, Fatini C. Atherosclerosis and Endometriosis: The Role of Diet and Oxidative Stress in a Gender-Specific Disorder. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020450. [PMID: 36830986 PMCID: PMC9953736 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Accelerated atherosclerosis in patients with endometriosis has been hypothesised, and lifestyle improvement might control cardiovascular risk. We explored cardiometabolic markers and oxidative stress and evaluated the effects of the Mediterranean Diet (MD) in modulating these markers. Methods: In this prospective study, we included 35 women with endometriosis. At baseline (T0) and after 3 (T1) and 6 (T2) months from the start of the diet, we investigated cardiometabolic parameters, lifestyle and oxidative stress. Results: After a 3-month intervention with MD, we observed a significant reduction in total cholesterol (p = 0.01) and LDL-c (p = 0.003). We observed at T1 an increase in B12 and E vitamins, folate and zinc. After 6 months, zinc (p = 0.04) and folate (p = 0.08) increased in comparison to T0. A reduction in homocysteine from T0 to T1 (p = 0.01) was found. After 3 months, an increase in Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity tool 1 (RAPA) (p < 0.001) and RAPA 2 was observed (p = 0.009). We observed high levels of oxidative stress markers at baseline. After 6 months of MD, a significant improvement in lymphocyte Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) (p < 0.001) and total antioxidant capacity was observed (p = 0.02). Conclusions: The improvement of lifestyle, and in particular the Mediterranean dietary intervention, allowed the improvement of the metabolic and oxidative profile and overall health-related quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Cirillo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
- Centre for Assisted Reproductive Technology, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Flavia Rita Argento
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Monica Attanasio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Matteo Becatti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Irene Ladisa
- Centre for Assisted Reproductive Technology, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Claudia Fiorillo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Elisabetta Coccia
- Centre for Assisted Reproductive Technology, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Cinzia Fatini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
- Centre for Assisted Reproductive Technology, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Gualtieri P, Marchetti M, Frank G, Smeriglio A, Trombetta D, Colica C, Cianci R, De Lorenzo A, Di Renzo L. Antioxidant-Enriched Diet on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Gene Expression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:206. [PMID: 36672947 PMCID: PMC9859217 DOI: 10.3390/genes14010206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) is associated with beneficial effects against chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCDs). In particular, the content of micronutrients leads to an improvement of the oxidative and inflammatory profiles. A randomized, parallel, controlled study, on 24 subjects, was conducted to evaluate if 2-week supplementation with a mixed apple and bergamot juice (MAB juice), had a positive impact on the body composition, the biochemical profile, and oxidative and inflammatory gene expression (Superoxide dismutase (SOD1), Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ (PPARγ), catalase (CAT), chemokine C-C motif ligand 5 (CCL5), Nuclear Factor Kappa B Subunit 1 (NFKB1), Vitamin D Receptor (VDR), and Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF)), respect to a MedDiet. Body composition evaluation analysis showed a gain in lean mass (p < 0.01). Moreover, a significant reduction in total cholesterol/HDL index (p < 0.01) was pointed out between the two groups. Gene expression analysis highlighted an increase in MIF (p ≤ 0.05), PPARγ (p < 0.001), SOD1 (p ≤ 0.05), and VDR (p ≤ 0.05) expressions when comparing MedDiet and MedDiet + MAB juice groups. These data based on the nutrigenomics approach demonstrated that supplementing 2 weeks of MAB juice to the MedDiet could contribute to a reduction in the risk of CNCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Gualtieri
- Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomics, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Marchetti
- School of Specialization in Food Science, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Frank
- Ph.D. School of Applied Medical-Surgical Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Smeriglio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Domenico Trombetta
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Carmela Colica
- CNR, IBFM UOS, Università Magna Graecia, Viale Europa, 88100 Germaneto, Italy
| | - Rossella Cianci
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonino De Lorenzo
- Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomics, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Di Renzo
- Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomics, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Floria I, Kontele I, Grammatikopoulou MG, Sergentanis TN, Vassilakou T. Quality of Life of Hemodialysis Patients in Greece: Associations with Socio-Economic, Anthropometric and Nutritional Factors. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph192215389. [PMID: 36430108 PMCID: PMC9696256 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a serious public health problem that, in recent decades, has taken on significant dimensions with serious effects on the quality of life (QoL) of patients. The purpose of this cross-sectional study is to evaluate the QoL of a sample of hemodialysis patients in Greece and the possible correlations with socio-economic and anthropometric factors, as well as with adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MD). During September-November 2019, one-hundred and five (n = 105) patients with end-stage CKD (63.4 ± 13.09 years of age) who were regularly monitored in five public and private hemodialysis units in the region of Attica, completed a demographic questionnaire, the MedDietScore questionnaire, and the KDQOL-SF questionnaire. Females presented worse QoL than males (p < 0.05), and older patients presented worse QoL than younger patients (p < 0.01). Patients of higher educational status presented better QoL scores than those of lower educational status (p < 0.01), while those with low financial status presented lower QoL scores than patients of middle and high financial status (p < 0.01). Obese patients had lower QoL scores than overweight patients (p < 0.05), and overweight males scored higher than normal weight males (p < 0.05). Age was negatively correlated to the total and most of the scales of QoL (p < 0.01). A majority of the patients (90.5%) showed a moderate adherence to MD, although "work status" was the only QoL scale that was correlated to MD. Age, educational status and financial status accounted for 28.1% of the variance in the KDQOL-SF total score. Hemodialysis patients need support in various levels, such as social, financial and educational, as well as nutritional counseling to adopt a balanced diet and maintain a healthy weight, in order to achieve a better quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Floria
- Department of Public Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, 196 Alexandras Avenue, 11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Kontele
- Department of Public Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, 196 Alexandras Avenue, 11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria G. Grammatikopoulou
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Theodoros N. Sergentanis
- Department of Public Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, 196 Alexandras Avenue, 11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Tonia Vassilakou
- Department of Public Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, 196 Alexandras Avenue, 11521 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence:
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Valerio J, Barabash A, Garcia de la Torre N, De Miguel P, Melero V, Del Valle L, Moraga I, Familiar C, Durán A, Torrejón MJ, Diaz A, Jiménez I, Matia P, Rubio MA, Calle-Pascual AL. The Relationship between Serum Adipokines, miR-222-3p, miR-103a-3p and Glucose Regulation in Pregnancy and Two to Three Years Post-Delivery in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Adhering to Mediterranean Diet Recommendations. Nutrients 2022; 14. [PMID: 36432399 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The San Carlos Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) prevention study, a nutritional intervention RCT based on a Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet), has been shown to reduce the incidence of GDM. The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship of leptin, adiponectin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), insulin and HOMA-IRand circulating miRNAs (miR-29a-3p, miR-103a-3p, miR-132-3p, miR-222-3p) with the appearance of GDM and with MedDiet-based nutritional intervention, at 24−28 gestational weeks (GW), and in glucose regulation 2−3 years post-delivery (PD). A total of 313 pregnant women, 77 with GDM vs. 236 with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), 141 from the control group (CG, MedDiet restricting the consumption of dietary fat including EVOO and nuts during pregnancy) vs. 172 from the intervention group (IG, MedDiet supplemented with extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) and pistachios during pregnancy) were compared at Visit 1 (8−12 GW), Visit 2 (24−28 GW) and Visit 3 (2−3 years PD). Expression of miRNAs was determined by the Exiqon miRCURY LNA RT-PCR system. Leptin, adiponectin, IL-6 and TNF-α, were measured by Milliplex® immunoassays on Luminex 200 and insulin by RIA. Women with GDM vs. NTG had significantly higher leptin median (Q1−Q3) levels (14.6 (9.2−19.4) vs. 9.6 (6.0−15.1) ng/mL; p < 0.05) and insulin levels (11.4 (8.6−16.5) vs. 9.4 (7.0−12.8) µUI/mL; p < 0.001) and lower adiponectin (12.9 (9.8−17.2) vs. 17.0 (13.3−22.4) µg/mL; p < 0.001) at Visit 2. These findings persisted in Visit 3, with overexpression of miR-222-3p (1.45 (0.76−2.21) vs. 0.99 (0.21−1.70); p < 0.05)) and higher levels of Il-6 and TNF-α. When the IG is compared with the CG lower levels of insulin, HOMA-IR-IR, IL-6 levels at Visit 2 and 3 and leptin levels only at Visit 2 were observed. An overexpression of miR-222-3p and miR-103a-3p were also observed in IG at Visit 2 and 3. The miR-222-3p and miR103a-3p expression correlated with insulin levels, HOMA-IR, IL-6 and TNF-α at Visit 2 (all p < 0.05). These data support the association of leptin, adiponectin and insulin/HOMA-IR with GDM, as well as the association of insulin/HOMA-IR and IL-6 and miR-222-3p and miR-103a-3p expression with a MedDiet-based nutritional intervention.
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Sánchez-Rosales AI, Guadarrama-López AL, Gaona-Valle LS, Martínez-Carrillo BE, Valdés-Ramos R. The Effect of Dietary Patterns on Inflammatory Biomarkers in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients 2022; 14. [PMID: 36364839 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Some evidence supports the fact that chronic low-grade inflammation contributes to the physiopathology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and circulating markers of inflammation (e.g., C-reactive protein (CRP), pro- and anti-inflammatory biomarkers (e.g., adiponectin), and endothelial function markers could indicate an ongoing pathology. Following certain dietary patterns (DPs) may result in favorable changes in inflammatory biomarkers. The overarching aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to explore the inflammatory effect of healthy DPs on inflammatory biomarkers in adults with T2DM. A systematic search of the literature was conducted using the electronic databases MEDLINE, SCOPUS, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. A total of 10 randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) were analyzed. In our linear meta-analysis, the random-effects model was applied to estimate standardized mean differences (SMD) to associate the effect of the interventions. Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), Diabetes UK healthy eating, Mediterranean Diet (MD), Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP), and the American Heart Association’s Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes diet were associated with a significant reduction in CRP (SMD: −0.83, 99% CI −1.49, −0.17, p < 0.001; I2 94%), while plasma levels of adiponectin were significantly higher with the intake of MD, DPP, and Diabetes UK healthy eating (SMD: 0.81, 99% CI 0.06,1.56, p < 0.005; I2 96%), both of which indicate less inflammation. Sensitivity analyses were carried out, and potential publication bias was examined. In conclusion, low- moderate-quality evidence from RCTs suggests that, for the DPs evaluated, there are favorable changes in CRP and adiponectin.
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Rosi A, Biasini B, Monica E, Rapetti V, Deon V, Scazzina F. Nutritional Composition and Environmental Impact of Meals Selected in Workplace Canteens before and after an Intervention Promoting the Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14214456. [PMID: 36364719 PMCID: PMC9656980 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhancing healthy and sustainable food systems is one of the key goals of the current European Commission policy. In this light, the creation of a food environment where people are properly informed about the healthiness and sustainability of food choices is essential. This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional profile and the environmental impact of meals consumed in a workplace canteen in Italy in the presence of a nudge (i.e., the Double Pyramid logo) combined with a web-based application promoting the Mediterranean Diet. Energy and nutrient contents and the carbon, water, and ecological footprints of 29,776 meals were compared across three subsequent periods (from June to April) through one-way ANOVA. Although the choice of dishes labelled with the Double Pyramid logo was comparable across periods, the selection of fish- and plant-based dishes increased from +2% (fish, vegetables) up to +17% (whole-grain cereals), with a concurrent reduction of meat-based options (−2%). Although the consumption of healthy items increased (p < 0.001), they were not added as a replacement for alternative options, leading to a higher content in energy (p < 0.001) and nutrients (p < 0.001) and worse environmental footprints, contrarily to what was observed when data were adjusted for energy. The intervention significantly improved food choices; however, as the higher selection of desired dishes was not adequately compensated for, it was not fully effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Rosi
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0521-903913
| | - Beatrice Biasini
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy
| | - Elisa Monica
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy
| | - Valeria Rapetti
- Global Nutrition & Wellbeing Unit, Research, Development & Quality Group, Barilla G. e R. Fratelli, 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - Valeria Deon
- Global Nutrition & Wellbeing Unit, Research, Development & Quality Group, Barilla G. e R. Fratelli, 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - Francesca Scazzina
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy
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GOKCE NURIYE, BASGOZ NESLIHAN, KENANOGLU SERCAN, AKALIN HILAL, OZKUL YUSUF, ERGOREN MAHMUTCERKEZ, BECCARI TOMMASO, BERTELLI MATTEO, DUNDAR MUNIS. An overview of the genetic aspects of hair loss and its connection with nutrition. J Prev Med Hyg 2022; 63:E228-E238. [PMID: 36479473 PMCID: PMC9710406 DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2022.63.2s3.2765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Hair loss is a widespread concern in dermatology clinics, affecting both men's and women's quality of life. Hair loss can have many different causes, which are critical to identify in order to provide appropriate treatment. Hair loss can happen due to many variables, such as genetic factors or predisposition, vitamin and mineral deficiencies, skin problems, hair growth disorders, poor diet, hormonal problems, certain internal diseases, drug use, stress and depression, cosmetic factors, childbirth, and the chemotherapy process. Treatment for hair loss varies depending on the type of alopecia, deficiency, or excess of structures such as vitamins and minerals, and also on hair and skin structure. The Mediterranean diet is characterized by low amounts of saturated fat, animal protein, and high amounts of unsaturated fat, fiber, polyphenols, and antioxidants. The main nutrients found in the Mediterranean Diet are rich in antioxidant, anti-inflammatory components. It also has an important place in hair loss treatment, since recently treatment strategies have included polyphenols and unsaturated oils more and more frequently. The goal of this work was to review published articles examining alopecia and its types, the many micronutrients that affect alopecia, and the role of the Mediterranean diet in alopecia. The literature shows that little is known about hair loss, nutritional factors, and diet, and that the data collected are conflicting. Given these differences, research into the function of diet and nutrition in the treatment of baldness is a dynamic and growing topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- NURIYE GOKCE
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - NESLIHAN BASGOZ
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - SERCAN KENANOGLU
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - HILAL AKALIN
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - YUSUF OZKUL
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - MAHMUT CERKEZ ERGOREN
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
- DESAM Institute, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - TOMMASO BECCARI
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - MATTEO BERTELLI
- MAGISNAT, Peachtree Corners (GA), USA
- MAGI Euregio, Bolzano, Italy
- MAGI’S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy
| | - MUNIS DUNDAR
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
- Correspondence: Munis Dundar, Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey. E-mail:
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KENANOGLU SERCAN, GOKCE NURIYE, AKALIN HILAL, ERGOREN MAHMUTCERKEZ, BECCARI TOMMASO, BERTELLI MATTEO, DUNDAR MUNIS. Implication of the Mediterranean diet on the human epigenome. J Prev Med Hyg 2022; 63:E44-E55. [PMID: 36479488 PMCID: PMC9710399 DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2022.63.2s3.2746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetics, defined as "hereditary changes in gene expression that occur without any change in the DNA sequence", consists of various epigenetic marks, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs. The epigenome, which has a dynamic structure in response to intracellular and extracellular stimuli, has a key role in the control of gene activity, since it is located at the intersection of cellular information encoded in the genome and molecular/chemical information of extracellular origin. The focus shift of studies to epigenetic reprogramming has led to the formation and progressive importance of a concept called "nutriepigenetics", whose aim is to prevent diseases by intervening on nutrition style. Among the diet types adopted in the world, the renowned Mediterranean Diet (MD), being rich in unsaturated fatty acids and containing high levels of whole grain foods and large quantities of fruits, vegetables, and legumes, has shown numerous advantages in excluding chronic diseases. Additionally, the fact that this diet is rich in polyphenols with high antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties has an undeniable effect in turning some cellular pathways against the disease. It is also apparent that the effects of polyphenols on the epigenome cause changes in mechanisms such as DNA methylation and histone acetylation/deacetylation, which have a regulatory effect on gene regulation. This review presents the effects of long-term consumption of nutrients from the MD on the epigenome and discusses the benefits of this diet in the treatment and even prevention of chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- SERCAN KENANOGLU
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - NURIYE GOKCE
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - HILAL AKALIN
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - MAHMUT CERKEZ ERGOREN
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
- DESAM Institute, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - TOMMASO BECCARI
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - MATTEO BERTELLI
- MAGISNAT, Peachtree Corners (GA), USA
- MAGI Euregio, Bolzano, Italy
- MAGI’S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy
| | - MUNIS DUNDAR
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
- Correspondence: Munis Dundar, Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey. E-mail:
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Turpin W, Dong M, Sasson G, Raygoza Garay JA, Espin-Garcia O, Lee SH, Neustaeter A, Smith MI, Leibovitzh H, Guttman DS, Goethel A, Griffiths AM, Huynh HQ, Dieleman LA, Panaccione R, Steinhart AH, Silverberg MS, Aumais G, Jacobson K, Mack D, Murthy SK, Marshall JK, Bernstein CN, Abreu MT, Moayyedi P, Paterson AD, Xu W, Croitoru K. Mediterranean-Like Dietary Pattern Associations With Gut Microbiome Composition and Subclinical Gastrointestinal Inflammation. Gastroenterology 2022; 163:685-698. [PMID: 35643175 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Case-control studies have shown that patients with Crohn's disease (CD) have a microbial composition different from healthy individuals. Although the causes of CD are unknown, epidemiologic studies suggest that diet is an important contributor to CD risk, potentially via modulation of bacterial composition and gut inflammation. We hypothesized that long-term dietary clusters (DCs) are associated with gut microbiome compositions and gut inflammation. Our objectives were to identify dietary patterns and assess whether they are associated with alterations in specific gut microbial compositions and subclinical levels of gut inflammation in a cohort of healthy first-degree relatives (FDRs) of patients with CD. METHODS As part of the Genetic, Environmental, Microbial (GEM) Project, we recruited a cohort of 2289 healthy FDRs of patients with CD. Individuals provided stool samples and answered a validated food frequency questionnaire reflecting their habitual diet during the year before sample collection. Unsupervised analysis identified 3 dietary and 3 microbial composition clusters. RESULTS DC3, resembling the Mediterranean diet, was strongly associated with a defined microbial composition, with an increased abundance of fiber-degrading bacteria, such as Ruminococcus, as well as taxa such as Faecalibacterium. The DC3 diet was also significantly associated with lower levels of subclinical gut inflammation, defined by fecal calprotectin, compared with other dietary patterns. No significant associations were found between individual food items and fecal calprotectin, suggesting that long-term dietary patterns rather than individual food items contribute to subclinical gut inflammation. Additionally, mediation analysis demonstrated that DC3 had a direct effect on subclinical inflammation that was partially mediated by the microbiota. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these results indicated that Mediterranean-like dietary patterns are associated with microbiome and lower intestinal inflammation. This study will help guide future dietary strategies that affect microbial composition and host gut inflammation to prevent diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Williams Turpin
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mei Dong
- Department of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gila Sasson
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Juan Antonio Raygoza Garay
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Osvaldo Espin-Garcia
- Division of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, and Department of Biostatistics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sun-Ho Lee
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anna Neustaeter
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michelle I Smith
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Haim Leibovitzh
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David S Guttman
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution & Function, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ashleigh Goethel
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anne M Griffiths
- Division of Gastroenterology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hien Q Huynh
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Levinus A Dieleman
- Division of Gastroenterology and the Centre of Excellence for Gastrointestinal Inflammation and Immunity Research (CEGIIR), Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Remo Panaccione
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Clinic, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - A Hillary Steinhart
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, and Department of Biostatistics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark S Silverberg
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Guy Aumais
- Department of Medicine, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kevan Jacobson
- Canadian Gastro-Intestinal Epidemiology Consortium (CanGIEC); British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - David Mack
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sanjay K Murthy
- The Ottawa Hospital Inflammatory Bowel Disease Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - John K Marshall
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charles N Bernstein
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Clinical and Research Centre, and Department of Internal Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Maria T Abreu
- Department of Medicine, Crohn's and Colitis Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Paul Moayyedi
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew D Paterson
- Department of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Wei Xu
- Division of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, and Department of Biostatistics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kenneth Croitoru
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Barkhordari R, Namayandeh M, Mirzaei M, Sohouli MH, Hosseinzadeh M. The relation between MIND diet with psychological disorders and psychological stress among Iranian adults. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:496. [PMID: 35879688 PMCID: PMC9310427 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04128-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the role of dietary antioxidants in relieving depression, anxiety, and stress, as well as studies on the beneficial effects of the Mediterranean and Dash diets separately on these problems, in this study, we examine the relationship between the MIND index (Mediterranean- DASH diet Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay) as a combined indicator of the Mediterranean and DASH diet with psychological disorders such as depression, anxiety, and psychological stress among a large sample of the Iranian adult population. METHODS This cross-sectional study was performed on 7165 participants of the enrollment phase of Yazd Health Study (YaHS) and Yazd Nutrition Study (TAMYZ) a valid 178-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess participants' food intake. The MIND diet score was calculated based on participants' dietary intakes obtained from FFQ. Also, the valid Iranian version of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS 21) was used to assess psychological disorders and stress. In addition, the association between the MIND diet and psychological disorders and stress was assessed through logistic regression. RESULTS The mean ± SD score was 3.33 ± 3.79 for depression, 2.99 ± 3.65 for anxiety, and 5.93 ± 4.70 for psychological stress. The mean score of MIND in this study was 7.56. After adjustment for after adjusting for age, gender, intake of energy, BMI, history of chronic disease, marital status, education level, smoking history, physical activity level, pregnancy or lactation, intakes of dietary EPA, DHA, and fiber, individuals in highest compared to the lowest quartile of MIND diet score had significantly lower odds of depression (OR = 0.62, 95% CI 0.40 - 0.96; P-trend = 0.02) and anxiety (OR = 0.61, 95% CI 0.41 - 0.91; P-trend = 0.01). However, no significant association was observed for psychological stress (OR = 0.57, 95% CI 0.28 - 1.14; P-trend = 0.83). CONCLUSION Therefore, it seems that following the MIND diet can prevent the possibility of these psychological problems. However, there is a need to design studies with more robust methodologies such as clinical trial studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Barkhordari
- grid.412505.70000 0004 0612 5912Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Namayandeh
- grid.412505.70000 0004 0612 5912Center for Healthcare Data Modeling, Departments of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Masoud Mirzaei
- grid.412505.70000 0004 0612 5912Yazd Cardiovascular Research Centre, Shahid Sadoughi University, of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Sohouli
- grid.411600.2Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. .,Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
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de Franchis R, Bozza L, Canale P, Chiacchio M, Cortese P, D’Avino A, De Giovanni M, Iacovo MD, D’Onofrio A, Federico A, Gasparini N, Iaccarino F, Romano G, Spadaro R, Tedesco M, Vitiello G, Antignani A, Auricchio S, Valentino V, De Filippis F, Ercolini D, Bruzzese D. The Effect of Weaning with Adult Food Typical of the Mediterranean Diet on Taste Development and Eating Habits of Children: A Randomized Trial. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122486. [PMID: 35745216 PMCID: PMC9227033 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mediterranean Diet (Med Diet) is one of the healthiest dietary patterns. We aimed to verify the effects of weaning (i.e., the introduction of solid foods in infants previously fed only with milk) using adult foods typical of Med Diet on children eating habits, and on the microbiota composition. A randomized controlled clinical trial on 394 healthy infants randomized in a 1:1 ratio in a Med Diet group weaned with fresh; seasonal and tasty foods of Med Diet and control group predominantly weaned with industrial baby foods. The primary end point was the percentage of children showing a good adherence to Med Diet at 36 months. Secondary end points were mother’s changes in adherence to Med Diet and differences in children gut microbiota. At 36 months, children showing a good adherence to Med Diet were 59.3% in the Med Diet group and 34.3% in the control group (p < 0.001). An increase in adherence to the Med Diet was observed in the mothers of the Med Diet group children (p < 0.001). At 4 years of age children in the Med Diet group had a higher gut microbial diversity and a higher abundance of beneficial taxa. A Mediterranean weaning with adult food may become a strategy for early nutritional education, to develop a healthy microbiota, to prevent inflammatory chronic diseases and to ameliorate eating habits in children and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella de Franchis
- Italian Federation of Maedical Paediatrics (FIMP), 80142 Naples, Italy; (L.B.); (P.C.); (M.C.); (P.C.); (A.D.); (M.D.G.); (M.D.I.); (A.D.); (A.F.); (N.G.); (F.I.); (G.R.); (R.S.); (M.T.); (G.V.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Luigi Bozza
- Italian Federation of Maedical Paediatrics (FIMP), 80142 Naples, Italy; (L.B.); (P.C.); (M.C.); (P.C.); (A.D.); (M.D.G.); (M.D.I.); (A.D.); (A.F.); (N.G.); (F.I.); (G.R.); (R.S.); (M.T.); (G.V.)
| | - Pasquale Canale
- Italian Federation of Maedical Paediatrics (FIMP), 80142 Naples, Italy; (L.B.); (P.C.); (M.C.); (P.C.); (A.D.); (M.D.G.); (M.D.I.); (A.D.); (A.F.); (N.G.); (F.I.); (G.R.); (R.S.); (M.T.); (G.V.)
| | - Maria Chiacchio
- Italian Federation of Maedical Paediatrics (FIMP), 80142 Naples, Italy; (L.B.); (P.C.); (M.C.); (P.C.); (A.D.); (M.D.G.); (M.D.I.); (A.D.); (A.F.); (N.G.); (F.I.); (G.R.); (R.S.); (M.T.); (G.V.)
| | - Paolo Cortese
- Italian Federation of Maedical Paediatrics (FIMP), 80142 Naples, Italy; (L.B.); (P.C.); (M.C.); (P.C.); (A.D.); (M.D.G.); (M.D.I.); (A.D.); (A.F.); (N.G.); (F.I.); (G.R.); (R.S.); (M.T.); (G.V.)
| | - Antonio D’Avino
- Italian Federation of Maedical Paediatrics (FIMP), 80142 Naples, Italy; (L.B.); (P.C.); (M.C.); (P.C.); (A.D.); (M.D.G.); (M.D.I.); (A.D.); (A.F.); (N.G.); (F.I.); (G.R.); (R.S.); (M.T.); (G.V.)
| | - Maria De Giovanni
- Italian Federation of Maedical Paediatrics (FIMP), 80142 Naples, Italy; (L.B.); (P.C.); (M.C.); (P.C.); (A.D.); (M.D.G.); (M.D.I.); (A.D.); (A.F.); (N.G.); (F.I.); (G.R.); (R.S.); (M.T.); (G.V.)
| | - Mirella Dello Iacovo
- Italian Federation of Maedical Paediatrics (FIMP), 80142 Naples, Italy; (L.B.); (P.C.); (M.C.); (P.C.); (A.D.); (M.D.G.); (M.D.I.); (A.D.); (A.F.); (N.G.); (F.I.); (G.R.); (R.S.); (M.T.); (G.V.)
| | - Antonietta D’Onofrio
- Italian Federation of Maedical Paediatrics (FIMP), 80142 Naples, Italy; (L.B.); (P.C.); (M.C.); (P.C.); (A.D.); (M.D.G.); (M.D.I.); (A.D.); (A.F.); (N.G.); (F.I.); (G.R.); (R.S.); (M.T.); (G.V.)
| | - Aniello Federico
- Italian Federation of Maedical Paediatrics (FIMP), 80142 Naples, Italy; (L.B.); (P.C.); (M.C.); (P.C.); (A.D.); (M.D.G.); (M.D.I.); (A.D.); (A.F.); (N.G.); (F.I.); (G.R.); (R.S.); (M.T.); (G.V.)
| | - Nicoletta Gasparini
- Italian Federation of Maedical Paediatrics (FIMP), 80142 Naples, Italy; (L.B.); (P.C.); (M.C.); (P.C.); (A.D.); (M.D.G.); (M.D.I.); (A.D.); (A.F.); (N.G.); (F.I.); (G.R.); (R.S.); (M.T.); (G.V.)
| | - Felicia Iaccarino
- Italian Federation of Maedical Paediatrics (FIMP), 80142 Naples, Italy; (L.B.); (P.C.); (M.C.); (P.C.); (A.D.); (M.D.G.); (M.D.I.); (A.D.); (A.F.); (N.G.); (F.I.); (G.R.); (R.S.); (M.T.); (G.V.)
| | - Giuseppe Romano
- Italian Federation of Maedical Paediatrics (FIMP), 80142 Naples, Italy; (L.B.); (P.C.); (M.C.); (P.C.); (A.D.); (M.D.G.); (M.D.I.); (A.D.); (A.F.); (N.G.); (F.I.); (G.R.); (R.S.); (M.T.); (G.V.)
| | - Raffaella Spadaro
- Italian Federation of Maedical Paediatrics (FIMP), 80142 Naples, Italy; (L.B.); (P.C.); (M.C.); (P.C.); (A.D.); (M.D.G.); (M.D.I.); (A.D.); (A.F.); (N.G.); (F.I.); (G.R.); (R.S.); (M.T.); (G.V.)
| | - Mariangela Tedesco
- Italian Federation of Maedical Paediatrics (FIMP), 80142 Naples, Italy; (L.B.); (P.C.); (M.C.); (P.C.); (A.D.); (M.D.G.); (M.D.I.); (A.D.); (A.F.); (N.G.); (F.I.); (G.R.); (R.S.); (M.T.); (G.V.)
| | - Giuseppe Vitiello
- Italian Federation of Maedical Paediatrics (FIMP), 80142 Naples, Italy; (L.B.); (P.C.); (M.C.); (P.C.); (A.D.); (M.D.G.); (M.D.I.); (A.D.); (A.F.); (N.G.); (F.I.); (G.R.); (R.S.); (M.T.); (G.V.)
| | - Angelo Antignani
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Salvatore Auricchio
- European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food-Induced Diseases, Department of Medical Translational Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Valentino
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (V.V.); (F.D.F.); (D.E.)
| | - Francesca De Filippis
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (V.V.); (F.D.F.); (D.E.)
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80100 Naples, Italy
| | - Danilo Ercolini
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (V.V.); (F.D.F.); (D.E.)
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80100 Naples, Italy
| | - Dario Bruzzese
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
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Carfora V, Morandi M, Jelić A, Catellani P. The Psychosocial Antecedents of the Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet. Public Health Nutr 2022; 25:1-44. [PMID: 35414370 PMCID: PMC9991846 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980022000878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Most previous research on the antecedents of healthy food choice has not investigated the links between these antecedents and has focused on specific food choice rather than on an overall diet. In the present study, we tested the plausibility of an integrated theoretical model aiming to explain the role of different psychosocial factors in increasing the intention to adhere to the Mediterranean Diet (MeDiet). DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS A sample of 1940 Italian adults participated in an online survey that measured their attitude and perceived behavioral control (i.e., rational antecedents), subjective norm (i.e., social antecedent), positive and negative anticipated emotions (i.e., emotional antecedents), food choice health and mood motives (i.e., motivational antecedents), past adherence to the MeDiet (i.e., behavioral antecedent), and the intention to adhere to the MeDiet. RESULTS Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) analyses confirmed the plausibility of the proposed model. Perceived behavioral control was the strongest rational antecedent of intention, followed by the emotional (i.e., anticipated emotions) and the social (i.e., subjective norm) antecedents. Mediation analysis showed that motivational antecedents had only an indirect impact on intention via emotional antecedents. Finally, multigroup SEM analysis highlighted that past adherence to the MeDiet moderated the hypothesized paths among all the study variables. CONCLUSIONS The above findings advance our comprehension of which antecedents public communication might leverage to promote an increase in the adherence to the MeDiet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Carfora
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo Agostino Gemelli, 1, Milan20123, Italy
| | - Maria Morandi
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo Agostino Gemelli, 1, Milan20123, Italy
| | - Anđela Jelić
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo Agostino Gemelli, 1, Milan20123, Italy
| | - Patrizia Catellani
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo Agostino Gemelli, 1, Milan20123, Italy
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Marruganti C, Traversi J, Gaeta C, Ferrari Cagidiaco E, Parrini S, Discepoli N, Grandini S. Adherence to mediterranean diet, physical activity level and severity of periodontitis. Results from a University-based cross-sectional study. J Periodontol 2022; 93:1218-1232. [PMID: 35119695 PMCID: PMC9544461 DOI: 10.1002/jper.21-0643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AIM to evaluate the association between adherence to Mediterranean Diet (MD) and Physical Activity (PA) level with the periodontal status of a University-based cohort of individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS 235 individuals were included in the study. MD adherence and PA level were registered through validated questionnaires, together with a full periodontal examination. Crude and adjusted Odds ratios (ORs) [95% Confidence Interval] were calculated to evaluate the association between MD adherence, PA level and periodontitis severity. A final logistic multivariate regression model was built to evaluate the impact of the combination between low MD adherence and low PA level on the prevalence of stage III/IV periodontitis. RESULTS The adjusted ORs for stage III/IV periodontitis were 1.65[0.84-3.28;p = .42] for low PA and 5.63[3.21-9.84;p = .00] for low MD adherence. The final logistic multivariate regression model resulted in OR = 10.23[4.01,26.09;p = .00] of having stage III/IV periodontitis in individuals with low MD adherence and low PA. CONCLUSIONS Individuals conducing a lifestyle characterized by the combination of low MD adherence and lack of regular exercise had 10 times the odds to have severe forms of periodontitis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal Marruganti
- Unit of Periodontology, Endodontology and Restorative dentistry, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Jacopo Traversi
- Unit of Periodontology, Endodontology and Restorative dentistry, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Carlo Gaeta
- Unit of Periodontology, Endodontology and Restorative dentistry, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Parrini
- Unit of Oral Surgery, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Nicola Discepoli
- Unit of Periodontology, Endodontology and Restorative dentistry, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Simone Grandini
- Unit of Periodontology, Endodontology and Restorative dentistry, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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Dianatinasab M, Forozani E, Akbari A, Azmi N, Bastam D, Fararouei M, Wesselius A, Zeegres MP. Dietary patterns and risk of bladder cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:73. [PMID: 35016647 PMCID: PMC8753903 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12516-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have investigated the relationship between dietary patterns and the risk of bladder cancer (BC) in different regions including Europe, the United States, and Asia, with no conclusive evidence. A meta-analysis was undertaken to integrate the most recent information on the relationship between a data-driven Western diet (WD), the Mediterranean diet (MD), and dietary-inflammatory-index (DII) and the risk of BC. METHOD We looked for published research into the relationship between dietary patterns and the incidence of BC in the PubMed/Medline, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Scopus databases up until February 2021. Using a multivariate random-effects model, we compared the highest and lowest categories of WD, MD and DII patterns and provided the relative risk (RR) or odds ratios (OR) and 95 percent confidence intervals (CIs) for the relevant relationships. RESULTS The analysis comprised 12 papers that were found to be suitable after scanning the databases. Both case-control (OR 0.73, 95% CI: 0.52, 0.94; I2 = 49.9%, n = 2) and cohort studies (RR 0.93, 95% CI: 0.88, 0.97; I2 = 63%, n = 4) found a substantial inverse association between MD and BC. In addition, although cohort studies (RR 1.53, 95% CI 1.37, 1.70; I2 = 0%, n = 2) showed a direct association between WD and BC, case-control studies (OR 1.33, 95% CI 0.81, 1.88; I2 = 68.5%, n = 2) did not. In cohort studies, we found no significant association between DII and BC (RR 1.02, 95% CI 0.93, 1.12; I2 = 38.5%, n = 2). In case-control studies, however, a strong direct association between DII and BC was discovered (RR 2.04, 95% CI 1.23, 2.85; I2 = 0%, n = 2). CONCLUSION The current meta-analysis showed that MD and WD have protective and detrimental effects on BC risk, respectively. No significant association between DII and the risk of BC was observed. More research is still needed to confirm the findings. Additional study is warranted to better understand the etiological mechanisms underlying how different dietary patterns affect BC. TRIAL REGISTRATION Protocol registration number: CRD42020155353. Database for protocol registration: The international prospective register of systematic reviews database (PROSPERO). Data of registration: August 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Dianatinasab
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Department of Complex Genetics and Epidemiology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Elaheh Forozani
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Ali Akbari
- Graduate student and Research assistant, The college of health sciences, The University of Memphis, Memphis, USA
| | - Nazanin Azmi
- Department of Epidemiology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Dariush Bastam
- Medical School, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Fararouei
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Anke Wesselius
- Department of Complex Genetics and Epidemiology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Maurice P Zeegres
- Department of Complex Genetics and Epidemiology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Silva P, Rodríguez-Pérez M, Gómez-Torres Ó, Burgos-Ramos E. Olive oil and wine as source of multi-target agents in the prevention of Alzheimer disease. Nutr Res Rev 2021;:1-43. [PMID: 34895363 DOI: 10.1017/S095442242100041X] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Olive oil and wine are consumed daily worldwide and they constitute the fundamental pillars of the healthy Mediterranean diet. Polyphenolic compounds, naturally present in both olive oil and wine, are responsible for their beneficial properties. Current studies have shown the neuroprotective effects of polyphenols independently of their well-known antioxidant action. In this work, we have focused on reviewing the protective effect of polyphenols from extra virgin olive oil and wine in Alzheimer´s disease (AD), to emphasize that both food could be a possible therapeutic tool. Beneficial effects have been described in β-aggregation, neurofibrillary tangles, autophagy and mitochondrial function, as well as in cerebral insulin resistance. Furthermore, to date a harmful dose has not been described. Both preclinical and clinical works demonstrate that polyphenols act on neuropathological and cognitive disorders of AD, preventing or stopping the onset of this devastating disease. However, there are certain limitations in these studies, since it is very difficult to research diseases that lead to cognitive impairment. Although all the findings obtained are very encouraging, more studies should be carried out to use the polyphenols from olive oil and wine as therapeutic agents in the progression of AD. Therefore, more longitudinal studies in humans with a homogeneous cohort of patients are necessary to corroborate the efficacy of these nutraceuticals, as well as analyze which is the most appropriate dose for this purpose.
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Kontele I, Grammatikopoulou MG, Vassilakou T. Level of Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Weight Status among Adolescent Female Gymnasts: A Cross-Sectional Study. Children (Basel) 2021; 8:children8121135. [PMID: 34943331 PMCID: PMC8700392 DOI: 10.3390/children8121135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adolescent female gymnasts are a vulnerable population in terms of their diet, as their nutritional needs are higher due to their growth and high daily training demands. The Mediterranean diet (MD) is a well-known dietary pattern that is associated with a greater nutritional adequacy and a lower prevalence of overweight. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the degree of adherence to the MD among adolescent female athletes who participated in all disciplines of gymnastics in Greece, as well as to explore the potential correlations between MD adherence, body weight, and body mass index (BMI). A total of 269 female gymnasts (between 11-18 years old) completed the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (KIDMED) and reported their weight and height. Approximately 10% of the participants were underweight and a mere 5.6% were classified as overweight. A high adherence to the MD was reported by 34.9% of the sample and this was correlated with a healthier BMI. Moreover, specific eating habits, such as eating nuts 2-3 times per week and eating fast-food less than once-weekly, were also associated with BMI. Athletes, parents, and coaches of gymnastics should be informed and educated regarding balanced nutrition habits. Future studies could evaluate adherence to MD, as well as the factors that influence the eating behaviors of adolescent female and male athletes in various sports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Kontele
- Department of Public Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, 196 Alexandras Avenue, GR-11521 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: (I.K.); (T.V.)
| | - Maria G. Grammatikopoulou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, Alexander Campus, GR-57001 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Tonia Vassilakou
- Department of Public Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, 196 Alexandras Avenue, GR-11521 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: (I.K.); (T.V.)
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Boaz M, Navarro DA, Raz O, Kaufman-Shriqui V. Dietary Changes and Anxiety during the Coronavirus Pandemic: Differences between the Sexes. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124193. [PMID: 34959744 PMCID: PMC8703590 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic has been associated with both increased anxiety, deterioration in diet and weight gain. These associations may differ by sex. The present report examines differences by sex in diet quality in order to determine whether associations between diet and psychological stress during the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic differed by sex. This online study is available internationally in seven languages. The Mediterranean Diet Score was used to measure diet quality, while the General Anxiety Disorder 7-point scale (GAD-7) was used to measure anxiety. Findings were compared by self-reported sex (male vs. female). A total of 3797 respondents provided informed consent and met eligibility criteria, of whom 526 women were omitted due to being pregnant or six months or less post-partum, or due to reproductive status not being reported. Thus, 3271 individuals are included in the present report, of whom 71.2% were women. The median age of women was 30 (interquartile range (IQR) = 16) years vs. 31 (IQR = 19) years, p = 0.079. The median diet quality score was 9 (IQ = 3) in both women and men (p = 0.75). Despite the overall similarity in diet score, several components of the score differed significantly by sex. Women reported consuming significantly more olive oil, daily servings of vegetables, and weekly servings of sweet baked goods. Men reported consuming significantly more sweetened/carbonated drinks, red meat, alcohol, legumes, and hummus/tahini. Women reported a GAD-7 score of 6 (IQR = 8), while men reported 3 (6), p < 0.001. An inverse association was detected between the Mediterranean diet score and the GAD-7 score in both women (rho = −0.166, p < 0.001) and men (rho = −0.154, p < 0.001), and the correlation coefficients did not differ by sex (p = 0.76). Mediterranean diet score and age both reduced the odds of elevated anxiety (GAD-7 ≥ 10), while female sex, deterioration of diet quality during the outbreak, unemployment, and completing the survey in English increased the odds of this outcome. During the COVID-19 lockdowns, overall diet quality did not differ by sex; however, some differences by sex in components of the total score were detected. Moderate to severe anxiety was positively associated with female sex and poorer diet quality even after controlling for age, employment status, and the language in which the survey was performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Boaz
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel; (D.A.N.); (O.R.); (V.K.-S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-50-212-9666
| | - Daniela Abigail Navarro
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel; (D.A.N.); (O.R.); (V.K.-S.)
| | - Olga Raz
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel; (D.A.N.); (O.R.); (V.K.-S.)
| | - Vered Kaufman-Shriqui
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel; (D.A.N.); (O.R.); (V.K.-S.)
- Centre for Urban Health Solutions (C-UHS), St. Michael’s Hospital, 209 Victoria St., Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
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Ashwin D, Gibson L, Hagemann E, D'Vaz N, Bear N, Silva D. The impact a Mediterranean Diet in the third trimester of pregnancy has on neonatal body fat percentage. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2021;:1-8. [PMID: 34658323 DOI: 10.1017/S2040174421000556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Maternal diet during pregnancy has long been recognised as an important determinant of neonatal outcomes and child development. Infant body composition is a potentially modifiable risk factor for predicting future health and metabolic disease. Utilising the Mediterranean Diet Score, this study focused on how different levels of Mediterranean Diet adherence (MDA) in pregnancy influence body fat percentage of the infant. Information on 458 pregnant women in their third trimester of pregnancy and their infants was obtained from The ORIGINS Project. The data included MDA score, body composition measurements using infant air displacement plethysmography (PEA POD), pregnancy, and birth information. Infants born to mothers with high MDA had a body fat percentage of 11.3%, whereas infants born to mothers with low MDA had a higher body fat percentage of 13.3% (p = 0.010). When adjusted for pre-pregnancy body mass index and infant sex, a significant result remained between high vs. low MDA and infant fat mass (FM) (2.5% less FM p = 0.016). This study suggests that high MDA in pregnancy was associated with a reduced body fat percentage in the newborn. Future studies are needed to understand whether small but significant changes in FM persist throughout childhood.
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Negrati M, Razza C, Biasini C, Di Nunzio C, Vancini A, Dall’Asta M, Lovotti G, Trevisi E, Rossi F, Cavanna L. Mediterranean Diet Affects Blood Circulating Lipid-Soluble Micronutrients and Inflammatory Biomarkers in a Cohort of Breast Cancer Survivors: Results from the SETA Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103482. [PMID: 34684483 PMCID: PMC8539583 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a major public health concern and substantial research has shown that adhering to a healthy dietary pattern, such as the Mediterranean Diet (MD), may prevent the onset of cancer and BC relapses. This study aims at specifically investigating the association of MD with circulating dietary-related biomarkers in a cohort of BC survivors. Eighty patients (mean age of 54.9 ± 10.6) with a histologically confirmed diagnosis of BC who had not received any pharmacological or radiotherapy treatment for at least two months were enrolled. Fasting serum lipid-soluble vitamins (retinol, tocopherol), plant pigments (β-carotene, lutein + zeaxanthin, cryptoxanthin, lycopene), inflammatory and oxidative stress markers (ceruloplasmin; haptoglobin; paraoxonases; reactive oxygen molecule; thiol groups, Ferric reducing antioxidant power), and cardiometabolic parameters (body mass index (BMI); glucose; insulin; HOMA-IR; total cholesterol; LDL-cholesterol; HDL-cholesterol; triglycerides) were analyzed. Adherence to the MD was assessed through the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) questionnaire. Fasting blood samples were collected for the evaluation of selected biomarkers. MDS resulted positively correlated with β-carotene (r 0.331; p < 0.01) and lycopene (r 0.274; p < 0.05) and negatively with retinol (r −0.346; p < 0.05). Among the investigated inflammatory biomarkers, MDS was only correlated with antioxidant capacity (r 0.256; p < 0.05), while none of the investigated cardiometabolic parameters were significantly correlated with this index. The strong significant correlation between β-carotene and MDS encourages us to consider this pro-vitamin as a putative biomarker to take into account for evaluating the adherence to the MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Negrati
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Medicine Department, “G. da Saliceto” Hospital, Via Taverna 49, 29121 Piacenza, Italy; (M.N.); (C.R.); (A.V.)
| | - Claudia Razza
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Medicine Department, “G. da Saliceto” Hospital, Via Taverna 49, 29121 Piacenza, Italy; (M.N.); (C.R.); (A.V.)
| | - Claudia Biasini
- Oncology Unit, Onco-Hematology Department, “G. da Saliceto” Hospital, Via Taverna 49, 29121 Piacenza, Italy; (C.B.); (C.D.N.)
| | - Camilla Di Nunzio
- Oncology Unit, Onco-Hematology Department, “G. da Saliceto” Hospital, Via Taverna 49, 29121 Piacenza, Italy; (C.B.); (C.D.N.)
| | - Alessandra Vancini
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Medicine Department, “G. da Saliceto” Hospital, Via Taverna 49, 29121 Piacenza, Italy; (M.N.); (C.R.); (A.V.)
| | - Margherita Dall’Asta
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (M.D.); (G.L.); (E.T.); (L.C.)
| | - Giorgia Lovotti
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (M.D.); (G.L.); (E.T.); (L.C.)
| | - Erminio Trevisi
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (M.D.); (G.L.); (E.T.); (L.C.)
| | - Filippo Rossi
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (M.D.); (G.L.); (E.T.); (L.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0523-599286
| | - Luigi Cavanna
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (M.D.); (G.L.); (E.T.); (L.C.)
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Biasini B, Rosi A, Menozzi D, Scazzina F. Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Association with Self-Perception of Diet Sustainability, Anthropometric and Sociodemographic Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study in Italian Adults. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093282. [PMID: 34579159 PMCID: PMC8468784 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The adoption of sustainable dietary models, such as the Mediterranean Diet (MD), can be a valuable strategy to preserve ecosystems and human health. This study aims to investigate in an Italian adult representative sample the adherence to the MD and to what extent it is associated with the self-perceived adoption of a sustainable diet, the consideration of the MD as a sustainable dietary model, and anthropometric and sociodemographic factors. By applying an online survey (n = 838, 18-65 years, 52% female), an intermediate level of MD adherence (median: 4.0, IR: 3.0-4.0) in a 0-9 range was observed. Only 50% of the total sample confirmed the MD as a sustainable dietary model, and 84% declared no or low perception of adopting a sustainable diet. Being female, having a higher income and education level, considering the MD as a sustainable dietary model, as well as the perception of having a sustainable diet were the most relevant factors influencing the probability of having a high score (≥6) of adherence to the MD. This study suggests a gradual shift away from the MD in Italy and supports the need to address efforts for developing intervention strategies tailored to adults for improving diet quality. Furthermore, a public campaign should stress the link between a diet and its environmental impact to foster nutritionally adequate and eco-friendly dietary behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Biasini
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39, 43125 Parma, Italy; (B.B.); (A.R.)
| | - Alice Rosi
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39, 43125 Parma, Italy; (B.B.); (A.R.)
| | - Davide Menozzi
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Via Kennedy 6, 43125 Parma, Italy;
| | - Francesca Scazzina
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39, 43125 Parma, Italy; (B.B.); (A.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0521-906203
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Augimeri G, Bonofiglio D. The Mediterranean Diet as a Source of Natural Compounds: Does It Represent a Protective Choice against Cancer? Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14090920. [PMID: 34577620 PMCID: PMC8467442 DOI: 10.3390/ph14090920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet (MD), characterized by a high intake of fruits, vegetables, legumes, nuts and grains, a moderate intake of red wine and a reduced consumption of meat, has been considered one of the healthiest dietary patterns worldwide. Growing evidence suggests an inverse relationship between high adherence to the MD and cancer, as well as other chronic degenerative diseases. The beneficial effects elicited by the MD pattern on cancer are due to the high contents of bioactive compounds contained in many foods of MD, which protect cells by oxidative and inflammatory processes and inhibit carcinogenesis by targeting the various hallmarks of cancer with different mechanisms of action. Although over the past decades numerous dietary and phytochemical compounds from Mediterranean food that have anticancer potential have been identified, a clear association between the MD eating pattern and cancer needs to be established. While we wait for answers to this question from well-conducted research, the empowering of the MD as a protective choice against cancer should represent the priority for public health policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Augimeri
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy;
| | - Daniela Bonofiglio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy;
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0984-496208
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Lewis JD, Sandler R, Brotherton C, Brensinger C, Li H, Kappelman MD, Daniel SG, Bittinger K, Albenberg L, Valentine JF, Hanson J, Suskind D, Meyer A, Compher CW, Bewtra M, Saxena A, Dobes A, Cohen B, Flynn AD, Fischer M, Saha S, Swaminath A, Yacyshyn B, Scherl E, Horst S, Curtis JR, Braly K, Nessel L, McCauley M, McKeever L, Herfarth H. A Randomized Trial Comparing the Specific Carbohydrate Diet to a Mediterranean Diet in Adults With Crohn's Disease. Gastroenterology 2021; 161:837-852.e9. [PMID: 34052278 PMCID: PMC8396394 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS This study compared the effectiveness of the Specific Carbohydrate Diet (SCD) to the Mediterranean diet (MD) as treatment for Crohn's disease (CD) with mild to moderate symptoms. METHODS Adult patients with CD and with mild-to-moderate symptoms were randomly assigned 1:1 to consume the MD or SCD for 12 weeks. For the first 6 weeks, participants received prepared meals and snacks according to their assigned diet. After 6 weeks, participants were instructed to follow the diet independently. The primary outcome was symptomatic remission at week 6. Key secondary outcomes at week 6 included fecal calprotectin (FC) response (FC <250 μg/g and reduction by >50% among those with baseline FC >250 μg/g) and C-reactive protein (CRP) response (high-sensitivity CRP <5 mg/L and >50% reduction from baseline among those with high-sensitivity CRP >5 mg/L). RESULTS The study randomized 194 patients, and 191 were included in the efficacy analyses. The percentage of participants who achieved symptomatic remission at week 6 was not superior with the SCD (SCD, 46.5%; MD, 43.5%; P = .77). FC response was achieved in 8 of 23 participants (34.8%) with the SCD and in 4 of 13 participants (30.8%) with the MD (P = .83). CRP response was achieved in 2 of 37 participants (5.4%) with the SCD and in 1 of 28 participants (3.6%) with the MD (P = .68). CONCLUSIONS The SCD was not superior to the MD to achieve symptomatic remission, FC response, and CRP response. CRP response was uncommon. Given these results, the greater ease of following the MD and other health benefits associated with the MD, the MD may be preferred to the SCD for most patients with CD with mild to moderate symptoms. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03058679.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D. Lewis
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania,Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania,Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania,Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation Clinical Research Alliance
| | - Robert Sandler
- Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation Clinical Research Alliance,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina
| | | | - Colleen Brensinger
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Hongzhe Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania,Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania
| | | | - Scott G. Daniel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia
| | - Kyle Bittinger
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia
| | - Lindsey Albenberg
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia
| | - John F. Valentine
- Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation Clinical Research Alliance,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Utah Health
| | - John Hanson
- Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation Clinical Research Alliance,Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC, United States
| | - David Suskind
- Seattle Children’s Hospital,University of Washington
| | | | - Charlene W. Compher
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Science, University of Pennsylvania, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Meenakshi Bewtra
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania,Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania,Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania,Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation Clinical Research Alliance
| | - Akriti Saxena
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania,Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation Clinical Research Alliance
| | | | - Benjamin Cohen
- Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation Clinical Research Alliance,Mount Sinai School of Medicine,Cleveland Clinic
| | - Ann D. Flynn
- Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation Clinical Research Alliance,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Utah Health
| | - Monika Fischer
- Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation Clinical Research Alliance,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Sumona Saha
- Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation Clinical Research Alliance,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health
| | - Arun Swaminath
- Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation Clinical Research Alliance,Lenox Hill Hospital
| | - Bruce Yacyshyn
- Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation Clinical Research Alliance,University of Cincinnati
| | - Ellen Scherl
- Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation Clinical Research Alliance,Cornell University
| | - Sara Horst
- Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation Clinical Research Alliance,Vanderbilt University
| | | | - Kimberly Braly
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Lisa Nessel
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Maureen McCauley
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Liam McKeever
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Hans Herfarth
- Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation Clinical Research Alliance,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina
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