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Santacroce L, Bottalico L, Charitos IA, Haxhirexha K, Topi S, Jirillo E. Healthy Diets and Lifestyles in the World: Mediterranean and Blue Zone People Live Longer. Special Focus on Gut Microbiota and Some Food Components. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2024; 24:EMIDDT-EPUB-139497. [PMID: 38566378 DOI: 10.2174/0118715303271634240319054728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Longevity has been associated with healthy lifestyles, including some dietary regimens, such as the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and the Blue Zone (BZ) diets. MedDiet relies on a large consumption of fruit, vegetables, cereals, and extra-virgin olive oil, with less red meat and fat intake. Four major BZ have been recognized in the world, namely, Ogliastra in Sardinia (Italy), Ikaria (Greece), the Peninsula of Nicoya (Costa Rica), and Okinawa (Japan). Extreme longevity in these areas has been associated with correct lifestyles and dietary regimens. Fibers, polyphenols, beta-glucans, and unsaturated fatty acids represent the major constituents of both MedDiet and BZ diets, given their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Particularly, inhibition of the NF-kB pathway, with a reduced release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and induction of T regulatory cells, with the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin- 10, are the main mechanisms that prevent or attenuate the "inflammaging." Notably, consistent physical activity, intense social interactions, and an optimistic attitude contribute to longevity in BZD areas. Commonalities and differences between MedDIet and BZ diets will be outlined, with special reference to microbiota and food components, which may contribute to longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Santacroce
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Microbiology and Virology Unit, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Bottalico
- Department of Clinical Disciplines, School of Technical Medical Sciences, 'Alexander Xhuvani' University of Elbasan, 3001-3006 Elbasan, Albania
| | | | - Kastriot Haxhirexha
- General Surgery, Medical Faculty, Clinical Hospital of Tetovo, University of Tetovo, 1230 Tetovo, North Macedonia
| | - Skender Topi
- Department of Clinical Disciplines, School of Technical Medical Sciences, 'Alexander Xhuvani' University of Elbasan, 3001-3006 Elbasan, Albania
| | - Emilio Jirillo
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Microbiology and Virology Unit, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', 70124 Bari, Italy
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Santacroce L, Passarelli PC, Azzolino D, Bottalico L, Charitos IA, Cazzolla AP, Colella M, Topi S, Godoy FG, D’Addona A. Oral microbiota in human health and disease: A perspective. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2023; 248:1288-1301. [PMID: 37688509 PMCID: PMC10625343 DOI: 10.1177/15353702231187645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolution of medical knowledge about oral microbiota has increased awareness of its important role for the entire human body health. A wide range of microbial species colonizing the oral cavity interact both with each other and with their host through complex pathways. Usually, these interactions lead to a harmonious coexistence (i.e. eubiosis). However, several factors - including diet, poor oral hygiene, tobacco smoking, and certain medications, among others - can disrupt this weak homeostatic balance (i.e. dysbiosis) with potential implications on both oral (i.e. development of caries and periodontal disease) and systemic health. This article is thus aimed at providing an overview on the importance of oral microbiota in mediating several physiological and pathological conditions affecting human health. In this context, strategies based on oral hygiene and diet as well as the role of probiotics supplementation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Santacroce
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, University Hospital of Bari, Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Pier Carmine Passarelli
- Department of Head, Neck and Sense Organs, Division of Oral Surgery and Implantology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Domenico Azzolino
- Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Bottalico
- Department of Clinical Disciplines, School of Technical Medical Sciences, University of Elbasan “A. Xhuvani,” Elbasan 3001, Albania
| | - Ioannis Alexandros Charitos
- Department of Clinical Disciplines, School of Technical Medical Sciences, University of Elbasan “A. Xhuvani,” Elbasan 3001, Albania
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Institute of Bari, Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Angela Pia Cazzolla
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Riuniti University Hospital of Foggia, Foggia 71122, Italy
| | - Marica Colella
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, University Hospital of Bari, Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Skender Topi
- Department of Clinical Disciplines, School of Technical Medical Sciences, University of Elbasan “A. Xhuvani,” Elbasan 3001, Albania
| | - Franklin Garcia Godoy
- Bioscience Research Center, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Surgery, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Antonio D’Addona
- Department of Head, Neck and Sense Organs, Division of Oral Surgery and Implantology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome 00168, Italy
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Santacroce L, Palmirotta R, Bottalico L, Charitos IA, Colella M, Topi S, Jirillo E. Crosstalk between the Resident Microbiota and the Immune Cells Regulates Female Genital Tract Health. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1531. [PMID: 37511906 PMCID: PMC10381428 DOI: 10.3390/life13071531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The female genital tract (FGT) performs several functions related to reproduction, but due to its direct exposure to the external environment, it may suffer microbial infections. Both the upper (uterus and cervix) and lower (vagina) FGT are covered by an epithelium, and contain immune cells (macrophages, dendritic cells, T and B lymphocytes) that afford a robust protection to the host. Its upper and the lower part differ in terms of Lactobacillus spp., which are dominant in the vagina. An alteration of the physiological equilibrium between the local microbiota and immune cells leads to a condition of dysbiosis which, in turn, may account for the outcome of FGT infection. Aerobic vaginitis, bacterial vaginosis, and Chlamydia trachomatis are the most frequent infections, and can lead to severe complications in reproduction and pregnancy. The use of natural products, such as probiotics, polyphenols, and lactoferrin in the course of FGT infections is an issue of current investigation. In spite of positive results, more research is needed to define the most appropriate administration, according to the type of patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Santacroce
- Microbiology and Virology Section, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Raffaele Palmirotta
- Microbiology and Virology Section, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Bottalico
- Department of Clinical Disciplines, School of Technical Medical Sciences, "Alexander Xhuvani" University of Elbasan, 3001 Elbasan, Albania
| | | | - Marica Colella
- Microbiology and Virology Section, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Skender Topi
- Department of Clinical Disciplines, School of Technical Medical Sciences, "Alexander Xhuvani" University of Elbasan, 3001 Elbasan, Albania
| | - Emilio Jirillo
- Microbiology and Virology Section, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
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Montagnani M, Bottalico L, Potenza MA, Charitos IA, Topi S, Colella M, Santacroce L. The Crosstalk between Gut Microbiota and Nervous System: A Bidirectional Interaction between Microorganisms and Metabolome. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10322. [PMID: 37373470 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have shown that the gut microbiota influences behavior and, in turn, changes in the immune system associated with symptoms of depression or anxiety disorder may be mirrored by corresponding changes in the gut microbiota. Although the composition/function of the intestinal microbiota appears to affect the central nervous system (CNS) activities through multiple mechanisms, accurate epidemiological evidence that clearly explains the connection between the CNS pathology and the intestinal dysbiosis is not yet available. The enteric nervous system (ENS) is a separate branch of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and the largest part of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). It is composed of a vast and complex network of neurons which communicate via several neuromodulators and neurotransmitters, like those found in the CNS. Interestingly, despite its tight connections to both the PNS and ANS, the ENS is also capable of some independent activities. This concept, together with the suggested role played by intestinal microorganisms and the metabolome in the onset and progression of CNS neurological (neurodegenerative, autoimmune) and psychopathological (depression, anxiety disorders, autism) diseases, explains the large number of investigations exploring the functional role and the physiopathological implications of the gut microbiota/brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Montagnani
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area-Section of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Policlinico University Hospital of Bari, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Bottalico
- School of Technical Medical Sciences, "Alexander Xhuvani" University of Elbasan, 3001-3006 Elbasan, Albania
| | - Maria Assunta Potenza
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area-Section of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Policlinico University Hospital of Bari, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Ioannis Alexandros Charitos
- Pneumology and Respiratory Rehabilitation Division, Maugeri Clinical Scientific Research Institutes (IRCCS), 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Skender Topi
- School of Technical Medical Sciences, "Alexander Xhuvani" University of Elbasan, 3001-3006 Elbasan, Albania
| | - Marica Colella
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Microbiology and Virology Unit, School of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Luigi Santacroce
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Microbiology and Virology Unit, School of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
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Charitos IA, Ballini A, Cantore S, Lo Muzio E, Spirito F, Santacroce L, Bottalico L. The ancient roots of dentistry in the Mediterranean civilizations: between Etruscan and Greek traditions up to the time of imperial Rome. Minerva Dent Oral Sci 2023:S2724-6329.23.04758-7. [PMID: 37162329 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-6329.23.04758-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Etruscans, people living in Etruria (Umbria and Tuscany, Italy), were the first to make dentures and false teeth, from 700 BCE onwards. The aim of this study was to investigate, through archaeological and anthropological records, the Etruscans ability in dental practice to understand better Greek's influence on their medical knowledge and, subsequently, the transmission of their medical expertise to Romans. We extensively searched literature to find out references in previous studies on Etruscan medical and dental practice by using keywords such as "Etruscan medicine" and "Etruscan dentistry." We selected various historical papers, from the ancient age texts of 5th century to 2020, which best focused on the review's purpose. Etruscan civilization was influenced by Greek's culture throughout Italian colonies and later "merge" into Greek-Roman culture. Their medical practice based on a mixture of mythology, religion, and technical abilities, especially regarding metalworking. Archaeological remains show a great competence in creating dental prosthesis and in treatment of oral diseases. The results of this paper provide an evident contribution to the knowledge of Etruscan culture, still largely unknown by an anthropological point of view, and their strong relationship with the Greeks colonies, in a profitable cultural exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis A Charitos
- Interdepartmental Research Center for Pre-Latin, Latin and Oriental Rights and Culture Studies (CEDICLO), University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Andrea Ballini
- Department of Precision Medicine, Luigi Vanvitelli University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Cantore
- Regional Dental Community Service "Sorriso & Benessere - Ricerca e Clinica", Bari, Italy -
| | - Eleonora Lo Muzio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Francesca Spirito
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Luigi Santacroce
- Unit of Microbiology and Virology, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Bottalico
- Interdepartmental Research Center for Pre-Latin, Latin and Oriental Rights and Culture Studies (CEDICLO), University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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Ballini A, Charitos IA, Cantore S, Topi S, Bottalico L, Santacroce L. About Functional Foods: The Probiotics and Prebiotics State of Art. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12040635. [PMID: 37106999 PMCID: PMC10135203 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12040635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Poor diet, obesity and a sedentary lifestyle have a significant impact on natural microbiota disorders; specifically, the intestinal one. This in turn can lead to a multitude of organ dysfunctions. The gut microbiota contains more than 500 species of bacteria and constitutes 95% of the total number of cells in the human body, thus contributing significantly to the host's resistance to infectious diseases. Nowadays, consumers have turned to purchased foods, especially those containing probiotic bacteria or prebiotics, that constitute some of the functional food market, which is constantly expanding. Indeed, there are many products available that incorporate probiotics, such as yogurt, cheese, juices, jams, cookies, salami sausages, mayonnaise, nutritional supplements, etc. The probiotics are microorganisms that, when taken in sufficient amounts, contribute positively to the health of the host and are the focus of interest for both scientific studies and commercial companies. Thus, in the last decade, the introduction of DNA sequencing technologies with subsequent bioinformatics processing contributes to the in-depth characterization of the vast biodiversity of the gut microbiota, their composition, their connection with the physiological function-known as homeostasis-of the human organism, and their involvement in several diseases. Therefore, in this study, we highlighted the extensive investigation of current scientific research for the association of those types of functional foods containing probiotics and prebiotics in the diet and the composition of the intestinal microbiota. As a result, this study can form the foundation for a new research path based on reliable data from the literature, acting a guide in the continuous effort to monitor the rapid developments in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ballini
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Ioannis Alexandros Charitos
- National Poisoning Center, Emergency/Urgent Department, Riuniti University Hospital of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Stefania Cantore
- Independent Researcher, Regional Dental Community Service "Sorriso & Benessere-Ricerca e Clinica", 70129 Bari, Italy
| | - Skender Topi
- Department of Clinical Disciplines, University of Elbasan, 3001 Elbasan, Albania
| | - Lucrezia Bottalico
- Department of Clinical Disciplines, University of Elbasan, 3001 Elbasan, Albania
| | - Luigi Santacroce
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
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Contuzzi N, Casalino G, Boccaccio A, Ballini A, Charitos IA, Bottalico L, Santacroce L. Metals Biotribology and Oral Microbiota Biocorrosion Mechanisms. J Funct Biomater 2022; 14:14. [PMID: 36662061 PMCID: PMC9863779 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last decades, metal-based biomaterials have been extensively explored to be used as biocompatible metals for biomedical applications, owing to their superior mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. Consequently, for long-term implanted medical devices, to assure the biomaterials' reliability, functionality, and biocompatibility, studying the various bio-tribological damage mechanisms to obtain the optimum properties is one of the most important goals. In this review, we consider the most important metal-based biomaterials such as stainless steel, alloys of titanium (Ti), cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr), and Nichel-Titatium (Ni-Ti), as well Magnesium (Mg) alloys and with Tantalum (Ta), emphasizing their characteristics, clinical applications, and deterioration over time. The influence of metal elements on biological safety, including significant effects of metal-based biomaterials in dentistry were discussed, considering the perspectives of surface, mechanical properties, corrosion behaviors, including interactions, bio-mechanisms with tissues, and oral environments. In addition, the role of the oral microbiota was explored due to its role in this erosion condition, in order to further understand the mechanism of metal-based biomaterials implanted on the microflora balance of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in an oral environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Contuzzi
- Department of Mechanics, Mathematics and Management, Polytechnic University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Casalino
- Department of Mechanics, Mathematics and Management, Polytechnic University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Boccaccio
- Department of Mechanics, Mathematics and Management, Polytechnic University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Andrea Ballini
- Department of Mechanics, Mathematics and Management, Polytechnic University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Ioannis Alexandros Charitos
- Emergency/Urgent Department, National Poisoning Center, Riuniti University Hospital of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Bottalico
- Interdepartmental Research Center for Pre-Latin, Latin and Oriental Rights and Culture Studies (CEDICLO), University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Luigi Santacroce
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Microbiology and Virology Unit, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70126 Bari, Italy
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Arrigoni R, Ballini A, Topi S, Bottalico L, Jirillo E, Santacroce L. Antibiotic Resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Potential Use of Natural and Biological Products as Alternative Anti-Mycobacterial Agents. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11101431. [PMID: 36290089 PMCID: PMC9598247 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11101431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). TB treatment is based on the administration of three major antibiotics: isoniazid, rifampicin, and pyrazinamide. However, multi-drug resistant (MDR) Mtb strains are increasing around the world, thus, allowing TB to spread around the world. The stringent response is demonstrated by Mtb strains in order to survive under hostile circumstances, even including exposure to antibiotics. The stringent response is mediated by alarmones, which regulate bacterial replication, transcription and translation. Moreover, the Mtb cell wall contributes to the mechanism of antibiotic resistance along with efflux pump activation and biofilm formation. Immunity over the course of TB is managed by M1-macrophages and M2-macrophages, which regulate the immune response against Mtb infection, with the former exerting inflammatory reactions and the latter promoting an anti-inflammatory profile. T helper 1 cells via secretion of interferon (IFN)-gamma, play a protective role in the course of TB, while T regulatory cells secreting interleukin 10, are anti-inflammatory. Alternative therapeutic options against TB require further discussion. In view of the increasing number of MDR Mtb strains, attempts to replace antibiotics with natural and biological products have been object of intensive investigation. Therefore, in this review the anti-Mtb effects exerted by probiotics, polyphenols, antimicrobial peptides and IFN-gamma will be discussed. All the above cited compounds are endowed either with direct antibacterial activity or with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Arrigoni
- CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), 70124 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Andrea Ballini
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Skender Topi
- Department of Clinical Disciplines, School of Technical Medical Sciences, “A. Xhuvani”, 3001 Elbasan, Albania
| | - Lucrezia Bottalico
- Department of Clinical Disciplines, School of Technical Medical Sciences, “A. Xhuvani”, 3001 Elbasan, Albania
| | - Emilio Jirillo
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Luigi Santacroce
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
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Santacroce L, Spirito F, Bottalico L, Muzio EL, Charitos IA, Potenza MA, Montagnani M, Jirillo E. Current issues and perspectives in antimicrobials use in dental practice. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:2879-2889. [PMID: 36125834 DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220920114723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The complexity of the use of antimicrobials for dental use (such as antibiotics) is directly related not only to the mode of onset of an oral infection (linked to numerous factors of local causality and comorbidity) but also to the predisposing risk for the general health of the patient with putative serious consequences related to the neck district. Antibiotic Use: The abuse and misuse of antibiotics may lead to resistance to certain bacterial strains. In this regard, the evaluation of the risk/benefit of their use (especially in pregnant women) can be divided into two phases: risk analysis and subsequently risk management for the benefit of the patient for the oral pathology to be prevented or treated, respectively. SPECIFIC AIMS This study seeks to focus on the issues and management of patients with certain antimicrobials during dental practice, placing special emphasis on new classes of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Santacroce
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Microbiology and Virology Unit, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesca Spirito
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Bottalico
- Department of Clinical Disciplines, School of Technical Medical Sciences, "A. Xhuvani" University, 3001 Elbasan, Albania.,CEDICLO - Interdepartmental Research Center for Pre-Latin, Latin and Oriental Rights and Culture Studies, University of Bari, 70123 Bari, Italy
| | - Eleonora Lo Muzio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi di Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Ioannis Alexandros Charitos
- Department of Clinical Disciplines, School of Technical Medical Sciences, "A. Xhuvani" University, 3001 Elbasan, Albania.,Emergency/Urgent Department, National Poisoning Center, Riuniti University Hospital of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Maria Assunta Potenza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Monica Montagnani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Emilio Jirillo
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Microbiology and Virology Unit, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
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Santacroce L, Muzio EL, Bottalico L, Spirito F, Charitos IA, Passarelli PC, Jirillo E. Subversion of the Oral Microbiota and Induction of Immune-Mediated Systemic Inflammation with Special Reference to Periodontitis. Current Knowledge and Perspectives. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2022; 23:470-484. [PMID: 35770408 DOI: 10.2174/1871530322666220629101357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Under steady state circumstances, the oral microbiota is in equilibrium with host tissues, thus contributing to local and systemic health. Any interruption of such equilibrium leads to a condition of dysbiosis with proliferation of oral pathogens able to cause gingivitis and periodontal disease. Dysbiosis-related disease: The mechanisms of periodontitis will be described, mostly emphasizing the noxious effects exerted by oral pathogens on the periodontium either directly or indirectly via release of an array of mediators, even including pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and enzymes. The persistence of local inflammation ultimately leads to a systemic inflammation and, therefore, the link between periodontitis and obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease will be elucidated. Treatment with natural products: Some natural compounds, such as polyphenols, prebiotics and probiotics will be discussed for their ability to exert anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities in the context of the inflamed buccal cavity and systemically, as well as for their modulation of the altered gum-gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Santacroce
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Microbiology and Virology Unit, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Eleonora Lo Muzio
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Bottalico
- Department of Clinical Disciplines, School of Technical Medical Sciences, "A. Xhuvani" University, 3001 Elbasan, Albania
| | - Francesca Spirito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi di Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Ioannis Alexandros Charitos
- Department of Clinical Disciplines, School of Technical Medical Sciences, "A. Xhuvani" University, 3001 Elbasan, Albania
| | - Pier Carmine Passarelli
- Department of Head and Neck, Division of Oral Surgery and Implantology, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Emilio Jirillo
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The human defense against microorganisms dates back to the ancient civilizations, with attempts to use substances from vegetal, animal, or inorganic origin to fight infections. Today, the emerging threat of multidrug-resistant bacteria highlights the consequences of antibiotics inappropriate use, and the urgent need for novel effective molecules. METHODS AND MATERIALS We extensively researched on more recent data within PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, Elsevier's EMBASE, Cochrane Review for the modern pharmacology in between 1987 - 2021. The historical evolution included a detailed analysis of past studies on the significance of medical applications in the ancient therapeutic field. AREAS COVERED We examined the history of antibiotics development and discovery, the most relevant biochemical aspects of their mode of action, and the biomolecular mechanisms conferring bacterial resistance to antibiotics. EXPERT OPINION The list of pathogens showing low sensitivity or full resistance to most currently available antibiotics is growing worldwide. Long after the 'golden age' of antibiotic discovery, the most novel molecules should be carefully reserved to treat serious bacterial infections of susceptible bacteria. A correct diagnostic and therapeutic procedure can slow down the spreading of nosocomial and community infections sustained by multidrug-resistant bacterial strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucrezia Bottalico
- Interdepartmental Research Center for Pre-Latin, Latin and Oriental Rights and Culture Studies (Cediclo), University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Ioannis Alexandros Charitos
- Interdepartmental Research Center for Pre-Latin, Latin and Oriental Rights and Culture Studies (Cediclo), University of Bari, Bari, Italy.,Emergency/Urgent Department, National Poisoning Center, Riuniti University Hospital of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Maria Assunta Potenza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology - Section of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Policlinico University Hospital of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Monica Montagnani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology - Section of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Policlinico University Hospital of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Luigi Santacroce
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Microbiology and Virology Unit, School of Medicine,University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
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Santacroce L, Del Prete R, Charitos IA, Bottalico L. Mycobacterium leprae: A historical study on the origins of leprosy and its social stigma. Infez Med 2021; 29:623-632. [PMID: 35146374 PMCID: PMC8805473 DOI: 10.53854/liim-2904-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This article aims to investigate about the social stigma and the prejudice of society towards the patients with leprosy, but also to understand how this infectious disease has largely influenced human lifestyle and evolution analyzing the evolution of its treatments from past empirical treatments to actual multidrug therapy (MDT). References on leprosy were extensively searched in literature using PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, Springer link and Elsevier's (EMBASE.com) databases, but also in medical, religious and archaeological books. Leprosy's spread all around the world following human paths of migration from the African Continent to the Asian one and to Europe, instead its appearance in the New Continent is more recent. Wars, unhygienic conditions, social and health inequality created conditions for its spread since prehistorical times, and existing health disparities contributed to unequal morbidity and mortality, before its gradual decline after the Middle Ages due to the raise of other worse pandemics. Starting from Renaissance, a deeper knowledge on its pathophysiological mechanisms brought an increasingly advanced combined surgical and pharmacological treatment, but still in modern times many efforts have been made to erase its social stigma, changing its name in "Hansen's disease" included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Santacroce
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Section of Microbiology, Policlinico University Hospital of Bari, Italy
- CEDICLO - Interdepartmental Research Center for Pre-Latin, Latin and Oriental Rights and Culture Studies, University of Bari, Italy
| | - Raffaele Del Prete
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Section of Microbiology, Policlinico University Hospital of Bari, Italy
| | - Ioannis Alexandros Charitos
- CEDICLO - Interdepartmental Research Center for Pre-Latin, Latin and Oriental Rights and Culture Studies, University of Bari, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Bottalico
- CEDICLO - Interdepartmental Research Center for Pre-Latin, Latin and Oriental Rights and Culture Studies, University of Bari, Italy
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Brauner E, DI Cosola M, Ambrosino M, Cazzolla AP, Dioguardi M, Nocini R, Topi S, Mancini A, Maggiore ME, Scacco S, Bottalico L, Malcangi A, Cantore S. Efficacy of bio-activated anti-calculus toothpaste on oral health: a single-blind, parallel-group clinical study. Minerva Dent Oral Sci 2021; 71:31-38. [PMID: 34672484 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-6329.21.04606-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current epidemiologic studies have confirmed the widespread presence of calculus in teenagers and adults of all ages. Among the multiple anti-calculus strategies that have been proposed over the years inhibition of crystal growth has been the most attractive. Current formulations in anti-calculus toothpastes and mothwash, utilise either hydroxyapatite or various pyrophosphate combinations. This study aimed to analyze the efficacy of an anti-calculus tooth paste in combination or not with a mouth rinse. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients (totally 40) used a pyrophosphate-based toothpaste containing Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate, Pentasodium Triphosphate, Xylitol, Hydroxyapatite, Citric Acid, And Calcium Carbonate (Group A) in combination, with a mouth rinse containing an association of Pentasodium Triphosphate, Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate and Citric Acid (Group B). A range of parameters were measured for: saliva pH, Volpe Manhold Calculus Index (VMI), Gingival Index (GI), and Plaque Index (PI). RESULTS The test mouth rinse Group B showd reductions in VMI, GI, PI, and increases in pH levels, after using the combination of toothpaste and mouth rinse. No changes to the mucosa or teeth were observed in both Groups. Patients perceived that the comitation of products was more effective. CONCLUSIONS The results from the three-month calculus examination indicated that both the tested products, modified positively clincal parameters and salivary pH. Moreover, the use of the tested products was not associated with any adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Brauner
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | - Michele DI Cosola
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi di Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Ambrosino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi di Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Angela P Cazzolla
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi di Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Mario Dioguardi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi di Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Riccardo Nocini
- Section of Ear Nose and Throat (ENT), Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatric, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Skender Topi
- School of Technical Medical Sciences, A. Xhuvani University, Elbasan, Albania
| | - Antonio Mancini
- Department Interdisciplinary of Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria E Maggiore
- Department Interdisciplinary of Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Salvatore Scacco
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Bottalico
- Interdepartmental Research Center for Pre-Latin, Latin and Oriental Rights and Culture Studies (CEDICLO), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Stefania Cantore
- Department Interdisciplinary of Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy -
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Isacco CG, Ballini A, De Vito D, Nguyen KCD, Cantore S, Bottalico L, Quagliuolo L, Boccellino M, Di Domenico M, Santacroce L, Arrigoni R, Dipalma G, Inchingolo F. Rebalancing the Oral Microbiota as an Efficient Tool in Endocrine, Metabolic and Immune Disorders. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2021; 21:777-784. [PMID: 32727337 DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666200729142504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The current treatment and prevention procedures of oral disorders follow a very targeted approach considering mouth and its structures as a system that is completely independent, than the rest of the body. The main therapeutic approach is to keep the levels of oral bacteria and hygiene in an acceptable range compatible with oral-mouth health, completely separated from systemic microbial homeostasis (eubiosis vs dysbiosis). This can negatively impact the diagnosis of a more complex systemic disease and its progression. Dysbiosis occurs as a consequence of imbalance in oral and gut microbiota which leads to cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, and Alzheimer's disease, as reported in current literature. Likewise, there is a need to highlight and develop a novel philosophical approach in the treatments for oral diseases that will necessarily involve nonconventional approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciro Gargiulo Isacco
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Andrea Ballini
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80100 Naples, Italy
| | - Danila De Vito
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70121 Bari, Italy
| | | | - Stefania Cantore
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Bottalico
- PolyPheno S.r.l. Academic Spin Off, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 74123 Taranto, Italy
| | - Lucio Quagliuolo
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80100 Naples, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Boccellino
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80100 Naples, Italy
| | - Marina Di Domenico
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80100 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Santacroce
- Jonian Department, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Roberto Arrigoni
- CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Gianna Dipalma
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70121 Bari, Italy
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Charitos IA, Castellaneta F, Santacroce L, Bottalico L. Historical Anecdotes and Breakthroughs of Histamine: From Discovery to Date. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2021; 21:801-814. [PMID: 32727338 DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666200729150124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM Investigating about the history of allergies and discovery of the histamine's role in the immune response through historical references, starting with ancient anecdotes, analysing the first immunization attempts on animals to understand its importance as the anaphylaxis mediator. Moreover, we shortly resume the most recent discoveries on mast cell role in allergic diseases throughout the latest updates on its antibody-independent receptors. METHODS Publications, including reviews, treatment guidelines, historical and medical books, on the topic of interest were found on Medline, PubMed, Web of Knowledge, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Elsevier's (EMBASE.comvarious internet museum archives. Texts from the National Library of Greece (Stavros Niarchos Foundation), from the School of Health Sciences of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (Greece). We selected key articles which could provide ahistorical and scientific insight into histamine molecule and its mechanism of action's discovery starting with Egyptian, Greek and Chinese antiquity to end with the more recent pharmacological and molecular discoveries. RESULTS Allergic diseases were described by medicine since ancient times, without exactly understanding the physio-pathologic mechanisms of immuno-mediated reactions and of their most important biochemical mediator, histamine. Researches on histamine and allergic mechanisms started at the beginning of the 20th century with the first experimental observations on animals of anaphylactic reactions. Histamine was then identified as their major mediator of many allergic diseases and anaphylaxis, but also of several physiologic body's functions, and its four receptors were characterized. Modern researches focus their attention on the fundamental role of the antibody-independent receptors of mast cells in allergic mechanisms, such as MRGPRX2, ADGRE2 and IL-33 receptor. CONCLUSION New research should investigate how to modulate immunity cells activity in order to better investigate possible multi-target therapies for host's benefits in preclinical and clinical studies on allergic diseases in which mast cells play a major role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis A Charitos
- CEDICLO - Interdepartmental Research Center for Pre-Latin, Latin and Oriental Rights and Culture Studies, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Santacroce
- CEDICLO - Interdepartmental Research Center for Pre-Latin, Latin and Oriental Rights and Culture Studies, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Bottalico
- CEDICLO - Interdepartmental Research Center for Pre-Latin, Latin and Oriental Rights and Culture Studies, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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Santacroce L, Di Cosola M, Bottalico L, Topi S, Charitos IA, Ballini A, Inchingolo F, Cazzolla AP, Dipalma G. Focus on HPV Infection and the Molecular Mechanisms of Oral Carcinogenesis. Viruses 2021; 13:v13040559. [PMID: 33810374 PMCID: PMC8067023 DOI: 10.3390/v13040559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study is focused on the epidemiological characteristics and biomolecular mechanisms that lead to the development of precancerous and cancerous conditions of oral lesions related to Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infections. Current evidence from the literature demonstrates the role of HPV in potentially malignant oral disorders. Therefore, the underlying biomolecular processes can give arise, or contribute to, benign lesions as well as to oral carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Santacroce
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Microbiology and Virology Unit, School of Medicine, University of Bari “A. Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy;
- Interdepartmental Research Center for Pre-Latin, Latin and Oriental Rights and Culture Studies (CEDICLO), University of Bari “A. Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy; (L.B.); (S.T.)
- Department of Clinical Disciplines, School of Technical Medical Sciences, “A. Xhuvani” University of Elbasan, 3001 Elbasan, Albania
| | - Michele Di Cosola
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi di Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (M.D.C.); (A.P.C.)
| | - Lucrezia Bottalico
- Interdepartmental Research Center for Pre-Latin, Latin and Oriental Rights and Culture Studies (CEDICLO), University of Bari “A. Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy; (L.B.); (S.T.)
| | - Skender Topi
- Interdepartmental Research Center for Pre-Latin, Latin and Oriental Rights and Culture Studies (CEDICLO), University of Bari “A. Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy; (L.B.); (S.T.)
- Department of Clinical Disciplines, School of Technical Medical Sciences, “A. Xhuvani” University of Elbasan, 3001 Elbasan, Albania
| | - Ioannis Alexandros Charitos
- Interdepartmental Research Center for Pre-Latin, Latin and Oriental Rights and Culture Studies (CEDICLO), University of Bari “A. Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy; (L.B.); (S.T.)
- Correspondence: (I.A.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Andrea Ballini
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, Campus Universitario “G. Quagliarello”, University of Bari “A. Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Vico L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (I.A.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Francesco Inchingolo
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari “A. Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (F.I.); (G.D.)
| | - Angela Pia Cazzolla
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi di Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (M.D.C.); (A.P.C.)
| | - Gianna Dipalma
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari “A. Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (F.I.); (G.D.)
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Charitos IA, Gagliano-Candela R, Santacroce L, Bottalico L. The Cannabis Spread throughout the Continents and its Therapeutic Use in History. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2021; 21:407-417. [PMID: 32433013 DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666200520095900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cannabis sativa L. (C. sativa) is a plant whose use as a therapeutic agent shares its origins with the first Far East's human societies. Cannabis has been used not only for recreational purposes but as food to obtain textile fibers, to produce hemp paper, to treat many physical and mental disorders. AIM This review aims to provide a complete assessment of the deep knowledge of the cannabis psychoactive effects and medicinal properties in the course of history covering i.) The empirical use of the seeds and the inflorescences to treat many physical ailments by the ancient Oriental physicians' ii.) The current use of cannabis as a therapeutic agent after the discovery of its key psychoactive constituent and the human endogenous endocannabinoid system. METHODS This study was performed through a detailed analysis of the studies on the historical significance and medical applications of Cannabis sativa by using international scientific databases, historical and medical books, ancient Greek and Chinese manuscripts translations, library and statistical data from government reports and texts from the National Library of Greece (Stavros Niarchos Foundation), from the School of Health Sciences of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (Greece). We selected papers and texts focusing on a historical point of view about the medical importance of the plant and its applications for a therapeutic purpose in the past. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Through a detailed analysis of the available resources about the origins of C. sativa, we found that its use by ancient civilizations as a source of food and textile fibers dates back over 10,000 years, while its therapeutic applications have been improved over the centuries, from the ancient East medicine of the 2nd and 1st millennium B.C. to the more recent introduction in the Western world after the 1st century A.D. In the 20th and 21st centuries, Cannabis and its derivatives have been considered as a menace and banned throughout the world, but nowadays, they are still the most widely consumed illicit drugs all over the world. Its legalization in some jurisdictions has been accompanied by new lines of research to investigate its possible applications for medical and therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis A Charitos
- CEDICLO - Interdepartmental Research Center for Pre-Latin, Latin and Oriental Rights and Culture Studies, University of Bari, Italy
| | - Roberto Gagliano-Candela
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Service of Forensic Toxicology, University of Bari, Italy
| | - Luigi Santacroce
- CEDICLO - Interdepartmental Research Center for Pre-Latin, Latin and Oriental Rights and Culture Studies, University of Bari, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Bottalico
- CEDICLO - Interdepartmental Research Center for Pre-Latin, Latin and Oriental Rights and Culture Studies, University of Bari, Italy
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18
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Santacroce L, Topi S, Haxhirexha K, Hidri S, Charitos IA, Bottalico L. Medicine and Healing in the Pre-Socratic Thought - A Brief Analysis of Magic and Rationalism in Ancient Herbal Therapy. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2021; 21:282-287. [PMID: 32384039 DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666200508113728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medicine has gone through many schools of thought before arriving in the version we see in our world today. In the beginning, it was based on religion, superstition, and magic plants for therapy. This approach was practiced for many centuries until a period of cultural development arrived. This change occurred in the ancient Greek era, when new theories on nature arose: physiokratia emerged to describe the nature of humanity, including its genesis and supporting phenomena. From the various mystical traditions, we have come to understand the natural phenomena that surround the universe, thanks to the knowledge of the "hidden causes" that emerged due to this trend of philosophical thought. METHODS We studied ancient texts to determine the common roots between myth, therapy, and religion of medical cultures in the pre-Hippocratic era and the era of pre-Socratic philosophers. RESULTS This study is focused on the period of time before and during pre-Socratic thought, showing that there are many similarities in the approach of therapy for various diseases in that era. The Greek contribution to Western medicine was in the development of a rational system of thought that has been transmitted in medical culture. This attempt to interpret humanity was called philosophy. Hippocrates, who came after the pre-Socratics, changed the old approach to patients. When the approach to medical diagnosis and healing changed, it affected the therapy of other ancient cultures. The ancient Greeks were influenced by other civilizations' approaches to therapy, especially with the use of plants and the different mythological and religious outlooks connected to this use. Despite the emergence of pre- Socratic rationalism, supernatural beliefs remained even when the use of herbs was no longer practiced in direct connection to their origins in myth and magic. The first detachment of magic therapy occurred later with the father of medicine, Hippocrates. CONCLUSION The ancient Greeks invented the rationalist doctrine, which influenced medicine. Thus, the birth of philosophy, through its many stages, has influenced therapeutic patterns in medicine, especially with medicinal herbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Santacroce
- Ionian Department (DJSGEM), University of Bari "A. Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Skender Topi
- Ionian Department (DJSGEM), University of Bari "A. Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Kastriot Haxhirexha
- Department of General Surgery, Medical Faculty, University of Tetovo, Tetovo, North Macedonia
| | - Shkelqim Hidri
- Ionian Department (DJSGEM), University of Bari "A. Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Ioannis Alexandros Charitos
- Poisoning National Center, Emergency and Urgency Service, Riuniti University Hospital of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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Santacroce L, Bottalico L, Topi S, Castellaneta F, Charitos IA. The "Scourge of the Renaissance". A Short Review About Treponema pallidum infection. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2021; 20:335-343. [PMID: 31625831 DOI: 10.2174/1871530319666191009144217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is not a time in the history when epidemics did not loom large: infectious diseases have always had civilisation and evolution-altering consequences. Throughout history, there have been a number of pandemics: cholera, bubonic plague, influenza, smallpox are some of the most brutal killers in human history. Historical accounts of pandemics clearly demonstrate that war, unhygienic conditions, social and health inequality create conditions for the transmission of infectious diseases, and existing health disparities can contribute to unequal morbidity and mortality. The Renaissance was a period of European cultural, artistic, political and economic "rebirth" following the Middle Ages, but it was also the time when new infectious disease appeared, such as Syphilis. The epidemic spread of Syphilis began between the late 15th century and early 16th century due to the increased migration of peoples across Europe. The rapid spread of venereal syphilis throughout Europe suggests the introduction of a disease into a population that had not previously been exposed. Syphilis is a type of treponematosis, which includes syphilis, bejel, yaws, and pinta, but, while syphilis is venereal disease, the others are nonvenereal. Syphilis was, at the beginning, a disease of great severity due to its novelty, as the population had no time to gain any immunity against this venereal disease. METHODS The purpose of this study is to investigate the origin of syphilis and the evolution of the treatments from the empiric means to the discovery of penicillin, but also to understand how this venereal disease has largely influenced human lifestyle and evolution. CONCLUSION The first of the three hypotheses about its origins is the Columbian hypothesis, which states that Columbus's crew acquired syphilis from Native Americans and carried it back to Europe in 1493 A. D. On the contrary, the second hypothesis (pre-Columbian) asserts that syphilis was present in Europe long before Columbus's voyage and was transferred to the New World by Columbus's men. The Unitarian theory argues that syphilis, bejel, yaws, and pinta are not separate diseases but they represent syndromes caused by slightly different strains of one organism. Nowadays, Syphilis' origin is still uncertain and remains controversial. However, the large impact on the social behavior and international public health is an important reason to investigate about its origins and how to prevent the transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Santacroce
- Ionian Department, University of Bari "A. Moro", Bari, Italy.,Clinical Department of Microbiology & Virology, University Hospital of Bari, Bari, Italy.,Department of Clinical Subjects, School of Technical Medical Sciences, "A. Xhuvani" University of Elbasan, Elbasan, Albania
| | - Lucrezia Bottalico
- Ionian Department, Polypheno srl Academic Spin Off, "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Skender Topi
- Ionian Department, University of Bari "A. Moro", Bari, Italy.,Department of Clinical Subjects, School of Technical Medical Sciences, "A. Xhuvani" University of Elbasan, Elbasan, Albania
| | - Francesca Castellaneta
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, School of Medicine, "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Ioannis A Charitos
- Department of Emergency/Urgent, National Poison Center, Riuniti University Hospital (OO.RR.) of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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20
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Santacroce L, Sardaro N, Topi S, Pettini F, Bottalico L, Cantore S, Cascella G, Del Prete R, Dipalma G, Inchingolo F. The pivotal role of oral microbiota in health and disease. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2020; 34:733-737. [PMID: 32492992 DOI: 10.23812/20-127-l-45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L Santacroce
- Ionian Department, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.,Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - N Sardaro
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - S Topi
- School of Technical Medical Sciences, University of Elbasan "A. Xhuvani", Elbasan, Albania
| | - F Pettini
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - L Bottalico
- PolyPheno Srl. Academic Spin Off, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Taranto, Italy
| | - S Cantore
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.,PolyPheno Srl. Academic Spin Off, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Taranto, Italy.,BPP School of Health, University Faculty of Dentistry, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Sorriso & Benessere Ricerca e Clinica S.r.l., Bari, Italy
| | - G Cascella
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - R Del Prete
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - G Dipalma
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - F Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
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Charitos IA, Ballini A, Bottalico L, Cantore S, Passarelli PC, Inchingolo F, D'Addona A, Santacroce L. Special features of SARS-CoV-2 in daily practice. World J Clin Cases 2020; 8:3920-3933. [PMID: 33024749 PMCID: PMC7520789 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v8.i18.3920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (commonly known as SARS-CoV-2) is a novel coronavirus (designated as 2019-nCoV), which was isolated for the first time after the Chinese health authorities reported a cluster of pneumonia cases in Wuhan, China in December 2019. Optimal management of the Coronavirus Disease-2019 disease is evolving quickly and treatment guidelines, based on scientific evidence and experts' opinions with clinical experience, are constantly being updated. On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak as a "Public Health Emergency of International Concern". The total lack of immune protection brought about a severe spread of the contagion all over the world. For this reason, diagnostic tools, patient management and therapeutic approaches have been tested along the way, in the desperate race to break free from the widespread infection and its fatal respiratory complications. Current medical knowledge and research on severe and critical patients' management and experimental treatments are still evolving, but several protocols on minimizing risk of infection among the general population, patients and healthcare workers have been approved and diffused by International Health Authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis A Charitos
- Department of Emergency and Urgency, National Poisoning Centre, Riuniti University Hospital of Foggia, Foggia 71122, Italy
| | - Andrea Ballini
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University Campus "E. Quagliariello", University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari 70125, Italy
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Bottalico
- Interdepartmental Research Center for Pre-Latin, Latin and Oriental Rights and Culture Studies (CEDICLO), University of Bari, Bari 70121, Italy
| | - Stefania Cantore
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari 70124, Italy
- Sorriso & Benessere - Ricerca e Clinica S.R.L, Bari 70129, Italy
| | - Pier Carmine Passarelli
- Department of Head, Neck and Sense Organs, Division of Oral Surgery and Implantology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Francesco Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Section of Dental Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Antonio D'Addona
- Department of Head and Neck and Sensory Organs, Division of Oral Surgery and Implantology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS — Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma 00168, Italy
| | - Luigi Santacroce
- Interdepartmental Research Center for Pre-Latin, Latin and Oriental Rights and Culture Studies (CEDICLO), University of Bari, Bari 70121, Italy
- Ionian Department, Microbiology and Virology Laboratory, Policlinico University Hospital, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari 70124, Italy
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Charitos IA, Gagliano-Candela R, Santacroce L, Bottalico L. Venoms and poisonings during the centuries. A narrative review. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 22:558-570. [PMID: 32885764 DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666200904105816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Suffice it to say that the first traces of its use by man date back to ten thousand years ago the venom or poison since the last period of the Paleolithic man used poison to hunt and for defence. Indeed, in the second half of the 19th century, was found in some caves arrows made from the bones of animals characterized by particular grooves. In ancient Greece, the term pharmakon (φάρμακον) had a double meaning: remedy for therapy and venom. This is the period in which we become aware of the fact that a poison cannot be defined only as a substance capable of changing the properties of things. The poisonings are very frequent in the history of the Roman Empire and later in the Renaissance and the modern era. Poison was the protagonist political intrigues of power and is one of the most used lethal weapons over the years. Optimal solution for a perfect murder, the poison has a long history. Its success is due to the invisible and often unpunished death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Alexandros Charitos
- CEDICLO - Interdepartmental Research Center for Pre-Latin, Latin and Oriental Rights and Culture Studies, University of Bari. Italy
| | - Roberto Gagliano-Candela
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Service of Forensic Toxicology, University of Bari, Italy; 3 Ionian Department (DISGEM), University of Bari. Italy
| | - Luigi Santacroce
- CEDICLO - Interdepartmental Research Center for Pre-Latin, Latin and Oriental Rights and Culture Studies, University of Bari. Italy
| | - Lucrezia Bottalico
- CEDICLO - Interdepartmental Research Center for Pre-Latin, Latin and Oriental Rights and Culture Studies, University of Bari. Italy
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Santacroce L, Bottalico L, Haxhirexha K, Topi S, Charitos IA. Pre-Chemistry Concepts and Medical Therapy among Ancient Physicians through the Pre-Socratic Philosophers. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 20:1470-1477. [PMID: 32384041 DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666200508115041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemistry as experimental science began in the seventeenth century, when it began moving away from being one of the alchemical doctrines and toward analyzing matter and its transformations using scientific methods. Previously, the ancient Pre-Socratic philosophy through observation of nature was concerned with the laws that govern the natural world and the property of matter. Later, the Hellenistic Alexandrian culture took possession of the Hermetic doctrines of the Egyptians, mixing them with pre-Socratic thought and Gnosticism. At this historical moment, therefore, there was a fusion of the Greek philosophical patrimony and the Hellenistic and Alexandrian influences on medicine. The Hermetic gnosis evolved over time to become alchemy and then to usher in the birth of chemical science. Many doctors were wandering philosophers who dealt with cosmogony to understand the body and diseases and to discover new healing drugs for treatment, and thus they were the first chemist therapists. METHODS The influence of ancient physicians through the pre-Socratic philosophy for these prochemical theories and practice has been researched through ancient texts, so these texts have been referenced to determine the legacy of paleo-chemicals doctrines. RESULTS The study of various texts in particular from the Pre-Socratic age and the eminent physicians underline that, despite a different approach to the cosmogonic concepts of nature and the matter, the medicine of that age had an important influence on chemistry as an experimental science, especially concerning therapy with drugs. CONCLUSION The Pre-Socratic philosophers have influenced the medical practice and guided it toward the concept of the properties of matter for medical treatment and an understanding of the causes of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Santacroce
- Ionian Department (DJSGEM), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy,Polypheno Academic Spin Off, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Bottalico
- Polypheno Academic Spin Off, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Kastriot Haxhirexha
- Medical Faculty, Clinical Hospital of Tetovo, University of Tetovo, North Macedonia
| | - Skender Topi
- School of Technical Medical Sciences, “Alexander Xhuvani” University of Elbasan, Elbasan, Albania
| | - Ioannis A Charitos
- Emergency/Urgent Department, National Poisoning Center, Riuniti University Hospital of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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Santacroce L, Bottalico L, Charitos IA. The Impact of COVID-19 on Italy: A Lesson for the Future. Int J Occup Environ Med 2020; 11:151-152. [PMID: 32225178 PMCID: PMC7426732 DOI: 10.34172/ijoem.2020.1984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Santacroce
- Ionian Department, Microbiology and Virology Lab, University Hospital of Bari, Bari, Italy.
| | - Lucrezia Bottalico
- CEDICLO - Interdepartmental Research Center for Pre-Latin, Latin and Oriental Rights and Culture Studies, University of Bari, Italy
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Topi S, Santacroce L, Bottalico L, Ballini A, Inchingolo AD, Dipalma G, Charitos IA, Inchingolo F. Gastric Cancer in History: A Perspective Interdisciplinary Study. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020264. [PMID: 31978985 PMCID: PMC7072612 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Gastric adenocarcinoma is the fourth most common type of cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death in the world. Despite abundant traces of an ancient history, the comprehension of its pathogenic mechanisms is rather recent and continuously updated. Methods: We investigated about how the ancient civilizations tried to understand the exactly physiopathology of gastric cancer, from the time when they could not examine deeply the histological and pathophysiologic aspects of the disease, but they just based their knowledge on a visual analysis of the signs and consequences of such disease. We examined the historical evolving knowledge of the disease along the centuries on the gastroenterological, pharmacological, and surgical fields, defining how gastric cancer became an increasingly curable disease. Results: Cancer was known in the ancient world. Ancient people did not know exactly the causes but the climatic, hygienic, and food conditions were the first to be considered over time, also taking into consideration supernatural negative influences. During the Renaissance, a tumultuous time of scientific discoveries started, thanks to an increasing number of autopsies made on cadavers and to the progressions in visual analysis of the stomach mucosa throughout endoscopy. From the first gastric surgery in 1879, many steps forward have been made and, today, gastric cancer is regarded as a more curable disease; one important discovery in this field has been the revelation of the role of Helicobacter pylori in the peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and in some forms of gastric lymphoma. Conclusions: Gastric cancer has the fourth highest incidence of various cancers worldwide and is ranked second as a cause of cancer-related death. It exists from the antiquity and a lot of hypotheses have been developed about its etiology during the centuries, influencing its therapy. During the 20th century, thanks to the scientific and technological progresses the causes of the cancer have been discovered and the role of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori has been demonstrated, and new perspective research are currently trying to investigate the role of other microorganisms in gastric physiopathology, as well as its possible modulation by probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Skender Topi
- Department of Clinical Disciplines, School of Technical Medical Sciences, University of Elbasan “A. Xhuvani”, 3001 Elbasan, Albania;
- Surgery, Regional Hospital “X. Kongoli”, 3001 Elbasan, Albania
| | - Luigi Santacroce
- Ionian Department (DJSGEM), Microbiology and Virology Lab., University of Bari “A. Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
- Polypheno Academic Spin Off, University of Bari “A. Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0805-478-486
| | - Lucrezia Bottalico
- Polypheno Academic Spin Off, University of Bari “A. Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Andrea Ballini
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy;
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, S. Andrea delle Dame—Via L. De Crecchio, 7—80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessio Danilo Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari, General Hospital, Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (G.D.); (F.I.)
| | - Gianna Dipalma
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari, General Hospital, Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (G.D.); (F.I.)
| | - Ioannis Alexandros Charitos
- Poisoning National Center, Emergency and Urgency Service, Riuniti University Hospital of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Francesco Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari, General Hospital, Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (G.D.); (F.I.)
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Bottalico L, Charitos IA, Kolveris N, D'Agostino D, Topi S, Ballini A, Santacroce L. Philosophy and Hippocratic Ethic in Ancient Greek Society: Evolution of Hospital - Sanctuaries. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2019; 7:3353-3357. [PMID: 31949542 PMCID: PMC6953930 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to offer a new perspective of the Hippocratic thought and how it influenced the evolution of the medical art till now, highlighting the ethical aspects and hospital born from ancient temples and sanctuary. Ethics is defined as a set of values, principles, and rules that regulate human behavior and relate to how human actions can significantly affect not only their own lives but also the lives of others. The essence of a culture can be perceived by the philosophy and the means by which is placed against the illness and its treatment. In this sense, the medical anthropology of every age is an indicator of its culture and help us understand its basic dimensions such as life and death.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nikolaos Kolveris
- Department of Philology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Donato D'Agostino
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Skender Topi
- School of Technical Medical Sciences, University of Elbasan, Elbasan, Albania.,Ionian Department, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Andrea Ballini
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Luigi Santacroce
- Polypheno srl - Academic Spin Off, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.,School of Technical Medical Sciences, University of Elbasan, Elbasan, Albania.,Ionian Department, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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Ballini A, Santacroce L, Cantore S, Bottalico L, Dipalma G, Topi S, Saini R, De Vito D, Inchingolo F. Probiotics Efficacy on Oxidative Stress Values in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Randomized Double-Blinded Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2019; 19:373-381. [PMID: 30574857 DOI: 10.2174/1871530319666181221150352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), which include Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are described as a chronic inflammation of the small intestine and colon, caused by a dysregulated immune response to host intestinal microbiota in genetically susceptible subjects. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare probiotic therapy versus placebo in Oxidative Stress Values and clinical features in patients affected by IBD. METHOD Forty (40) patients previously diagnosed for IBD were recruited and randomized to receive probiotics (test group, n=20) or placebo (control group, n=20) administered for 90 days. Subjects in both the groups were assessed for overall oxidant ability (d-ROMs test) and for the antioxidant response (BAP test): data were reported at baseline, after 1 and 3 months. Additional data from anamnesis and haematological investigation were also reported during the study. RESULTS d-ROM assay clearly showed that the values observed in the test group were significantly improved, leading to oxidative stress values which are not pathological. The test group showed increasing BAP values, thus confirming the overall improvements of patients 'health following administration of probiotics. CONCLUSION Oral administration of the specific probiotics demonstrated its efficacy and safety on patients affected by IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ballini
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.,Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Luigi Santacroce
- Ionian Department, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.,Polypheno - Academic Spin Off, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.,School of Technical Medical Sciences, "A. Xhuvani" University, Elbasan, Albania
| | - Stefania Cantore
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.,Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Bottalico
- Polypheno - Academic Spin Off, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Gianna Dipalma
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.,Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Skender Topi
- Ionian Department, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.,Polypheno - Academic Spin Off, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.,School of Technical Medical Sciences, "A. Xhuvani" University, Elbasan, Albania
| | - Rajiv Saini
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Danila De Vito
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Inchingolo
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
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Abstract
Introduction: Probiotics are living, non-pathogenic microorganisms (bacteria) that enter through diet in the human body, live during their passage through the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and are beneficial to health. They have become popular in recent years as a way of improving human health through nutrition. This review aims to discuss the efficacy of probiotics for the supportive therapy of certain clinical conditions, especially infectious diseases, as reported in a number of studies, even though some concerns about their safety still remain. Areas covered: This paper will review the history of probiotics, from ancient ages to date, and the evolution of their use in clinical practice. The study is based on both personal professional experience of the authors and a comprehensive literature analysis, including old documents from libraries, searching the related biological and clinical data on Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, EMBASE, also using the 'cited by' and 'similar articles' options available in PubMed. Expert opinion: Not all researchers agree about the safety and real efficacy of probiotics in common conditions, especially infective diseases. However, the use of probiotics for clinical conditions that may be improved by consumption of these dietary supplements should be considered as a possible supportive therapy in select patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Santacroce
- a Ionian Department (DJSGEM), Microbiology and Virology Laboratory, University of Bari , Bari , Italy
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Santacroce L, Charitos IA, Topi S, Bottalico L. The Alcmaeon's School of Croton: Philosophy and Science. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2019; 7:500-503. [PMID: 30834025 PMCID: PMC6390134 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the first physicians and physiologists at the pre-Hippocratic medicine with contradictions and oscillating doctrines was Alcmaeon from Croton in the 6th century BC. For many, he shared as the father of scientific medicine. Unfortunately, we have only eighteen texts written for him and only five fragments of texts written by him. This saved extracts and testimonies they refer mostly to physiology, epistemology and psychology. Was born in the city of Croton (Κρτων) in Magna Graecia (southern Italy) was a reference point for the activity of physicians and philosophers over the years. Furthermore, Herodotus tells us about the excellent practice quality of the physicians, “compared to all the others known in that period”, among which Alcmaeon. But Croton is also famous as the centre of thought and activity of the philosopher Pythagoras of Samos (Πυθαγρας ὁ Σμιος, 580-500 BC) through his Pythagorean school around 530 BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Santacroce
- Microbiology & Virology Lab - Policlinico of Bari, Bari, Italy.,Polypheno Academic Spin Off - University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Skender Topi
- Faculty of Technical Medical Sciences, "Alexander Xhuvani" University of Elbasan, Elbasan, Albania
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Ballini A, Santacroce L, Cantore S, Bottalico L, Dipalma G, Vito DD, Saini R, Inchingolo F. Probiotics Improve Urogenital Health in Women. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2018; 6:1845-1850. [PMID: 30455760 PMCID: PMC6236028 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2018.406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urogenital recurrent infections represent a global medical issue in the world, affecting millions of women because of dramatic shifts in bacterial composition and concentrations in response to numerous endogenous and exogenous factors. Urogenital microbiota forms a mutually beneficial relationship with their host and has a major impact on health and disease. AIM This study aimed to compare probiotic therapy versus placebo in Oxidative Stress Values (OSVs) and histological features in urogenital infections in female patients. METHODS Forty (n = 40) patients diagnosed with recurrent urogenital infections were recruited to be treated as test group (n = 20), receiving Probiotics, and a control group (n = 20), receiving looking similar placebo, both for 90 days. Both the groups were assessed for total oxidant capacity (d-ROMs test) and biological antioxidant potential as iron-reducing activity (BAP test) at baseline, after 1 and 3 months. Histological changes on inner vaginal mucosa were also investigated, during the entire study. RESULTS d-ROM assay clearly showed that the values of the test group were significantly different, thus leading the general health conditions from a state of high oxidative stress to low oxidative stress levels. Increasing of BAP values were more significant, and clinically relevant, in probiotic test group over time. CONCLUSION Our pilot study gave interesting and promising elements to confirm the safety and effectiveness of oral probiotics in preventing/reducing the recurrent urogenital infections by an overall modification of inner vaginal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ballini
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Luigi Santacroce
- Ionian Department, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
- Polypheno srl - Academic Spin Off, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Stefania Cantore
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
- Polypheno srl - Academic Spin Off, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Bottalico
- Polypheno srl - Academic Spin Off, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Gianna Dipalma
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Danila De Vito
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Rajiv Saini
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Inchingolo
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
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Santacroce L, D'Agostino D, Charitos IA, Bottalico L, Ballini A. A short review about electrophysiology and bioimpedance: History and perspectives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.5958/0976-5506.2018.01521.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Bottalico L, Tatullo M, Marrelli M, Santacroce L. Lights and shadows of dental implants: focus on mucositis and perimplantitis and their biological markers. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2016; 30:859-861. [PMID: 27655511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The increase in oral rehabilitation by means of dental implants has required an evolution of the related managing protocols and correct updating of the skills of dental professionals. Postsurgical management of the clinical case is aimed to stabilize the obtained results and preserve them from adverse conditions: a healthy implant prosthesis is maintained thanks to the huge number of consolidated protocols of oral hygiene. This practice plays a decisive role in the prevention of perimplant pathologies, forming a strong basis to ensure long implant life and avoid unnecessary and painful new surgical procedures. Furthermore, dental companies, in order to satisfy the new needs of professionals in oral hygiene, have produced new instrumentations and targeted drugs, in agreement to the cutting-edge scientific literature, thus creating a new market attracting huge interests in healthcare. The purpose of this topical review is to briefly comment on the state of the art of post-surgical dental implant management. This research is aimed to report the current protocols available to reduce the risk of oral diseases and prevent the progression of perimplant complications. Special focus has been dedicated to the most effective surgical and non-surgical protocols for treating mucositis and perimplantitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bottalico
- Jonian Department (DISGEM), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Taranto, Italy
| | - M Tatullo
- Tecnologica Research Institute, Biomedical Section, Crotone, Italy
| | - M Marrelli
- Unit of Maxillofacial Surgery, Calabrodental, Crotone, Italy; Marrelli Hospital, Experimental and Clinical Section, Crotone, Italy
| | - L Santacroce
- Jonian Department (DISGEM), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Taranto, Italy
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Boonen E, Akylas V, Barmpas F, Boréave A, Bottalico L, Cazaunau M, Chen H, Daële V, De Marco T, Doussin JF, Gaimoz C, Gallus M, George C, Grand N, Grosselin B, Guerrini GL, Herrmann H, Ifang S, Kleffmann J, Kurtenbach R, Maille M, Manganelli G, Mellouki A, Miet K, Mothes F, Moussiopoulos N, Poulain L, Rabe R, Zapf P, Beeldens A. Construction of a photocatalytic de-polluting field site in the Leopold II tunnel in Brussels. J Environ Manage 2015; 155:136-144. [PMID: 25863437 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Within the framework of the European Life+-funded project PhotoPAQ (Demonstration of Photocatalytic remediation Processes on Air Quality), which was aimed at demonstrating the effectiveness of photocatalytic coating materials on a realistic scale, a photocatalytic de-polluting field site was set up in the Leopold II tunnel in Brussels, Belgium. For that purpose, photocatalytic cementitious materials were applied on the side walls and ceiling of selected test sections inside a one-way tunnel tube. This article presents the configuration of the test sections used and the preparation and implementation of the measuring campaigns inside the Leopold II tunnel. While emphasizing on how to implement measuring campaigns under such conditions, difficulties encountered during these extensive field campaigns are presented and discussed. This included the severe de-activation observed for the investigated material under the polluted tunnel conditions, which was revealed by additional laboratory experiments on photocatalytic samples that were exposed to tunnel air. Finally, recommendations for future applications of photocatalytic building materials inside tunnels are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Boonen
- Belgian Road Research Centre (BRRC), Woluwedal 42, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - V Akylas
- Laboratory of Heat Transfer and Environmental Engineering (LHTEE), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Box 483, GR 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - F Barmpas
- Laboratory of Heat Transfer and Environmental Engineering (LHTEE), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Box 483, GR 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - A Boréave
- Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5256, IRCELYON, Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse et l'Environnement de Lyon, Villeurbanne, Lyon F 6962, France
| | - L Bottalico
- CTG Italcementi Group, Via Stezzano 87, 24126 Bergamo, Italy
| | - M Cazaunau
- Institut de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement (ICARE), CNRS (UPR 3021)/OSUC, 1C Avenue de la Recherche Scientifique, Orléans, France
| | - H Chen
- Institut de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement (ICARE), CNRS (UPR 3021)/OSUC, 1C Avenue de la Recherche Scientifique, Orléans, France
| | - V Daële
- Institut de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement (ICARE), CNRS (UPR 3021)/OSUC, 1C Avenue de la Recherche Scientifique, Orléans, France
| | - T De Marco
- CTG Italcementi Group, Via Stezzano 87, 24126 Bergamo, Italy
| | - J F Doussin
- LISA, UMR CNRS 7583, Université Paris Est Créteil et Université Paris Diderot, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Créteil, France
| | - C Gaimoz
- LISA, UMR CNRS 7583, Université Paris Est Créteil et Université Paris Diderot, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Créteil, France
| | - M Gallus
- Physikalische Chemie /FB C, Bergische Universität Wuppertal (BUW), Gaußstr. 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - C George
- Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5256, IRCELYON, Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse et l'Environnement de Lyon, Villeurbanne, Lyon F 6962, France
| | - N Grand
- LISA, UMR CNRS 7583, Université Paris Est Créteil et Université Paris Diderot, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Créteil, France
| | - B Grosselin
- Institut de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement (ICARE), CNRS (UPR 3021)/OSUC, 1C Avenue de la Recherche Scientifique, Orléans, France
| | - G L Guerrini
- Italcementi Group, Via Stezzano 87, 24126 Bergamo, Italy
| | - H Herrmann
- Leibniz-Institut für Troposphärenforschung e.V. (TROPOS), Atmospheric Chemistry Dept., Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - S Ifang
- Physikalische Chemie /FB C, Bergische Universität Wuppertal (BUW), Gaußstr. 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J Kleffmann
- Physikalische Chemie /FB C, Bergische Universität Wuppertal (BUW), Gaußstr. 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - R Kurtenbach
- Physikalische Chemie /FB C, Bergische Universität Wuppertal (BUW), Gaußstr. 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - M Maille
- LISA, UMR CNRS 7583, Université Paris Est Créteil et Université Paris Diderot, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Créteil, France
| | - G Manganelli
- CTG Italcementi Group, Via Stezzano 87, 24126 Bergamo, Italy
| | - A Mellouki
- Institut de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement (ICARE), CNRS (UPR 3021)/OSUC, 1C Avenue de la Recherche Scientifique, Orléans, France
| | - K Miet
- LISA, UMR CNRS 7583, Université Paris Est Créteil et Université Paris Diderot, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Créteil, France
| | - F Mothes
- Leibniz-Institut für Troposphärenforschung e.V. (TROPOS), Atmospheric Chemistry Dept., Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - N Moussiopoulos
- Laboratory of Heat Transfer and Environmental Engineering (LHTEE), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Box 483, GR 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - L Poulain
- Leibniz-Institut für Troposphärenforschung e.V. (TROPOS), Atmospheric Chemistry Dept., Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - R Rabe
- Leibniz-Institut für Troposphärenforschung e.V. (TROPOS), Atmospheric Chemistry Dept., Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - P Zapf
- LISA, UMR CNRS 7583, Université Paris Est Créteil et Université Paris Diderot, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Créteil, France
| | - A Beeldens
- Belgian Road Research Centre (BRRC), Woluwedal 42, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
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Santacroce L, Carlaio RG, Bottalico L. Does it make sense that diabetes is reciprocally associated with periodontal disease? Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2010; 10:57-70. [PMID: 20001897 DOI: 10.2174/187153010790827975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2009] [Accepted: 11/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies indicated that more than 15% of the population in western countries suffer because of severe forms of periodontitis, In this respect, the recognition of the relationship between oral and systemic health is growing, thus receiving remarkable interest in scientific literature. In fact, periodontitis may increase the risk for a group of life-threatening conditions such as atherosclerosis, stroke or low birth weight. The American Diabetes Association has reported that individuals with uncontrolled diabetes (defined as 200mg/dL of glucose on three consecutive readings) undergo an increased risk of infections, abnormal wound healing and consequent increased recovery time. Moreover, diabetics may be more likely to develop periodontal and cardiovascular disease than non diabetics, if note. History of poorly controlled chronic periodontal disease can alter diabetic/glycemic control. This may originate from a likely continuous passege of bacterial toxins and/or bacteria into the bloodstream, and/or from an exaggerated release of inflammatory mediators. This review is aimed at elucidating the connections between the status of oral health and glycemic control in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Santacroce
- Department of Internal Medicine, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Italy.
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Vermesan D, Vermesan H, Dragulescu SI, Bera I, Di Giovanni A, Sabatini R, Santacroce L, Bottalico L, Flace P, Cagiano R. Secondary pathologic fractures in osteosarcoma: prognosis and evolution. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2009; 13:71-76. [PMID: 19499840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Secondary or pathologic fractures, associated with osteosarcoma, have been considered for a long time to be a negative prognosis regarding its evolution in the patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic importance of such pathologic fractures in osteosarcoma patients receiving new therapies as well as the best conditions for surgery aiming at "limbs salvage". On a total of 22 patients affected by osteosarcoma, we performed a retrospective study with 12 patients showing pathologic fractures caused by osteosarcoma and 10 patients without any pathologic fracture. The patients enrolled into Timisoara University Hospital have been followed up along 5 years or until a reappearance of either the disease or metastases, distant or local.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Vermesan
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy Victor Babes, Timisoara, Romania
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36
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Debernardis A, Alfonsi G, Santacroce L, Bottalico L, Sabatini R, Flace P, Vermesan D, Auteri P, Sisto G, Cagiano R. Antiviral properties of antineoplastic drugs. From herpes simplex-1 disappearance to a wide antiviral action: a serendipity case report. Acta Biomed 2009; 80:265-267. [PMID: 20578421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Herein we report the clinical case of a 46 year old female affected by lung cancer and cerebral metastases who showed, one month after the beginning of an oncologic therapy with vinorelbine and cisplatin, the complete remission of periodic (every 15 days) recurrences of herpetic mouth lesions. More than one year after the disappearance of the herpetic lesions, no further evidence of them were found. Subsequently, specific laboratory investigations, together with another case report that is presently in process, showed that vinorelbine, aside from its well known antineoplastic properties, also exerts a powerful antiviral action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Debernardis
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Human Physiology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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37
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Santacroce L, Cagiano R, Del Prete R, Bottalico L, Sabatini R, Carlaio RG, Prejbeanu R, Vermesan H, Dragulescu SI, Vermesan D, Motoc A, Losacco T. Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric MALTomas: an up-to-date and therapy highlight. Clin Ter 2008; 159:457-462. [PMID: 19169609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
During the last 20 years Helicobacter pylori (Hp) has been, undoubtly, the star of gastroenterology and microbiology, so much to deserve the "Nobel prize 2005" for biology and medicine to its discoverers. More recently, an increased interest arised on Hp and its linkages with other medical fi elds such as immunology, surgery and dentistry. The outcome of the pathologies due to such bacterium is dependent on many factors, including bacterial genotype, host physiology and genetics, and environmental factors such as diet. In spite of its clear involvement in some pathologies like acute and chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer and gastric cancer, very little is known about another pathology recently proved to be closely associated to the infection by Hp: the gastric MALToma, which account for 7% of all newly diagnosed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The chronic infection of the gastric mucosa from Helicobacter pylori primes a complex pathogenic process which could determine the onset of the gastric cancer through some intermediary steps. On these bases, in 1994, the International Agency for Cancer Research (IARC) defined this bacterium a "class I carcinogenic agent" for gastric cancer. The MALT lymphomas are the most frequent lymphoid neoplasms of the digestive tract; we can also observe other and more rare lymphomatous tumours with specific clinical patterns, like the T-lymphoma associated with lymphomatous polyposis and enteropathy. The development of gastric lymphomas is usually preceded by the acquisition of lymphatic tissue, after inflammatory stimuli and particularly after the infection from Hp, which organizes itself with the characteristics of the MALT. Recently, a number of papers have highlighted the remarkable efficacy of Hp eradicating therapy in patients with low-grade MALT lymphoma of the stomach without other modalities, e.g. surgery and systemic chemotherapy. The aim of this study is to be helpful for a comprehensive understanding the possible connections between Hp and gastric MALT lymphoma, evaluating the best therapy strategies, surgical and non surgical, actually available for its treatment.
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MESH Headings
- Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use
- Anti-Ulcer Agents/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Clarithromycin/therapeutic use
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Dental Plaque/microbiology
- Diagnostic Imaging
- Disease Progression
- Drug Synergism
- Drug Therapy, Combination
- Gastrectomy
- Gastric Mucosa/immunology
- Gastric Mucosa/microbiology
- Gastric Mucosa/pathology
- Gastritis/drug therapy
- Gastritis/immunology
- Gastritis/microbiology
- Helicobacter Infections/drug therapy
- Helicobacter Infections/immunology
- Helicobacter pylori/drug effects
- Helicobacter pylori/pathogenicity
- Helicobacter pylori/physiology
- Humans
- Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/diagnosis
- Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/etiology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/microbiology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/radiotherapy
- Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/surgery
- Prognosis
- Stomach Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Stomach Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Stomach Neoplasms/etiology
- Stomach Neoplasms/radiotherapy
- Stomach Neoplasms/surgery
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- L Santacroce
- Dept of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Bari, Italy.
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Cagiano R, Bera I, Vermesan D, Flace P, Sabatini R, Bottalico L, Auteri P, Santacroce L. Psoriasis disappearance after the first phase of an oncologic treatment: a serendipity case report. Clin Ter 2008; 159:421-425. [PMID: 19169602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a multifaceted disorder with psychosocial and physical aspects that negatively impact the quality of life. Strategies of treatment must address both rapid control of the disease and maintenance of benefits. For short and long-term control of localized psoriasis, recent data support the combined use of topical corticosteroids and either calcipotriene or tazarotene which seem to be the most effective approach. For generalized disease, UVB treatment provides the safest means of achieving long-term control of the disease. Acitretin is a very helpful adjunct for improving the efficacy of phototherapy. For patients with severe, refractory disease, methotrexate may be most effective while cyclosporine may be most valuable for patients needing rapid, short-term improvement. Other molecules, with different pharmacological properties, are actually under consideration. Herein it is reported a case of a 55 year old male, who refers, 2 weeks after the fi rst cycle of oncologic therapy with gemcitabine and cisplatin for a lung neoplasm, about the complete remission of the psoriasis on both fingernails and scalp, suffered since almost ten years. Three months after the fortuitous detection of the psoriasis disappearance, there is no further evidence of psoriatic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Cagiano
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Bari, Italy.
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Santacroce L, Cagiano R, Carlaio RG, Del Prete R, Bottalico L. [Dentistry oral hygiene and endocarditis. Pathophysiology and prophylactic therapy]. Recenti Prog Med 2008; 99:516-521. [PMID: 19040131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Infectious endocarditis is a cardiac pathology of bacterial, viral or more rarely mycotic origin developing on the surfaces of the endocardium or heart valves. Predisposing conditions are congenital malformations of the heart or valvular acquired alterations, as well as the presence of a valvular prosthesis. The microorganisms involved in the etiology and pathogenesis of the damage of such infection (bacterias, viruses or yeasts) determine the formation of the endocardic vegetations typical of this condition. Such lesions can be located on the valvular or the parietal endocardium and sometimes on the endothelium of a great artery. In despite of the elevated standards of instrumental investigations and therapeutic protocols, the bacterial endocarditis represents a pathology of wide interest, scientific and social, due to its high rate of incidence, morbility and mortality. Still now infectious endocarditis causes death in 20-30% of the patients. Although the significant progress on prevention of the infectious diseases and of the cross infections in dentistry practice, from the tartar ablation up to the oncologic oral surgery, still now the skills of oral hygiene and dentistry represent a potential threat for the development of an infectious endocarditis in predisposed patients. The authors, on the base of the revision of the literature and of their own clinical experience, show the etiology, pathophysiology and the clinical pictures related to such complex disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Santacroce
- Dipartimento di Clinica Medica, Immunologia e Malattie Infettive, Unità di Tossicologia.
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Cagiano R, Bera I, Sabatini R, Flace P, Vermesan D, Vermesan H, Dragulescu SI, Bottalico L, Santacroce L. Effects on rat sexual behaviour of acute MDMA (ecstasy) alone or in combination with loud music. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2008; 12:285-292. [PMID: 19024211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The effects on sexual behaviour of acute low doses of methylendioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) (0.3, 1, 3 mg/kg/i.p.), alone or in combination with exposure to loud music (1 h stimulation), were investigated in Wistar rats. Results indicate that acute MDMA, at dose of 3 mg/kg, notably impaired copulatory behavior of sexually experienced male rats. In particular, MDMA-exposed animals exhibited a significant increase in intromission and ejaculation latencies as well as a significant decrease in percentage of rats displaying copulatory activity (one intromission at least). Surprisingly, one hour exposure to loud music, which per se resulted ineffective, antagonized the suppressive effect of MDMA by increasing the percent of animals displaying sexual activity. However, combined treatment of MDMA and music stimulation did not fully restore normal sexual behavior as the animals reaching ejaculation still showed a marked reduction of copulatory efficiency. These findings demonstrate that the systemic administration of a single low dose of MDMA, alone or in combination with loud music, which is commonly present in certain environments such as rave parties, notably impairs copulatory activity of male rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Cagiano
- Department of Pharmacology and Human Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
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Losacco T, Cagiano R, Bottalico L, Carlaio RG, Prejbeanu R, Vermesan H, Dragulescu SI, Vermesan D, Motoc A, Santacroce L. Our experience in Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric MALToma. Clin Ter 2008; 159:239-242. [PMID: 18776980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A number of recent studies have expanded our understanding of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection and of the pathogenesis of MALT lymphoma. The purpose of this paper is to perform a retrospective analysis of the clinical characteristics of gastric MALT lymphoma and its relationship with H. pylori infection in authors' experience. MATERIALS AND METHODS We report nineteen patients observed during 10 years, presenting with gastric MALTomas at any stage. The staging classification and the presence of H. pylori infection have been assessed, and the chosen therapy also. RESULTS The most part of our patients underwent surgery, still now resulting the most effective therapy. None of the patients had eradicating therapy due to their poor compliance and because the most part of cases were observed before the time of clinical validation of such treatment. CONCLUSIONS In our series, surgery was effective for treatment of gastric MALT lymphomas. Surgery and chemotherapy remain, in accord with literature data, the best treatment for gastric MALTomas. Hence, because Hp may play a role in the development of such pathology in certain patients, antibiotic treatment for Hp eradication should not be discouraged in these patients, especially in them with low grade gastric MALT lymphomas. In fact, the failure of this therapy will not modify either survival or later recourse to surgical and/or radio- and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Losacco
- Dept. of Odontostomatology and Surgery, Medical Faculty, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Giardiasis, or Giardia lamblia infection, is the most common parasitosis of the human digestive tract. It is highly contagious and mostly occurs in warm climates. Children are especially susceptible to infection. MICROBIOLOGICAL FEATURES: The infection can sporadically occur anywhere and waterborne outbreaks have been reported in some countries. Hence, the prevention of giardiasis depends on proper sanitation. Once ingested through contaminated water, Giardia cysts adhere to the intestinal surface. The parasite feeds on the mucous secretions of the intestine and may produce severe infections which can interfere with nutrient absorption. Symptoms in affected individuals usually include diarrhoea, dehydration, stomach cramps, gas, and weight loss. DIAGNOSIS Diagnosis is based on the detection of cysts in fecal samples. Treatment includes the use of metronidazole and other drugs that are effective in clearing the infection within a few days. CASE REPORT We report the recent case of a patient with Giardiasis who received dental hygiene procedures and discuss the interventions required in consideration of the patient's concomitant heart condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Santacroce
- School of Dental Hygiene, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
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43
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Bottalico L, Valenzano A, Leone D, Mangini F, Santacroce L. [The incidence of dental caries during childhood. A clinical and epidemiologic study in Matera (Southern Italy)]. Clin Ter 2007; 158:409-419. [PMID: 18062347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the present study is to obtain comprehensive epidemiological data of the incidence of oral and dental health conditions in an Italian homogeneous population of schoolchildren. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study has been performed on schoolchildren born, living and attending the primary school in Matera, Basilicata, Southern Italy. Such data have been compared with the alimentary habits of the participants to the study, as well as with the social-economic family situations and with the social-environmental data. RESULTS The data show a marked difference in the habits of oral hygiene, and in the health status of the oral structures also, based on both the sex and the environment of life. CONCLUSIONS Such differences in the prevalence of caries among various urban areas and the behavioural habits related to sex and age ratios may be very useful findings for future regional prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bottalico
- Corso di Laurea in Igiene Dentale, Università degli Studi di Bari, Italia
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44
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Carlaio RG, Grassi RF, Losacco T, Bottalico L, Santacroce L. Gastroesophageal reflux disease and dental erosion. A case report and review of the literature. Clin Ter 2007; 158:349-353. [PMID: 17953287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The term gastroesophageal reflux refers to the regurgitation of gastric material into the oesophagus. When the reflux is accompanied by inflammation of the oesophageal mucosa and extra-oesophageal symptoms the complaint is classified as a pathological condition called gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). GERD is caused by backward expulsion of the gastric content into the oesophagus. It is characterized by a complex clinical picture that may include lesions of the oesophageal mucosa and lesions of a different nature and severity of the respiratory and stomatognathic apparatus. GERD is considered to be a proteiform complaint induced by many different pathogenetic mechanisms resulting in a wide spectrum of clinical and morphological manifestations secondary to the reflux. Among extra-oesophageal manifestations, those affecting the dental structures are particularly important, owing to their aesthetic and functional implications on the stomatognathic apparatus. The Authors present a recently observed and treated case of GERD with associated severe aesthetic lesions of the frontal teeth. The currently available treatment options for the primary disease are examined, as well as the possible forms of conservative treatment of the affected teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Carlaio
- Dept. of Dentistry and Surgery, University of Bari, Italy
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45
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Mangini F, Santacroce L, Bottalico L. [Periodontitis and systemic diseases]. Clin Ter 2006; 157:541-8. [PMID: 17228854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a condition of suffering of gingival and periodontal tissues. To the light of the available knowledges till now on the pathogenetic mechanisms of such affection is possible to affirm that the different risk factors can influence onset of it, evolution and therapeutic possibility. In the examination of the risk factors in the development of the periodontal pathology the effects of the systemic conditions on the health of the oral cavity has been considered, as well as the influence of the periodontal pathology on the onset and on the evolution of several systemic pathologies and related to some physiological conditions (e.g. the pregnancy).
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Affiliation(s)
- F Mangini
- Università degli Studi di Bari, Italia
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46
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Santacroce L, Leone D, Valenzano A, Luperto P, Bottalico L, Losacco T. [Nutritional problems in the surgical patients with head and neck tumours. Literature review and personal experience]. Clin Ter 2005; 156:227-30. [PMID: 16382971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
During the last years the importance of the correct nutritional assessment as a part of the therapeutic process of the human pathologies has a greatly increased relevance. Still more in oncology, such relationship among nutritional assessment and good result of the therapeutic treatment have a fundamental importance. Among the neoplastic diseases those of the head and the neck result to be particularly aggressive, both for their nature and for the particular anatomical organization of such body areas, and the affected patients also need a precise evaluation of the nutritional assessment to obtain an optimal therapeutic result. On the basis of such premises and to their own clinical experience, the authors describe the main nutritional problems of the patients with tumours of the head and the neck and the possible therapeutic solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Santacroce
- Cattedra di Fisiologia della Nutrizione, Università degli Studi di Foggia, Italia
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47
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Bocca M, Coscia D, Bottalico L, De Stefano R. [Orodental management in patients with malignant hematologic diseases who are waiting for bone marrow transplantation]. Minerva Stomatol 1999; 48:615-9. [PMID: 10822714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to identify the main oral lesions caused by the use of chemotherapeutic agents pre- and post-transplant in malignant hemopathologies and to highlight the importance of dental prevention during this treatment in order to reduce and, if possible, avoid the resulting local and systemic complications. METHODS Twenty-five patients were controlled, monitored and prepared to undergo the necessary chemo- and radiotherapy, as well as bone marrow transplantation in the majority of cases under the best possible oral conditions. RESULTS The most commonly detected secondary lesions were reactions to cyclophosphamide and/or methotrexate. In general, this mucositis appeared 5-7 days after treatment and continued for 1-2 weeks before regressing without residue. Another post-radiotherapeutic complication observed was xerostomy. CONCLUSIONS Lastly, it is important to underline that patients receiving correct dental infection preventive treatment showed fewer tertiary lesions than those who did not undergo the same procedure.
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Bocca M, Coscia D, Bottalico L, Delpiano IM. [New suture techniques in oral surgery. Description and comparison with traditional sutures]. Minerva Stomatol 1999; 48:633-7. [PMID: 10822717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate the healing of intraoral surgical wounds sutured with alpha-cyanoacrylate and silk in clinical and histological terms. Forty-four patients were checked 7 and 14 days after surgery. An incisional biopsy was made at the level of the discharge cut and histological tests were performed on the fragment. On the basis of the results, the authors affirm that in some areas (upper eighths), alpha-cyanoacrylate plays a useful role and simplifies the suture technique. On the contrary, this material was not sufficiently reliable in areas subject to excessive traction (lower eighths).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bocca
- Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Clinica, Università degli Studi, Torino
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49
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Mela F, Bocca M, Coscia D, Bottalico L. [The chin hole. Position and correlation with other mandibular parameters]. Minerva Stomatol 1999; 48:591-4. [PMID: 10822711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study analyzes the position of mental foramen, in order to research possible correlations with other mandibular parameters. METHODS The study has been conducted on 76 dry mandibles, for each mandible we have measured the exact position of the mental forum respect the other mandibular parameters. Both linear and angular relations and misurations have been made. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The results obtained confirm that the mental foramen maintains its position by increasing GoGn. The results did not show particularly significant aspects in comparison with the literature on the subject, thus confirming other authors' opinion.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Mela
- Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Clinica, Università degli Studi, Torino
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50
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Bocca M, Coscia D, Bottalico L, Libro D. [Surgical wound healing in oral surgery]. Minerva Stomatol 1999; 48:609-14. [PMID: 10822713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aim of this study is to improve the in vivo knowledge about the real effects and the physiologic repair by a detached stitches silk suture in the 8th zone. METHODS The study has been carried out on 44 patients submitted to surgical extraction of the impacted 8th (19 upper and 25 lower) teeth. RESULTS Clinical and histological controls have demonstrated the usefulness of this suture procedure, since it gives a good histological reaction and in easy and safe. CONCLUSIONS Histological and clinical results have confirmed the usefulness of silk suture, presenting however the inconvenience of stitches removal and bacterial plaque on the surgical wound.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bocca
- Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Clinica, Università degli Studi, Torino
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