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Xie J, Yan J, Ji K, Guo Y, Xu S, Shen D, Li C, Gao H, Zhao L. Fibroblast growth factor 21 enhances learning and memory performance in mice by regulating hippocampal L-lactate homeostasis. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 271:132667. [PMID: 38801850 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is one endogenous metabolic molecule that functions as a regulator in glucose and lipid homeostasis. However, the effect of FGF21 on L-lactate homeostasis and its mechanism remains unclear until now. Forty-five Six-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were divided into three groups: control, L-lactate, and FGF21 (1.5 mg/kg) groups. At the end of the treatment, nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics, and key proteins related to L-lactate homeostasis were determined respectively to evaluate the efficacy of FGF21 and its mechanisms. The results showed that, compared to the vehicle group, the L-lactate-treated mice displayed learning and memory performance impairments, as well as reduced hippocampal ATP and NADH levels, but increased oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis, which suggesting inhibited L-lactate-pyruvate conversion in the brain. Conversely, FGF21 treatment ameliorated the L-lactate accumulation state, accompanied by restoration of the learning and memory defects, indicating enhanced L-lactate uptake and utilization in hippocampal neurons. We demonstrated that maintaining constant L-lactate-pyruvate flux is essential for preserving neuronal bioenergetic and redox levels. FGF21 contributed to preparing the brain for situations of high availability of L-lactate, thus preventing neuronal vulnerability in metabolic reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Drugs and Large-scale Manufacturing, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiapin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Drugs and Large-scale Manufacturing, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Keru Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Drugs and Large-scale Manufacturing, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuejun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Drugs and Large-scale Manufacturing, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sibei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Drugs and Large-scale Manufacturing, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Danjie Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Drugs and Large-scale Manufacturing, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Drugs and Large-scale Manufacturing, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongchang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Drugs and Large-scale Manufacturing, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China; Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Liangcai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Drugs and Large-scale Manufacturing, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China.
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Zeljkovic Jovanovic M, Stanojevic J, Stevanovic I, Stekic A, Bolland SJ, Jasnic N, Ninkovic M, Zaric Kontic M, Ilic TV, Rodger J, Nedeljkovic N, Dragic M. Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation Improves Motor and Behavioral Dysfunction through Modulation of NMDA Receptor Subunit Composition in Experimental Model of Parkinson's Disease. Cells 2023; 12:1525. [PMID: 37296646 PMCID: PMC10252812 DOI: 10.3390/cells12111525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive degeneration of the dopaminergic system, leading to a variety of motor and nonmotor symptoms. The currently available symptomatic therapy loses efficacy over time, indicating the need for new therapeutic approaches. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has emerged as one of the potential candidates for PD therapy. Intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS), an excitatory protocol of rTMS, has been shown to be beneficial in several animal models of neurodegeneration, including PD. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of prolonged iTBS on motor performance and behavior and the possible association with changes in the NMDAR subunit composition in the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced experimental model of PD. Two-month-old male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: controls, 6-OHDA rats, 6-OHDA + iTBS protocol (two times/day/three weeks) and the sham group. The therapeutic effect of iTBS was evaluated by examining motor coordination, balance, spontaneous forelimb use, exploratory behavior, anxiety-like, depressive/anhedonic-like behavior and short-term memory, histopathological changes and changes at the molecular level. We demonstrated the positive effects of iTBS at both motor and behavioral levels. In addition, the beneficial effects were reflected in reduced degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and a subsequent increase in the level of DA in the caudoputamen. Finally, iTBS altered protein expression and NMDAR subunit composition, suggesting a sustained effect. Applied early in the disease course, the iTBS protocol may be a promising candidate for early-stage PD therapy, affecting motor and nonmotor deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Zeljkovic Jovanovic
- Laboratory for Neurobiology, Department for General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Stanojevic
- Institute for Medical Research, Military Medical Academy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Stevanovic
- Institute for Medical Research, Military Medical Academy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Medical Faculty of Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Andjela Stekic
- Laboratory for Neurobiology, Department for General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Samuel J. Bolland
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Nebojsa Jasnic
- Department for Comparative Physiology and Ecophysiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Ninkovic
- Institute for Medical Research, Military Medical Academy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Medical Faculty of Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marina Zaric Kontic
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tihomir V. Ilic
- Medical Faculty of Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jennifer Rodger
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Nadezda Nedeljkovic
- Laboratory for Neurobiology, Department for General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milorad Dragic
- Laboratory for Neurobiology, Department for General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Dubey R, Sinha N, Jagannathan NR. Potential of in vitro nuclear magnetic resonance of biofluids and tissues in clinical research. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 36:e4686. [PMID: 34970810 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Body fluids, cells, and tissues contain a wide variety of metabolites that consist of a mixture of various low-molecular-weight compounds, including amino acids, peptides, lipids, nucleic acids, and organic acids, which makes comprehensive analysis more difficult. Quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a well-established analytical technique for analyzing the metabolic profiles of body fluids, cells, and tissues. It enables fast and comprehensive detection, characterization, a high level of experimental reproducibility, minimal sample preparation, and quantification of various endogenous metabolites. In recent times, NMR-based metabolomics has been appreciably utilized in diverse branches of medicine, including microbiology, toxicology, pathophysiology, pharmacology, nutritional intervention, and disease diagnosis/prognosis. In this review, the utility of NMR-based metabolomics in clinical studies is discussed. The significance of in vitro NMR-based metabolomics as an effective tool for detecting metabolites and their variations in different diseases are discussed, together with the possibility of identifying specific biomarkers that can contribute to early detection and diagnosis of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Dubey
- Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Lucknow, India
| | - Neeraj Sinha
- Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Lucknow, India
| | - Naranamangalam R Jagannathan
- Department of Radiology, Chettinad Hospital & Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research & Education, Kelambakkam, India
- Department of Radiology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education & Research, Chennai, India
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute Technology, Madras, Chennai, India
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Effects of Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 on Lactate Uptake and Usage in Mice with Diabetes-Associated Cognitive Decline. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:5656-5672. [PMID: 35761156 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02926-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is an endocrine hormone that exerts beneficial effects on glucose and lipid metabolic homeostasis. However, the impact of FGF21 on type 1 diabetes-associated cognitive decline (DACD) and its mechanisms of action remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of FGF21 on lactate uptake and usage in a mouse model of streptozotocin-induced DACD. Six-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were divided into the control, diabetic, and FGF21 (which received 2 mg/kg recombinant human FGF21) groups. At the end of the treatment period, learning and memory performance, nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabonomics, and expressions of various hippocampal protein were analyzed to determine the efficacy of FGF21. The results showed that compared to the control mice, the diabetic mice had reduced long-term memory performance after the hyperglycemic insult; decreased hippocampal levels of lactate dehydrogenase-B (LDH-B) activity, bioenergy metabolites, and monocarboxylate transporter 2 (MCT2); and increased lactate levels. Impaired phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling was also observed in the diabetic mice. However, FGF21 treatment improved LDH-B activity, β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, and ATP levels, and increased MCT2 expression and PI3K signaling pathway, which in turn improved the learning and memory defects. These findings demonstrated that the effects of FGF21 on DACD were associated with its ability to improve LDH-B-mediated lactate usage and MCT2-dependent lactate uptake. Further, these beneficial effects of FGF21 in the hippocampus were mediated by the PI3K signaling pathways.
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Liu Y, Deng J, Liu Y, Li W, Nie X. FGF, Mechanism of Action, Role in Parkinson's Disease, and Therapeutics. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:675725. [PMID: 34234672 PMCID: PMC8255968 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.675725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease associated with severe disability and adverse effects on life quality. In PD, motor dysfunction can occur, such as quiescence, muscle stiffness, and postural instability. PD is also associated with autonomic nervous dysfunction, sleep disorders, psychiatric symptoms, and other non-motor symptoms. Degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra compact (SNPC), Lewy body, and neuroinflammation are the main pathological features of PD. The death or dysfunction of dopaminergic neurons in the dense part of the substantia nigra leads to dopamine deficiency in the basal ganglia and motor dysfunction. The formation of the Lewy body is associated with the misfolding of α-synuclein, which becomes insoluble and abnormally aggregated. Astrocytes and microglia mainly cause neuroinflammation, and the activation of a variety of pro-inflammatory transcription factors and regulatory proteins leads to the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. At present, PD is mainly treated with drugs that increase dopamine concentration or directly stimulate dopamine receptors. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) is a family of cellular signaling proteins strongly associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as PD. FGF and its receptor (FGFR) play an essential role in the development and maintenance of the nervous system as well as in neuroinflammation and have been shown to improve the survival rate of dopaminergic neurons. This paper summarized the mechanism of FGF and its receptors in the pathological process of PD and related signaling pathways, involving the development and protection of dopaminergic neurons in SNPC, α-synuclein aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammation. It provides a reference for developing drugs to slow down or prevent the potential of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqiu Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Junyu Deng
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Ye Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xuqiang Nie
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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Seger AD, Farrher E, Doppler CEJ, Gogishvili A, Worthoff WA, Filss CP, Barbe MT, Holtbernd F, Shah NJ, Fink GR, Sommerauer M. Putaminal y-Aminobutyric Acid Modulates Motor Response to Dopaminergic Therapy in Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord 2021; 36:2187-2192. [PMID: 34096652 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Motor response to dopaminergic therapy is a characteristic of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Whether nondopaminergic neurotransmitters contribute to treatment response is uncertain. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to determine whether putaminal y-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels are associated with dopaminergic motor response. METHODS We assessed putaminal GABA levels in 19 PD patients and 13 healthy controls (HCs) utilizing ultra-high field proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Motor performance was evaluated using the Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, Part III, in the ON and OFF states. Statistical analysis comprised group comparisons, correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression. RESULTS In PD, GABA levels were significantly higher compared to HCs (1.50 ± 0.26 mM vs. 1.26 ± 0.31 mM, P = 0.022). Furthermore, GABA levels were independent predictors of absolute and relative dopaminergic treatment response. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that elevated putaminal GABA levels are associated with worse dopaminergic response in PD, emphasizing the essential role of nondopaminergic neurotransmitters in motor response. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline D Seger
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Ezequiel Farrher
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, Medical Imaging Physics, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Christopher E J Doppler
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Ana Gogishvili
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, Medical Imaging Physics, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Engineering Physics Department, Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Wieland A Worthoff
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, Medical Imaging Physics, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Christian P Filss
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, Medical Imaging Physics, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Michael T Barbe
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - Florian Holtbernd
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, Medical Imaging Physics, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,JARA-BRAIN-Translational Medicine, Aachen, Germany
| | - N Jon Shah
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, Medical Imaging Physics, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,JARA-BRAIN-Translational Medicine, Aachen, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 11 (INM-11), JARA, Forschungszentrum, Jülich, Germany
| | - Gereon R Fink
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Michael Sommerauer
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
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Toczylowska B, Zieminska E, Michałowska M, Chalimoniuk M, Fiszer U. Changes in the metabolic profiles of the serum and putamen in Parkinson's disease patients - In vitro and in vivo NMR spectroscopy studies. Brain Res 2020; 1748:147118. [PMID: 32931820 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum metabolomic biomarkers and brain in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) biomarkers in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) as well as to investigate compound concentration changes by comparing the results with healthy control subjects. Univariate statistical analysis of the serum showed significant differences in the levels of phenylalanine, tyrosine, lysine, glutamine, glutamate, acetone, acetate, 3-hydroxybutyrate, and 1-monoacylglycerol (1-MAG) between the PD patient group and the control group. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis showed significantly different compound concentrations of acetate, 3-hydroxybutyrate, glutamine, tyrosine, 1-MAG and testosterone. In vivo MRS of the putamen showed significantly higher concentrations of glutamine/glutamate complex and glutamine in patients with PD in comparison to control subjects. Following disrupted metabolic pathways in patients with PD were identified: dopamine synthesis, steroid hormone biosynthesis, fatty acid biosynthesis, the synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies, the metabolism of pyruvate, arginine, proline, alanine, aspartate, glutamate, tyrosine and phenylalanine. The obtained results may indicate changes in neurotransmission, disturbances in energy production and an altered cell membrane structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Toczylowska
- Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, 4 Ks. Trojdena st., 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Zieminska
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego st., 02-109 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Michałowska
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Orlowski Hospital, 241 Czerniakowska st., 00-416 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Chalimoniuk
- Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw Faculty in Biała Podlaska, 2 Akademicka st., 21-500 Biala Podlaska, Poland
| | - Urszula Fiszer
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Orlowski Hospital, 241 Czerniakowska st., 00-416 Warsaw, Poland
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Guarino F, Zinghirino F, Mela L, Pappalardo XG, Ichas F, De Pinto V, Messina A. NRF-1 and HIF-1α contribute to modulation of human VDAC1 gene promoter during starvation and hypoxia in HeLa cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2020; 1861:148289. [PMID: 32810507 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2020.148289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
VDAC (Voltage Dependent Anion Channel) is a family of pore forming protein located in the outer mitochondrial membrane. Its channel property ensures metabolites exchange between mitochondria and the rest of the cell resulting in metabolism and bioenergetics regulation, and in cell death and life switch. VDAC1 is the best characterized and most abundant isoform, and is involved in many pathologies, as cancer or neurodegenerative diseases. However, little information is available about its gene expression regulation in normal and/or pathological conditions. In this work, we explored VDAC1 gene expression regulation in normal conditions and in the contest of some metabolic and energetic mitochondrial dysfunction and cell stress as example. The core of the putative promoter region was characterized in terms of transcription factors responsive elements both by bioinformatic studies and promoter activity experiments. In particular, we found an abundant presence of NRF-1 sites, together with other transcription factors binding sites involved in cell growth, proliferation, development, and we studied their prevalence in gene activity. Furthermore, upon depletion of nutrients or controlled hypoxia, as detected in various pathologies, we found that VDAC1 transcripts levels were significantly increased in a time related manner. VDAC1 promoter activity was also validated by gene reporter assays. According to PCR real-time experiments, it was confirmed that VDAC1 promoter activity is further stimulated when cells are exposed to stress. A bioinformatic survey suggested HIF-1α, besides NRF-1, as a most active TFBS. Their validation was obtained by TFBS mutagenesis and TF overexpression experiments. In conclusion, we experimentally demonstrated the involvement of both NRF-1 and HIF-1α in the regulation of VDAC1 promoter activation at basal level and in some peculiar cell stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Guarino
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Federica Zinghirino
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Lia Mela
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Xena Giada Pappalardo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - François Ichas
- CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; INSERM, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, U-1084, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Vito De Pinto
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy; National Institute for Biostructures and Biosystems, Section of Catania, Rome, Italy.
| | - Angela Messina
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Section of Molecular Biology, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; National Institute for Biostructures and Biosystems, Section of Catania, Rome, Italy
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Kumari S, Kumaran SS, Goyal V, Bose S, Jain S, Dwivedi SN, Srivastava AK, Jagannathan NR. Metabolomic analysis of serum using proton NMR in 6-OHDA experimental PD model and patients with PD. Neurochem Int 2020; 134:104670. [PMID: 31917997 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sadhana Kumari
- Department of NMR and MRI Facility, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - S Senthil Kumaran
- Department of NMR and MRI Facility, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India.
| | - Vinay Goyal
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Samrat Bose
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Suman Jain
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Sada Nand Dwivedi
- Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Achal Kumar Srivastava
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
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Tetramethylpyrazine Analogue T-006 Exerts Neuroprotective Effects against 6-Hydroxydopamine-Induced Parkinson's Disease In Vitro and In Vivo. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:8169125. [PMID: 31827703 PMCID: PMC6885178 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8169125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), and there is no cure for it at present. We have previously reported that the tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) derivative T-006 exhibited beneficial effects in Alzheimer's disease (AD) models. However, its effect on PD remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects and underlying mechanisms of T-006 against 6-hydroxydopamine- (6-OHDA-) induced lesions in in vivo and in vitro PD models. Our results demonstrated that T-006 alleviated mitochondrial membrane potential loss and restored the energy metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis that were induced by 6-OHDA in PC12 cells. In addition, animal experiments showed that administration of T-006 significantly attenuated the 6-OHDA-induced loss of tyrosine hydroxylase- (TH-) positive neurons in the SNpc, as well as dopaminergic nerve fibers in the striatum, and also increased the concentration of dopamine and its metabolites (DOPAC, HVA) in the striatum. Functional deficits were restored following T-006 treatment in 6-OHDA-lesioned mice, as demonstrated by improved motor coordination and rotational behavior. In addition, we found that the neuroprotective effects of T-006 were mediated, at least in part, by the activation of both the PKA/Akt/GSK-3β and CREB/PGC-1α/NRF-1/TFAM pathways. In summary, our findings demonstrate that T-006 could be developed as a novel neuroprotective agent for PD, and the two pathways might be promising therapeutic targets for PD.
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11
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Metabolic remodeling of cardiomyocytes identified in phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1-deficient mice. Biochem J 2019; 476:1943-1954. [PMID: 31208986 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic remodeling plays an essential role in the pathophysiology of heart failure (HF). Many studies have shown that the disruption of phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (PDK1) caused severe and lethal HF; however, the metabolic pattern of PDK1 deletion remains ambiguous. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics was applied to explore the altered metabolic pattern in Pdk1-deficient mice. Principle component analysis showed significant separation as early as 4 weeks of age, and dysfunction of metabolism precedes a morphological change in Pdk1-deficient mice. A time trajectory plot indicated that disturbed metabolic patterns were related to the pathological process of the HF in Pdk1-deficient mice, rather than the age of mice. Metabolic profiles demonstrated significantly increased levels of acetate, glutamate, glutamine, and O-phosphocholine in Pdk1 deletion mice. Levels of lactate, alanine, glycine, taurine, choline, fumarate, IMP, AMP, and ATP were significantly decreased compared with controls. Furthermore, PDK1 knockdown decreased the oxygen consumption rate in H9C2 cells as determined using a Seahorse XF96 Analyzer. These findings imply that the disruption of metabolism and impaired mitochondrial activity might be involved in the pathogenesis of HF with PDK1 deletion.
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12
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Virel A, Dudka I, Laterveer R, Af Bjerkén S. 1H NMR profiling of the 6-OHDA parkinsonian rat brain reveals metabolic alterations and signs of recovery after N-acetylcysteine treatment. Mol Cell Neurosci 2019; 98:131-139. [PMID: 31200101 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease caused by degeneration of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra. The origin and causes of dopamine neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease are not well understood but oxidative stress may play an important role in its onset. Much effort has been dedicated to find biomarkers indicative of oxidative stress and neurodegenerative processes in parkinsonian brains. By using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) to identify and quantify key metabolites, it is now possible to elucidate the metabolic pathways affected by pathological conditions like neurodegeneration. The metabolic disturbances in the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) hemiparkinsonian rat model were monitored and the nature and size of these metabolic alterations were analyzed. The results indicate that a unilateral injection of 6-OHDA into the striatum causes metabolic changes that not only affect the injected hemisphere but also the contralateral, non-lesioned side. We could clearly identify specific metabolic pathways that were affected, which were mostly related with oxidative stress and neurotransmission. In addition, a partial metabolic recovery by carrying out an antioxidant treatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) was observable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Virel
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Ilona Dudka
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Rutger Laterveer
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sara Af Bjerkén
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences, Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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13
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Mironova YS, Zhukova IA, Zhukova NG, Alifirova VM, Izhboldina OP, Latypova AV. [Parkinson's disease and glutamate excitotoxicity]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2019; 118:50-54. [PMID: 30346434 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro201811806250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM To measure the concentration of glutamate in the serum of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and determine its association with clinical variants of disease course. MATERIAL AND METHODS One hundred and ten patients with PD and 90 healthy people were examined. Glutamate concentration in the blood serum was determined with a spectrophotometric method. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Patients with Parkinson's disease had significantly higher levels of serum glutamate compared with healthy subjects (p<0,0001). Patients with a tremor-dominant subtype had significantly higher levels of serum glutamate compared to those in patients with akinetic-rigid and mixed subtypes. The results obtained allow us to expand our understanding of the pathogenesis of this disease. Changes in the concentration of glutamate may reflect neurodegenerative process in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - I A Zhukova
- Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - N G Zhukova
- Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
| | | | | | - A V Latypova
- Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
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14
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Zhao L, Dong M, Ren M, Li C, Zheng H, Gao H. Metabolomic Analysis Identifies Lactate as an Important Pathogenic Factor in Diabetes-associated Cognitive Decline Rats. Mol Cell Proteomics 2018; 17:2335-2346. [PMID: 30171160 PMCID: PMC6283288 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra118.000690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus causes brain structure changes and cognitive decline, and it has been estimated that diabetes doubles the risk for dementia. Until now, the pathogenic mechanism of diabetes-associated cognitive decline (DACD) has remained unclear. Using metabolomics, we show that lactate levels increased over time in the hippocampus of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes, as compared with age-matched control rats. Additionally, mRNA levels, protein levels, and enzymatic activity of lactate dehydrogenase-A (LDH-A) were significantly up-regulated, suggesting increased glycolysis activity. Importantly, by specifically blocking the glycolysis pathway through an LDH-A inhibitor, chronic diabetes-induced memory impairment was prevented. Analyzing the underlying mechanism, we show that the expression levels of cAMP-dependent protein kinase and of phosphorylated transcription factor cAMP response element-binding proteins were decreased in 12-week diabetic rats. We suggest that G protein-coupled receptor 81 mediates cognitive decline in the diabetic rat. In this study, we report that progressively increasing lactate levels is an important pathogenic factor in DACD, directly linking diabetes to cognitive dysfunction. LDH-A may be considered as a potential target for alleviating or treating DACD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangcai Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Minjian Dong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengqian Ren
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chen Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongchang Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China.
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15
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Vetel S, Sérrière S, Vercouillie J, Vergote J, Chicheri G, Deloye JB, Dollé F, Bodard S, Tronel C, Nadal-Desbarats L, Lefèvre A, Emond P, Chalon S. Extensive exploration of a novel rat model of Parkinson's disease using partial 6-hydroxydopamine lesion of dopaminergic neurons suggests new therapeutic approaches. Synapse 2018; 73:e22077. [DOI: 10.1002/syn.22077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven Vetel
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm; Tours France
| | | | - Johnny Vercouillie
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm; Tours France
- INSERM CIC 1415, University Hospital; Tours France
| | - Jackie Vergote
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm; Tours France
| | | | | | - Frédéric Dollé
- CEA, Institut des Sciences du Vivant Frédéric Joliot, Service hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Université Paris-Saclay; Orsay France
| | - Sylvie Bodard
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm; Tours France
| | - Claire Tronel
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm; Tours France
| | | | | | - Patrick Emond
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm; Tours France
- CHRU Tours; Tours France
| | - Sylvie Chalon
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm; Tours France
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16
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Serum metabolomics study in a group of Parkinson's disease patients from northern India. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 480:214-219. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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17
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Lu Y, Zhang X, Zhao L, Yang C, Pan L, Li C, Liu K, Bai G, Gao H, Yan Z. Metabolic Disturbances in the Striatum and Substantia Nigra in the Onset and Progression of MPTP-Induced Parkinsonism Model. Front Neurosci 2018. [PMID: 29515360 PMCID: PMC5826279 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic confusion has been linked to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), while the dynamic changes associated with the onset and progression of PD remain unclear. Herein, dynamic changes in metabolites were detected from the initiation to the development of 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) -induced Parkinsonism model to elucidate its potential metabolic mechanism. Ex vivo1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to measure metabolite changes in the striatum and substantia nigra (SN) of mice at 1, 7, and 21 days after injection of MPTP. Metabolomic analysis revealed a clear separation of the overall metabolites between PD and control mice at different time points. Glutamate (Glu) in the striatum was significantly elevated at induction PD day 1 mice, which persisted to day 21. N-acetylaspartate (NAA) increased in the striatum of induction PD mice on days 1 and 7, but no significant difference was found in striatum on day 21. Myo-Inositol (mI) and taurine (Tau) were also disturbed in the striatum in induction PD day 1 mice. Additionally, key enzymes in the glutamate-glutamine cycle were significantly increased in PD mice. These findings suggest that neuron loss and motor function impairment in induction PD mice may be linked to overactive glutamate-glutamine cycle and altered membrane metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Liangcai Zhao
- Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Changwei Yang
- Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Linlin Pan
- Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chen Li
- Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Guanghui Bai
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hongchang Gao
- Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhihan Yan
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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18
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Huang Q, Li C, Xia N, Zhao L, Wang D, Yang Y, Gao H. Neurochemical changes in unilateral cerebral hemisphere during the subacute stage of focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats: An ex vivo 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. Brain Res 2018; 1684:67-74. [PMID: 29408682 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the subacute may shed light on the mechanism of cerebral ischemia. The present study aimed to explore metabolic features underlying subacute stage of ischemia-reperfusion injury and developing effective treatments. Rats were divided into three groups: the permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO), transient cerebral focal ischemia (tMCAO) and sham group. Evaluation of animal models was performed by the neurological deficit, MR images and pathological morphological abnormality. To elucidate metabolic changes, we conducted a comparative analysis of metabolic composition of unilateral brain tissue using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The successful model was observed low signal on T1WI and high signal on T2WI lesions in the left cerebral. Histopathological results confirmed the formation of apparent lesions in the left striatum, hippocampus CA1 and cortex tissues of subacute cerebral ischemia rats and showed that rats with focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion could alleviate the extent of pathological damage degree. In pMCAO rats 7 days after surgery, decreased levels of N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate (Glu) and succinate (Suc) concomitantly with increased levels of glutamine (Gln), myo-inositol (m-Ins) and lactate (Lac) were observed compared to the control. Whereas, increased level of Lac with decreased levels of NAA, GABA, Glu, Suc, creatine (Cre) were observed in the tMCAO rats. This demonstrated that experimental subacute ischemic stroke in rats caused extensive perturbation in energy metabolism, the tricarboxylic acid cycle and GABA shunt, which provided essential information for understanding the pathogenesis of subacute cerebral ischemia-reperfusion and provided guidance in choosing the suitable therapeutic schedule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Huang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035 China
| | - Chen Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035 China
| | - Nengzhi Xia
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Liangcai Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035 China
| | - Dan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035 China
| | - Yunjun Yang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Hongchang Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035 China.
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19
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Figura M, Kuśmierska K, Bucior E, Szlufik S, Koziorowski D, Jamrozik Z, Janik P. Serum amino acid profile in patients with Parkinson's disease. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191670. [PMID: 29377959 PMCID: PMC5788376 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Amino acids play numerous roles in the central nervous system, serving as neurotransmitters, neuromodulators and regulators of energy metabolism. The free amino acid profile in serum of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients may be influenced by neurodegeneration, mitochondrial dysfunction, malabsorption in the gastroenteric tract and received treatment. The aim of our study was the evaluation of the profile of amino acid concentrations against disease progression. We assessed the amino acid profile in the serum of 73 patients divided into groups with early PD, late PD with dyskinesia and late PD without dyskinesia. Serum amino acid analysis was performed by high-pressure liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. We observed some significant differences amongst the groups with respect to concentrations of alanine, arginine, phenylalanine and threonine, although no significant differences were observed between patients with advanced PD with and without dyskinesia. We conclude that this specific amino acid profile could serve as biochemical marker of PD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Figura
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Heath Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kuśmierska
- Department of Screening and Metabolic Diagnostics, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewelina Bucior
- 1st Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Stanisław Szlufik
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Heath Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz Koziorowski
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Heath Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zygmunt Jamrozik
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Janik
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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20
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Examining alterations in GABA concentrations in the basal ganglia of patients with Parkinson's disease using MEGA-PRESS MRS. Jpn J Radiol 2017; 36:194-199. [PMID: 29280067 DOI: 10.1007/s11604-017-0714-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to compare the gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) levels in the left basal ganglia (BG) of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) to those of healthy control (HC) volunteers using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS). MATERIALS AND METHODS The GABA+ signal-the composite signal from GABA, macromolecules (MMs), and homocarnosine-was detected. GABA+ levels were examined in 21 PD patients and 15 age- and sex-matched HCs. 3T-1H-MRS using the Mescher-Garwood point-resolved spectroscopy (MEGA-PRESS) sequence was performed in order to detect GABA+ levels in the left BG, and the spectra were processed using the Gannet software. Differences in GABA+ levels between the two groups were analyzed using independent t-test analysis. RESULTS The GABA+ levels were significantly lower (P < 0.001) in the left BG of the patients with PD (1.31 ± 0.21 i.u.) than in the left BG of the HCs (1.62 ± 0.26 i.u.). CONCLUSION The lower GABA+ levels in the left BG of the PD patients suggest that GABA plays an important role in the pathogenesis of PD. The reduced GABA+ levels in the PD patients may be associated with GABAergic dysfunction.
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21
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Li M, Wang K, Su WT, Jia J, Wang XM. Effects of Electroacupuncture on Metabolic Changes in Motor Cortex and Striatum of 6-Hydroxydopamine-Induced Parkinsonian Rats. Chin J Integr Med 2017; 26:701-708. [PMID: 28986816 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-017-2975-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the possible underlying mechanism by investigating the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) treatment on the primary motor cortex and striatum in a unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) induced rat Parkinson's disease (PD) model. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham group (n=16), model group (n=14), and EA group (n=14). EA stimulation at Dazhui (GV 14) and Baihui (GV20) was applied to PD rats in the EA group for 4 weeks. Behavioral tests were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of EA treatment. Metabolites were detected by 7.0 T proton nuclear magnetic resonance. RESULTS Following 4 weeks of EA treatment in PD model rats, the abnormal behavioral impairment induced by 6-OHDA was alleviated. In monitoring changes in metabolic activity, ratios of myoinositol/creatine (Cr) and N-acetyl aspartate (NAA)/Cr in the primary motor cortex were significantly lower at the injected side than the non-injected side in PD rats (P=0.024 and 0.020). The ratios of glutamate + glutamine (Glx)/Cr and NAA/Cr in the striatum were higher and lower, respectively, at the injected side than the non-injected side (P=0.046 and 0.008). EA treatment restored the balance of metabolic activity in the primary motor cortex and striatum. In addition, the taurine/Cr ratio and Glx/Cr ratio were elevated in the striatum of PD model rats compared to sham-lesioned rats (P=0.026 and 0.000). EA treatment alleviated the excessive glutamatergic transmission by down-regulating the striatal Glx/Cr ratio (P=0.001). The Glx/Cr ratio was negatively correlated with floor plane spontaneous locomotion in PD rats (P=0.027 and P=0.0007). CONCLUSIONS EA treatment is able to normalize the metabolic balance in the primary motor cortex and striatum of PD rats, which may contribute to its therapeutic effect on motor deficits. The striatal Glx/Cr ratio may serve as a potential indicator of PD and a therapeutic target of EA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Departments of Neurobiology and Physiology, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory for Parkinson's Disease, Capital Medical University; Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Departments of Neurobiology and Physiology, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory for Parkinson's Disease, Capital Medical University; Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Wen-Ting Su
- Departments of Neurobiology and Physiology, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory for Parkinson's Disease, Capital Medical University; Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Jun Jia
- Departments of Neurobiology and Physiology, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory for Parkinson's Disease, Capital Medical University; Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xiao-Min Wang
- Departments of Neurobiology and Physiology, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory for Parkinson's Disease, Capital Medical University; Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100069, China.
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22
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Gong T, Xiang Y, Saleh MG, Gao F, Chen W, Edden RAE, Wang G. Inhibitory motor dysfunction in parkinson's disease subtypes. J Magn Reson Imaging 2017; 47:1610-1615. [PMID: 28960581 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is divided into postural instability gait difficulty (PIGD) and tremor-dominant (TD) subtypes. Increasing evidence has suggested that the GABAergic neurotransmitter system is involved in the pathogenesis of PD. PURPOSE To evaluate the differences of GABA levels between PD motor subtypes using MEscher-GArwood Point Resolved Spectroscopy (MEGA-PRESS). STUDY TYPE COHORT.: SUBJECTS: PD patients were classified into PIGD (n = 13) and TD groups (n = 9); 16 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were also recruited. All subjects were right-handed. SEQUENCE All subjects underwent an magnetic resonance spectroscopy scan including MEGA-PRESS at 3.0T. ASSESSMENT The detected GABA signal also contains signal from macromolecules (MM) and homocarnosine, so it is referred to as GABA+. GABA + levels and Creatine (Cr) levels were quantified in the left basal ganglia (BG) using Gannet 2.0 by Tao Gong. STATISTICAL TESTS Differences in GABA + levels between the three groups were analyzed using analysis of covariance. The relationship between GABA levels and a unified PD rating scale (UPDRS) was also analyzed. RESULTS GABA + levels were significantly lower in left BG regions of PD patients compared with healthy controls (P < 0.001). In PD patients, the GABA concentration was lower in the TD group than the PIGD group (P = 0.019). Cr levels in PIGD and TD were lower than controls (P = 0.020; P = 0.002). A significant negative correlation was found in PIGD between GABA levels and UPDRS (r = -0.572, P = 0.041), while no correlation was found in TD (r = -0.339, P = 0.372). DATA CONCLUSION Low BG GABA levels in PD patients, and differences between PIGD/TD patients, suggest that GABAergic dysfunction may play an important role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 1 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:1610-1615.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Gong
- Department of MR, Shandong Medical Imaging Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Xiang
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Muhammad G Saleh
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of MR, Shandong Medical Imaging Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Weibo Chen
- Philips Healthcare, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Richard A E Edden
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Guangbin Wang
- Department of MR, Shandong Medical Imaging Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
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23
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Quansah E, Ruiz-Rodado V, Grootveld M, Probert F, Zetterström TSC. 1H NMR-based metabolomics reveals neurochemical alterations in the brain of adolescent rats following acute methylphenidate administration. Neurochem Int 2017; 108:109-120. [PMID: 28268188 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The psychostimulant methylphenidate (MPH) is increasingly used in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). While there is little evidence for common brain pathology in ADHD, some studies suggest a right hemisphere dysfunction among people diagnosed with the condition. However, in spite of the high usage of MPH in children and adolescents, its mechanism of action is poorly understood. Given that MPH blocks the neuronal transporters for dopamine and noradrenaline, most research into the effects of MPH on the brain has largely focused on these two monoamine neurotransmitter systems. Interestingly, recent studies have demonstrated metabolic changes in the brain of ADHD patients, but the impact of MPH on endogenous brain metabolites remains unclear. In this study, a proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR)-based metabolomics approach was employed to investigate the effects of MPH on brain biomolecules. Adolescent male Sprague Dawley rats were injected intraperitoneally with MPH (5.0 mg/kg) or saline (1.0 ml/kg), and cerebral extracts from the left and right hemispheres were analysed. A total of 22 variables (representing 13 distinct metabolites) were significantly increased in the MPH-treated samples relative to the saline-treated controls. The upregulated metabolites included: amino acid neurotransmitters such as GABA, glutamate and aspartate; large neutral amino acids (LNAA), including the aromatic amino acids (AAA) tyrosine and phenylalanine, both of which are involved in the metabolism of dopamine and noradrenaline; and metabolites associated with energy and cell membrane dynamics, such as creatine and myo-inositol. No significant differences in metabolite concentrations were found between the left and right cerebral hemispheres. These findings provide new insights into the mechanisms of action of the anti-ADHD drug MPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Quansah
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Victor Ruiz-Rodado
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Martin Grootveld
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Fay Probert
- Department of Pharmacology, Oxford University, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Tyra S C Zetterström
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK.
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24
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Heo H, Ahn JB, Lee HH, Kwon E, Yun JW, Kim H, Kang BC. Neurometabolic profiles of the substantia nigra and striatum of MPTP-intoxicated common marmosets: An in vivo proton MRS study at 9.4 T. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2017; 30:e3686. [PMID: 28028868 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Given the strong coupling between the substantia nigra (SN) and striatum (STR) in the early stage of Parkinson's disease (PD), yet only a few studies reported to date that have simultaneously investigated the neurochemistry of these two brain regions in vivo, we performed longitudinal metabolic profiling in the SN and STR of 1-methyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-intoxicated common marmoset monkey models of PD (n = 10) by using proton MRS (1 H-MRS) at 9.4 T. T2 relaxometry was also performed in the SN by using MRI. Data were classified into control, MPTP_2weeks, and MPTP_6-10 weeks groups according to the treatment duration. In the SN, T2 of the MPTP_6-10 weeks group was lower than that of the control group (44.33 ± 1.75 versus 47.21 ± 2.47 ms, p < 0.05). The N-acetylaspartate to total creatine ratio (NAA/tCr) and γ-aminobutyric acid to tCr ratio (GABA/tCr) of the MPTP_6-10 weeks group were lower than those of the control group (0.41 ± 0.04 versus 0.54 ± 0.08 (p < 0.01) and 0.19 ± 0.03 versus 0.30 ± 0.09 (p < 0.05), respectively). The glutathione to tCr ratio (GSH/tCr) was correlated with T2 for the MPTP_6-10 weeks group (r = 0.83, p = 0.04). In the STR, however, GABA/tCr of the MPTP_6-10 weeks group was higher than that of the control group (0.25 ± 0.10 versus 0.16 ± 0.05, p < 0.05). These findings may be an in vivo depiction of the altered basal ganglion circuit in PD brain resulting from the degeneration of nigral dopaminergic neurons and disruption of nigrostriatal dopaminergic projections. Given the important role of non-human primates in translational studies, our findings provide better understanding of the complicated evolution of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwon Heo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Bum Ahn
- Department of Experimental Animal Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Graduate School of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeong Hun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Euna Kwon
- Department of Experimental Animal Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jun-Won Yun
- Department of Experimental Animal Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeonjin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Experimental Animal Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byeong-Cheol Kang
- Department of Experimental Animal Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Graduate School of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Designed Animal and Transplantation Research Institute, Institute of GreenBio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, South Korea
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25
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Zheng Y, Yang Y, Dong B, Zheng H, Lin X, Du Y, Li X, Zhao L, Gao H. Metabonomic profiles delineate potential role of glutamate-glutamine cycle in db/db mice with diabetes-associated cognitive decline. Mol Brain 2016; 9:40. [PMID: 27090642 PMCID: PMC4835835 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-016-0223-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes-associated cognition decline is one of central nervous system complications in diabetic mellitus, while its pathogenic mechanism remains unclear. In this study, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabonomics and immunohistochemistry was used to explore key metabolic alterations in hippocampus of type 2 diabetic db/db mice with cognition decline in order to advance understanding of mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of the disease. Results Metabonomics reveals that lactate level was significantly increased in hippocampus of db/db mice with cognition decline compared with age-matched wild-type mice. Several tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates including succinate and citrate were reduced in hippocampus of db/db mice with cognition decline. Moreover, an increase in glutamine level and a decrease in glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid levels were observed in db/db mice. Results from immunohistochemistry analysis show that glutamine synthetase was increased and glutaminase and glutamate decarboxylase were decreased in db/db mice. Conclusions Our results suggest that the development of diabetes-associated cognition decline in db/db mice is most likely implicated in a reduction in energy metabolism and a disturbance of glutamate-glutamine shuttling between neurons and astrocytes in hippocampus. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13041-016-0223-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongquan Zheng
- Radiology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yunjun Yang
- Radiology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Baijun Dong
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaodong Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yao Du
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liangcai Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Hongchang Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.
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26
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Caravaggio F, Nakajima S, Plitman E, Gerretsen P, Chung JK, Iwata Y, Graff-Guerrero A. The effect of striatal dopamine depletion on striatal and cortical glutamate: A mini-review. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2016; 65:49-53. [PMID: 26334687 PMCID: PMC5323253 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the interplay between the neurotransmitters dopamine and glutamate in the striatum has become the highlight of several theories of neuropsychiatric illnesses, such as schizophrenia. Using in vivo brain imaging in humans, alterations in dopamine and glutamate concentrations have been observed in several neuropsychiatric disorders. However, it is unclear a priori how alterations in striatal dopamine should modulate glutamate concentrations in the basal ganglia. In this selective mini-review, we examine the consequence of reducing striatal dopamine functioning on glutamate concentrations in the striatum and cortex; regions of interest heavily examined in the human brain imaging studies. We examine the predictions of the classical model of the basal ganglia, and contrast it with findings in humans and animals. The review concludes that chronic dopamine depletion (>4months) produces decreases in striatal glutamate levels which are consistent with the classical model of the basal ganglia. However, acute alterations in striatal dopamine functioning, specifically at the D2 receptors, may produce opposite affects. This has important implications for models of the basal ganglia and theorizing about neurochemical alterations in neuropsychiatric diseases. Moreover, these findings may help guide a priori hypotheses for (1)H-MRS studies measuring glutamate changes given alterations in dopaminergic functioning in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Caravaggio
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 2374 Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Shinichiro Nakajima
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Eric Plitman
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 2374 Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Philip Gerretsen
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 2374 Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Jun Ku Chung
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 2374 Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Yusuke Iwata
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 2374 Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Ariel Graff-Guerrero
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 2374 Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada.
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27
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NMR-Based Metabolomics Reveal a Recovery from Metabolic Changes in the Striatum of 6-OHDA-Induced Rats Treated with Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:6690-6697. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9579-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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28
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Hajj R, Milet A, Toulorge D, Cholet N, Laffaire J, Foucquier J, Robelet S, Mitry R, Guedj M, Nabirotchkin S, Chumakov I, Cohen D. Combination of acamprosate and baclofen as a promising therapeutic approach for Parkinson's disease. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16084. [PMID: 26542636 PMCID: PMC4635348 DOI: 10.1038/srep16084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterised by the loss of dopaminergic nigrostriatal neurons but which involves the loss of additional neurotransmitter pathways. Mono- or polytherapeutic interventions in PD patients have declining efficacy long-term and no influence on disease progression. The systematic analysis of available genetic and functional data as well as the substantial overlap between Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and PD features led us to repurpose and explore the effectiveness of a combination therapy (ABC) with two drugs – acamprosate and baclofen – that was already effective in AD animal models, for the treatment of PD. We showed in vitro that ABC strongly and synergistically protected neuronal cells from oxidative stress in the oxygen and glucose deprivation model, as well as dopaminergic neurons from cell death in the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) rat model. Furthermore, we showed that ABC normalised altered motor symptoms in vivo in 6-OHDA-treated rats, acting by protecting dopaminergic cell bodies and their striatal terminals. Interestingly, ABC also restored a normal behaviour pattern in lesioned rats suggesting a symptomatic effect, and did not negatively interact with L-dopa. Our results demonstrate the potential value of combining repurposed drugs as a promising new strategy to treat this debilitating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolphe Hajj
- Pharnext, 11 rue des Peupliers, 92130 Issy-Les-Moulineaux, France
| | - Aude Milet
- Pharnext, 11 rue des Peupliers, 92130 Issy-Les-Moulineaux, France
| | - Damien Toulorge
- Pharnext, 11 rue des Peupliers, 92130 Issy-Les-Moulineaux, France
| | - Nathalie Cholet
- Pharnext, 11 rue des Peupliers, 92130 Issy-Les-Moulineaux, France
| | - Julien Laffaire
- Pharnext, 11 rue des Peupliers, 92130 Issy-Les-Moulineaux, France
| | - Julie Foucquier
- Pharnext, 11 rue des Peupliers, 92130 Issy-Les-Moulineaux, France
| | - Sandra Robelet
- Syncrosome, 163 avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Richard Mitry
- Syncrosome, 163 avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Mickael Guedj
- Pharnext, 11 rue des Peupliers, 92130 Issy-Les-Moulineaux, France
| | | | - Ilya Chumakov
- Pharnext, 11 rue des Peupliers, 92130 Issy-Les-Moulineaux, France
| | - Daniel Cohen
- Pharnext, 11 rue des Peupliers, 92130 Issy-Les-Moulineaux, France
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29
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Propofol requirement for induction of unconsciousness is reduced in patients with Parkinson's disease: a case control study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:953729. [PMID: 26495319 PMCID: PMC4606158 DOI: 10.1155/2015/953729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease, but whether the neurodegenerative process influences the pharmacodynamics of propofol remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate the effect of PD on pharmacodynamics of propofol. A total of 31 PD patients undergoing surgical treatment (PD group) and 31 pair-controlled non-PD patients undergoing intracranial surgery (NPD group) were recruited to investigate the propofol requirement for unconsciousness induction. Unconsciousness was induced in all patients with target-controlled infusion of propofol. The propofol concentration at which unconsciousness was induced was compared between the two groups. EC50 and EC95 were calculated as well. Demographic data, bispectral index, and hemodynamic values were comparable between PD and NPD groups. The mean target concentration of propofol when unconsciousness was achieved was 2.32 ± 0.38 μg/mL in PD group, which was significantly lower than that in NPD group (2.90 ± 0.35 μg/mL). The EC50 was 2.05 μg/mL (95% CI: 1.85–2.19 μg/mL) in PD group, much lower than the 2.72 μg/mL (95% CI: 2.53–2.88 μg/mL) in NPD group. In conclusion, the effective propofol concentration needed for induction of unconsciousness in 50% of patients is reduced in PD patients. (This trial is registered with NCT01998204.)
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30
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Hu W, Cheng X, Ye X, Zhao L, Huang Y, Zhu H, Yan Z, Wang X, Wang X, Bai G, Gao H. Ex vivo (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy reveals systematic alterations in cerebral metabolites as the key pathogenetic mechanism of bilirubin encephalopathy. Mol Brain 2014; 7:87. [PMID: 25424547 PMCID: PMC4252999 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-014-0087-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bilirubin encephalopathy (BE) is a severe neurologic sequelae induced by hyperbilirubinemia in newborns. However, the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying the clinical syndromes of BE remain ambiguous. Ex vivo (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to measure changes in the concentrations of cerebral metabolites in various brain areas of newborn 9-day-old rats subjected to bilirubin to explore the related mechanisms of BE. RESULTS When measured 0.5 hr after injection of bilirubin, levels of the amino acid neurotransmitters glutamate (Glu), glutamine (Gln), and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in hippocampus and occipital cortex significantly decreased, by contrast, levels of aspartate (Asp) considerably increased. In the cerebellum, Glu and Gln levels significantly decreased, while GABA, and Asp levels showed no significant differences. In BE 24 hr rats, all of the metabolic changes observed returned to normal in the hippocampus and occipital cortex; however, levels of Glu, Gln, GABA, and glycine significantly increased in the cerebellum. CONCLUSIONS These metabolic changes for the neurotransmitters are mostly likely the result of a shift in the steady-state equilibrium of the Gln-Glu-GABA metabolic cycle between astrocytes and neurons, in a region-specific manner. Changes in energy metabolism and the tricarboxylic acid cycle may also be involved in the pathogenesis of BE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Hu
- Radiology Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China.
- Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xiaojie Cheng
- Radiology Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xinjian Ye
- Radiology Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Liangcai Zhao
- Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yanan Huang
- Radiology Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Huanle Zhu
- Radiology Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Zhihan Yan
- Radiology Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xuebao Wang
- Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Guanghui Bai
- Radiology Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Hongchang Gao
- Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.
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31
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Cunha MP, Martín-de-Saavedra MD, Romero A, Egea J, Ludka FK, Tasca CI, Farina M, Rodrigues ALS, López MG. Both creatine and its product phosphocreatine reduce oxidative stress and afford neuroprotection in an in vitro Parkinson's model. ASN Neuro 2014; 6:1759091414554945. [PMID: 25424428 PMCID: PMC4357608 DOI: 10.1177/1759091414554945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Creatine is the substrate for creatine kinase in the synthesis of phosphocreatine (PCr). This energetic system is endowed of antioxidant and neuroprotective properties and plays a pivotal role in brain energy homeostasis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective effect of creatine and PCr against 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death in rat striatal slices, used as an in vitro Parkinson's model. The possible involvement of the signaling pathway mediated by phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (Akt), and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) was also evaluated. Exposure of striatal slices to 6-OHDA caused a significant disruption of the cellular homeostasis measured as 3-(4,5 dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide reduction, lactate dehydrogenase release, and tyrosine hydroxylase levels. 6-OHDA exposure increased the levels of reactive oxygen species and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances production and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential in rat striatal slices. Furthermore, 6-OHDA decreased the phosphorylation of Akt (Serine(473)) and GSK3β (Serine(9)). Coincubation with 6-OHDA and creatine or PCr reduced the effects of 6-OHDA toxicity. The protective effect afforded by creatine or PCr against 6-OHDA-induced toxicity was reversed by the PI3K inhibitor LY294002. In conclusion, creatine and PCr minimize oxidative stress in striatum to afford neuroprotection of dopaminergic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Peña Cunha
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Maria D Martín-de-Saavedra
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain Department of Physiology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alejandro Romero
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain Departamento de Toxicología y Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Egea
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fabiana K Ludka
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil Department of Pharmacy, Universidade do Contestado, Canoinhas, SC, Brazil
| | - Carla I Tasca
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcelo Farina
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia S Rodrigues
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Manuela G López
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
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Flow cytometry analysis of synaptosomes from post-mortem human brain reveals changes specific to Lewy body and Alzheimer's disease. J Transl Med 2014; 94:1161-72. [PMID: 25068655 PMCID: PMC4184945 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2014.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Synaptic dysfunction is thought to have an important role in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Lewy body disease (LBD). To improve our understanding of synaptic alterations in health and disease, we investigated synaptosomes prepared from post-mortem human cerebral cortex, putamen (PT), and two regions of the caudate nucleus, dorso-lateral (DL) and ventro-medial (VM), regions commonly affected in AD and LBD. We observed that the fraction of synaptosomal particles with reactivity for dopamine transporter (DAT) was significantly reduced in the PT and VM caudate of patients with neuropathological diagnosis of LBD. As expected, these differences also were reflected in direct measurements of dopamine (DA) and its metabolite, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), in caudate and PT of LBD patients. The fraction of synaptosomal particles positive for amyloid β (Aβ) was significantly increased in frontal cortical samples of patients with the neuropathological diagnosis of severe AD, and was positively correlated with disease progression. We also prepared synaptosomes from the striatum of mice with severe loss of DA neurons (Slc6a3-DTR mice) and wild-type littermate controls. We observed markedly reduced levels of DAT-positive synaptosomes in Slc6a3-DTR mice following exposure to diphtheria toxin (DT). Striatal levels of DA and DOPAC in Slc6a3-DTR mice also were reduced significantly following DT exposure. We conclude that flow cytometric analysis of synaptosomes prepared from human or mouse brain provides an opportunity to study expression of pathology-associated proteins and also the specific loss of dopaminergic nerve terminals. Hence, we believe it is a valid method to detect pathological changes at the level of the synapse in LBD as well as AD.
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Lei S, Zavala-Flores L, Garcia-Garcia A, Nandakumar R, Huang Y, Madayiputhiya N, Stanton RC, Dodds ED, Powers R, Franco R. Alterations in energy/redox metabolism induced by mitochondrial and environmental toxins: a specific role for glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase and the pentose phosphate pathway in paraquat toxicity. ACS Chem Biol 2014; 9:2032-48. [PMID: 24937102 PMCID: PMC4168797 DOI: 10.1021/cb400894a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Parkinson’s
disease (PD) is a multifactorial disorder with
a complex etiology including genetic risk factors, environmental exposures,
and aging. While energy failure and oxidative stress have largely
been associated with the loss of dopaminergic cells in PD and the
toxicity induced by mitochondrial/environmental toxins, very little
is known regarding the alterations in energy metabolism associated
with mitochondrial dysfunction and their causative role in cell death
progression. In this study, we investigated the alterations in the
energy/redox-metabolome in dopaminergic cells exposed to environmental/mitochondrial
toxins (paraquat, rotenone, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium [MPP+], and 6-hydroxydopamine [6-OHDA]) in order to identify common and/or
different mechanisms of toxicity. A combined metabolomics approach
using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and direct-infusion electrospray
ionization mass spectrometry (DI-ESI-MS) was used to identify unique
metabolic profile changes in response to these neurotoxins. Paraquat
exposure induced the most profound alterations in the pentose phosphate
pathway (PPP) metabolome. 13C-glucose flux analysis corroborated
that PPP metabolites such as glucose-6-phosphate, fructose-6-phosphate,
glucono-1,5-lactone, and erythrose-4-phosphate were increased by paraquat
treatment, which was paralleled by inhibition of glycolysis and the
TCA cycle. Proteomic analysis also found an increase in the expression
of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), which supplies reducing
equivalents by regenerating nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
(NADPH) levels. Overexpression of G6PD selectively increased paraquat
toxicity, while its inhibition with 6-aminonicotinamide inhibited
paraquat-induced oxidative stress and cell death. These results suggest
that paraquat “hijacks” the PPP to increase NADPH reducing
equivalents and stimulate paraquat redox cycling, oxidative stress,
and cell death. Our study clearly demonstrates that alterations in
energy metabolism, which are specific for distinct mitochondiral/environmental
toxins, are not bystanders to energy failure but also contribute significant
to cell death progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Robert C. Stanton
- Research
Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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Magnetic resonance spectroscopy: an in vivo molecular imaging biomarker for Parkinson's disease? BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:519816. [PMID: 25302300 PMCID: PMC4180390 DOI: 10.1155/2014/519816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta which leads to dysfunction of cerebral pathways critical for the control of movements. The diagnosis of PD is based on motor symptoms, such as bradykinesia, akinesia, muscular rigidity, postural instability, and resting tremor, which are evident only after the degeneration of a significant number of dopaminergic neurons. Currently, a marker for early diagnosis of PD is still not available. Consequently, also the development of disease-modifying therapies is a challenge. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy is a quantitative imaging technique that allows in vivo measurement of certain neurometabolites and may produce biomarkers that reflect metabolic dysfunctions and irreversible neuronal damage. This review summarizes the abnormalities of cerebral metabolites found in MRS studies performed in patients with PD and other forms of parkinsonism. In addition, we discuss the potential role of MRS as in vivo molecular imaging biomarker for early diagnosis of PD and for monitoring the efficacy of therapeutic interventions.
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Metabolomic analysis of amino acid and fat metabolism in rats with l-tryptophan supplementation. Amino Acids 2014; 46:2681-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-014-1823-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Huang Y, Zhang Z, Cai S, Chen Z. A novel detection scheme for high-resolution two-dimensional spin-echo correlated spectra in inhomogeneous fields. PLoS One 2014; 9:e84032. [PMID: 24392105 PMCID: PMC3879268 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two-dimensional (2D) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a powerful and non-invasive tool for the analysis of molecular structures, conformations, and dynamics. However, the inhomogeneity of magnetic fields experienced by samples will destroy spectral information and hinder spectral analysis. In this study, a new pulse sequence is proposed based on the modulation of distant dipolar field to recover high-resolution 2D spin-echo correlated spectroscopy (SECSY) from inhomogeneous fields. METHOD AND MATERIAL By using the new sequence, the correlation information between coupled spins and the J coupled information with straightforward multiplet patterns can be obtained free from inhomogeneous line broadening. In addition, the new sequence is also suitable for non-J coupled spin systems. Although three-dimensional acquisition is needed, the evolution of indirect detection dimensions is carefully designed and the ultrafast acquisition scheme is utilized to improve the acquisition efficiency. A chemical solution of butyl methacrylate (C8H14O2) in DMSO (C2H6SO) in a deshimmed magnetic field was tested to demonstrate the implementation details of the new sequence. The performance of the new sequence relative to the conventional SECSY sequence was shown by using an aqueous solution of main brain metabolites in a deshimmed magnetic field. CONCLUSION The results reveal that the new sequence provides an attractive way to eliminate the inhomogeneous spectral line broadening for the spin-echo correlated spectrum and is a promising tool for the study of metabolites in metabonomics, even for the applications on in vivo and in situ high-resolution 2D NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Huang
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shuhui Cai
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Ambrosi G, Cerri S, Blandini F. A further update on the role of excitotoxicity in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2014; 121:849-59. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-013-1149-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Liu K, Ye XJ, Hu WY, Zhang GY, Bai GH, Zhao LC, He JW, Zhu H, Shao JB, Yan ZH, Gao HC. Neurochemical changes in the rat occipital cortex and hippocampus after repetitive and profound hypoglycemia during the neonatal period: an ex vivo ¹H magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. Mol Neurobiol 2013; 48:729-36. [PMID: 23553314 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-013-8446-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The brain of a human neonate is more vulnerable to hypoglycemia than that of pediatric and adult patients. Repetitive and profound hypoglycemia during the neonatal period (RPHN) causes brain damage and leads to severe neurologic sequelae. Ex vivo high-resolution (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was carried out in the present study to detect metabolite alterations in newborn and adolescent rats and investigate the effects of RPHN on their occipital cortex and hippocampus. Results showed that RPHN induces significant changes in a number of cerebral metabolites, and such changes are region-specific. Among the 16 metabolites detected by ex vivo (1)H NMR, RPHN significantly increased the levels of creatine, glutamate, glutamine, γ-aminobutyric acid, and aspartate, as well as other metabolites, including succine, taurine, and myo-inositol, in the occipital cortex of neonatal rats compared with the control. By contrast, changes in these neurochemicals were not significant in the hippocampus of neonatal rats. When the rats had developed into adolescence, the changes above were maintained and the levels of other metabolites, including lactate, N-acetyl aspartate, alanine, choline, glycine, acetate, and ascorbate, increased in the occipital cortex. By contrast, most of these metabolites were reduced in the hippocampus. These metabolic changes suggest that complementary mechanisms exist between these two brain areas. RPHN appears to affect occipital cortex and hippocampal activities, neurotransmitter transition, energy metabolism, and other metabolic equilibria in newborn rats; these effects are further aggravated when the newborn rats develop into adolescence. Changes in the metabolism of neurotransmitter system may be an adaptive measure of the central nervous system in response to RPHN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Liu
- Radiology Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, 325035, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease, which is characterized by progressive death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Although mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are linked to PD pathogenesis, its etiology and pathology remain to be elucidated. Metabolomics investigates metabolite changes in biofluids, cell lysates, tissues and tumors in order to correlate these metabolomic changes to a disease state. Thus, the application of metabolomics to investigate PD provides a systematic approach to understand the pathology of PD, to identify disease biomarkers, and to complement genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics studies. This review will examine current research into PD mechanisms with a focus on mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Neurotoxin-based PD animal models and the rationale for metabolomics studies in PD will also be discussed. The review will also explore the potential of NMR metabolomics to address important issues related to PD treatment and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulei Lei
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Department of Chemistry, 722
Hamilton Hall, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304
| | - Robert Powers
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Department of Chemistry, 722
Hamilton Hall, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304
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