1
|
Costa AR, Dieter C, Canani LH, Assmann TS, Crispim D. The rs1800469 T/T and rs1800470 C/C genotypes of the TGFB1 gene confer protection against diabetic retinopathy in a Southern Brazilian population. Genet Mol Biol 2023; 46:e20220247. [PMID: 37418683 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2022-0247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFB1) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays a key role in the mechanisms of angiogenesis and breakdown of the blood-retina barrier, which are implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Polymorphisms in the TGFB1 gene have been associated with DR; however, results are still contradictory. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the potential association between two TGFB1 polymorphisms and DR. This study included 992 patients with diabetes mellitus (DM): 546 patients with DR (cases) and 446 patients without DR and with ≥10 years of DM (controls). The TGFB1 rs1800469 and rs1800470 polymorphisms were genotyped by real-time PCR. Frequency of rs1800469 T/T genotype was higher in controls compared to DR cases (18.3% vs. 12.7%, P= 0.022). This genotype remained associated with protection for DR, adjusting for covariables (OR= 0.604; 95% CI 0.395 - 0.923; P= 0.020, recessive model). The rs1800470 C/C genotype was observed in 25.4% of the controls and 18.0% of the cases (P= 0.015); thus, being associated with protection against DR under the recessive model (OR= 0.589; 95% CI 0.405 - 0.857; P= 0.006), adjusting for covariables. In conclusion, the TGFB1 rs1800469 and rs1800470 polymorphisms are associated with protection against DR in DM patients from Southern Brazil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aline Rodrigues Costa
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Serviço de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas: Endocrinologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristine Dieter
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Serviço de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas: Endocrinologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luís Henrique Canani
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Serviço de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas: Endocrinologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Taís Silveira Assmann
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Serviço de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas: Endocrinologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Daisy Crispim
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Serviço de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas: Endocrinologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Saracyn M, Kisiel B, Franaszczyk M, Brodowska-Kania D, Żmudzki W, Małecki R, Niemczyk L, Dyrla P, Kamiński G, Płoski R, Niemczyk S. Diabetic kidney disease: Are the reported associations with single-nucleotide polymorphisms disease-specific? World J Diabetes 2021; 12:1765-1777. [PMID: 34754377 PMCID: PMC8554375 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i10.1765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genetic backgrounds of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) have not been fully elucidated. AIM To examine the individual and cumulative effects of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) previously associated with DKD on the risk for ESKD of diabetic etiology and to determine if any associations observed were specific for DKD. METHODS Fourteen SNPs were genotyped in hemodialyzed 136 patients with diabetic ESKD (DKD group) and 121 patients with non-diabetic ESKD (NDKD group). Patients were also re-classified on the basis of the primary cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The distribution of alleles was compared between diabetic and non-diabetic groups as well as between different sub-phenotypes. The weighted multilocus genetic risk score (GRS) was calculated to estimate the cumulative risk conferred by all SNPs. The GRS distribution was then compared between the DKD and NDKD groups as well as in the groups according to the primary cause of CKD. RESULTS One SNP (rs841853; SLC2A1) showed a nominal association with DKD (P = 0.048; P > 0.05 after Bonferroni correction). The GRS was higher in the DKD group (0.615 ± 0.260) than in the NDKD group (0.590 ± 0.253), but the difference was not significant (P = 0.46). The analysis of associations between GRS and individual factors did not show any significant correlation. However, the GRS was significantly higher in patients with glomerular disease than in those with tubulointerstitial disease (P = 0.014) and in those with a combined group (tubulointerstitial, vascular, and cystic and congenital disease) (P = 0.018). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that selected SNPs that were previously associated with DKD may not be specific for DKD and may confer risk for CKD of different etiology, particularly those affecting renal glomeruli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marek Saracyn
- Department of Internal Diseases, Nephrology and Dialysis, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw 04-141, Poland
- Department of Endocrinology and Isotope Therapy, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw 04-141, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Kisiel
- Clinical Research Support Center, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw 04-141, Poland
| | - Maria Franaszczyk
- Department of Medical Biology, Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw 04-628, Poland
| | - Dorota Brodowska-Kania
- Department of Internal Diseases, Nephrology and Dialysis, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw 04-141, Poland
- Department of Endocrinology and Isotope Therapy, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw 04-141, Poland
| | - Wawrzyniec Żmudzki
- Department of Internal Diseases, Nephrology and Dialysis, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw 04-141, Poland
| | - Robert Małecki
- Department of Nephrology, Międzyleski Specialist Hospital in Warsaw, Warsaw 04-749, Poland
| | - Longin Niemczyk
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Internal Diseases, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw 02-097, Poland
| | - Przemysław Dyrla
- Department of Gastroenterology, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw 04-141, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Kamiński
- Department of Endocrinology and Isotope Therapy, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw 04-141, Poland
| | - Rafał Płoski
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw 02-106, Poland
| | - Stanisław Niemczyk
- Department of Internal Diseases, Nephrology and Dialysis, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw 04-141, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhou T, Li HY, Zhong H, Zhong Z. Relationship between transforming growth factor-β1 and type 2 diabetic nephropathy risk in Chinese population. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2018; 19:201. [PMID: 30458730 PMCID: PMC6247505 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-018-0717-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM) is divided into four different etiological categories: type 1 DM (T1DM), type 2 DM (T2DM), other specific types, and gestational DM. One severe complication of T2DM is type 2 diabetic nephropathy (T2DN). The possible association of serum transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) levels and the TGF-β1 T869C gene polymorphism with patient susceptibility to T2DN in Chinese population is unclear at present. This study was conducted to assess these relationships in Chinese population by a meta-analysis. METHODS Association reports were searched and pulled from the Cochrane Library, the China Biological Medicine Database (CBM), and PubMed on March 1, 2018, and eligible studies were selected and used for calculations. The results were expressed as weighted mean differences (MD) for continuous data. Odds ratios (OR) were used to express the results for dichotomous data. Additionally, 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. RESULTS Forty-eight reports for the relationship between serum TGF-β1 levels and the risk of T2DN and 13 studies on the association of the TGF-β1 T869C gene polymorphism with susceptibility to T2DN in Chinese population were retrieved from this study. Serum TGF-β1 levels in the T2DM group were higher than those in the normal control group (MD = 17.30, 95% CI: 12.69-21.92, P < 0.00001). The serum TGF-β1 level in the T2DN group was significantly higher than that in the normal control group (MD = 70.03, 95% CI: 60.81-79.26, P < 0.00001;). The serum TGF-β1 level in the T2DN group was significantly higher than that in the T2DM group (MD = 56.18, 95% CI: 46.96-65.39, P < 0.00001). Serum TGF-β1 levels in T2DM patients with microalbuminuria were increased when compared with those in T2DM patients with normoalbuminuria. Furthermore, serum TGF-β1 levels in T2DM patients with macroalbuminuria were increased when compared with those in T2DM patients with microalbuminuria. The TGF-β1 T allele, TT allele and CC genotype were associated with T2DN susceptibility in Chinese population (T: OR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.59-0.92, P = 0.007; TT: OR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.31-0.96, P = 0.04; CC: OR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.14-1.67, P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS High levels of TGF-β1 are associated with susceptibility to T2DM, T2DN and the progression of proteinuria in T2DN patients in Chinese population. Further, the TGF-β1 T allele, and TT genotype were protective factors against the onset of T2DN and CC genotype was a risk factor for the susceptibility of T2DN in Chinese populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianbiao Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No 69 Dongsha Road, Shantou, 515041 China
| | - Hong-Yan Li
- Department of Nephrology, Huadu District People’s Hospital of Guangzhou, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510800 China
| | - Hongzhen Zhong
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No 69 Dongsha Road, Shantou, 515041 China
| | - Zhiqing Zhong
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No 69 Dongsha Road, Shantou, 515041 China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wei L, Xiao Y, Li L, Xiong X, Han Y, Zhu X, Sun L. The Susceptibility Genes in Diabetic Nephropathy. KIDNEY DISEASES 2018; 4:226-237. [PMID: 30574499 DOI: 10.1159/000492633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) poses a severe threat to global public health. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most common complications of diabetes and the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Approximately 30-40% of DM patients in the world progress to ESRD, which emphasizes the effect of genetic factors on DN. Family clustering also supports the important role of hereditary factors in DN and ESRD. Therefore, a large number of genetic studies have been carried out to identify susceptibility genes in different diabetic cohorts. Extensive susceptibility genes of DN and ESRD have not been identified until recently. Summary and Key Messages Some of these associated genes function as pivotal regulators in the pathogenesis of DN, such as those related to glycometabolism and lipid metabolism. However, the functions of most of these genes remain unclear. In this article, we review several susceptibility genes according to their genetic functions to make it easier to determine their exact effect on DN and to provide a better understanding of the advancements from genetic studies. However, several challenges associated with investigating the genetic factors of DN still exist. For instance, it is difficult to determine whether these variants affect the expression of the protein they encode or other cytokines. More efforts should be made to determine how these genes influence the progression of DN. In addition, many results could not be replicated among races, suggesting that the association between genetic polymorphisms and DN is race-specific. Therefore, large, well-designed studies involving more relevant variables and ethnic groups and more relevant functional studies are urgently needed. These studies may be beneficial and retard the progression of DN by early intervention, especially for patients who carry certain risk alleles or genotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wei
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaofen Xiong
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yachun Han
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuejing Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yoo KH, Yim HE, Bae ES, Hong YS. Genetic Contributions to Childhood Obesity: Association of Candidate Gene Polymorphisms and Overweight/Obesity in Korean Preschool Children. J Korean Med Sci 2017; 32:1997-2004. [PMID: 29115082 PMCID: PMC5680499 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2017.32.12.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed to investigate the association of candidate gene polymorphisms and obesity or overweight in young Korean children. A total of 190 Korean preschool children (96 control, 48 overweight, and 46 obese children) were genotyped for the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) insertion (I)/deletion (D), angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2) C3123A, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 T869C, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) T460C, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α G308A polymorphisms. No differences were found among the groups with respect to age, sex, birth weight, blood pressure levels, and serum concentrations of glucose and total cholesterol. Obese children showed a higher incidence of ACE DD genotype and D allelic frequency compared to the controls (odds ratio [OR], 2.7, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-7.21; OR, 2.5, 95% CI, 1.49-4.19; all P < 0.05). The frequency of TC genotype and C allele in the TGF-β1 T869C polymorphism (OR, 2.08, 95% CI, 1.01-4.27; OR, 1.93, 95% CI, 1.15-3.21) and that in the VEGF T460C polymorphism (OR, 2.5, 95% CI, 1.19-5.28; OR, 2.15, 95% CI, 1.26-3.68) was also higher in obese children than in control subjects (all P < 0.05). Overweight children exhibited a higher frequency of the A allele in the AT2 C3123A polymorphism compared to the controls (OR, 1.72, 95% CI, 1.03-2.88, P < 0.05). There were no differences in the TNF-α G308A polymorphism among the groups. The ACE I/D, AT2 C3123A, TGF-β1 T869C, and VEGF T460C polymorphisms can affect susceptibility to obesity or overweight in Korean children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kee Hwan Yoo
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Hyung Eun Yim
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea.
| | - Eun Soo Bae
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Young Sook Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Park JH, Li L, Baek KH. Study of the association of the T869C polymorphism of the transforming growth factor-β1 gene with polycystic ovary syndrome. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:4560-4565. [PMID: 26059110 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common multifactorial disorder characterized by hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance and chronic oligoanovulation. In addition, a number of females with PCOS have ovaries with multiple cysts, an irregular or no menstrual cycle and an imbalance of female hormones compared with normal controls. The transforming growth factor β1 (TGF‑β1) gene is one of the genes associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes, which are characteristic symptoms of PCOS. The present study, therefore, investigated the association between the T869C polymorphism of the TGF‑β1 gene, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of TGF‑β1 and PCOS. The genomic DNA from 285 patients with PCOS and 129 healthy control individuals was used in the present study. P<0.05 was considered to indicate a statistically significant difference between the groups. The present study findings suggested that the frequency of genotypes provided no significant association between the T869C polymorphism in the TGF‑β1 gene and patients with PCOS. Although the present study concluded that the T869C polymorphism in the TGF‑β1 gene is not associated with the pathogenesis of PCOS, further studies regarding the correlation between other SNPs of the TGF‑β1 gene and PCOS are required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hyun Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Bundang CHA Hospital, Seongnam‑Si, Gyeonggi‑Do 463‑840, Republic of Korea
| | - Lan Li
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Bundang CHA Hospital, Seongnam‑Si, Gyeonggi‑Do 463‑840, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyun Baek
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Bundang CHA Hospital, Seongnam‑Si, Gyeonggi‑Do 463‑840, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Arrieta-Bolaños E, Madrigal JA, Shaw BE. Novel alleles of the transforming growth factor β-1 regulatory region and exon 1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 85:484-91. [PMID: 25808355 DOI: 10.1111/tan.12555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β-1, encoded by the TGFB1 gene, is a cytokine that plays a central role in many physiologic and pathogenic processes with pleiotropic effects. Regulatory activity for this gene has been shown for 3.0 kb between positions -2665 and +423 from its translational start site. At least 17 TGFB1 regulatory region and exon 1 alleles have been defined on the basis of 18 polymorphic sites. Polymorphisms in TGFB1's regulatory region have been associated with differential levels of expression of this cytokine and to genetic risk in cancer and transplantation. In this report, we present 19 novel TGFB1 regulatory region and exon 1 alleles: p018-p036. Amplification of TGFB1's regulatory region was performed with an in-house protocol, and novel alleles were defined by either allele-specific amplification and/or molecular cloning of the amplicons, followed by sequencing in isolation. Three of these novel alleles (p018, p019, and p020) are shown to be formed by novel combinations of the aforementioned known polymorphic positions. Another 16 novel alleles are shown to carry additional known and unknown single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Polymorphism in TGFB1's regulatory region could have an impact on important processes, including embryogenesis, hematopoiesis, carcinogenesis, angiogenesis, fibrosis, immune responses, and transplantation, making its characterization necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Arrieta-Bolaños
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK; Cancer Institute, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London, UK; Centro de Investigaciones en Hematología y Trastornos Afines (CIHATA), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhou TB, Jiang ZP, Qin YH, Drummen GPC. Association of transforming growth factor-β1 T869C gene polymorphism with diabetic nephropathy risk. Nephrology (Carlton) 2014; 19:107-15. [PMID: 24428217 DOI: 10.1111/nep.12176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM A possible association between the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) T869C gene polymorphism and the risk of developing diabetic nephropathy (DN) remains unclear. This investigation was performed to assess if an association between the TGF-β1 T869C gene polymorphism and DN risk exists by using meta-analysis to combine comparable studies, thereby increasing sample size and statistical significance, and to identify patterns in various studies. METHODS The association reports were identified from PubMed, Cochrane Library, and CBM-disc (China Biological Medicine Database) on 1 May 2013, and eligible studies were recruited and synthesized. RESULTS Fifty reports were recruited into this meta-analysis for the association of the TGF-β1 T869C gene polymorphism with DN risk. The TT genotype in the overall population was shown to be associated with DN risk (odds ratio (OR) = 0.74, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.56-0.98, P = 0.04). In the sub-group analysis, CC genotype was associated with DN risk in Asians, Caucasians, and Africans. However, the sample size for Caucasians and Africans was relatively small. Furthermore, T allele was distinctly associated with the risk of developing DN in the Asian population (OR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.62-0.92, P = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS The TT genotype of TGF-β1 T869C in the overall population was associated with DN risk, whereas the CC genotype and T allele were distinctly associated with DN risk in the Asian population. Nonetheless, additional studies are required to firmly establish a correlation between the aforementioned polymorphism and DN risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Biao Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated that chronic and low-grade inflammation is closely linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus. The associated mechanisms are related to synthesis and release of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, mainly by the adipose tissue. Moreover, there are evidences that cytokines and adhesion molecules are important for development of diabetic nephropathy. Among the cytokines associated with inflammatory responses in type 2 diabetes mellitus, the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) has been recognized as a central player in the diabetic nephropathy being involved in the development of glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis, as observed in the course of end-stage renal disease. Although TGF-β1 is classically an anti-inflammatory immune mediator it has been shown that in the presence of IL-6, which increases before the onset of T2D, TGF-β1 favors the differentiation of T helper 17 (Th17) cells that are activated in many pro-inflammatory conditions. Since TGF-β1 mRNA and consequently serum TGF-β1 levels are under genetic control, this review aims to discuss the relationship of TGF-β1 levels and polymorphisms in the development of nephropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang J, Guan YL, Xiao Y, Zhang XW. A meta-analysis of the association of G915C, G800A, C509T gene polymorphism of transforming growth factor-β1 with diabetic nephropathy risk. Ren Fail 2013; 36:321-6. [PMID: 24060183 DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2013.832320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the association of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) G915C, G800A, C509T gene polymorphism with the risk of diabetic nephropathy (DN). The association literatures were identified from PubMed, Cochrane Library, and CBM-disc (China Biological Medicine Database) on March 1, 2013, and eligible reports were recruited and synthesized. Seven reports were recruited into this meta-analysis for the association of TGF-β1 G800A, C509T, G915C gene polymorphism with DN risk. GG genotype, CC genotype, and C allele of TGF-β1 G915C were not associated with the DN risk (GG: OR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.62-1.14, p = 0.27; CC: OR = 1.05, 95% CI: 0.50-2.22, p = 0.90; C allele: OR = 1.16, 95% CI: 0.88-1.51, p = 0.29). Furthermore, TGF-β1 G800A, C509T gene polymorphism was not associated with the DN risk. In conclusion, TGF-β1 G915C, G800A, and C509T gene polymorphism are not associated with the DN risk. However, more studies should be performed to confirm this relationship in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Central Hospital of People's Liberation Army , Zhengzhou , China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Fu WJ, Fang YG, Deng RT, Wen S, Chen ML, Huang ZH, Tang HH, Xiong SL, Huang XZ, Wang Q. Correlation of high urinary Smad1 level with glomerular hyperfiltration in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Endocrine 2013; 43:346-50. [PMID: 22798249 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-012-9741-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2012] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between urinary Smad1 and glomerular hyperfiltration (GHF) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and to explore the factors related to the urinary Smad1 in T2DM. The reference value of the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was determined in 248 healthy individuals. 30 patients with GHF, 58 patients with norm-GFR T2DM, and 24 healthy patients who served as controls were recruited. Urinary Smad1, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting serum C-Peptide (C-P), hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c), cystatin C, and other chemistry laboratory parameters of T2DM participants and controls were measured. Patients with GHF had higher levels of urinary Smad1 than the control group, and those with norm-GFR. For T2DM patients with body mass index, age, and gender adjustments, urinary Smad1 was positively correlated with FPG, HbA1C, and eGFR, but negatively correlated with fasting serum C-P. Multivariate linear regression analysis demonstrated that eGFR, HbA1C, and fasting serum C-P were independently associated with urinary Smad1. High levels of urinary Smad1 were found in GHF patients with T2DM, which may be another potential mechanism of GHF in relation to diabetic nephropathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jin Fu
- Department of Laboratory, Affiliated Houjie Hospital, Guangdong Medical College, 523945, Dongguan, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
El-Sherbini SM, Shahen SM, Mosaad YM, Abdelgawad MS, Talaat RM. Gene polymorphism of transforming growth factor-β1 in Egyptian patients with type 2 diabetes and diabetic nephropathy. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2013; 45:330-8. [PMID: 23399816 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmt003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Role of the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) gene polymorphisms located at codons 10 and 25 in the genetic predisposition to type 2 diabetes (T2D) and in diabetic nephropathy (DN) in Egyptian patients was investigated. A case control study was done for 99 unrelated Egyptian patients with T2D (50 DN(-) and 49 DN(+)) and 98 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. TGF-β1 T869C (codon 10) and G915C (codon 25) polymorphism detection was done by amplification refractory mutation system method. DN(+) patients were younger, with higher body mass index, serum triglycerides, serum creatinine, and lower serum albumin than those in DN(-) patients. Moderate and bad grades of diabetic control were associated with DN (P < 0.001). The TGF-β1 (T869C) C allele, TC and TC + CC genotypes were significantly higher in patients; the T allele and TT genotype were significantly higher in controls (Pc < 0.001). The TGF-β1 TC genotype was associated with DN (Pc < 0.05). Non-significant differences were detected between T2D patients and controls in the frequencies of TGF-β1 (G915C) alleles and genotypes. In conclusion, these preliminary data showed that the TGF-β1 codon 10 C allele, and C allele-containing genotypes may be susceptible, and T allele/TT genotype may be protective factors for T2D and DN(+) complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sherif M El-Sherbini
- Molecular Immunology, Molecular Biology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), Menofia University, Menofia 22857, Egypt
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Li JY, Tan YZ, Feng GY, He L, Zhou LG, Lu H. [Advances of genetics in diabetic nephropathy]. YI CHUAN = HEREDITAS 2012; 34:1537-44. [PMID: 23262100 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1005.2012.01537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most serious chronic complications of diabetes mellitus. The observed incidence patterns in different ethnics and familial clustering have suggested that the genetic factor plays an important role in the development and progression of DN. This paper reviews the recent advances on genetics of DN, including candidate genes association studies, linkage studies and genome-wide association studies (GWASs). Candidate genes association studies and meta-analysis showed that a few candidate genes have been reproducibly associated with DN, such as ACE, AGT and PPARG genes. Linkage studies and genome-wide linkage studies have also identified susceptibility chromosomal loci. With the development of high-throughput sequencing and chip techniques, GWAS has become an important strategy to identify variants responsible for DN. The genetic factor has been the significant contribution to the pathobiology of DN. However, it is not the only cause of the pathobiology of DN, because the environment factor also influences the pathobiology of DN. Nonetheless, genetic studies may provide valuable information for the pathobiology of nephropathy and potential targets of its treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yan Li
- Diabetes Research Institute, Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medice, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Arrieta-Bolaños E, Alejandro Madrigal J, Shaw BE. Transforming growth factor-β1 polymorphisms and the outcome of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Int J Immunogenet 2012; 39:192-202. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313x.2012.01089.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|