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Zhang D, Liu BW, Liang XQ, Liu FQ. Immunological factors in cirrhosis diseases from a bibliometric point of view. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:3899-3921. [PMID: 37426317 PMCID: PMC10324529 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i24.3899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cirrhosis results from persistent liver injury that leads to liver fibrosis. Immunological factors play important regulatory roles in the development and progression of cirrhosis. Bibliometrics is one of the most commonly used methods for systematic evaluation of a field of study. To date, there are no bibliometric studies on the role of immunological factors in cirrhosis.
AIM To provide a comprehensive overview of the knowledge structure and research hotspots of immunological factors in cirrhosis.
METHODS We retrieved publications related to immunological factors in cirrhosis between 2003 to 2022 from the Web of Science Core Collection database on December 7, 2022. The search strategy was TS = ((Liver Cirrhosis OR hepatic cirrhosis OR liver fibrosis) AND (Immunologic* Factor* OR Immune Factor* OR Immunomodulator* OR Biological Response Modifier* OR Biomodulator*)). Only original articles and reviews were included. A total of 2873 publications were analyzed using indicators of publication and citation metrics, countries, institutes, authors, journals, references, and keywords by CiteSpace and VOSviewer.
RESULTS A total of 5104 authors from 1173 institutions across 51 countries published 2873 papers on cirrhosis and immunological factors in 281 journals. In the past 20 years, the increasing number of related annual publications and citations indicates that research on immunological factors in cirrhosis has become the focus of attention and has entered a period of accelerated development. The United States (781/27.18%), China (538/18.73%), and Germany (300/10.44%) were the leading countries in this field. Most of the top 10 authors were from the United States (4) and Germany (3), with Gershwin ME contributing the most related articles (42). World Journal of Gastroenterology was the most productive journal, whereas Hepatology was the most co-cited journal. Current research hotspots regarding immunological factors in cirrhosis include fibrosis, cirrhosis, inflammation, liver fibrosis, expression, hepatocellular carcinoma, activation, primary biliary cirrhosis, disease, and hepatic stellate cells. Burst keywords (e.g., epidemiology, gut microbiota, and pathways) represent research frontiers that have attracted the interest of researchers in recent years.
CONCLUSION This bibliometric study comprehensively summarizes the research developments and directions of immunological factors in cirrhosis, providing new ideas for promoting scientific research and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Bo-Wen Liu
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Liang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Fu-Quan Liu
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China
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2
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Sojoodi M, Wei L, Erstad DJ, Yamada S, Fujii T, Hirschfield H, Kim RS, Lauwers GY, Lanuti M, Hoshida Y, Tanabe KK, Fuchs BC. Epigallocatechin Gallate Induces Hepatic Stellate Cell Senescence and Attenuates Development of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2020; 13:497-508. [PMID: 32253266 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-19-0383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly morbid condition with lack of effective treatment options. HCC arises from chronically inflamed and damaged liver tissue; therefore, chemoprevention may be a useful strategy to reduce HCC incidence. Several reports suggest that epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), extracted from green tea, can suppress liver inflammation and fibrosis in animal models, but its role in HCC chemoprevention is not well established. In this study, male Wistar rats were injected with diethylnitrosamine at 50 mg/kg for 18 weeks to induce cirrhosis and HCC, and EGCG was given in drinking water at a concentration of 0.02%. Clinically achievable dosing of EGCG was well-tolerated in diethylnitrosamine-injured rats and was associated with improved serum liver markers including alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and total bilirubin, and reduced HCC tumor formation. Transcriptomic analysis of diethylnitrosamine-injured hepatic tissue was notable for increased expression of genes associated with the Hoshida high risk HCC gene signature, which was prevented with EGCG treatment. EGCG treatment also inhibited fibrosis progression, which was associated with inactivation of hepatic stellate cells and induction of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. In conclusion, EGCG administered at clinically safe doses exhibited both chemopreventive and antifibrotic effects in a rat diethylnitrosamine liver injury model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozhdeh Sojoodi
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Lan Wei
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Derek J Erstad
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Suguru Yamada
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tsutomu Fujii
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hadassa Hirschfield
- Liver Tumor Translational Research Program, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Rosa S Kim
- Liver Tumor Translational Research Program, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Gregory Y Lauwers
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael Lanuti
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yujin Hoshida
- Liver Tumor Translational Research Program, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Kenneth K Tanabe
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bryan C Fuchs
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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3
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Glimåker M, Naucler P, Sjölin J. Etiology, clinical presentation, outcome and the effect of initial management in immunocompromised patients with community acquired bacterial meningitis. J Infect 2020; 80:291-297. [PMID: 31911260 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2019.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim was to analyze differences in clinical presentation, etiology, management, and outcome between immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients with acute bacterial meningitis (ABM). METHODS Data were extracted from 1056 adult ABM patients prospectively registered in the national Swedish quality register for ABM during 2008-2017. Primary endpoint was 30-day mortality and secondary endpoints 90-day mortality and unfavorable outcome. RESULTS An immunocompromised state was observed in 352 (33%) of the 1056 patients. Streptococcus pneumoniae dominated in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients (53% in both groups), whereas L monocytogenes occurred in 11% and 2%, respectively. The unadjusted odds ratio (OR) for 30-day mortality in immunocompromised compared to immunocompetent patients was 1.68 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07-2.63). Adjusted for age, sex, and mental status on admission the OR was 1.34 (CI: 0.82-2.21). Adjusted also for time to antibiotic treatment and corticosteroids the OR was 1.10 (CI: 0.59-2.05), and in patients without Listeria meningitis 0.98 (CI: 0.50-1.90). Although, the ORs were higher for 90-day mortality and unfavorable outcome the effects of adjustments were similar. CONCLUSION Mortality in immunocompromised patients with ABM is only moderately increased unless caused by Listeria. This difference is further reduced in patients given early antibiotic treatment and adjunctive corticosteroids. FUNDING This work was supported by Stockholm County Council.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Glimåker
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet and Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Pontus Naucler
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet and Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Sjölin
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
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4
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Yang L, Gao Q, Lv F, Guo M, Zhao D. miR‑519d‑3p promotes TGFβ/Smad mediated postoperative epidural scar formation via suppression of BAMBI. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:3901-3909. [PMID: 31485673 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the role of microRNA (miR)‑519d‑3p in postoperative epidural scar formation and its regulation of the bone morphogenetic protein and activin membrane‑bound inhibitor (BAMBI), miR‑519d‑3p and BAMBI expression levels in the lumbar disc of patients who had undergone laminectomy were detected with reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. The results demonstrated that miR‑519d‑3p expression was significantly increased, whereas BAMBI expression was sharply reduced in the lumbar discs of patients suffering from epidural scars. Subsequently, the miR‑519d‑3p mimic was transfected into primary fibroblasts isolated from epidural scar tissues. Flow cytometric and Cell Countin Kit‑8 analyses indicated that overexpression of miR‑519d‑3p promoted the proliferation of fibroblasts, the production of tumor necrosis factor‑α and interleukin (IL)‑1α, and the expression of type I collagen (col I), α‑smooth muscle actin (α‑SMA) and fibronectin (FN). Downregulation of miR‑519d‑3p by the miR‑519d‑3p antagomir transfection had the opposite effect. Bioinformatics and luciferase reporter gene analyses demonstrated that BAMBI is a target gene of miR‑519d‑3p: miR‑519d‑3p directly binds to the 3'‑untranslated region of BAMBI mRNA and suppressed BAMBI protein expression. Finally, the pcDNA‑BAMBI vector and BAMBI small interfering RNA were respectively transfected into primary fibroblasts to overexpress and knockdown the BAMBI gene. It was demonstrated that BAMBI overexpression suppressed fibroblast proliferation, TNF‑α and IL‑1α production, and the expression of col I, α‑SMA and FN proteins, whereas, BAMBI knockdown had the opposite effect. In conclusion, it was noted that BAMBI is a target of miR‑519d‑3p and miR‑519d‑3p promotes transforming growth factor β/mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 9‑mediated postoperative epidural scar formation via suppression of BAMBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longbiao Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Central Hospital of Zibo Mining Refco Group Ltd., Zibo, Shandong 255120, P.R. China
| | - Qingyuan Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Central Hospital of Zibo Mining Refco Group Ltd., Zibo, Shandong 255120, P.R. China
| | - Feng Lv
- Department of Orthopaedics, Central Hospital of Zibo Mining Refco Group Ltd., Zibo, Shandong 255120, P.R. China
| | - Min Guo
- Department of Geriatrics, Central Hospital of Zibo Mining Refco Group Ltd., Zibo, Shandong 255120, P.R. China
| | - Dong Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Central Hospital of Zibo Mining Refco Group Ltd., Zibo, Shandong 255120, P.R. China
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Substance P Promotes Liver Sinusoidal Endothelium-Mediated Hepatic Regeneration by NO/HGF Regulation. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2019; 39:147-154. [DOI: 10.1089/jir.2018.0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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6
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Moritoki Y, Tsuneyama K, Nakamura Y, Kikuchi K, Shiota A, Ohsugi Y, Lian ZX, Zhang W, Yang GX, Ueki S, Takeda M, Omokawa A, Saga T, Saga A, Watanabe D, Miura M, Ueno Y, Leung PSC, Tanaka A, Gershwin ME, Hirokawa M. Anti-drug Antibodies Against a Novel Humanized Anti-CD20 Antibody Impair Its Therapeutic Effect on Primary Biliary Cholangitis in Human CD20- and FcγR-Expressing Mice. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2534. [PMID: 30450101 PMCID: PMC6224429 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is considerable interest in expanding B cell-targeted therapies in human autoimmune diseases. However, clinical trials in human primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) using a chimeric antibody against human CD20 (hCD20) have showed limited efficacy. Two potential explanations for these disappointing results are the appearance of anti-drug antibodies (ADAs) and the high frequency of patients with moderate PBC or patients who had failed ursodeoxycholic acid treatment. Here, we studied a novel humanized IgG1 antibody against hCD20 and explored its efficacy in early stage PBC using a well-defined murine model. We developed a unique murine model consisting of dnTGF-βRII mice expressing hCD20 and human Fcγ receptors (hFcγRs). Beginning at 4–6 weeks of age, equivalent to stage I/II human PBC, female mice were given weekly injections of an anti-hCD20 antibody (TKM-011) or vehicle control, and monitored for liver histology as well as a broad panel of immunological readouts. After 16 weeks' treatment, we observed a significant reduction in portal inflammation, a decrease in liver-infiltrating mononuclear cells as well as a reduction in liver CD8+ T cells. Importantly, direct correlations between numbers of liver non-B cells and B cells (r = 0.7426, p = 0.0006) and between numbers of liver memory CD8+ T cells and B cells (r = 0.6423, p = 0.0054) were apparent. Accompanying these changes was a dramatic reduction in anti-mitochondrial antibodies (AMAs), interleukin (IL)-12p40 and IL-5, and elevated levels of the anti-inflammatory chemokine CXCL1/KC. In mice that developed ADAs, clinical improvements were less pronounced. Sustained treatment with B cell-targeted therapies may broadly inhibit effector pathways in PBC, but may need to be administered early in the natural history of PBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Moritoki
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan.,Center for Medical Education and Training, Akita University Hospital, Akita, Japan.,SimTiki Simulation Center, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Koichi Tsuneyama
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yuka Nakamura
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kikuchi
- Department of Fourth Internal Medicine, Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Akira Shiota
- Institute of Immunology, Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Zhe-Xiong Lian
- Chronic Disease Laboratory, Institutes for Life Sciences and School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weici Zhang
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Genome and Biomedical Sciences Facility, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Guo-Xiang Yang
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Genome and Biomedical Sciences Facility, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Shigeharu Ueki
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Masahide Takeda
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Ayumi Omokawa
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Tomoo Saga
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Akiko Saga
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | | | - Masahito Miura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Omagari Kosei Medical Center, Omagari, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Ueno
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Patrick S C Leung
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Genome and Biomedical Sciences Facility, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Atsushi Tanaka
- Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Eric Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Genome and Biomedical Sciences Facility, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Makoto Hirokawa
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
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7
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Cong M, Jia J, Kisseleva T, Brenner DA. The Liver's Response to Injury. ZAKIM AND BOYER'S HEPATOLOGY 2018:77-83.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-37591-7.00005-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2025]
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8
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Hisamoto S, Shimoda S, Harada K, Iwasaka S, Onohara S, Chong Y, Nakamura M, Bekki Y, Yoshizumi T, Ikegami T, Maehara Y, He XS, Gershwin ME, Akashi K. Hydrophobic bile acids suppress expression of AE2 in biliary epithelial cells and induce bile duct inflammation in primary biliary cholangitis. J Autoimmun 2016; 75:150-160. [PMID: 27592379 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms of chronic inflammation in primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is essential for successful treatment. Earlier work has demonstrated that patients with PBC have reduced expression of the anion exchanger 2 (AE2) on biliary epithelial cells (BEC) and deletion of AE2 gene has led to a PBC-like disorder in mice. To directly address the role of AE2 in preventing PBC pathogenesis, we took advantage of our ability to isolate human BEC and autologous splenic mononuclear cells (SMC). We studied the influence of hydrophobic bile acids, in particular, glycochenodeoxycholic acid (GCDC), on AE2 expression in BEC and the subsequent impact on the phenotypes of BEC and local inflammatory responses. We demonstrate herein that GCDC reduces AE2 expression in BEC through induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which enhances senescence of BEC. In addition, a reduction of AE2 levels by either GCDC or another AE2 inhibitor upregulates expression of CD40 and HLA-DR as well as production of IL-6, IL-8 and CXCL10 from BEC in response to toll like receptor ligands, an effect suppressed by inhibition of ROS. Importantly, reduced AE2 expression enhances the migration of autologous splenic mononuclear cells (SMC) towards BEC. In conclusion, our data highlight a key functional role of AE2 in the maintenance of the normal physiology of BEC and the pathogenic consequences of reduced AE2 expression, including abnormal intrinsic characteristics of BEC and their production of signal molecules that lead to the chronic inflammatory responses in small bile ducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Hisamoto
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Shinji Shimoda
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Kenichi Harada
- Department of Human Pathology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan.
| | - Sho Iwasaka
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Shinya Onohara
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Yong Chong
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Minoru Nakamura
- Clinical Research Center in National Hospital Organization (NHO), Nagasaki Medical Center and Department of Hepatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Omura, Japan.
| | - Yuki Bekki
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Tomoharu Yoshizumi
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Toru Ikegami
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiko Maehara
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Xiao-Song He
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - M Eric Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Koichi Akashi
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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9
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Epigenetics and Primary Biliary Cirrhosis: a Comprehensive Review and Implications for Autoimmunity. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2015; 50:390-403. [DOI: 10.1007/s12016-015-8502-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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10
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Wan Y, Tang MH, Chen XC, Chen LJ, Wei YQ, Wang YS. Inhibitory effect of liposomal quercetin on acute hepatitis and hepatic fibrosis induced by concanavalin A. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 47:655-61. [PMID: 25098714 PMCID: PMC4165292 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20143704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Immune response plays an important role in the development of hepatic fibrosis. In
the present study, we investigated the effects of quercetin on hepatitis and hepatic
fibrosis induced by immunological mechanism. In the acute hepatitis model, quercetin
(2.5 mg/kg) was injected iv into mice 30 min after concanavalin A
(Con A) challenge. Mice were sacrificed 4 or 24 h after Con A injection, and
aminotransferase tests and histopathological sections were performed. Treatment with
quercetin significantly decreased the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and
aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Consistent with this observation, treatment with
quercetin markedly attenuated the pathologic changes in the liver. A hepatic fibrosis
model was also generated in mice by Con A challenge once a week for 6 consecutive
weeks. Mice in the experimental group were treated with daily iv
injections of quercetin (0.5 mg/kg). Histopathological analyses revealed that
treatment with quercetin markedly decreased collagen deposition, pseudolobuli
development, and hepatic stellate cells activation. We also examined the effects of
quercetin on the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
(NF-κB) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) pathways by immunohistochemistry
and real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). NF-κB and
TGF-β production was decreased after treatment with quercetin, indicating that the
antifibrotic effect of quercetin is associated with its ability to modulate NF-κB and
TGF-β production. These results suggest that quercetin may be an effective
therapeutic strategy in the treatment of patients with liver damage and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - M H Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - X C Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - L J Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Y Q Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Y S Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Abstract
Hepatic stellate cells are resident perisinusoidal cells distributed throughout the liver, with a remarkable range of functions in normal and injured liver. Derived embryologically from septum transversum mesenchyme, their precursors include submesothelial cells that invade the liver parenchyma from the hepatic capsule. In normal adult liver, their most characteristic feature is the presence of cytoplasmic perinuclear droplets that are laden with retinyl (vitamin A) esters. Normal stellate cells display several patterns of intermediate filaments expression (e.g., desmin, vimentin, and/or glial fibrillary acidic protein) suggesting that there are subpopulations within this parental cell type. In the normal liver, stellate cells participate in retinoid storage, vasoregulation through endothelial cell interactions, extracellular matrix homeostasis, drug detoxification, immunotolerance, and possibly the preservation of hepatocyte mass through secretion of mitogens including hepatocyte growth factor. During liver injury, stellate cells activate into alpha smooth muscle actin-expressing contractile myofibroblasts, which contribute to vascular distortion and increased vascular resistance, thereby promoting portal hypertension. Other features of stellate cell activation include mitogen-mediated proliferation, increased fibrogenesis driven by connective tissue growth factor, and transforming growth factor beta 1, amplified inflammation and immunoregulation, and altered matrix degradation. Evolving areas of interest in stellate cell biology seek to understand mechanisms of their clearance during fibrosis resolution by either apoptosis, senescence, or reversion, and their contribution to hepatic stem cell amplification, regeneration, and hepatocellular cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan E Puche
- Division of Liver Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York, New York
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12
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Abstract
Patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) may present with several hepatic abnormalities. Some of these liver diseases are benign and only require observation, whereas others may cause liver failure and require liver transplantation. The aim of this review was to present and summarize the latest evidence on the most common liver diseases seen in patients with IBD. These manifestations can be divided in to 3 groups: those that are seen in association with IBD, those that are due to metabolic and physiologic changes induced by the IBD and those that are secondary to the drugs used in the treatment of IBD. Primary sclerosing cholangitis is one of the most common hepatobiliary manifestations of IBD that is more prevalent in patients with ulcerative colitis. There is no approved medical treatment for primary sclerosing cholangitis and about 50% of patients will require liver transplantation within 10 to 15 years from the time of diagnosis. Among the drugs that are commonly used in the treatment of IBD, thiopurines and methotrexate impose the higher risk of hepatotoxicity. In most cases, dose adjustment and avoidance of hepatotoxins will normalize the liver tests and discontinuation of the drug is required in a minority of cases. Reactivation of hepatitis B virus during immunosuppressive therapy is a major concern and adequate screening and vaccination is warranted. The approach to a patient with IBD who presents with abnormal liver chemistries can be challenging not only because 2 or more conditions can co-exist but also because management must be individualized.
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Yagai T, Miyajima A, Tanaka M. Semaphorin 3E secreted by damaged hepatocytes regulates the sinusoidal regeneration and liver fibrosis during liver regeneration. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2014; 184:2250-9. [PMID: 24930441 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The liver has a remarkable capacity to regenerate after injury. Although the regulatory mechanisms of hepatocytic regeneration have been a subject of intense study, the dynamism of the sinusoids, specialized blood vessels in the liver, remains largely unknown. Transient activation of hepatic stellate cells and hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells, which constitute the sinusoids, contributes to liver regeneration during acute injury, whereas their sustained activation causes liver fibrosis during chronic injury. We focused on understanding the association between damaged hepatocytes and sinusoidal regeneration or liver fibrogenesis using a carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury mouse model. Damaged hepatocytes rapidly expressed semaphorin 3E (Sema3e), which induced contraction of sinusoidal endothelial cells and thereby contributed to activating hepatic stellate cells for wound healing. In addition, ectopic and consecutive expression of Sema3e in hepatocytes by the hydrodynamic tail-vein injection method resulted in disorganized regeneration of sinusoids and sustained activation of hepatic stellate cells. In contrast, liver fibrosis ameliorated in Sema3e-knockout mice compared with wild-type mice in a chronic liver injury model. Our results indicate that Sema3e, secreted by damaged hepatocytes, affects sinusoidal regeneration in a paracrine manner during liver regeneration, suggesting that Sema3e is a novel therapeutic target in liver fibrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Yagai
- Laboratory of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Miyajima
- Laboratory of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minoru Tanaka
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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Czaja AJ. Hepatic inflammation and progressive liver fibrosis in chronic liver disease. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:2515-32. [PMID: 24627588 PMCID: PMC3949261 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i10.2515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver inflammation drives hepatic fibrosis, and current immunosuppressive, anti-inflammatory, and anti-viral therapies can weaken this driver. Hepatic fibrosis is reversed, stabilized, or prevented in 57%-79% of patients by conventional treatment regimens, mainly by their anti-inflammatory actions. Responses, however, are commonly incomplete and inconsistently achieved. The fibrotic mechanisms associated with liver inflammation have been clarified, and anti-fibrotic agents promise to improve outcomes as adjunctive therapies. Hepatitis C virus and immune-mediated responses can activate hepatic stellate cells by increasing oxidative stress within hepatocytes. Angiotensin can be synthesized by activated hepatic stellate cells and promote the production of reactive oxygen species. Anti-oxidants (N-acetylcysteine, S-adenosyl-L-methionine, and vitamin E) and angiotensin inhibitors (losartin) have had anti-fibrotic actions in preliminary human studies, and they may emerge as supplemental therapies. Anti-fibrotic agents presage a new era of supplemental treatment for chronic liver disease.
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Tanaka H, Yang GX, Iwakoshi N, Knechtle SJ, Kawata K, Tsuneyama K, Leung P, Coppel RL, Ansari AA, Joh T, Bowlus C, Gershwin ME. Anti-CD40 ligand monoclonal antibody delays the progression of murine autoimmune cholangitis. Clin Exp Immunol 2014; 174:364-71. [PMID: 23981074 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
While there have been significant advances in our understanding of the autoimmune responses and the molecular nature of the target autoantigens in primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), unfortunately these data have yet to be translated into new therapeutic agents. We have taken advantage of a unique murine model of autoimmune cholangitis in which mice expressing a dominant negative form of transforming growth factor β receptor II (dnTGFβRII), under the control of the CD4 promoter, develop an intense autoimmune cholangitis associated with serological features similar to human PBC. CD40-CD40 ligand (CD40L) is a major receptor-ligand pair that provides key signals between cells of the adaptive immune system, prompting us to determine the therapeutic potential of treating autoimmune cholangitis with anti-CD40L antibody (anti-CD40L; MR-1). Four-week-old dnTGFβRII mice were injected intraperitoneally with either anti-CD40L or control immunoglobulin (Ig)G at days 0, 2, 4 and 7 and then weekly until 12 or 24 weeks of age and monitored for the progress of serological and histological features of PBC, including rigorous definition of liver cellular infiltrates and cytokine production. Administration of anti-CD40L reduced liver inflammation significantly to 12 weeks of age. In addition, anti-CD40L initially lowered the levels of anti-mitochondrial autoantibodies (AMA), but these reductions were not sustained. These data indicate that anti-CD40L delays autoimmune cholangitis, but the effect wanes over time. Further dissection of the mechanisms involved, and defining the events that lead to the reduction in therapeutic effectiveness will be critical to determining whether such efforts can be applied to PBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tanaka
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
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16
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Mayer CT, Tian L, Hesse C, Kühl AA, Swallow M, Kruse F, Thiele M, Gershwin ME, Liston A, Sparwasser T. Anti-CD4 treatment inhibits autoimmunity in scurfy mice through the attenuation of co-stimulatory signals. J Autoimmun 2013; 50:23-32. [PMID: 24075450 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2013.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A major concept in autoimmunity is that disruption of Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) predisposes to breach of tolerance. This is exemplified by the Foxp3-linked disorder termed IPEX (immunodysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked) which affects newborn children. There has been considerable clinical interest in the role of non-depleting anti-CD4 antibodies as a means of upregulating the function of Foxp3(+) Tregs in order to control detrimental inflammatory responses such as transplant rejection. However, according to the paradigm of a Treg-dependent mechanism of action, the effectiveness of anti-CD4 antibodies as a therapy for human autoimmune diseases is unclear considering that Treg function might be intrinsically impaired. Specifically, anti-CD4 therapy is expected to fail in patients suffering from the IPEX syndrome due to the lack of functional Foxp3(+) Tregs. Taking advantage of natural Foxp3 mutant scurfy (sf) mice closely resembling the IPEX syndrome, and genetically engineered mice depleted of Foxp3(+) Tregs, we report here that anti-CD4 treatment induces tolerance independent of Foxp3(+) Tregs. This so far undefined mechanism is dependent on the recessive non-infectious tolerization of autoreactive T cells. Treg-independent tolerance alone is powerful enough to suppress both the onset and severity of autoimmunity and reduces clinically relevant autoantibody levels and liver fibrosis. Mechanistically, tolerance induction requires the concomitant activation of autoreactive T cells and is associated with the down-regulation of the co-stimulatory TNF-receptor superfamily members OX40 and CD30 sustaining CD4(+) T cell survival. In the light of ongoing clinical trials, our results highlight an unexpected potency of anti-CD4 antibodies for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Particularly, CD4 blockade might represent a novel therapeutic option for the human IPEX syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Mayer
- Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 7, 30625 Hannover, Germany(1)
| | - L Tian
- Autoimmune Genetics Laboratory, VIB, Campus Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - C Hesse
- Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 7, 30625 Hannover, Germany(1)
| | - A A Kühl
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, D-12200 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Swallow
- Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 7, 30625 Hannover, Germany(1)
| | - F Kruse
- Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 7, 30625 Hannover, Germany(1)
| | - M Thiele
- Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 7, 30625 Hannover, Germany(1)
| | - M E Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis School of Medicine, 451 Health Sciences Drive, Suite 6510, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - A Liston
- Autoimmune Genetics Laboratory, VIB, Campus Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - T Sparwasser
- Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 7, 30625 Hannover, Germany(1).
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Selmi C, Gershwin ME. The long-term marriage between autoimmunity and internal medicine: a homage to Manuel Carlos Dias. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2013; 43:207-10. [PMID: 22826113 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-012-8333-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of autoimmune diseases results from the perfect combination of basic and clinical scientific research, and the figure that is closest to the proposed autoimmunology specialist is certainly the internist. The role of B cells in rheumatoid arthritis, the immunological mechanisms to fibrosis or to tissue specific damage, the classification of Bechet's syndrome, the clinical outcomes of antiphospholid syndrome, and new biomarkers for vascular complications in systemic sclerosis constitute, among others, are ideal examples of this combination. For these reason, this issue includes comprehensive reviews in all these areas and is dedicated to Dr. Manuel Carlos Dias and his career in the perfectioning and teaching of the clinical skills necessary to manage autoimmune disease. We are convinced that these discussions are likely of interest to basic scientists and clinicians alike for the proposed translational applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Selmi
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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18
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Ouyang X, Ghani A, Mehal WZ. Inflammasome biology in fibrogenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2013; 1832:979-88. [PMID: 23562491 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pathogens and sterile insults both result in an inflammatory response. A significant part of this response is mediated by cytosolic machinery termed as the inflammasome which results in the activation and secretion of the cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18. Both of these are known to result in the activation of an acute inflammatory response, resulting in the production of downstream inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), chemotaxis of immune cells, and induction of tissue injury. Surprisingly this very acute inflammatory pathway is also vital for the development of a full fibrogenic response in a number of organs including the lung, liver, and skin. There is evidence for the inflammasome having a direct role on tissue specific matrix producing cells such as the liver stellate cell, and also indirectly through the activation of resident tissue macrophage populations. The inflammasome requires stimulation of two pathways for full activation, and initiating stimuli include Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), particulates, and oxidative stress. Such a role for an acute inflammatory pathway in fibrosis runs counter to the prevailing association of TGF-β driven anti-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic pathways. This identifies new therapeutic targets which have the potential to simultaneously decrease inflammation, tissue injury and fibrosis. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Fibrosis: Translation of basic research to human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinshou Ouyang
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; West Haven Veterans Medical Center, New Haven, CT, USA
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Abstract
The cytosolic sulfotransferases (SULTs) are a multigene family of enzymes that catalyze the transfer of a sulfonate group from the physiologic sulfate donor, 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate, to a nucleophilic substrate to generate a polar product that is more amenable to elimination from the body. As catalysts of both xenobiotic and endogenous metabolism, the SULTs are major points of contact between the external and physiological environments, and modulation of SULT-catalyzed metabolism can not only affect xenobiotic disposition, but it can also alter endogenous metabolic processes. Therefore, it is not surprising that SULT expression is regulated by numerous members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily that function as sensors of xenobiotics as well as endogenous molecules, such as fatty acids, bile acids, and oxysterols. These NRs include the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, pregnane X receptor, constitutive androstane receptor, vitamin D receptor, liver X receptors, farnesoid X receptor, retinoid-related orphan receptors, and estrogen-related receptors. This review summarizes current information about NR regulation of SULT expression. Because species differences in SULT subfamily composition and tissue-, sex-, development-, and inducer-dependent regulation are prominent, these differences will be emphasized throughout the review. In addition, because of the central role of the SULTs in cellular physiology, the effect of NR-mediated SULT regulation on physiological and pathophysiological processes will be discussed. Gaps in current knowledge that require further investigation are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Runge-Morris
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA.
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Vassiliadis E, Veidal SS, Hansen C, Karsdal MA, Leeming DJ. Circulating levels of a collagen type v propeptide fragment in a carbon tetrachloride reversible model of liver fibrosis. Biomark Insights 2012; 7:159-66. [PMID: 23440040 PMCID: PMC3572874 DOI: 10.4137/bmi.s10975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To measure levels of the collagen V formation marker CO5-1230 during liver fibrosis progression and regression. Methods: Monoclonal antibodies were raised against the sequence TAALGDIMGH located at the start of the C-terminal propeptide between amino acid position 1230′ and 1239′ (CO5-1230). An assay developed using the biotin-streptavidin system was evaluated in a rat reversible model of fibrosis. Animals were treated for duration of 4, 6 and 8 weeks. Animals that were treated for 8 weeks were left to regress for a period of 14, 20 and 26 weeks. Results: Mean CO5-1230 level for control animals was found to be 8.7 ng/mL. CO5-1230 marker levels, at termination points, for CCl4 treated animals was be 8.7 ng/mL at 4 weeks (P < 0.05, ROC: 0.83), 11.4 ng/mL at 6 weeks (P < 0.001, ROC: 0.93) and 10.8 ng/mL at 8 weeks (P < 0.05, ROC: 0.82). During regression phase, marker levels were statistically significantly decreased when compared with the marker levels at 8 weeks of treatment. Marker levels were found to be 5.9 ng/mL (P < 0.001, ROC: 0.8) after 14 weeks of regression, 3.9 ng/mL (P < 0.001, ROC: 0.95) after 20 weeks and 4.5 ng/mL (P < 0.001, ROC: 0.97) after 26 weeks of regression. Conclusions: The data indicates that CO5-1230 levels are statistically significantly increased when CCl4 intoxication stimulus is applied in all treatment time points. CO5-1230 levels return back to control levels when the stimulus is removed. The above finding adds to our previous evaluation of the marker and suggests that CO5-1230 may be a promising potential marker for liver fibrosis staging and monitoring in both disease progression and regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Vassiliadis
- Nordic Bioscience A/S, Herlev, Denmark. ; University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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