1
|
Li Z, Dang Q, Wang P, Zhao F, Huang J, Wang C, Liu X, Min W. Food-Derived Peptides: Beneficial CNS Effects and Cross-BBB Transmission Strategies. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:20453-20478. [PMID: 38085598 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Food-derived peptides, as dietary supplements, have significant effects on promoting brain health and relieving central nervous system (CNS) diseases. However, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) greatly limits their in-brain bioavailability. Thus, overcoming the BBB to target the CNS is a major challenge for bioactive peptides in the prevention and treatment of CNS diseases. This review discusses improvement in the neuroprotective function of food-derived active peptides in CNS diseases, as well as the source of BBB penetrating peptides (BBB-shuttles) and the mechanism of transmembrane transport. Notably, this review also discusses various peptide modification methods to overcome the low permeability and stability of the BBB. Lipification, glycosylation, introduction of disulfide bonds, and cyclization are effective strategies for improving the penetration efficiency of peptides through the BBB. This review provides a new prospective for improving their neuroprotective function and developing treatments to delay or even prevent CNS diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zehui Li
- College of Food and Health, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, P.R. China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, ChangChun, Jilin 130118, P.R. China
| | - Qiao Dang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, ChangChun, Jilin 130118, P.R. China
| | - Peng Wang
- College of Food and Health, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, P.R. China
| | - Fanrui Zhao
- College of Food and Health, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, P.R. China
| | - Jianqin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, P.R. China
| | - Chongchong Wang
- College of Food and Health, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, P.R. China
| | - Xingquan Liu
- College of Food and Health, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, P.R. China
| | - Weihong Min
- College of Food and Health, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Torices S, Daire L, Simon S, Naranjo O, Mendoza L, Teglas T, Fattakhov N, Adesse D, Toborek M. Occludin: a gatekeeper of brain Infection by HIV-1. Fluids Barriers CNS 2023; 20:73. [PMID: 37840143 PMCID: PMC10577960 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-023-00476-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Compromised structure and function of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is one of the pathological hallmarks of brain infection by HIV-1. BBB damage during HIV-1 infection has been associated with modified expression of tight junction (TJ) proteins, including occludin. Recent evidence indicated occludin as a redox-sensitive, multifunctional protein that can act as both an NADH oxidase and influence cellular metabolism through AMPK kinase. One of the newly identified functions of occludin is its involvement in regulating HIV-1 infection. Studies suggest that occludin expression levels and the rate of HIV-1 infection share a reverse, bidirectional relationship; however, the mechanisms of this relationship are unclear. In this review, we describe the pathways involved in the regulation of HIV-1 infection by occludin. We propose that occludin may serve as a potential therapeutic target to control HIV-1 infection and to improve the lives of people living with HIV-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Torices
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami School of Medicine, 528E Gautier Bldg. 1011 NW 15th Street Miami, Miami, FL, 11336, USA
| | - Leah Daire
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami School of Medicine, 528E Gautier Bldg. 1011 NW 15th Street Miami, Miami, FL, 11336, USA
| | - Sierra Simon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami School of Medicine, 528E Gautier Bldg. 1011 NW 15th Street Miami, Miami, FL, 11336, USA
| | - Oandy Naranjo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami School of Medicine, 528E Gautier Bldg. 1011 NW 15th Street Miami, Miami, FL, 11336, USA
| | - Luisa Mendoza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami School of Medicine, 528E Gautier Bldg. 1011 NW 15th Street Miami, Miami, FL, 11336, USA
| | - Timea Teglas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami School of Medicine, 528E Gautier Bldg. 1011 NW 15th Street Miami, Miami, FL, 11336, USA
| | - Nikolai Fattakhov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami School of Medicine, 528E Gautier Bldg. 1011 NW 15th Street Miami, Miami, FL, 11336, USA
| | - Daniel Adesse
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami School of Medicine, 528E Gautier Bldg. 1011 NW 15th Street Miami, Miami, FL, 11336, USA
- Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Michal Toborek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami School of Medicine, 528E Gautier Bldg. 1011 NW 15th Street Miami, Miami, FL, 11336, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kriaučiūnaitė K, Pociūtė A, Kaušylė A, Verkhratsky A, Pivoriūnas A. Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Opens and Closes the Endothelial Blood-Brain Barrier in a Concentration-Dependent Manner. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:1211-1221. [PMID: 35859077 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03678-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Multiple paracrine factors are implicated in the regulation of barrier properties of human brain endothelial cells (BECs) in different physiologic and pathologic settings. We have recently demonstrated that autocrine secretion of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) by BECs is necessary for the establishment of endothelial barrier (as demonstrated by high trans-endothelial electric resistance, TEER), whereas exogenous bFGF inhibits TEER in a concentration-dependent manner. In the present study we analysed the contribution of MAPK/ERK and STAT3 signalling pathways to the inhibitory effects of exogenous bFGF. Treatment with bFGF (8 ng/ml) for 3 days increased phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and STAT3. Treatment with FGF receptor 1 (FGFR1) inhibitor PD173074 (15 μM) suppressed both basal and bFGF-induced activation of ERK1/2 and STAT3. Suppression of STAT signalling with Janus kinase inhibitor JAKi (15 nM) alone or in the presence of bFGF did not change TEER in BEC monolayers. Exposure to JAKi affected neither proliferation, nor expression and distribution of tight junction (TJ) proteins claudin-5, occludin and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1). In contrast, treatment with MEK 1/2 inhibitor U0126 (10 μM) partially neutralised inhibitory effect of bFGF thus increasing TEER, whereas U0126 alone did not affect resistance of endothelial barrier. Our findings demonstrate that MAPK/ERK signalling pathway does not affect autocrine bFGF signalling-dependent BECs barrier function but is largely responsible for the disruptive effects of the exogenous bFGF. We speculate that bFGF may (depending on concentration and possibly origin) dynamically regulate permeability of the endothelial blood-brain barrier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Kriaučiūnaitė
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, 01102, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Agnė Pociūtė
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, 01102, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Aida Kaušylė
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, 01102, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Alexei Verkhratsky
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, 01102, Vilnius, Lithuania.
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Achucarro Centre for Neuroscience, 48011, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Augustas Pivoriūnas
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, 01102, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wu J, Zhu Z, Liu W, Zhang Y, Kang Y, Liu J, Hu C, Wang R, Zhang M, Chen L, Shao L. How Nanoparticles Open the Paracellular Route of Biological Barriers: Mechanisms, Applications, and Prospects. ACS NANO 2022; 16:15627-15652. [PMID: 36121682 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c05317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Biological barriers are essential physiological protective systems and obstacles to drug delivery. Nanoparticles (NPs) can access the paracellular route of biological barriers, either causing adverse health impacts on humans or producing therapeutic opportunities. This Review introduces the structural and functional influences of NPs on the key components that govern the paracellular route, mainly tight junctions, adherens junctions, and cytoskeletons. Furthermore, we evaluate their interaction mechanisms and address the influencing factors that determine the ability of NPs to open the paracellular route, which provides a better knowledge of how NPs can open the paracellular route in a safer and more controllable way. Finally, we summarize limitations in the research models and methodologies of the existing research in the field and provide future research direction. This Review demonstrates the in-depth causes for the reversible opening or destruction of the integrity of barriers generated by NPs; more importantly, it contributes insights into the design of NP-based medications to boost paracellular drug delivery efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junrong Wu
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhenjun Zhu
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Yiyuan Kang
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Chen Hu
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ruolan Wang
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Manjin Zhang
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Longquan Shao
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou 510515, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cai L, Gong Q, Qi L, Xu T, Suo Q, Li X, Wang W, Jing Y, Yang D, Xu Z, Yuan F, Tang Y, Yang G, Ding J, Chen H, Tian H. ACT001 attenuates microglia-mediated neuroinflammation after traumatic brain injury via inhibiting AKT/NFκB/NLRP3 pathway. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:56. [PMID: 35461293 PMCID: PMC9035258 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00862-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Microglia-mediated neuroinflammatory response following traumatic brain injury (TBI) is considered as a vital secondary injury factor, which drives trauma-induced neurodegeneration and is lack of efficient treatment. ACT001, a sesquiterpene lactone derivative, is reportedly involved in alleviation of inflammatory response. However, little is known regarding its function in regulating innate immune response of central nervous system (CNS) after TBI. This study aimed to investigate the role and underlying mechanism of ACT001 in TBI.
Methods
Controlled cortical impact (CCI) models were used to establish model of TBI. Cresyl violet staining, evans blue extravasation, neurobehavioral function assessments, immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy were used to evaluate therapeutic effects of ACT001 in vivo. Microglial depletion was induced by administering mice with colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) inhibitor, PLX5622. Cell-cell interaction models were established as co-culture system to simulate TBI conditions in vitro. Cytotoxic effect of ACT001 on cell viability was assessed by cell counting kit-8 and activation of microglia cells were induced by Lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Pro-inflammatory cytokines expression was determined by Real-time PCR and nitric oxide production. Apoptotic cells were detected by TUNEL and flow cytometry assays. Tube formation was performed to evaluate cellular angiogenic ability. ELISA and western blot experiments were used to determine proteins expression. Pull-down assay was used to analyze proteins that bound ACT001.
Results
ACT001 relieved the extent of blood-brain barrier integrity damage and alleviated motor function deficits after TBI via reducing trauma-induced activation of microglia cells. Delayed depletion of microglia with PLX5622 hindered therapeutic effect of ACT001. Furthermore, ACT001 alleviated LPS-induced activation in mouse and rat primary microglia cells. Besides, ACT001 was effective in suppressing LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines production in BV2 cells, resulting in reduction of neuronal apoptosis in HT22 cells and improvement of tube formation in bEnd.3 cells. Mechanism by which ACT001 functioned was related to AKT/NFκB/NLRP3 pathway. ACT001 restrained NFκB nuclear translocation in microglia cells through inhibiting AKT phosphorylation, resulting in decrease of NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and finally down-regulated microglial neuroinflammatory response.
Conclusions
Our study indicated that ACT001 played critical role in microglia-mediated neuroinflammatory response and might be a novel potential chemotherapeutic drug for TBI.
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang Y, Li Q, Hu J, Wang C, Wan D, Li Q, Jiang Q, Du L, Jin Y. Nasal Delivery of Cinnarizine Thermo- and Ion-Sensitive In Situ Hydrogels for Treatment of Microwave-Induced Brain Injury. Gels 2022; 8:gels8020108. [PMID: 35200489 PMCID: PMC8872061 DOI: 10.3390/gels8020108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: When the body is exposed to microwave radiation, the brain is more susceptible to damage than other organs. However, few effective drugs are available for the treatment of microwave-induced brain injury (MIBI) because most drugs are difficult to cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB) to reach the brain. (2) Methods: Nasal cinnarizine inclusion complexes with thermo-and ion-sensitive hydrogels (cinnarizine ISGs) were prepared to treat MIBI and the characteristics of the inclusion complexes and their thermo-and ion-sensitive hydrogels were evaluated. (3) Results: Due to high viscosity, cinnarizine ISGs can achieve long-term retention in the nasal cavity to achieve a sustained release effect. Compared with the model, the intranasal thermo-and ion-sensitive cinnarizine ISGs significantly improved the microwave-induced spatial memory and spontaneous exploration behavior with Morris water maze and open field tests. Cinnarizine ISGs inhibited the expression of calcineurin and calpain 1 in the brain, which may be related to the inhibition of calcium overload by cinnarizine. (4) Conclusion: Intranasal thermo- and ion-sensitive cinnarizine ISGs are a promising brain-targeted pharmaceutical preparation against MIBI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (C.W.); (D.W.); (Q.L.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (J.H.); (Y.J.)
| | - Qian Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (C.W.); (D.W.); (Q.L.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (J.H.); (Y.J.)
| | - Jinglu Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (J.H.); (Y.J.)
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Chunqing Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (C.W.); (D.W.); (Q.L.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (J.H.); (Y.J.)
| | - Delian Wan
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (C.W.); (D.W.); (Q.L.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (J.H.); (Y.J.)
| | - Qi Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (C.W.); (D.W.); (Q.L.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (J.H.); (Y.J.)
| | - Qingwei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
- Correspondence: (Q.J.); (L.D.)
| | - Lina Du
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (C.W.); (D.W.); (Q.L.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (J.H.); (Y.J.)
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Correspondence: (Q.J.); (L.D.)
| | - Yiguang Jin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (J.H.); (Y.J.)
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Brain-targeted drug delivery assisted by physical techniques and its potential applications in traditional Chinese medicine. JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcms.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
|
8
|
Zhang Q, Zheng M, Betancourt CE, Liu L, Sitikov A, Sladojevic N, Zhao Q, Zhang JH, Liao JK, Wu R. Increase in Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) Permeability Is Regulated by MMP3 via the ERK Signaling Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6655122. [PMID: 33859779 PMCID: PMC8026308 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6655122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The blood-brain barrier (BBB) regulates the exchange of molecules between the brain and peripheral blood and is composed primarily of microvascular endothelial cells (BMVECs), which form the lining of cerebral blood vessels and are linked via tight junctions (TJs). The BBB is regulated by components of the extracellular matrix (ECM), and matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3) remodels the ECM's basal lamina, which forms part of the BBB. Oxidative stress is implicated in activation of MMPs and impaired BBB. Thus, we investigated whether MMP3 modulates BBB permeability. METHODS Experiments included in vivo assessments of isoflurane anesthesia and dye extravasation from brain in wild-type (WT) and MMP3-deficient (MMP3-KO) mice, as well as in vitro assessments of the integrity of monolayers of WT and MMP3-KO BMVECs and the expression of junction proteins. RESULTS Compared to WT mice, measurements of isoflurane usage and anesthesia induction time were higher in MMP3-KO mice and lower in WT that had been treated with MMP3 (WT+MMP3), while anesthesia emergence times were shorter in MMP3-KO mice and longer in WT+MMP3 mice than in WT. Extravasation of systemically administered dyes was also lower in MMP3-KO mouse brains and higher in WT+MMP3 mouse brains, than in the brains of WT mice. The results from both TEER and Transwell assays indicated that MMP3 deficiency (or inhibition) increased, while MMP3 upregulation reduced barrier integrity in either BMVEC or the coculture. MMP3 deficiency also increased the abundance of TJs and VE-cadherin proteins in BMVECs, and the protein abundance declined when MMP3 activity was upregulated in BMVECs, but not when the cells were treated with an inhibitor of extracellular signal related-kinase (ERK). CONCLUSION MMP3 increases BBB permeability following the administration of isoflurane by upregulating the ERK signaling pathway, which subsequently reduces TJ and VE-cadherin proteins in BMVECs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences Division-Cardiology, University of Chicago, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Mei Zheng
- Department of Biological Sciences Division-Cardiology, University of Chicago, USA
| | | | - Lifeng Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences Division-Cardiology, University of Chicago, USA
| | - Albert Sitikov
- Department of Biological Sciences Division-Cardiology, University of Chicago, USA
| | - Nikola Sladojevic
- Department of Biological Sciences Division-Cardiology, University of Chicago, USA
| | - Qiong Zhao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Inova Heart and Vascular Institute, USA
| | - John H. Zhang
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Loma Linda University, School of Medicine, USA
| | - James K. Liao
- Department of Biological Sciences Division-Cardiology, University of Chicago, USA
| | - Rongxue Wu
- Department of Biological Sciences Division-Cardiology, University of Chicago, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lai YF, Wang HY, Peng RY. Establishment of injury models in studies of biological effects induced by microwave radiation. Mil Med Res 2021; 8:12. [PMID: 33597038 PMCID: PMC7890848 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-021-00303-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Microwave radiation has been widely used in various fields, such as communication, industry, medical treatment, and military applications. Microwave radiation may cause injuries to both the structures and functions of various organs, such as the brain, heart, reproductive organs, and endocrine organs, which endanger human health. Therefore, it is both theoretically and clinically important to conduct studies on the biological effects induced by microwave radiation. The successful establishment of injury models is of great importance to the reliability and reproducibility of these studies. In this article, we review the microwave exposure conditions, subjects used to establish injury models, the methods used for the assessment of the injuries, and the indicators implemented to evaluate the success of injury model establishment in studies on biological effects induced by microwave radiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Fei Lai
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Hao-Yu Wang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Rui-Yun Peng
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
WANG KAI, ZHANG FENGTIAN, WEN CHANGLONG, HUANG ZHIHUA, HU ZHIHAO, ZHANG YUWEN, HU FUQIANG, WEN LIJUAN. Regulation of pathological blood-brain barrier for intracranial enhanced drug delivery and anti-glioblastoma therapeutics. Oncol Res 2021. [DOI: 10.32604/or.2022.025696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
|
11
|
Gao P, Chen Q, Hu J, Lin Y, Lin J, Guo Q, Yue H, Zhou Y, Zeng L, Li J, Ding G, Guo G. Effect of ultra‑wide‑band electromagnetic pulses on blood‑brain barrier permeability in rats. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:2775-2782. [PMID: 32945403 PMCID: PMC7453585 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The restrictive nature of the blood brain barrier (BBB) brings a particular challenge to the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) disorders. The effect of ultra-wide band electromagnetic pulses (UWB-EMPs) on BBB permeability was examined in the present study in order to develop a safe and effective technology that opens the BBB to improve treatment options for CNS diseases. Rats were exposed to a single UWB-EMP at various field strengths (50, 200 or 400 kV/m) and the BBB was examined using albumin immunohistochemistry and Evans blue staining at different time periods (0.5, 3, 6 and 24 h) after exposure. The expression and distribution of zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1) were evaluated using western blotting to identify a potential mechanism underlying BBB permeability. The results showed that the BBB permeability of rats exposed to UWB-EMP increased immediately following UWM-EMP treatment and peaked between 3 and 6 h after UWB-EMP exposure, returning to pre-exposure levels 24 h later. The data suggested that UWB-EMP at 200 and 400 kV/m could induce BBB opening, while 50 kV/m UWB-EMP could not. The levels of ZO-1 in the cerebral cortex were significantly decreased at 3 and 6 h after exposure; however, no change was observed in the distribution of ZO-1. The present study indicated that UWB-EMP-induced BBB opening was field strength-dependent and reversible. Decreased expression of ZO-1 may be involved in the effect of UWB-EMP on BBB permeability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Gao
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Airforce Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Qin Chen
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Airforce Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Junfeng Hu
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Airforce Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Yanyun Lin
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Airforce Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Jiajin Lin
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Airforce Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Qiyan Guo
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Airforce Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Hao Yue
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Airforce Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Airforce Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Lihua Zeng
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Airforce Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Airforce Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Guirong Ding
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Airforce Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Guozhen Guo
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Airforce Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Cui P, Wang Y, Li Y, Ge L. Vitamin D Attenuates Hypoxia-Induced Injury in Rat Primary Neuron Cells through Downregulation of the Dual Oxidase 1 (DUOX1) Gene. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e925350. [PMID: 32712621 PMCID: PMC7405618 DOI: 10.12659/msm.925350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects of vitamin D. MATERIAL AND METHODS Rat primary neuron cells were incubated under a hypoxia condition [a hypoxic chamber mixed with anaerobic gas (90% N₂, 5% CO₂) and 5% O₂] to induce cell injury. Cell transfection was performed to overexpress or suppress the expression of dual oxidase 1 (DUOX1). The malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were detected using a MDA (A003-2) or SOD (A001-1) kit. DUOX1 mRNA levels were detected using RT-PCR. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha), DUOX1, vitamin D receptor (VDR), NF-kappaB protein expressions were determined by western blotting. Cell apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were evaluated by flow cytometry. RESULTS ROS increased significantly after hypoxic treatment. The expressions of HIF-1alpha and DUOX1 were significantly increased after hypoxic treatment. Vitamin D could decrease ROS level, apoptotic neuron cells and DUOX1 expression, and increase VDR expression. Downregulation of DUOX1 significantly decreased MDA level and apoptotic percentages of neuron cells, increased SOD level, and counteracted the hypoxia-induced increase of NF-kappaB signal. Further study showed that overexpression of DUOX1 significantly increased MDA level, ROS level, apoptotic percentages of neuron cells, and NF-kappaB nuclear signaling, while decreased SOD level. Vitamin D significantly counteracted the effects of DUOX1 overexpression induced injury in rat primary neuron cells. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicated that vitamin D may protect neuron cells from hypoxia-induced injury by regulating DUOX1 via the NF-kappaB signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Cui
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, NHC Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology (Shandong University), Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
- Ear, Nose, Throat (ENT) Department, People’s Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, NHC Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology (Shandong University), Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Yanzhong Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, NHC Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology (Shandong University), Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Lei Ge
- Department of Emergency, People’s Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao, Shandong, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Poque E, Arnaud-Cormos D, Patrignoni L, Ruigrok HJ, Poulletier De Gannes F, Hurtier A, Renom R, Garenne A, Lagroye I, Lévêque P, Percherancier Y. Effects of radiofrequency fields on RAS and ERK kinases activity in live cells using the bioluminescence resonance energy transfer technique. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 96:836-843. [PMID: 32052678 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1730016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: The present study was conducted to re-evaluate the effect of low-level 1800 MHz RF signals on RAS/MAPK activation in live cells.Material and methods: Using Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer technique (BRET), we assessed the effect of Continuous wave (CW) and Global System for Mobile (GSM)-modulated 1800 MHz signals (up to 2 W/kg) on ERK and RAS kinases' activity in live HuH7 cells.Results: We found that radiofrequency field (RF) exposure for 24 h altered neither basal level of RAS and ERK activation nor the potency of phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) to activate RAS and ERK kinases. However, we found that exposure to GSM-modulated 1800 MHz signals at 2 W/kg decreased the PMA maximal efficacy to activate both RAS and ERK kinases' activity. Exposure with CW 1800 MHz signal at 2 W/kg only decreased maximal efficacy of PMA to activate ERK but not RAS. No effects of RF exposure at 0.5 W/kg was observed on maximal efficacy of PMA to activate either RAS or ERK whatever the signal used.Conclusions: Our results indicate that RF exposure decreases the efficiency of the cascade of events, which, from the binding of PMA to its receptor(s), leads to the activation of RAS and ERK kinases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Poque
- IMS Laboratory, CNRS, UMR 5218, Université de Bordeaux, Talence, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Annabelle Hurtier
- IMS Laboratory, CNRS, UMR 5218, Université de Bordeaux, Talence, France
| | - Rémy Renom
- IMS Laboratory, CNRS, UMR 5218, Université de Bordeaux, Talence, France
| | - André Garenne
- Bordeaux University, CNRS, Institute of Neurodegenerative Diseases, UMR 5293, Talence, France
| | - Isabelle Lagroye
- IMS Laboratory, CNRS, UMR 5218, Université de Bordeaux, Talence, France.,Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, EPHE, Paris, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tian Y, Xia Z, Li M, Zhang G, Cui H, Li B, Zhou H, Dong J. The relationship between microwave radiation injury and abnormal lipid metabolism. Chem Phys Lipids 2019; 225:104802. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2019.104802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
15
|
Cong X, Kong W. Endothelial tight junctions and their regulatory signaling pathways in vascular homeostasis and disease. Cell Signal 2019; 66:109485. [PMID: 31770579 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.109485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial tight junctions (TJs) regulate the transport of water, ions, and molecules through the paracellular pathway, serving as an important barrier in blood vessels and maintaining vascular homeostasis. In endothelial cells (ECs), TJs are highly dynamic structures that respond to multiple external stimuli and pathological conditions. Alterations in the expression, distribution, and structure of endothelial TJs may lead to many related vascular diseases and pathologies. In this review, we provide an overview of the assessment methods used to evaluate endothelial TJ barrier function both in vitro and in vivo and describe the composition of endothelial TJs in diverse vascular systems and ECs. More importantly, the direct phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of TJ proteins by intracellular kinases and phosphatases, as well as the signaling pathways involved in the regulation of TJs, including and the protein kinase C (PKC), PKA, PKG, Ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt, and Wnt/β-catenin pathways, are discussed. With great advances in this area, targeting endothelial TJs may provide novel treatment for TJ-related vascular pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Cong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Wei Kong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing 100191, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ding XW, Sun X, Shen XF, Lu Y, Wang JQ, Sun ZR, Miao CH, Chen JW. Propofol attenuates TNF-α-induced MMP-9 expression in human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells by inhibiting Ca 2+/CAMK II/ERK/NF-κB signaling pathway. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2019; 40:1303-1313. [PMID: 31235816 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-019-0258-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) is able to degrade collagen IV, an important component of blood-brain barrier (BBB). Expression of MMPs, especially MMP-9, correlates with BBB disruption during central nervous system inflammation. Propofol has been reported to have anti-inflammation effects. In this study, we investigated the effects of propofol on TNF-α-induced MMP-9 expression in human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (hCMEC/D3 cells) and explored the underlying mechanisms. The hCMEC/D3 cells were treated with propofol (25 μM), followed by TNF-α (25 ng/mL). We showed that TNF-α treatment markedly increased MMP-9 expression and decreased collagen IV expression in hCMEC/D3 cells, which was blocked by pretreatment with propofol. TNF-α-induced downregulation of collagen IV was also reversed by MMP-9 knockdown with siRNA. We revealed that TNF-α upregulated MMP-9 expression in hCMEC/D3 cells through activation of Ca2+/CAMK II/ERK/NF-κB signaling pathway; co-treatment with inhibitors of CaMK II (KN93), ERK (LY3214996), NF-κB (PDTC) or Ca2+chelator (BAPTA-AM) abrogated the effect of TNF-α on MMP-9 expression. We further established an in vitro BBB model by co-culturing of hCMEC/D3 cells and human astrocytes for 6 days and measuring trans-endothelial electrical resistance (TEER) to reflect the BBB permeability. TNF-α treatment markedly decreased TEER value, which was attenuated by pretreatment with propofol (25 μM) or MMP-9 knockdown with siRNA. In conclusion, propofol inhibits TNF-α-induced MMP-9 expression in hCMEC/D3 cells via repressing the Ca2+/CAMKII/ERK/NF-κB signaling pathway. TNF-α-impaired BBB integrity could be reversed by propofol, and propofol attenuates the inhibitory effect of TNF-α on collagen IV.
Collapse
|
17
|
Zeng X, Liu Q, Yang Y, Jia W, Li S, He D, Ma R. Placenta-specific protein 8 promotes the proliferation of lung adenocarcinoma PC-9 cells and their tolerance to an epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor by activating the ERK signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:5621-5627. [PMID: 31620204 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Placenta-specific protein 8 (PLAC8) is a conserved protein with a molecular weight of 12.5 kDa. The specific function of this protein has not been fully elucidated, however, PLAC8 has been found to play an important tumor regulatory role in certain types of cancer, including colon, pancreatic and liver cancer. PLAC8 also participates in the regulation of the cell cycle, autophagy, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and other cellular functions, indicating its potential as a molecular target worth further investigation. The present study investigated the effect of PLAC8 on the proliferation of lung adenocarcinoma PC-9 cells and their sensitivity to gefitinib, an epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI). It was found that the inhibition of PLAC8 expression in PC-9 cells resulted in significantly decreased proliferation, whereas overexpression of PLAC8 significantly increased the proliferation (P<0.05) of PC-9 cells. Furthermore, inhibition of PLAC8 expression resulted in decreased activity of the ERK signaling pathway, while PLAC8 overexpression increased activity of this pathway. Inhibition of the ERK signaling pathway with U0126 reversed the effects induced by inhibiting or overexpressing PLAC8 on cell proliferation. In addition, overexpression of PLAC8 significantly decreased the sensitivity of PC-9 cells to gefitinib, and this effect was reversed by U0126. Overall, these results suggest that PLAC8 is involved in the regulation of proliferation of lung adenocarcinoma PC-9 cells and impacts their sensitivity to an EGFR-TKI. Thus, PLAC8 is a potential novel target in lung adenocarcinoma for future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Zeng
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, P.R. China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Yanhui Yang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Neijiang, Sichuan 641000, P.R. China
| | - Weikun Jia
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, P.R. China
| | - Shuping Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, P.R. China
| | - Dongsheng He
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, P.R. China
| | - Ruidong Ma
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang Q, Deng Y, Huang L, Zeng W, Chen S, Lv B, Jiang W, Han Y, Ding H, Wen M, Zeng H. Hypertonic saline downregulates endothelial cell-derived VEGF expression and reduces blood-brain barrier permeability induced by cerebral ischaemia via the VEGFR2/eNOS pathway. Int J Mol Med 2019; 44:1078-1090. [PMID: 31524227 PMCID: PMC6657973 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to explore the possible mechanisms by which hypertonic saline (HS) effectively ameliorates cerebral oedema via the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2)-mediated endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) pathway of endothelial cells in rats. A middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model in Sprague-Dawley rats and an oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) model in cells were used in the present study. Evans blue (EB) staining and a horseradish peroxidase flux assay were performed to evaluate the protective effect of 10% HS on the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGFR2, zonula occludens 1 (ZO1) and occludin were quantified. The results demonstrated that 10% HS effectively reduced EB extravasation in the peri-ischaemic brain tissue. At 24 h after MCAO, the protein expression levels of VEGF and VEGFR2 in the peri-ischaemic brain tissue were downregulated following treatment with 10% HS. In vitro experiments demonstrated that the permeability of a monolayer endothelial cell barrier was decreased significantly following HS treatment. In addition, VEGF and VEGFR2 protein expression levels were increased in endothelial cells under hypoxic conditions, but that effect was suppressed by HS treatment. Furthermore, HS inhibited the downregulation of ZO1 and occludin effectively, possibly through the VEGFR2/phospholipase C γ1 (PLCγ1)/eNOS signalling pathway. In conclusion, 10% HS may alleviate cerebral oedema through reducing ischaemia-induced BBB permeability, as a consequence of inhibiting VEGFR2/PLCγ1/eNOS-mediated downregulation of ZO1 and occludin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaosheng Wang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Yiyu Deng
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Linqiang Huang
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Wenxin Zeng
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Shenglong Chen
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Bo Lv
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Wenqiang Jiang
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Yongli Han
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Hongguang Ding
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Miaoyun Wen
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Hongke Zeng
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ligustilide Ameliorates the Permeability of the Blood–Brain Barrier Model In Vitro During Oxygen–Glucose Deprivation Injury Through HIF/VEGF Pathway. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2019; 73:316-325. [DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
20
|
Kunze R, Marti HH. Angioneurins - Key regulators of blood-brain barrier integrity during hypoxic and ischemic brain injury. Prog Neurobiol 2019; 178:101611. [PMID: 30970273 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The loss of blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity leading to vasogenic edema and brain swelling is a common feature of hypoxic/ischemic brain diseases such as stroke, but is also central to the etiology of other CNS disorders. In the past decades, numerous proteins, belonging to the family of angioneurins, have gained increasing attention as potential therapeutic targets for ischemic stroke, but also other CNS diseases attributed to BBB dysfunction. Angioneurins encompass mediators that affect both neuronal and vascular function. Recently, increasing evidence has been accumulated that certain angioneurins critically determine disease progression and outcome in stroke among others through multifaceted effects on the compromised BBB. Here, we will give a concise overview about the family of angioneurins. We further describe the most important cellular and molecular components that contribute to structural integrity and low permeability of the BBB under steady-state conditions. We then discuss BBB alterations in ischemic stroke, and highlight underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms. For the most prominent angioneurin family members including vascular endothelial growth factors, angiopoietins, platelet-derived growth factors and erythropoietin, we will summarize current scientific literature from experimental studies in animal models, and if available from clinical trials, on the following points: (i) spatiotemporal expression of these factors in the healthy and hypoxic/ischemic CNS, (ii) impact of loss- or gain-of-function during cerebral hypoxia/ischemia for BBB integrity and beyond, and (iii) potential underlying molecular mechanisms. Moreover, we will highlight novel therapeutic strategies based on the activation of endogenous angioneurins that might improve BBB dysfuntion during ischemic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reiner Kunze
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Germany.
| | - Hugo H Marti
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sun ZY, Wang FJ, Guo H, Chen L, Chai LJ, Li RL, Hu LM, Wang H, Wang SX. Shuxuetong injection protects cerebral microvascular endothelial cells against oxygen-glucose deprivation reperfusion. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:783-793. [PMID: 30688264 PMCID: PMC6375046 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.249226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Shuxuetong injection composed of leech (Hirudo nipponica Whitman) and earthworm (Pheretima aspergillum) has been used for the clinical treatment of acute stroke for many years in China. However, the precise neuroprotective mechanism of Shuxuetong injection remains poorly understood. Here, cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (bEnd.3) were incubated in glucose-free Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium containing 95% N2/5% CO2 for 6 hours, followed by high-glucose medium containing 95% O2 and 5% CO2 for 18 hours to establish an oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion model. This in vitro cell model was administered Shuxuetong injection at 1/32, 1/64, and 1/128 concentrations (diluted 32-, 64-, and 128-times). Cell Counting Kit-8 assay was used to evaluate cell viability. A fluorescence method was used to measure lactate dehydrogenase, and a fluorescence microplate reader used to detect intracellular reactive oxygen species. A fluorescent probe was also used to measure mitochondrial superoxide production. A cell resistance meter was used to measure transepithelial resistance and examine integrity of monolayer cells. The fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran test was performed to examine blood-brain barrier permeability. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was performed to analyze mRNA expression levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and inducible nitric oxide synthase. Western blot assay was performed to analyze expression of caspase-3, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, occludin, vascular endothelial growth factor, cleaved caspase-3, B-cell lymphoma 2, phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase, extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase, nuclear factor-κB p65, I kappa B alpha, phosphorylated I kappa B alpha, I kappa B kinase, phosphorylated I kappa B kinase, claudin-5, and zonula occludens-1. Our results show that Shuxuetong injection increases bEnd.3 cell viability and B-cell lymphoma 2 expression, reduces cleaved caspase-3 expression, inhibits production of reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial superoxide, suppresses expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, markedly increases transepithelial resistance, decreases blood-brain barrier permeability, upregulates claudin-5, occludin, and zonula occludens-1 expression, reduces nuclear factor-κB p65 and vascular endothelial growth factor expression, and reduces I kappa B alpha, extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2, and I kappa B kinase phosphorylation levels. Overall, these findings suggest that Shuxuetong injection has protective effects on brain microvascular endothelial cells after oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion. Moreover, its protective effect is associated with reduction of mitochondrial superoxide production, inhibition of the inflammatory response, and inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor, extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2, and the nuclear factor-κB p65 signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zuo-Yan Sun
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin; Department of Pharmacy, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi, Shandong Province, China
| | - Fu-Jiang Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong Guo
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Li-Juan Chai
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Rui-Lin Li
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Li-Min Hu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shao-Xia Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine; School of Integrative Medicine; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formula, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhou H, Dong G, Zheng W, Wang S, Wang L, Zhi W, Wang C. Radiofrequency radiation at 2.856 GHz does not affect key cellular endpoints in neuron-like PC12 cells. Electromagn Biol Med 2018; 38:102-110. [PMID: 30482060 DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2018.1550787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the potential cytotoxicity of radiofrequency (RF) radiation on central nervous system, rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells were exposed to 2.856 GHz RF radiation at a specific absorption rate (SAR) of 4 W/kg for 8 h a day for 2 days in 35 mm Petri dishes. During exposure, the real-time variation of the culture medium temperature was monitored in the first hour. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, intracellular Ca2+ concentration, and cell apoptosis rate were assessed immediately after exposure by flow cytometry. The results showed that the medium temperature raised about 0.93 °C, but no significant changes were observed in apoptosis, ROS levels or intracellular Ca2+ concentration after treatment. Although several studies suggested that RF radiation does indeed cause neurological effects, this study presented inconsistent results, indicating that 2.856 GHz RF radiation exposure at a SAR of 4 W/kg does not have a dramatic impact on PC12 cells, and suggests the need for further investigation on the key cellular endpoints of other nerve cells after exposure to RF radiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Zhou
- a Department of Experimental Pathology , Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing P. R. China
| | - Guofu Dong
- a Department of Experimental Pathology , Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing P. R. China
| | - Wen Zheng
- a Department of Experimental Pathology , Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing P. R. China
| | - Shuiming Wang
- a Department of Experimental Pathology , Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing P. R. China
| | - Lifeng Wang
- a Department of Experimental Pathology , Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing P. R. China
| | - Weijia Zhi
- a Department of Experimental Pathology , Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing P. R. China
| | - Changzhen Wang
- a Department of Experimental Pathology , Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yang J, Xu Z, Gao J, Liao C, Wang P, Liu Y, Ke T, Li Q, Han D. Evaluation of early acute radiation-induced brain injury: Hybrid multifunctional MRI-based study. Magn Reson Imaging 2018; 54:101-108. [PMID: 30165095 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiation injury is a serious threat to humans that requires prompt and accurate diagnosis and assessment. Currently, there is no effective imaging method to evaluate acute radiation injury in the early stage. We used hybrid multifunctional MRI to evaluate acute radiation-induced brain injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS Different extents of brain injury were created by exposing SD rats to different radiation doses, namely, 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 Gy. DCE, IVIM-MRI and MRS were performed on the 5th day after irradiation. Immunohistochemistry, western blotting and electron microscopy were used to determine histopathological changes in neurons and glial cells. RESULTS The Ktrans, Ve, and iAUC values in DCE and the S0, f and D* values in IVIM showed significant positive correlations with injury grade. In particular, Ktrans, iAUC and S0 showed very good correlations with injury grade (r > 0.5, P < 0.05), and the values in the 30 Gy group were significantly higher than those in the other groups (P < 0.05). The NAA/Cr ratio in the 30 Gy group was significantly lower than those in the other groups, whereas the NAA/Cho ratio increased from the 10 Gy to the 20 Gy group and decreased significantly in the 30 Gy group (P < 0.05). VEGF, Caspase-3 and GFAP increased with irradiation dose increasing from 10 Gy to 30 Gy (P < 0.05). ROC analysis demonstrated that multifunctional MRI was more effective for diagnosing the 30 Gy group than it was for the 10 Gy and 20 Gy groups. CONCLUSION Hybrid multifunctional MRI can noninvasively evaluate acute radiation-induced brain injury in the early stage, particularly high-dose radiation exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, No. 519 Kunzhou Road, Xishan District, Kunming 650118, Yunnan, PR China; Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No. 295 Xichang Road, Kunming 650032, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Zeyan Xu
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, No. 519 Kunzhou Road, Xishan District, Kunming 650118, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Jingyan Gao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, No. 519 Kunzhou Road, Xishan District, Kunming 650118, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Chengde Liao
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, No. 519 Kunzhou Road, Xishan District, Kunming 650118, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Department of Key Laboratory, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No. 374 Dianmian Road, Kunming 650101, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Yifan Liu
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, No. 519 Kunzhou Road, Xishan District, Kunming 650118, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Tengfei Ke
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, No. 519 Kunzhou Road, Xishan District, Kunming 650118, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Qinqing Li
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, No. 519 Kunzhou Road, Xishan District, Kunming 650118, Yunnan, PR China.
| | - Dan Han
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No. 295 Xichang Road, Kunming 650032, Yunnan, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhai Z, Ni X, Jin C, Ren W, Li J, Deng J, Deng B, Yin Y. Cecropin A Modulates Tight Junction-Related Protein Expression and Enhances the Barrier Function of Porcine Intestinal Epithelial Cells by Suppressing the MEK/ERK Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19071941. [PMID: 30004434 PMCID: PMC6073479 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in humans and animals is associated with bacterial infection and intestinal barrier dysfunction. Cecropin A, an antimicrobial peptide, has antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria. However, the effect of cecropin A on intestinal barrier function and its related mechanisms is still unclear. Here, we used porcine jejunum epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) as a model to investigate the effect and mechanism of cecropin A on intestinal barrier function. We found that cecropin A reduced Escherichia coli (E. coli) adherence to IPEC-J2 cells and downregulated mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-8 (IL-8). Furthermore, cecropin A elevated the transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) value while reducing the paracellular permeability of the IPEC-J2 cell monolayer barrier. Finally, by using Western blotting, immunofluorescence and pathway-specific antagonists, we demonstrated that cecropin A increased ZO-1, claudin-1 and occludin protein expression and regulated membrane distribution and F-actin polymerization by increasing CDX2 expression. We conclude that cecropin A enhances porcine intestinal epithelial cell barrier function by downregulating the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway. We suggest that cecropin A has the potential to replace antibiotics in the treatment of IBD due to its antibacterial activity on gram-negative bacteria and its enhancement effect on intestinal barrier function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenya Zhai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Subtropical Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xiaojun Ni
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Subtropical Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China.
| | - Chenglong Jin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Subtropical Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China.
| | - Wenkai Ren
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Subtropical Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jie Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Subtropical Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jinping Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Subtropical Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China.
| | - Baichuan Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Subtropical Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yulong Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Subtropical Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, Hunan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ding XF, Wu Y, Qu WR, Fan M, Zhao YQ. Quinacrine pretreatment reduces microwave-induced neuronal damage by stabilizing the cell membrane. Neural Regen Res 2018; 13:449-455. [PMID: 29623929 PMCID: PMC5900507 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.228727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Quinacrine, widely used to treat parasitic diseases, binds to cell membranes. We previously found that quinacrine pretreatment reduced microwave radiation damage in rat hippocampal neurons, but the molecular mechanism remains poorly understood. Considering the thermal effects of microwave radiation and the protective effects of quinacrine on heat damage in cells, we hypothesized that quinacrine would prevent microwave radiation damage to cells in a mechanism associated with cell membrane stability. To test this, we used retinoic acid to induce PC12 cells to differentiate into neuron-like cells. We then pretreated the neurons with quinacrine (20 and 40 mM) and irradiated them with 50 mW/cm2 microwaves for 3 or 6 hours. Flow cytometry, atomic force microscopy and western blot assays revealed that irradiated cells pretreated with quinacrine showed markedly less apoptosis, necrosis, and membrane damage, and greater expression of heat shock protein 70, than cells exposed to microwave irradiation alone. These results suggest that quinacrine stabilizes the neuronal membrane structure by upregulating the expression of heat shock protein 70, thus reducing neuronal injury caused by microwave radiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Feng Ding
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Rui Qu
- Hand & Foot Surgery and Reparative & Reconstructive Surgery Center, Orthopedic Hospital of the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ming Fan
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Qi Zhao
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Liu X, Sui B, Sun J. Size- and shape-dependent effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on the permeabilization of the blood-brain barrier. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:9558-9570. [PMID: 32264570 DOI: 10.1039/c7tb01314k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) have been found to translocate into the brain by penetrating the blood-brain barrier (BBB), but it remains largely unknown how their physicochemical characteristics may impact BBB permeabilization. By testing TiO2 particles of different shapes and various sizes, we found that: (1) small, spherical TiO2-NPs permeabilized a BBB-like human brain microvasculature endothelial cell monolayer better than rod-like or large particles; (2) TiO2-NPs stimulated F-actin stress fiber formation, and induced paracellular gaps and ROCK II activation. The TiO2-NP-mediated BBB permeabilization was associated with intracellular uptake and cytoskeletal re-organization; and (3) in rats, spherical, small TiO2-NPs significantly increased the BBB permeability and entered the brain. The TiO2-NPs were accumulated in the brain, but no obvious pathological anomaly was observed in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Our study investigated the neurotoxicity of TiO2-NPs, thereby providing scientific evaluation for the potential biomedical applications of TiO2-NPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Shanghai Biomaterials Research & Testing Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No. 427, Ju-men Road, Shanghai 200023, P. R. China.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
VEGF promotes cartilage angiogenesis by phospho-ERK1/2 activation of Dll4 signaling in temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis caused by chronic sleep disturbance in Wistar rats. Oncotarget 2017; 8:17849-17861. [PMID: 28147322 PMCID: PMC5392291 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic sleep disturbance (CSD) has been linked to the development of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ-OA). While the pathogenesis of TMJ-OA is unclear, recent studies indicate that osteochondral angiogenesis is important. We developed a rat model of CSD induced TMJ-OA to investigate the changes caused by sleep disturbance and to correlate them with vascular invasion in the TMJ. We found pathological alterations and an increased microvessel density in the rat TMJ following CSD. VEGF, Dll4 and p-ERK1/2, the expression of angiogenic factors, were highly expressed in the rat mandibular condylar cartilage and their expression increased with CSD. Furthermore, we show that VEGF-induce activation of ERK1/2, which in turn, increases Dll4 expression. Together, our results suggest that CSD can cause OA-like pathological alterations in the rat TMJ by increasing angiogenesis.
Collapse
|
28
|
Wang H, Tan S, Xu X, Zhao L, Zhang J, Yao B, Gao Y, Zhou H, Peng R. Long term impairment of cognitive functions and alterations of NMDAR subunits after continuous microwave exposure. Physiol Behav 2017; 181:1-9. [PMID: 28866028 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The long term effects of continuous microwave exposure cannot be ignored for the simulation of the real environment and increasing concerns about the negative cognitive effects of microwave exposure. METHODS In this study, 220 male Wistar rats were exposed by a 2.856GHz radiation source with the average power density of 0, 2.5, 5 and 10mW/cm2 for 6min/day, 5days/week and up to 6weeks. The MWM task, the EEG analysis, the hippocampus structure observation and the western blot were applied until the 12months after microwave exposure to detect the spatial learning and memory abilities, the cortical electrical activity, changes of hippocampal structure and the NMDAR subunits expressions. RESULTS Results found that the rats in the 10mW/cm2 group showed the decline of spatial learning and memory abilities and EEG disorders (the decrease of EEG frequencies, and increase of EEG amplitudes and delta wave powers). Moreover, changes of basic structure and ultrastructure of hippocampus also found in the 10 and 5mW/cm2 groups. The decrease of NR 2A, 2B and p-NR2B might contribute to the impairment of cognitive functions. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that the continuous microwave exposure could cause the dose-dependent long term impairment of spatial learning and memory, the abnormalities of EEG and the hippocampal structure injuries. The decrease of NMDAR key subunits and phosphorylation of NR 2B might contribute to the cognitive impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Shengzhi Tan
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xinping Xu
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Binwei Yao
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yabing Gao
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Hongmei Zhou
- Division of Radiation Protection and Health Physics, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ruiyun Peng
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Belyaev I, Dean A, Eger H, Hubmann G, Jandrisovits R, Kern M, Kundi M, Moshammer H, Lercher P, Müller K, Oberfeld G, Ohnsorge P, Pelzmann P, Scheingraber C, Thill R. EUROPAEM EMF Guideline 2016 for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of EMF-related health problems and illnesses. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2016; 31:363-397. [PMID: 27454111 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2016-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic diseases and illnesses associated with non-specific symptoms are on the rise. In addition to chronic stress in social and work environments, physical and chemical exposures at home, at work, and during leisure activities are causal or contributing environmental stressors that deserve attention by the general practitioner as well as by all other members of the health care community. It seems necessary now to take "new exposures" like electromagnetic fields (EMF) into account. Physicians are increasingly confronted with health problems from unidentified causes. Studies, empirical observations, and patient reports clearly indicate interactions between EMF exposure and health problems. Individual susceptibility and environmental factors are frequently neglected. New wireless technologies and applications have been introduced without any certainty about their health effects, raising new challenges for medicine and society. For instance, the issue of so-called non-thermal effects and potential long-term effects of low-dose exposure were scarcely investigated prior to the introduction of these technologies. Common electromagnetic field or EMF sources: Radio-frequency radiation (RF) (3 MHz to 300 GHz) is emitted from radio and TV broadcast antennas, Wi-Fi access points, routers, and clients (e.g. smartphones, tablets), cordless and mobile phones including their base stations, and Bluetooth devices. Extremely low frequency electric (ELF EF) and magnetic fields (ELF MF) (3 Hz to 3 kHz) are emitted from electrical wiring, lamps, and appliances. Very low frequency electric (VLF EF) and magnetic fields (VLF MF) (3 kHz to 3 MHz) are emitted, due to harmonic voltage and current distortions, from electrical wiring, lamps (e.g. compact fluorescent lamps), and electronic devices. On the one hand, there is strong evidence that long-term exposure to certain EMFs is a risk factor for diseases such as certain cancers, Alzheimer's disease, and male infertility. On the other hand, the emerging electromagnetic hypersensitivity (EHS) is more and more recognized by health authorities, disability administrators and case workers, politicians, as well as courts of law. We recommend treating EHS clinically as part of the group of chronic multisystem illnesses (CMI), but still recognizing that the underlying cause remains the environment. In the beginning, EHS symptoms occur only occasionally, but over time they may increase in frequency and severity. Common EHS symptoms include headaches, concentration difficulties, sleep problems, depression, a lack of energy, fatigue, and flu-like symptoms. A comprehensive medical history, which should include all symptoms and their occurrences in spatial and temporal terms and in the context of EMF exposures, is the key to making the diagnosis. The EMF exposure is usually assessed by EMF measurements at home and at work. Certain types of EMF exposure can be assessed by asking about common EMF sources. It is very important to take the individual susceptibility into account. The primary method of treatment should mainly focus on the prevention or reduction of EMF exposure, that is, reducing or eliminating all sources of high EMF exposure at home and at the workplace. The reduction of EMF exposure should also be extended to public spaces such as schools, hospitals, public transport, and libraries to enable persons with EHS an unhindered use (accessibility measure). If a detrimental EMF exposure is reduced sufficiently, the body has a chance to recover and EHS symptoms will be reduced or even disappear. Many examples have shown that such measures can prove effective. To increase the effectiveness of the treatment, the broad range of other environmental factors that contribute to the total body burden should also be addressed. Anything that supports homeostasis will increase a person's resilience against disease and thus against the adverse effects of EMF exposure. There is increasing evidence that EMF exposure has a major impact on the oxidative and nitrosative regulation capacity in affected individuals. This concept also may explain why the level of susceptibility to EMF can change and why the range of symptoms reported in the context of EMF exposures is so large. Based on our current understanding, a treatment approach that minimizes the adverse effects of peroxynitrite - as has been increasingly used in the treatment of multisystem illnesses - works best. This EMF Guideline gives an overview of the current knowledge regarding EMF-related health risks and provides recommendations for the diagnosis, treatment and accessibility measures of EHS to improve and restore individual health outcomes as well as for the development of strategies for prevention.
Collapse
|
30
|
Li D, Tong L, Kawano H, Liu N, Yan HJ, Zhao L, Li HP. Regulation and role of ERK phosphorylation in glial cells following a nigrostriatal pathway injury. Brain Res 2016; 1648:90-100. [PMID: 27402431 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to examine the function of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway on the proliferation and activation of microglia/macrophage and astrocytes after brain injury in mice. The result of Western blot showed that p-ERK was immediately activated after injury (<4h), but the duration was short (<4 days). According to immunofluorescence double staining, it was found that at 4 and 8h after injury, p-ERK was expressed in microglia/macrophages, and that more cells were co-expressed by p-ERK and IBA-1 (microglia/macrophage marker) at 8h; at days 1 and 4, p-ERK was expressed in astrocytes, and more cells were co-expressed by p-ERK and GFAP (astrocyte marker) at day 4. After injury, the mice were injected with U0126 (MAPK/ERK signaling pathway inhibitor) via the femoral vein. Compared with those injected with DMSO, the cell number co-expressed by p-ERK and IBA-1 or GFAP significantly decreased (P<0.05). The increase of microglia/macrophage and astrocyte caused by injury was remitted, and the positive cell number significantly decreased (P<0.05). Western blot showed that the expression quantity of IBA-1 and GFAP significantly decreased (P<0.05). Furthermore, the ERK signaling pathway was involved in the proliferation and activation of the two glial cells types and improved long-term neurobehavioral function after brain injury. Therefore, the exploration of the formation mechanism of glial scar after injury and further research on the therapeutic method of neural regeneration are essential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lei Tong
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hitoshi Kawano
- Department of Health and Dietetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Science. Teikyo Heisei University, Tokyo 170-8445, Japan
| | - Nan Liu
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hong-Jing Yan
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hong-Peng Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Manna D, Ghosh R. Effect of radiofrequency radiation in cultured mammalian cells: A review. Electromagn Biol Med 2016; 35:265-301. [PMID: 27053138 DOI: 10.3109/15368378.2015.1092158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The use of mobile phone related technologies will continue to increase in the foreseeable future worldwide. This has drawn attention to the probable interaction of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation with different biological targets. Studies have been conducted on various organisms to evaluate the alleged ill-effect on health. We have therefore attempted to review those work limited to in vitro cultured cells where irradiation conditions were well controlled. Different investigators have studied varied endpoints like DNA damage, cell cycle arrest, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, cellular morphology and viability to weigh the genotoxic effect of such radiation by utilizing different frequencies and dose rates under various irradiation conditions that include continuous or pulsed exposures and also amplitude- or frequency-modulated waves. Cells adapt to change in their intra and extracellular environment from different chemical and physical stimuli through organized alterations in gene or protein expression that result in the induction of stress responses. Many studies have focused on such effects for risk estimations. Though the effects of microwave radiation on cells are often not pronounced, some investigators have therefore combined radiofrequency radiation with other physical or chemical agents to observe whether the effects of such agents were augmented or not. Such reports in cultured cellular systems have also included in this review. The findings from different workers have revealed that, effects were dependent on cell type and the endpoint selection. However, contradictory findings were also observed in same cell types with same assay, in such cases the specific absorption rate (SAR) values were significant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debashri Manna
- a Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics , University of Kalyani , Kalyani , India
| | - Rita Ghosh
- a Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics , University of Kalyani , Kalyani , India
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Bennani-Baiti B, Toegel S, Viernstein H, Urban E, Noe CR, Bennani-Baiti IM. Inflammation Modulates RLIP76/RALBP1 Electrophile-Glutathione Conjugate Transporter and Housekeeping Genes in Human Blood-Brain Barrier Endothelial Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139101. [PMID: 26406496 PMCID: PMC4583384 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells are often present at inflammation sites. This is the case of endothelial cells of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) of patients afflicted with neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, or multiple sclerosis, as well as in cases of bacterial meningitis, trauma, or tumor-associated ischemia. Inflammation is a known modulator of gene expression through the activation of transcription factors, mostly NF-κB. RLIP76 (a.k.a. RALBP1), an ATP-dependent transporter of electrophile-glutathione conjugates, modulates BBB permeability through the regulation of tight junction function, cell adhesion, and exocytosis. Genes and pathways regulated by RLIP76 are transcriptional targets of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) pro-inflammatory molecule, suggesting that RLIP76 may also be an inflammation target. To assess the effects of TNF-α on RLIP76, we faced the problem of choosing reference genes impervious to TNF-α. Since such genes were not known in human BBB endothelial cells, we subjected these to TNF-α, and measured by quantitative RT-PCR the expression of housekeeping genes commonly used as reference genes. We find most to be modulated, and analysis of several inflammation datasets as well as a metaanalysis of more than 5000 human tissue samples encompassing more than 300 cell types and diseases show that no single housekeeping gene may be used as a reference gene. Using three different algorithms, however, we uncovered a reference geneset impervious to TNF-α, and show for the first time that RLIP76 expression is induced by TNF-α and follows the induction kinetics of inflammation markers, suggesting that inflammation can influence RLIP76 expression at the BBB. We also show that MRP1 (a.k.a. ABCC1), another electrophile-glutathione transporter, is not modulated in the same cells and conditions, indicating that RLIP76 regulation by TNF-α is not a general property of glutathione transporters. The reference geneset uncovered herein should aid in future gene expression studies in inflammatory conditions of the BBB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Bennani-Baiti
- Department for Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Vienna General Hospital (AKH), Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer-Guertel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Toegel
- Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology, Department of Orthopaedics, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Helmut Viernstein
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ernst Urban
- Department for Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian R. Noe
- Department for Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Vitamin D prevents hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced blood-brain barrier disruption via vitamin D receptor-mediated NF-kB signaling pathways. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122821. [PMID: 25815722 PMCID: PMC4376709 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining blood-brain barrier integrity and minimizing neuronal injury are critical components of any therapeutic intervention following ischemic stroke. However, a low level of vitamin D hormone is a risk factor for many vascular diseases including stroke. The neuroprotective effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 (vitamin D) after ischemic stroke have been studied, but it is not known whether it prevents ischemic injury to brain endothelial cells, a key component of the neurovascular unit. We analyzed the effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 on brain endothelial cell barrier integrity and tight junction proteins after hypoxia/reoxygenation in a mouse brain endothelial cell culture model that closely mimics many of the features of the blood-brain barrier in vitro. Following hypoxic injury in bEnd.3 cells, 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment prevented the decrease in barrier function as measured by transendothelial electrical resistance and permeability of FITC-dextran (40 kDa), the decrease in the expression of the tight junction proteins zonula occludin-1, claudin-5, and occludin, the activation of NF-kB, and the increase in matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression. These responses were blocked when the interaction of 1,25(OH) )2D3 with the vitamin D receptor (VDR) was inhibited by pyridoxal 5'-phosphate treatment. Our findings show a direct, VDR-mediated, protective effect of 1,25(OH) )2D3 against ischemic injury-induced blood-brain barrier dysfunction in cerebral endothelial cells.
Collapse
|