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Mitchnick KA, Labardo S, Rosenbaum RS. Dissociations in perceptual discrimination following selective damage to the dentate gyrus versus CA1 subfield of the hippocampus. Cortex 2024; 179:191-214. [PMID: 39197409 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2024.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
The hippocampus (HPC) is well-known for its involvement in declarative (consciously accessible) memory, but there is evidence that it may also play a role in complex perceptual discrimination. Separate research has demonstrated separable contributions of HPC subregions to component memory processes, with the dentate gyrus (DG) required for mnemonic discrimination of similar inputs and the CA1 subfield required for retention and retrieval, but contributions of these subregions to perceptual processes is understudied. The current study examined the nature and extent of a double dissociation between the dentate gyrus (DG) to discrimination processes and CA1 subfield to retention/retrieval by testing two unique individuals with bilateral damage to the DG (case BL) and CA1 (case BR). We tested BL and BR on a wide range of standardized neuropsychological tests to assess information encoding and retention/retrieval and co-opted many measures to assess perceptual discrimination. Compared to normative data, BL exhibited performance below expectations on most measures requiring perceptual discrimination and on measures of encoding but demonstrated intact retention. Conversely, BR showed no difficulties with perceptual discrimination or verbal encoding but exhibited poor verbal retention, as well as poor encoding and retention of spatial/integrative tasks (e.g., object in a location). These results indicate that, despite its prominent role in memory, the DG is necessary for perceptual discrimination and encoding, whereas CA1 is necessary for retention/retrieval and encoding of spatial information. The pattern of results highlights the critical nature of individual case studies in the nuanced understanding of HPC subfield contributions to different memory processes, as well as the utility of repurposing neuropsychological measures to capture individual differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista A Mitchnick
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada; Rotman Research Institute at Baycrest Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Sabrina Labardo
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - R Shayna Rosenbaum
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada; Rotman Research Institute at Baycrest Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Centre for Integrative and Applied Neuroscience, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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2
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Gupta V, Prasad S. Differential Alterations in the Expression of AMPA Receptor and Its Trafficking Proteins in the Hippocampus Are Associated with Recognition Memory Impairment in the Rotenone-Parkinson's Disease Mouse Model: Neuroprotective Role of Bacopa monnieri Extract CDRI 08. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04392-1. [PMID: 39073529 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04392-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), an age-associated neurodegenerative motor disorder, is associated with dementia and cognitive decline. However, the precise molecular insight into PD-induced cognitive decline is not fully understood. Here, we have investigated the possible alterations in the expression of glutamate receptor and its trafficking/scaffolding/regulatory proteins underlying the memory formation and neuroprotective effects of a specialized Bacopa monnieri extract, CDRI-08 (BME) in the hippocampus of the rotenone-induced PD mouse model. Our Western blotting and qRT-PCR data reveal that the PD-induced recognition memory decline is associated with significant upregulation of the AMPA receptor subunit GluR1 and downregulation of GluR2 subunit genes in the hippocampus of rotenone-affected mice as compared to the vehicle control. Further, expressions of the trafficking proteins are significantly upregulated in the hippocampus of rotenone-affected mice compared to the vehicle control. Our results also reveal that the above alterations in the hippocampus are associated with similar expression patterns of total CREB, pCREB, and BDNF. BME (CDRI-08, 200 mg/kg BW) reverses the expression of AMPA receptor subunits, their trafficking proteins differentially, and the transcriptional modulatory proteins depending on whether the BME treatment was given before or after the rotenone treatment. Our data suggest that expression of the above genes is significantly reversed in the BME pre-treated mice subjected to rotenone treatment towards their levels in the control mice compared to its treatment after rotenone administration. Our results provide the possible molecular basis underlying the rotenone-induced recognition memory decline, conditions mimicking the PD symptoms in mouse model and neuroprotective action of bacoside A and bacoside B (58%)-enriched Bacopa monnieri extract (BME) in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vartika Gupta
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, UP, India
| | - S Prasad
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, UP, India.
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Wang R, Zhang L, Wang X, Li W, Jian T, Yin P, Wang X, Chen Q, Chen X, Qin H. Electrophysiological activity pattern of mouse hippocampal CA1 and dentate gyrus under isoflurane anesthesia. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1392498. [PMID: 39104439 PMCID: PMC11299216 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1392498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
General anesthesia can impact a patient's memory and cognition by influencing hippocampal function. The CA1 and dentate gyrus (DG), serving as the primary efferent and gateway of the hippocampal trisynaptic circuit facilitating cognitive learning and memory functions, exhibit significant differences in cellular composition, molecular makeup, and responses to various stimuli. However, the effects of isoflurane-induced general anesthesia on CA1 and DG neuronal activity in mice are not well understood. In this study, utilizing electrophysiological recordings, we examined neuronal population dynamics and single-unit activity (SUA) of CA1 and DG in freely behaving mice during natural sleep and general anesthesia. Our findings reveal that isoflurane anesthesia shifts local field potential (LFP) to delta frequency and reduces the firing rate of SUA in both CA1 and DG, compared to wakefulness. Additionally, the firing rates of DG neurons are significantly lower than CA1 neurons during isoflurane anesthesia, and the recovery of theta power is slower in DG than in CA1 during the transition from anesthesia to wakefulness, indicating a stronger and more prolonged impact of isoflurane anesthesia on DG. This work presents a suitable approach for studying brain activities during general anesthesia and provides evidence for distinct effects of isoflurane anesthesia on hippocampal subregions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanxi Medical University and Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Guangyang Bay Laboratory, Chongqing Institute for Brain and Intelligence, Chongqing, China
| | - Linzhong Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanxi Medical University and Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Center for Neurointelligence, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wen Li
- Brain Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingliang Jian
- Brain Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pengcheng Yin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanxi Medical University and Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xinzhi Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanxi Medical University and Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qianwei Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaowei Chen
- Guangyang Bay Laboratory, Chongqing Institute for Brain and Intelligence, Chongqing, China
- Brain Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Han Qin
- Guangyang Bay Laboratory, Chongqing Institute for Brain and Intelligence, Chongqing, China
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Lei Z, Wan J, Han JJ, Zhang CY, Wang HT, Zhou DJ, Chen Y, Huang H. Spatial metabolomics reveals key features of hippocampal lipid changes in rats with postoperative cognitive dysfunction. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2024:271678X241261949. [PMID: 38886876 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x241261949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common complication after cardiac surgery. Numerous evidence suggest that dysregulation of lipid metabolism is associated with cognitive impairment; however, its precise role in the development of POCD is still obscure. In this study, we established a cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) model in rats and employed the Barnes maze to assess cognitive function, selecting POCD rats for subsequent experimentation. Utilizing mass spectrometry imaging, we detected plenty of lipids accumulates within the hippocampal CA1in the POCD group. Immunofluorescence staining revealed a significant reduction in the fluorescence intensity of calcium-independent phospholipases A2 (iPLA2) in the POCD group compared to the control, while serine palmitoyl transferase (SPT) was markedly increased in the POCD group. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the number of synapses in hippocampal CA1decreased significantly and postsynaptic density became thinner in POCD group. Furthermore, after reversing the metabolic disorders of iPLA2 and SPT in the rat brain with docosahexaenoic acid and myriocin, the incidence of POCD after CPB was significantly reduced and the disrupted lipid metabolism in the hippocampus was also normalized. These findings may offer a novel perspective for exploring the etiology and prevention strategies of POCD after CPB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Lei
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Wan
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing-Jing Han
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chun-Yan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao-Tian Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ding-Jie Zhou
- Jiangsu Health Development Research Center, NHC Contraceptive Adverse Reaction Surveillance Center, Jiangsu, Jiangsu Provincial Medical Key Laboratory of Fertility Protection and Health Technology Assessment, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - He Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Liou YJ, Liu MN, Yang KC, Hu LY, Hsieh WC, Chou YH. Hippocampal subfields in remitted schizophrenia. J Chin Med Assoc 2024; 87:627-634. [PMID: 38656303 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000001100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current evidence of volume changes in hippocampal subdivisions in schizophrenia remains inconsistent, and few studies have investigated the relationship between regional hippocampal volumes and symptom remission. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we recruited 31 patients with schizophrenia and 31 healthy controls (HCs). Symptomatic remission in schizophrenia was determined according to Remission in Schizophrenia Working Group criteria. The volumes of hippocampal longitudinal subregions and transverse subfields were measured using manual and automatic techniques, respectively. Between-group regional hippocampal volume differences were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance followed by univariate analysis of covariance. RESULTS Compared with the HCs, the patients with schizophrenia had smaller bilateral heads and tails along the longitudinal axis; they also had reduced volumes of the bilateral CA1, CA3, CA4, GC-ML-DG, molecular layer, tail, left subiculum, left HATA, and right parasubiculum along the transverse axis in the hippocampus (all corrected p < 0.05). Furthermore, compared with the HCs and patients with remitted schizophrenia, the patients with nonremitted schizophrenia had smaller bilateral hippocampal tail subfields (corrected p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our results indicated that the pathophysiology and symptomatic remission of schizophrenia are related to changes in the volumes of hippocampal subdivisions. These volume changes might be clinically relevant as biomarkers for schizophrenia identification and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jay Liou
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Mu-N Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kai-Chun Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Li-Yu Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wen-Chi Hsieh
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yuan-Hwa Chou
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Psychiatry, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, ROC
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6
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White TA, Miller SL, Sutherland AE, Allison BJ, Camm EJ. Perinatal compromise affects development, form, and function of the hippocampus part one; clinical studies. Pediatr Res 2024; 95:1698-1708. [PMID: 38519794 PMCID: PMC11245394 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-024-03105-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
The hippocampus is a neuron-rich specialised brain structure that plays a central role in the regulation of emotions, learning and memory, cognition, spatial navigation, and motivational processes. In human fetal development, hippocampal neurogenesis is principally complete by mid-gestation, with subsequent maturation comprising dendritogenesis and synaptogenesis in the third trimester of pregnancy and infancy. Dendritogenesis and synaptogenesis underpin connectivity. Hippocampal development is exquisitely sensitive to perturbations during pregnancy and at birth. Clinical investigations demonstrate that preterm birth, fetal growth restriction (FGR), and acute hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) are common perinatal complications that alter hippocampal development. In turn, deficits in hippocampal development and structure mediate a range of neurodevelopmental disorders, including cognitive and learning problems, autism, and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). In this review, we summarise the developmental profile of the hippocampus during fetal and neonatal life and examine the hippocampal deficits observed following common human pregnancy complications. IMPACT: The review provides a comprehensive summary of the developmental profile of the hippocampus in normal fetal and neonatal life. We address a significant knowledge gap in paediatric research by providing a comprehensive summary of the relationship between pregnancy complications and subsequent hippocampal damage, shedding new light on this critical aspect of early neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tegan A White
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
| | - Suzanne L Miller
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Amy E Sutherland
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Beth J Allison
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Emily J Camm
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
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Fan B, Lin J, Luo Q, Liao W, Hao C. Enriched Environment Inhibits Neurotoxic Reactive Astrocytes via JAK2-STAT3 to Promote Glutamatergic Synaptogenesis and Cognitive Improvement in Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion Rats. Neurotox Res 2024; 42:22. [PMID: 38564082 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-024-00704-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) is a primary contributor to cognitive decline in the elderly. Enriched environment (EE) is proved to improve cognitive function. However, mechanisms involved remain unclear. The purpose of the study was exploring the mechanisms of EE in alleviating cognitive deficit in rats with CCH. To create a rat model of CCH, 2-vessel occlusion (2-VO) surgery was performed. All rats lived in standard or enriched environments for 4 weeks. Cognitive function was assessed using the novel object recognition test and Morris water maze test. The protein levels of glutamatergic synapses, neurotoxic reactive astrocytes, reactive microglia, and JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway were measured using Western blot. The mRNA levels of synaptic regulatory factors, C1q, TNF-α, and IL-1α were identified using quantitative PCR. Immunofluorescence was used to detect glutamatergic synapses, neurotoxic reactive astrocytes, and reactive microglia, as well as the expression of p-STAT3 in astrocytes in the hippocampus. The results demonstrated that the EE mitigated cognitive impairment in rats with CCH and enhanced glutamatergic synaptogenesis. EE also inhibited the activation of neurotoxic reactive astrocytes. Moreover, EE downregulated microglial activation, levels of C1q, TNF-α and IL-1α and phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3. Our results suggest that inhibition of neurotoxic reactive astrocytes may be one of the mechanisms by which EE promotes glutamatergic synaptogenesis and improves cognitive function in rats with CCH. The downregulation of reactive microglia and JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway may be involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Fan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Junbin Lin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qihang Luo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weijing Liao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Chizi Hao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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Haast RAM, Kashyap S, Ivanov D, Yousif MD, DeKraker J, Poser BA, Khan AR. Insights into hippocampal perfusion using high-resolution, multi-modal 7T MRI. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2310044121. [PMID: 38446857 PMCID: PMC10945835 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2310044121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
We present a comprehensive study on the non-invasive measurement of hippocampal perfusion. Using high-resolution 7 tesla arterial spin labeling (ASL) data, we generated robust perfusion maps and observed significant variations in perfusion among hippocampal subfields, with CA1 exhibiting the lowest perfusion levels. Notably, these perfusion differences were robust and already detectable with 50 perfusion-weighted images per subject, acquired in 5 min. To understand the underlying factors, we examined the influence of image quality metrics, various tissue microstructure and morphometric properties, macrovasculature, and cytoarchitecture. We observed higher perfusion in regions located closer to arteries, demonstrating the influence of vascular proximity on hippocampal perfusion. Moreover, ex vivo cytoarchitectonic features based on neuronal density differences appeared to correlate stronger with hippocampal perfusion than morphometric measures like gray matter thickness. These findings emphasize the interplay between microvasculature, macrovasculature, and metabolic demand in shaping hippocampal perfusion. Our study expands the current understanding of hippocampal physiology and its relevance to neurological disorders. By providing in vivo evidence of perfusion differences between hippocampal subfields, our findings have implications for diagnosis and potential therapeutic interventions. In conclusion, our study provides a valuable resource for extensively characterizing hippocampal perfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy A. M. Haast
- Centre of Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ONN6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Sriranga Kashyap
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht6200, The Netherlands
- Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ONM5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Dimo Ivanov
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht6200, The Netherlands
| | - Mohamed D. Yousif
- Centre of Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ONN6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Jordan DeKraker
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QCH3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Benedikt A. Poser
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht6200, The Netherlands
| | - Ali R. Khan
- Centre of Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ONN6A 3K7, Canada
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Li J, Hao Y, Wang S, Li W, Yue S, Duan X, Yang Y, Li B. Yuanzhi powder facilitated Aβ clearance in APP/PS1 mice: Target to the drainage of glymphatic system and meningeal lymphatic vessels. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117195. [PMID: 37717839 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Yuanzhi Powder (YZP) is a classical Chinese medicine prescription, which is suitable for the treatment of dementia by "dispelling phlegm and opening orifice". The therapeutic efficacy of YZP on Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been previously reported in our work. However, it remains unclear whether the neuroprotective effect of YZP is linked to β-amyloid(Aβ) clearance through cerebral lymphatic drainage. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim was to determine the protective efficacy of YZP against AD and investigate the potential mechanism for eliminating excessive Aβ deposition. MATERIALS AND METHODS APP/PS1 mice were divided into four groups of 8 mice each: APP/PS1 group, DONE group, L-YZP group, and H-YZP group. Additionally, 8 wild-type littermates were assigned to the control group (WT group). After 8 weeks of consecutive intragastric administration, behavioral tests, including the open field test, novel object recognition test and Morris Water Maze test, were employed to assess the cognitive abilities of all groups of mice. Nissl staining, immunohistochemistry, and western blotting were utilized to evaluate clearance of excessive Aβ deposition and pathological changes. Furthermore, immunofluorescence was applied to visualize the drainage of the cerebral lymphatic system after fluorescent tracer injection in the cisterna magna. RESULTS The administration of YZP significantly attenuated cognitive deficits, cleared excessive Aβ deposition, and improved pathological damage in APP/PS1 mice. Furthermore, YZP effectively enhanced glymphatic system drainage by restoring AQP4 polarization and inhibiting reactive astrogliosis. Additionally, YZP facilitated the drainage of meningeal lymphatic vessels (MLVs) by augmenting their diameter and coverage. Lastly, YZP promoted the elimination of Aβ from the brain to deep cervical lymph nodes. CONCLUSIONS The administration of YZP may ameliorate the cognitive deficits and pathological damage in APP/PS1 mice by effectively clearing excessive Aβ deposition. The underlying mechanisms potentially involve Aβ clearance through the cerebral lymphatic system, which includes the glymphatic system and MLVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanwei Hao
- Department of Geriatrics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shaofeng Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shengnan Yue
- Department of Geriatrics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueqing Duan
- Department of Geriatrics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuting Yang
- Department of Scientific Research, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
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10
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Liu R, Zhou H, Qu H, Chen Y, Bai Q, Guo F, Wang L, Jiang X, Mao H. Effects of aerobic exercise on depression-like behavior and TLR4/NLRP3 pathway in hippocampus CA1 region of CUMS-depressed mice. J Affect Disord 2023; 341:248-255. [PMID: 37634821 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.08.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The paper observes regulation of the expression levels of NLRP3 and TLR4 in hippocampal CA1 neurons in CUMS mice by aerobic exercise with constructing CUMS depression mouse model, in order to explore the neuroprotective mechanism of aerobic exercise on the hippocampus of depressed mice. STUDY DESIGN AND METHOD 24 healthy male 8-week-old C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into CG, MG and ME. Thirteen stress-stimulating factors were randomly formulated into a CUMS stress-stimulating program. The mice were underwent 28 days of CUMS depression model, referenced clinical means for experimental research. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Yichun University (YCUEC IRB number LSK NO.2022.18). After model preparation, ME mice were subjected to moderate-intensity treadmill exercise training for 8 weeks. TST, FST and SPT were used to detect the depression-like behaviors of the mice in each group. Nissl staining was used to compare the cell morphology in the CA1 region of the mouse hippocampus. Immunohistochemical staining and western blot were used to detect the changes in the expression levels of NLRP3, TLR4 and other proteins in the CA1 region of the mouse hippocampus. RESULTS The results of neurobehavioral assessment showed that, the immobility time of TST and FST were significantly increased, and SPT index was significantly decreased of MG mice. Compared with MG, ME mice significantly improved depression-like behaviors such as TST, FST and SPT index. Nissl staining showed that the morphology of neurons in CA1 region of hippocampus of MG mice were mostly vacuolar-like, with severe nuclear pyknosis. Abnormal morphological changes such as vacuolar-like and pyknotic pyknosis of neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region of ME mice were significantly reduced. Protein expression test showed that the number of NLRP3, TLR4, IL-1β and IL-10 positive neurons in hippocampal CA1 region of MG mice increased significantly compared with CG, and the proportion of positive cells increased significantly, while NLRP3 and TLR4 positive neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region of ME mice were significantly reduced, the proportion of TLR4 positive cells was significantly reduced. CONCLUSION Systematic moderate-intensity exercise can effectively improve the depression-like behavior of CUMS depressed mice through the expression of TLR4/NLRP3 inflammatory signaling pathway, and provide an effective experimental basis for the clinical rehabilitation treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruilian Liu
- College of Physical Education, Yichun University, Yichun 336000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Continuing Education College, Yichun Vocational and Technical College, Yichun 336000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Honglin Qu
- College of Physical Education, Yichun University, Yichun 336000, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Yilin Chen
- College of Physical Education, Yichun University, Yichun 336000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Qingyun Bai
- Jiangxi Key Lab of Natural Drug Research, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Yichun University, Yichun 336000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Fuqiang Guo
- College of Physical Education, Yichun University, Yichun 336000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Liang Wang
- College of Physical Education, Yichun University, Yichun 336000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xiaobo Jiang
- College of Physical Education, Yichun University, Yichun 336000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Haifeng Mao
- College of Physical Education, Yichun University, Yichun 336000, Jiangxi Province, China
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11
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Sherman BE, Harris BB, Turk-Browne NB, Sinha R, Goldfarb EV. Hippocampal Mechanisms Support Cortisol-Induced Memory Enhancements. J Neurosci 2023; 43:7198-7212. [PMID: 37813570 PMCID: PMC10601369 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0916-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress can powerfully influence episodic memory, often enhancing memory encoding for emotionally salient information. These stress-induced memory enhancements stand at odds with demonstrations that stress and the stress-related hormone cortisol can negatively affect the hippocampus, a brain region important for episodic memory encoding. To resolve this apparent conflict and determine whether and how the hippocampus supports memory encoding under cortisol, we combined behavioral assays of associative memory, high-resolution fMRI, and pharmacological manipulation of cortisol in a within-participant, double-blinded procedure (in both sexes). Behaviorally, hydrocortisone promoted the encoding of subjectively arousing, positive associative memories. Neurally, hydrocortisone led to enhanced functional connectivity between hippocampal subregions, which predicted subsequent memory enhancements for emotional associations. Cortisol also modified the relationship between hippocampal representations and associative memory: whereas hippocampal signatures of distinctiveness predicted memory under placebo, relative integration predicted memory under cortisol. Together, these data provide novel evidence that the human hippocampus contains the necessary machinery to support emotional associative memory enhancements under cortisol.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Our daily lives are filled with stressful events, which powerfully shape the way we form episodic memories. For example, stress and stress-related hormones can enhance our memory for emotional events. However, the mechanisms underlying these memory benefits are unclear. In the current study, we combined functional neuroimaging, behavioral tests of memory, and double-blind, placebo-controlled hydrocortisone administration to uncover the effects of the stress-related hormone cortisol on the function of the human hippocampus, a brain region important for episodic memory. We identified novel ways in which cortisol can enhance hippocampal function to promote emotional memories, highlighting the adaptive role of cortisol in shaping memory formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brynn E Sherman
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104
| | - Bailey B Harris
- Department of Psychology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Nicholas B Turk-Browne
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
| | - Rajita Sinha
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511
| | - Elizabeth V Goldfarb
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511
- National Center for PTSD, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut 06477
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12
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Yao X, Zhao J, Yuan Y, Wang C, Yu Z, Huang Z, Chen C, Yang C, Ren J, Ma Y, Rong Y, Huang Y, Ming Y, Liu L. Prolonged Early Exposure to a High-Fat Diet Augments the Adverse Effects on Neurobehavior and Hippocampal Neuroplasticity: Involvement of Microglial Insulin Signaling. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 193:1568-1586. [PMID: 37356575 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD) consumption may contribute to the high prevalence of cognitive-emotional issues in modern society. Mice fed a HFD for a prolonged period develop more severe neurobehavioral disturbances when first exposed to a HFD in the juvenile period than in adulthood, suggesting an initial age-related difference in the detrimental effects of long-term HFD feeding. However, the mechanism underlying this difference remains unclear. Here, male C57BL/6J mice initially aged 4 (IA4W) or 8 (IA8W) weeks were fed a control diet (CD) or HFD for 6 months and then subjected to metabolic, neurobehavioral, and histomorphological examinations. Although the detrimental effects of long-term HFD feeding on metabolism and neurobehavior were observed in mice of both ages, IA4W-HFD mice showed significant cognitive inflexibility accompanied by significantly greater levels of anxiety-like behavior than age-matched controls. Hippocampal neuroplasticity and microglial phenotype were altered by HFD feeding, whereas significant morphological alterations were more frequently observed in IA4W-HFD mice than in IA8W-HFD mice. Additionally, significantly increased hippocampal microglial engulfment of postsynaptic proteins and elevated phospho-insulin-receptor levels were observed in IA4W-HFD, but not in IA8W-HFD, mice. These findings suggest that aberrant microglia-related histomorphological changes in the hippocampus underlie the exacerbated detrimental neurobehavioral effects of prolonged early HFD exposure and indicate that enhanced insulin signaling might drive microglial dysfunction after prolonged early HFD exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuting Yao
- Medical College, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingyi Zhao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Yuan
- The Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Conghui Wang
- Medical College, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhehao Yu
- Medical College, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhihui Huang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Medical College, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenxi Yang
- Medical College, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiayi Ren
- Medical College, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Ma
- Medical College, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Rong
- Medical College, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Medical College, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Ming
- Medical College, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lijie Liu
- Department of Physiology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
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13
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McDermott KD, Frechou MA, Jordan JT, Martin SS, Gonçalves JT. Delayed formation of neural representations of space in aged mice. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13924. [PMID: 37491802 PMCID: PMC10497831 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with cognitive deficits, with spatial memory being very susceptible to decline. The hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) is important for processing spatial information in the brain and is particularly vulnerable to aging, yet its sparse activity has led to difficulties in assessing changes in this area. Using in vivo two-photon calcium imaging, we compared DG neuronal activity and representations of space in young and aged mice walking on an unfamiliar treadmill. We found that calcium activity was significantly higher and less tuned to location in aged mice, resulting in decreased spatial information encoded in the DG. However, with repeated exposure to the same treadmill, both spatial tuning and information levels in aged mice became similar to young mice, while activity remained elevated. Our results show that spatial representations of novel environments are impaired in the aged hippocampus and gradually improve with increased familiarity. Moreover, while the aged DG is hyperexcitable, this does not disrupt neural representations of familiar environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey D. McDermott
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience and Gottesmann Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative MedicineAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
| | - M. Agustina Frechou
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience and Gottesmann Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative MedicineAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
| | - Jake T. Jordan
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience and Gottesmann Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative MedicineAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
| | - Sunaina S. Martin
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience and Gottesmann Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative MedicineAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
| | - J. Tiago Gonçalves
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience and Gottesmann Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative MedicineAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
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14
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Nelson ED, Maynard KR, Nicholas KR, Tran MN, Divecha HR, Collado-Torres L, Hicks SC, Martinowich K. Activity-regulated gene expression across cell types of the mouse hippocampus. Hippocampus 2023; 33:1009-1027. [PMID: 37226416 PMCID: PMC11129873 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Activity-regulated gene (ARG) expression patterns in the hippocampus (HPC) regulate synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory, and are linked to both risk and treatment responses for many neuropsychiatric disorders. The HPC contains discrete classes of neurons with specialized functions, but cell type-specific activity-regulated transcriptional programs are not well characterized. Here, we used single-nucleus RNA-sequencing (snRNA-seq) in a mouse model of acute electroconvulsive seizures (ECS) to identify cell type-specific molecular signatures associated with induced activity in HPC neurons. We used unsupervised clustering and a priori marker genes to computationally annotate 15,990 high-quality HPC neuronal nuclei from N = 4 mice across all major HPC subregions and neuron types. Activity-induced transcriptomic responses were divergent across neuron populations, with dentate granule cells being particularly responsive to activity. Differential expression analysis identified both upregulated and downregulated cell type-specific gene sets in neurons following ECS. Within these gene sets, we identified enrichment of pathways associated with varying biological processes such as synapse organization, cellular signaling, and transcriptional regulation. Finally, we used matrix factorization to reveal continuous gene expression patterns differentially associated with cell type, ECS, and biological processes. This work provides a rich resource for interrogating activity-regulated transcriptional responses in HPC neurons at single-nuclei resolution in the context of ECS, which can provide biological insight into the roles of defined neuronal subtypes in HPC function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik D. Nelson
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Kristen R. Maynard
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Kyndall R. Nicholas
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Matthew N Tran
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Heena R. Divecha
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Leonardo Collado-Torres
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Stephanie C. Hicks
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Keri Martinowich
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- The Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205
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15
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Haast RAM, Kashyap S, Ivanov D, Yousif MD, DeKraker J, Poser BA, Khan AR. Novel insights into hippocampal perfusion using high-resolution, multi-modal 7T MRI. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.19.549533. [PMID: 37503042 PMCID: PMC10370151 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.19.549533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
We present a comprehensive study on the non-invasive measurement of hippocampal perfusion. Using high-resolution 7 Tesla arterial spin labelling data, we generated robust perfusion maps and observed significant variations in perfusion among hippocampal subfields, with CA1 exhibiting the lowest perfusion levels. Notably, these perfusion differences were robust and detectable even within five minutes and just fifty perfusion-weighted images per subject. To understand the underlying factors, we examined the influence of image quality metrics, various tissue microstructure and morphometry properties, macrovasculature and cytoarchitecture. We observed higher perfusion in regions located closer to arteries, demonstrating the influence of vascular proximity on hippocampal perfusion. Moreover, ex vivo cytoarchitectonic features based on neuronal density differences appeared to correlate stronger with hippocampal perfusion than morphometric measures like gray matter thickness. These findings emphasize the interplay between microvasculature, macrovasculature, and metabolic demand in shaping hippocampal perfusion. Our study expands the current understanding of hippocampal physiology and its relevance to neurological disorders. By providing in vivo evidence of perfusion differences between hippocampal subfields, our findings have implications for diagnosis and potential therapeutic interventions. In conclusion, our study provides a valuable resource for extensively characterising hippocampal perfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy A M Haast
- Centre of Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sriranga Kashyap
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dimo Ivanov
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Mohamed D Yousif
- Centre of Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jordan DeKraker
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Benedikt A Poser
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Ali R Khan
- Centre of Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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16
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Grassi D, Idziak A, Lee A, Calaresu I, Sibarita JB, Cognet L, Nägerl UV, Groc L. Nanoscale and functional heterogeneity of the hippocampal extracellular space. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112478. [PMID: 37149864 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular space (ECS) and its constituents play a crucial role in brain development, plasticity, circadian rhythm, and behavior, as well as brain diseases. Yet, since this compartment has an intricate geometry and nanoscale dimensions, its detailed exploration in live tissue has remained an unmet challenge. Here, we used a combination of single-nanoparticle tracking and super-resolution microscopy approaches to map the nanoscale dimensions of the ECS across the rodent hippocampus. We report that these dimensions are heterogeneous between hippocampal areas. Notably, stratum radiatum CA1 and CA3 ECS differ in several characteristics, a difference that gets abolished after digestion of the extracellular matrix. The dynamics of extracellular immunoglobulins vary within these areas, consistent with their distinct ECS characteristics. Altogether, we demonstrate that ECS nanoscale anatomy and diffusion properties are widely heterogeneous across hippocampal areas, impacting the dynamics and distribution of extracellular molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Grassi
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Agata Idziak
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Antony Lee
- University of Bordeaux, Laboratoire Photonique Numérique et Nanosciences (LP2N), UMR 5298, 33400 Talence, France; Institut d'Optique & CNRS, LP2N UMR 5298, 33400 Talence, France
| | - Ivo Calaresu
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Sibarita
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Laurent Cognet
- University of Bordeaux, Laboratoire Photonique Numérique et Nanosciences (LP2N), UMR 5298, 33400 Talence, France; Institut d'Optique & CNRS, LP2N UMR 5298, 33400 Talence, France
| | - U Valentin Nägerl
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Laurent Groc
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France.
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17
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Mohammadi M, Eskandari K, Azizbeigi R, Haghparast A. The inhibitory effect of cannabidiol on the rewarding properties of methamphetamine in part mediates by interacting with the hippocampal D1-like dopamine receptors. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 126:110778. [PMID: 37100273 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) is a potential treatment to decrease the rewarding properties of psychostimulants. However, the exact mechanism and distinct neuroanatomical areas responsible for the CBD's effects remain unclear. Indicatively, the D1-like dopamine receptors (D1R) in the hippocampus (HIP) are essential for expressing and acquiring drug-associated conditioned place preference (CPP). Therefore, given that involving D1Rs in reward-related behaviors and the encouraging results of CBD in attenuating the psychostimulant's rewarding effects, the present study sought to investigate the role of D1Rs of the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) in the inhibitory effects of CBD on the acquisition and expression of METH-induced CPP. To this end, over a 5-day conditioning period by METH (1 mg/kg; sc), different groups of rats were given intra-DG SCH23390 (0.25, 1, or 4 μg/0.5 μl, saline) as a D1Rs antagonist before ICV administration of CBD (10 μg/5 μl, DMSO12%). In addition, a different set of animals, after the conditioning period, received a single dose of SCH23390 (0.25, 1, or 4 μg/0.5 μl) before CBD (50 μg/5 μl) administration on the expression day. The results showed that SCH23390 (1 and 4 μg) significantly reduced the suppressive effects of CBD on the acquisition of METH place preference (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, the highest dose of SCH23390 (4 μg) in the expression phase remarkably abolished the preventive effects of CBD on the expression of METH-seeking behavior (P < 0.001). In conclusion, the current study revealed that CBD's inhibitory effect on rewarding properties of METH partially acts through D1Rs in the DG area of the HIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Mohammadi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj Branch, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Kiarash Eskandari
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ronak Azizbeigi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj Branch, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Abbas Haghparast
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; School of Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Basic Sciences, Iranian Academy of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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18
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Zhao RY, Wei PJ, Sun X, Zhang DH, He QY, Liu J, Chang JL, Yang Y, Guo ZN. Role of lipocalin 2 in stroke. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 179:106044. [PMID: 36804285 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide; however, the treatment choices available to neurologists are limited in clinical practice. Lipocalin 2 (LCN2) is a secreted protein, belonging to the lipocalin superfamily, with multiple biological functions in mediating innate immune response, inflammatory response, iron-homeostasis, cell migration and differentiation, energy metabolism, and other processes in the body. LCN2 is expressed at low levels in the brain under normal physiological conditions, but its expression is significantly up-regulated in multiple acute stimulations and chronic pathologies. An up-regulation of LCN2 has been found in the blood/cerebrospinal fluid of patients with ischemic/hemorrhagic stroke, and could serve as a potential biomarker for the prediction of the severity of acute stroke. LCN2 activates reactive astrocytes and microglia, promotes neutrophil infiltration, amplifies post-stroke inflammation, promotes blood-brain barrier disruption, white matter injury, and neuronal death. Moreover, LCN2 is involved in brain injury induced by thrombin and erythrocyte lysates, as well as microvascular thrombosis after hemorrhage. In this paper, we review the role of LCN2 in the pathological processes of ischemic stroke; intracerebral hemorrhage; subarachnoid hemorrhage; and stroke-related brain diseases, such as vascular dementia and post-stroke depression, and their underlying mechanisms. We hope that this review will help elucidate the value of LCN2 as a therapeutic target in stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Yu Zhao
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, China
| | - Peng-Ju Wei
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin Sun
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, China
| | - Dian-Hui Zhang
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, China
| | - Qian-Yan He
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, China
| | - Jun-Lei Chang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, China; Neuroscience Research Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, Changchun, China.
| | - Zhen-Ni Guo
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, China; Neuroscience Research Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, Changchun, China.
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19
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Hashimoto Y, Greene C, Munnich A, Campbell M. The CLDN5 gene at the blood-brain barrier in health and disease. Fluids Barriers CNS 2023; 20:22. [PMID: 36978081 PMCID: PMC10044825 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-023-00424-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The CLDN5 gene encodes claudin-5 (CLDN-5) that is expressed in endothelial cells and forms tight junctions which limit the passive diffusions of ions and solutes. The blood-brain barrier (BBB), composed of brain microvascular endothelial cells and associated pericytes and end-feet of astrocytes, is a physical and biological barrier to maintain the brain microenvironment. The expression of CLDN-5 is tightly regulated in the BBB by other junctional proteins in endothelial cells and by supports from pericytes and astrocytes. The most recent literature clearly shows a compromised BBB with a decline in CLDN-5 expression increasing the risks of developing neuropsychiatric disorders, epilepsy, brain calcification and dementia. The purpose of this review is to summarize the known diseases associated with CLDN-5 expression and function. In the first part of this review, we highlight the recent understanding of how other junctional proteins as well as pericytes and astrocytes maintain CLDN-5 expression in brain endothelial cells. We detail some drugs that can enhance these supports and are being developed or currently in use to treat diseases associated with CLDN-5 decline. We then summarise mutagenesis-based studies which have facilitated a better understanding of the physiological role of the CLDN-5 protein at the BBB and have demonstrated the functional consequences of a recently identified pathogenic CLDN-5 missense mutation from patients with alternating hemiplegia of childhood. This mutation is the first gain-of-function mutation identified in the CLDN gene family with all others representing loss-of-function mutations resulting in mis-localization of CLDN protein and/or attenuated barrier function. Finally, we summarize recent reports about the dosage-dependent effect of CLDN-5 expression on the development of neurological diseases in mice and discuss what cellular supports for CLDN-5 regulation are compromised in the BBB in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Hashimoto
- Trinity College Dublin, Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Dublin, D02 VF25, Ireland.
| | - Chris Greene
- Trinity College Dublin, Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Dublin, D02 VF25, Ireland
| | - Arnold Munnich
- Institut Imagine, INSERM UMR1163, Université Paris Cité, Paris, F-75015, France
- Departments of Pediatric Neurology and Medical Genetics, Hospital Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Cité, Paris, F-75015, France
| | - Matthew Campbell
- Trinity College Dublin, Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Dublin, D02 VF25, Ireland.
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20
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Tao FF, Wang ZY, Wang Y, Lv QR, Cai PP, Min HW, Ge JW, Yin CY, Cheng R. Inhibition of hippocampal cyclin-dependent kinase 5 activity ameliorates learning and memory dysfunction in a mouse model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023. [PMID: 36964998 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Oxygen therapy plays a vital role in the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), which is the independent risk factor for neurodevelopment deficits in premature infants. However, the effect of hippocampal cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) on BPD-associated neurodevelopment deficits is not fully understood. METHODS Mice were placed in a hyperoxia chamber from postnatal Day 1 to Day 7. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to evaluate the lung histomorphological characteristics. Learning and memory functions of mice were detected by Morris water maze. TUNEL staining was applied to measure the number of apoptotic cells. The expression of CDK5, apoptosis-related protein, and neuroplasticity-related proteins were analyzed by Western blot. Golgi staining was used to assess the structure of dendritic spines. RESULTS Hyperoxia-induced BPD mice showed a long-term learning and memory dysfunction, more severe neuronal apoptosis, and a decline of synaptic plasticity. Inhibition of CDK5 overactivation ameliorated cognitive deficits, neuronal apoptosis, and synaptic plasticity disorders in BPD mice. CONCLUSIONS This study first found a vital role of CDK5 in BPD-associated neurodevelopmental disorders. Inhibition of CDK5 overexpression could effectively improve cognitive dysfunctions in BPD mice, which indicated that hippocampal CDK5 may be a new target for prevention and treatment in learning and memory dysfunction of BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Fei Tao
- Department of Neonatal Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zi-Yu Wang
- Department of Neonatal Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Neonatal Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian-Ru Lv
- Department of Neonatal Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng-Peng Cai
- Department of Neonatal Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Jian-Wei Ge
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chun-Yu Yin
- Department of Neonatal Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Cheng
- Department of Neonatal Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Yadav V, Krishnan A, Zahiruddin S, Ahmad S, Vohora D. Amelioration of cyclophosphamide-induced DNA damage, oxidative stress, and hepato- and neurotoxicity by Piper longum extract in rats: The role of γH2AX and 8-OHdG. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1147823. [PMID: 36969834 PMCID: PMC10036401 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1147823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The identification of genoprotectants is a promising strategy for improving human health. Piper longum has drawn scientific attention because of its diverse biological effects and traditional utilization. The current investigation aims to evaluate the genome-stabilizing potential of Piper longum against cyclophosphamide-associated genotoxicity.Methods: We adopted a funnel screening with a three-tier evaluation approach, where Piper longum was investigated in an acellular medium, peripheral blood lymphocytes, and a rodent model. The genoprotective action of the Piper longum extract was initially performed with plasmid pBluescript SK(-) DNA. Furthermore, the extract and various fractions were screened against cyclophosphamide-induced genotoxicity using a cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay and a chromosomal aberration assay in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. The genome-stabilizing action of the extract and potent (hexane) fraction was further confirmed in vivo in Wistar albino rats by evaluating them using mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus tests, DNA fragmentation, oxidative stress markers, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), γH2AX, and histopathological lesions in the liver and hippocampus. Additionally, acute and sub-acute toxicity studies were conducted following the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guidelines for rats. Furthermore, the extract was quantified and characterized by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC), ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–mass spectroscopy (UPLC-MS), and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS).Results: The Piper longum ethanol extract was shown to protect plasmid pBluescript SK(-) DNA against H2O2-induced strand breaks. In human lymphocytes, the extract and hexane fraction showed a reduction in micronucleus formation (p < 0.001) and chromosomal aberrations (p < 0.01) against cyclophosphamide. Furthermore, the extract and fraction treatment, when administered at 200 mg/kg for 28 days in Wistar rats, restored cyclophosphamide-induced genomic instability by reducing micronucleus formation and DNA fragmentation; restoring redox homeostasis; decreasing 8-OHdG, a hallmark of oxidative DNA damage; reducing γH2AX, a DNA double-strand break (DSB) marker; and preserving the liver and hippocampus against histopathological lesions. The extract and fraction revealed no signs of systemic toxicity at the used doses. Piperine and piperlongumine are the major alkaloids quantified along with the presence of flavonoids in the ethanol extract and the presence of fatty acids and terpenoids in the hexane fraction of Piper longum.Conclusion: Our investigation confirms the genoprotective action of Piper longum by reducing cyclophosphamide-associated cytogenotoxicity, oxidative stress, hepato- and neurotoxicity, oxidative DNA damage, and DNA double-strand breaks. The outcomes are critical for mitigating the genotoxic effects of chemotherapy recipients, requiring further attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali Yadav
- Neurobehavioral Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Anuja Krishnan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Sultan Zahiruddin
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Sayeed Ahmad
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Divya Vohora
- Neurobehavioral Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
- *Correspondence: Divya Vohora,
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22
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Sherman BE, Harris BB, Turk-Browne NB, Sinha R, Goldfarb EV. Hippocampal mechanisms support cortisol-induced memory enhancements. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.08.527745. [PMID: 36798309 PMCID: PMC9934703 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.08.527745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Stress can powerfully influence episodic memory, often enhancing memory encoding for emotionally salient information. These stress-induced memory enhancements stand at odds with demonstrations that stress and the stress-related hormone cortisol can negatively affect the hippocampus, a brain region important for episodic memory encoding. To resolve this apparent conflict and determine whether and how the hippocampus supports memory encoding under cortisol, we combined behavioral assays of associative memory, high-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and pharmacological manipulation of cortisol in a within-participant, double-blinded procedure. Hydrocortisone led to enhanced functional connectivity between hippocampal subregions, which predicted subsequent memory enhancements for emotional information. Cortisol also modified the relationship between hippocampal representations and memory: whereas hippocampal signatures of distinctiveness predicted memory under placebo, relative integration predicted memory under cortisol. Together, these data provide novel evidence that the human hippocampus contains the necessary machinery to support emotional memory enhancements under stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Elizabeth V Goldfarb
- Department of Psychology, Yale University
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University
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23
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Li X, Sheng J, Li Z, He Y, Zu Y, Li Y. Enhanced UV-B Radiation Induced the Proanthocyanidins Accumulation in Red Rice Grain of Traditional Rice Cultivars and Increased Antioxidant Capacity in Aging Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043397. [PMID: 36834809 PMCID: PMC9960751 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins are major UV-absorbing compounds. To clarify the effect of enhanced UV-B radiation on the proanthocyanidin synthesis and antioxidant capacity of traditional rice varieties in Yuanyang terraced fields, we studied the effects of enhanced UV-B radiation (0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 kJ·m-2·d-1) on the rice grain morphology, proanthocyanidins content, and synthesis. The effects of UV-B radiation on the antioxidant capacity of rice were evaluated by feeding aging model mice. The results showed that UV-B radiation significantly affected the grain morphology of red rice and increased the compactness of starch grains in the starch storage cells of central endosperm. The content of proanthocyanidin B2 and C1 in the grains was significantly increased by 2.5 and 5.0 kJ·m-2·d-1 UV-B radiation. The activity of leucoanthocyanidin reductase was higher in rice treated by 5.0 kJ·m-2·d-1 than other treatments. The number of neurons in the hippocampus CA1 of mice brain fed red rice increased. After 5.0 kJ·m-2·d-1 treatment, red rice has the best antioxidant effect on aging model mice. UV-B radiation induces the synthesis of rice proanthocyanidins B2 and C1, and the antioxidant capacity of rice is related to the content of proanthocyanidins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Ornamental Horticulture, Flower Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650231, China
| | - Jianjun Sheng
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Zuran Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yongmei He
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yanqun Zu
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yuan Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Correspondence:
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24
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Zhang LM, Wu ZY, Liu JZ, Li Y, Lv JM, Wang LY, Shan YD, Song RX, Miao HT, Zhang W, Zhang DX. Subanesthetic dose of S-ketamine improved cognitive dysfunction via the inhibition of hippocampal astrocytosis in a mouse model of post-stroke chronic stress. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 158:1-14. [PMID: 36542981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Post-stroke chronic stress (PSCS) is generally associated with the poorer recovery and more pronounced cognitive dysfunction. Recent evidence has implied that S-ketamine can reduce suicidal ideation in treatment-resistant depression. In this current study, we aimed to investigate whether the administration of S-ketamine ameliorated cognitive deficits under PSCS conditions, which was established by a model combining middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and chronic restraint stress. Our data suggested that mice exposed to PSCS exhibited depression-like behavior and cognitive impairment, which coincided with astrocytosis as indicated by increased GFAP-positive cells and impairment of long-time potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampal CA1. Subanesthetic doses (10 mg/kg) of S-ketamine have significantly mitigated depression-like behaviors, cognitive deficits and LTP impairment, reduced astrocytosis, excessive GABA, and inflammatory factors, including NLRP3 and IL-18 in astrocytes in the CA1. Besides, neuroprotective effects induced by S-ketamine administration were found in vitro but could be partially reversed by an agonist of the NLRP3 nigericin. Our current data also suggests that the subanesthetic doses of S-ketamine improved cognitive dysfunction via the inhibition of hippocampal astrocytosis in a mouse model of PSCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Min Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hebei Province Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Cangzhou, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine in Osteoarthrosis Research (Preparing), Hebei Province Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Cangzhou, China.
| | - Zhi-You Wu
- Graduated School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Ji-Zhen Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China.
| | - Jin-Meng Lv
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine in Osteoarthrosis Research (Preparing), Hebei Province Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Cangzhou, China; Anesthesia and Trauma Research Unit, Department of Anesthesiology, Hebei Province Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Cangzhou, China.
| | - Lu-Ying Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine in Osteoarthrosis Research (Preparing), Hebei Province Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Cangzhou, China; Anesthesia and Trauma Research Unit, Department of Anesthesiology, Hebei Province Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Cangzhou, China.
| | - Yu-Dong Shan
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine in Osteoarthrosis Research (Preparing), Hebei Province Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Cangzhou, China; Anesthesia and Trauma Research Unit, Department of Anesthesiology, Hebei Province Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Cangzhou, China.
| | - Rong-Xin Song
- Graduated School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Hui-Tao Miao
- Graduated School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Dong-Xue Zhang
- Department of Gerontology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China.
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25
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Dhillon SK, Gunn ER, Pedersen MV, Lear CA, Wassink G, Davidson JO, Gunn AJ, Bennet L. Alpha-adrenergic receptor activation after fetal hypoxia-ischaemia suppresses transient epileptiform activity and limits loss of oligodendrocytes and hippocampal neurons. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2023; 43:947-961. [PMID: 36703575 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231153723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to hypoxic-ischaemia (HI) is consistently followed by a delayed fall in cerebral perfusion. In preterm fetal sheep this is associated with impaired cerebral oxygenation, consistent with mismatch between perfusion and metabolism. In the present study we tested the hypothesis that alpha-adrenergic inhibition after HI would improve cerebral perfusion, and so attenuate mismatch and reduce neural injury. Chronically instrumented preterm (0.7 gestation) fetal sheep received sham-HI (n = 10) or HI induced by complete umbilical cord occlusion for 25 minutes. From 15 minutes to 8 hours after HI, fetuses received either an intravenous infusion of a non-selective alpha-adrenergic antagonist, phentolamine (10 mg bolus, 10 mg/h infusion, n = 10), or saline (n = 10). Fetal brains were processed for histology 72 hours post-HI. Phentolamine infusion was associated with increased epileptiform transient activity and a greater fall in cerebral oxygenation in the early post-HI recovery phase. Histologically, phentolamine was associated with greater loss of oligodendrocytes and hippocampal neurons. In summary, contrary to our hypothesis, alpha-adrenergic inhibition increased epileptiform transient activity with an exaggerated fall in cerebral oxygenation, and increased neural injury, suggesting that alpha-adrenergic receptor activation after HI is an important endogenous neuroprotective mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eleanor R Gunn
- Department of Physiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mette V Pedersen
- Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Christopher A Lear
- Department of Physiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Guido Wassink
- Department of Physiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Joanne O Davidson
- Department of Physiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Alistair J Gunn
- Department of Physiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Laura Bennet
- Department of Physiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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26
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Li J, Wu Y, Xue T, He J, Zhang L, Liu Y, Zhao J, Chen Z, Xie M, Xiao B, Ye Y, Qin S, Tang Q, Huang M, Zhu H, Liu N, Guo F, Zhang L, Zhang L. Cdc42 signaling regulated by dopamine D2 receptor correlatively links specific brain regions of hippocampus to cocaine addiction. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166569. [PMID: 36243293 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hippocampus plays critical roles in drug addiction. Cocaine-induced modifications in dopamine receptor function and the downstream signaling are important regulation mechanisms in cocaine addiction. Rac regulates actin filament accumulation while Cdc42 stimulates the formation of filopodia and neurite outgrowth. Based on the region specific roles of small GTPases in brain, we focused on the hippocampal subregions to detect the regulation of Cdc42 signaling in long-term morphological and behavioral adaptations to cocaine. METHODS Genetically modified mouse models of Cdc42, dopamine receptor D1 (D1R) and D2 (D2R) and expressed Cdc42 point mutants that are defective in binding to and activation of its downstream effector molecules PAK and N-WASP were generated, respectively, in CA1 or dentate gyrus (DG) subregion. RESULTS Cocaine induced upregulation of Cdc42 signaling activity. Cdc42 knockout or mutants blocked cocaine-induced increase in spine plasticity in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons, leading to a decreased conditional place preference (CPP)-associated memories and spatial learning and memory in water maze. Cdc42 knockout or mutants promoted cocaine-induced loss of neurogenesis in DG, leading to a decreased CPP-associated memories and spatial learning and memory in water maze. Furthermore, by using D1R knockout, D2R knockout, and D2R/Cdc42 double knockout mice, we found that D2R, but not D1R, regulated Cdc42 signaling in cocaine-induced neural plasticity and behavioral changes. CONCLUSIONS Cdc42 acts downstream of D2R in the hippocampus and plays an important role in cocaine-induced neural plasticity through N-WASP and PAK-LIMK-Cofilin, and Cdc42 signaling pathway correlatively links specific brain regions (CA1, dentate gyrus) to cocaine-induced CPP behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Pediatric Center of Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Histology and Embryology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Orthopaedic Surgery of the Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Pediatric Center of Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Tao Xue
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Pediatric Center of Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jing He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Pediatric Center of Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Pediatric Center of Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yutong Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Orthopaedic Surgery of the Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jinlan Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Pediatric Center of Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhenzhong Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Pediatric Center of Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Minjuan Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Pediatric Center of Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Bin Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Pediatric Center of Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yingshan Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Pediatric Center of Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Sifei Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Pediatric Center of Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qingqiu Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Pediatric Center of Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Mengfan Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Pediatric Center of Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hangfei Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Pediatric Center of Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - N Liu
- Institute of Comparative Medicine & Laboratory Animal Center, Elderly Health Services Research Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Fukun Guo
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Orthopaedic Surgery of the Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Lu Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Pediatric Center of Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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27
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Tian Y, Li M, Zhang S, Hu J, Wu H, Wan M, Xue J, Wang L, Xiao H, Zhou G, Wang K, Liu Q. Microglia activation in the hippocampus mediates retinal degeneration-induced depressive-like behaviors via the NLRP3/IL-1β pathway. Brain Res Bull 2023; 192:70-79. [PMID: 36332880 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown that patients with glaucoma are more prone to depression, but the mechanism of comorbid depression in patients with glaucoma remains unknown. Excessive neuroinflammation has been shown to participate in glaucoma-induced retinal degeneration and hippocampal neural apoptosis in depression. However, little research has been conducted to determine whether neuroinflammation contributes to glaucoma-induced depression. Since the degeneration of retinal ganglion cells is a hallmark of glaucoma, we investigated the role of microglia-induced neuroinflammation in retinal degeneration-induced depression and its potential mechanism. An N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced retinal degeneration model was established, and behavioral tests were conducted at 3, 7, 14, and 21 days after retinal degeneration. After tissue collection, we used immunohistochemistry to assess the activation of microglia and real-time polymerase chain reaction to measure the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin-domain containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. The mice exhibited depressive-like behaviors 14 and 21 days after retinal degeneration, based on the open field test, tail suspension test, and forced swimming test. Mice also displayed a lower body weight gain than the control group. In addition, microglial activation was observed in the hippocampus. Microglial proliferation was first observed in the dentate gyrus on day 3, while the number of microglia in cornu ammonis 1 grew the most. Moreover, not only was the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1β, interleukin-18, and interleukin-6 promoted, but the messenger ribonucleic acid levels of the NLRP3 inflammasome were also increased. In conclusion, our research shows that NMDA-induced retinal degeneration can induce depressive-like behaviors, which may be attributed to hippocampal neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Tian
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Meihui Li
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Juntao Hu
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Haoran Wu
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Mitchell Wan
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jingxin Xue
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Leilei Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Honglei Xiao
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guomin Zhou
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention of Shanghai, Shanghai, China.
| | - Kaidi Wang
- Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Qiong Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention of Shanghai, Shanghai, China.
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28
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Krispil-Alon M, Jovasevic V, Radulovic J, Richter-Levin G. Sex-specific roles of hippocampal microRNAs in stress vulnerability and resilience. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:503. [PMID: 36473835 PMCID: PMC9726879 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02267-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Contrary to intuition, most individuals are resilient to psychological trauma and only a minority is vulnerable. Men and women are known to respond differently to trauma exposure, however, mechanisms underlying the relationship between sex differences and trauma resilience and vulnerability are not yet fully understood. Taking advantage of the Behavioral Profiling approach, which enables differentiating between 'affected' and 'unaffected' individuals, we examined sex-associated differences in stress exposure effects on hippocampal expression of selected stress-related GABA-A receptor targeting miRNAs. Levels of the miRNA-144 and miRNA-33 were measured in male and female affected (vulnerable, e.g., higher freezing time) and unaffected (resilient) rats. In male rats, increased levels of miRNA-144 and miRNA-33 were observed in the dorsal dentate gyrus (dDG) and ventral dentate gyrus (vDG) respectively, of stress-exposed but unaffected animals. In females, we observed an increased expression of miRNA-144 and miRNA-33 in the ventral cornu ammonis 1 (vCA1) of affected animals. Accordingly, we inhibited miRNAs expression selectively in hippocampal subregions using oligonucleotides containing locked nucleic acid bases, to examine the miRNAs' causal contribution to either vulnerability or resilience to stress in each sex. Inhibition of miRNA-144 in dDG and miRNA-33 in vDG in males resulted in an increased prevalence of vulnerable animals, while inhibition of miRNA-144 and miRNA-33 in vCA1 in females increased the proportion of resilient animals. The current findings reveal a critical sex-associated difference in the role of miRNAs in stress vulnerability and resilience. This novel understanding of sex-associated epigenetic involvement in the mechanism of stress-related psychopathologies may help improve gender-specific diagnosis and effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maayan Krispil-Alon
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- The Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBR), University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- Psychology Department, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Vladimir Jovasevic
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Jelena Radulovic
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Gal Richter-Levin
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
- The Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBR), University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
- Psychology Department, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
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29
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Pathological Nuclear Hallmarks in Dentate Granule Cells of Alzheimer’s Patients: A Biphasic Regulation of Neurogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232112873. [PMID: 36361662 PMCID: PMC9654738 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The dentate gyrus (DG) of the human hippocampus is a complex and dynamic structure harboring mature and immature granular neurons in diverse proliferative states. While most mammals show persistent neurogenesis through adulthood, human neurogenesis is still under debate. We found nuclear alterations in granular cells in autopsied human brains, detected by immunohistochemistry. These alterations differ from those reported in pyramidal neurons of the hippocampal circuit. Aging and early AD chromatin were clearly differentiated by the increased epigenetic markers H3K9me3 (heterochromatin suppressive mark) and H3K4me3 (transcriptional euchromatin mark). At early AD stages, lamin B2 was redistributed to the nucleoplasm, indicating cell-cycle reactivation, probably induced by hippocampal nuclear pathology. At intermediate and late AD stages, higher lamin B2 immunopositivity in the perinucleus suggests fewer immature neurons, less neurogenesis, and fewer adaptation resources to environmental factors. In addition, senile samples showed increased nuclear Tau interacting with aged chromatin, likely favoring DNA repair and maintaining genomic stability. However, at late AD stages, the progressive disappearance of phosphorylated Tau forms in the nucleus, increased chromatin disorganization, and increased nuclear autophagy support a model of biphasic neurogenesis in AD. Therefore, designing therapies to alleviate the neuronal nuclear pathology might be the only pathway to a true rejuvenation of brain circuits.
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Cranial irradiation induces cognitive decline associated with altered dendritic spine morphology in the young rat hippocampus. Childs Nerv Syst 2022; 38:1867-1875. [PMID: 35962792 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-022-05646-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Therapeutic irradiation is commonly used to treat brain cancers but can induce cognitive dysfunction, especially in children. The mechanism is unknown but likely involves alterations in dendritic spine number and structure. METHODS To explore the impact of radiation exposure on the alteration of dendritic spine morphology in the hippocampus of young brains, 21-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats received cranial irradiation (10 Gy), and changes in spine density and morphology in dentate gyrus (DG) granules and CA1 pyramidal neurons were detected 1 and 3 months later by using Golgi staining. Moreover, we analyzed synapse-associated proteins within dendritic spines after irradiation. RESULT Our data showed that cognitive deficits were detected in young rats at both time points postirradiation, accompanied by morphological changes in dendritic spines. Our results revealed significant reductions in spine density in the DG at both 1 month (40.58%) and 3 months (28.92%) postirradiation. However, there was a decrease in spine density only at 1 month (33.29%) postirradiation in the basal dendrites of CA1 neurons and no significant changes in the apical dendrites of CA1 neurons at either time point. Notably, among our findings were the significant dynamic changes in spine morphology that persisted 3 months following cranial irradiation. Meanwhile, we found that depletion of the synapse-associated proteins PSD95 and Drebrin coincided with alterations in dendritic spines. CONCLUSION These data suggest that the decreased levels of PSD95 and Drebrin after ionizing radiation may cause changes in synaptic plasticity by affecting the morphological structure of dendritic spines, blocking the functional connectivity pathways of the brain and leading to cognitive impairment. Although the mechanism involved is unclear, understanding how ionizing radiation affects young brain hippocampal tissue may be useful to gain new mechanistic insights into radiation-induced cognitive dysfunction.
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Pacheco ALD, de Melo IS, de Araujo Costa M, Amaral MMC, de Gusmão Taveiros Silva NK, Santos YMO, Gitaí DLG, Duzzioni M, Borbely AU, Silva RS, Donatti ALF, Mestriner L, Fuzo CA, Cummings RD, Garcia-Cairasco N, Dias-Baruffi M, de Castro OW. Neuroprotective Effect of Exogenous Galectin-1 in Status Epilepticus. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:7354-7369. [PMID: 36171480 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03038-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Intrahippocampal pilocarpine microinjection (H-PILO) induces status epilepticus (SE) that can lead to spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRS) and neurodegeneration in rodents. Studies using animal models have indicated that lectins mediate a variety of biological activities with neuronal benefits, especially galectin-1 (GAL-1), which has been identified as an effective neuroprotective compound. GAL-1 is associated with the regulation of cell adhesion, proliferation, programmed cell death, and immune responses, as well as attenuating neuroinflammation. Here, we administrated GAL-1 to Wistar rats and evaluated the severity of the SE, neurodegenerative and inflammatory patterns in the hippocampal formation. Administration of GAL-1 caused a reduction in the number of class 2 and 4 seizures, indicating a decrease in seizure severity. Furthermore, we observed a reduction in inflammation and neurodegeneration 24 h and 15 days after SE. Overall, these results suggest that GAL-1 has a neuroprotective effect in the early stage of epileptogenesis and provides new insights into the roles of exogenous lectins in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Larissa Dias Pacheco
- Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Av. Lourival de Melo Mota, km 14, Campus A. C. Simões, Cidade Universitária, Maceió, AL, CEP 57072-970, Brazil
| | - Igor Santana de Melo
- Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Av. Lourival de Melo Mota, km 14, Campus A. C. Simões, Cidade Universitária, Maceió, AL, CEP 57072-970, Brazil
| | - Maisa de Araujo Costa
- Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Av. Lourival de Melo Mota, km 14, Campus A. C. Simões, Cidade Universitária, Maceió, AL, CEP 57072-970, Brazil
| | - Mariah Morais Celestino Amaral
- Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Av. Lourival de Melo Mota, km 14, Campus A. C. Simões, Cidade Universitária, Maceió, AL, CEP 57072-970, Brazil
| | - Nívea Karla de Gusmão Taveiros Silva
- Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Av. Lourival de Melo Mota, km 14, Campus A. C. Simões, Cidade Universitária, Maceió, AL, CEP 57072-970, Brazil
| | - Yngrid Mickaelli Oliveira Santos
- Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Av. Lourival de Melo Mota, km 14, Campus A. C. Simões, Cidade Universitária, Maceió, AL, CEP 57072-970, Brazil
| | - Daniel Leite Góes Gitaí
- Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Av. Lourival de Melo Mota, km 14, Campus A. C. Simões, Cidade Universitária, Maceió, AL, CEP 57072-970, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Duzzioni
- Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Av. Lourival de Melo Mota, km 14, Campus A. C. Simões, Cidade Universitária, Maceió, AL, CEP 57072-970, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Urban Borbely
- Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Av. Lourival de Melo Mota, km 14, Campus A. C. Simões, Cidade Universitária, Maceió, AL, CEP 57072-970, Brazil
| | - Robinson Sabino Silva
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Luiza Ferreira Donatti
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luisa Mestriner
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology, and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alessandro Fuzo
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology, and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Harvard Glycomics Center, Harvard Medical School, CLS 11087 - 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Norberto Garcia-Cairasco
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Dias-Baruffi
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology, and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Olagide Wagner de Castro
- Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Av. Lourival de Melo Mota, km 14, Campus A. C. Simões, Cidade Universitária, Maceió, AL, CEP 57072-970, Brazil.
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Zhu W, Wu F, Li J, Meng L, Zhang W, Zhang H, Cha S, Zhang J, Guo G. Impaired learning and memory generated by hyperthyroidism is rescued by restoration of AMPA and NMDA receptors function. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 171:105807. [PMID: 35777536 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperthyroidism has been identified as a risk factor for cognitive disorders. The hippocampus is a key brain region associated with cognitive function, among which excitatory synapse transmission plays an important role in the process of learning and memory. However, the mechanism by which hyperthyroidism leads to cognitive dysfunction through a synaptic mechanism remains unknown. We investigated the synaptic mechanisms in the effects of hyperthyroidism in an animal model that involved repeated injection of triiodothyronine (T3). These mice displayed impaired learning and memory in the Novel object recognition test, Y-maze test, and Morris Water Maze test, as well as elevated anxiety in the elevated plus maze. Mature dendritic spines in the hippocampal CA1 region of hyperthyroid mice were significantly decreased, accompanied by decreased level of AMPA- and NMDA-type glutamate receptors in the hippocampus. In primary cultured hippocampal neurons, levels of AMPA- and NMDA-type glutamate receptors also decreased and whole-cell patch-clamp recording revealed that excitatory synaptic function was obviously attenuated after T3 treatment. Notably, pharmacological activation of AMPAR or NMDAR by intraperitoneal injection of CX546, an AMPAR agonist, or NMDA, an NMDAR agonist can restore excitatory synaptic function and corrected impaired learning and memory deficit in hyperthyroid mice. Together, our findings uncovered a previously unrecognized AMPAR and NMDAR-dependent mechanism involved in regulating hippocampal excitatory synaptic transmission and learning and memory disorders in hyperthyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhu
- Department of Anatomy, Neuroscience Laboratory for Cognitive and Developmental Disorders, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Fengming Wu
- Department of Anatomy, Neuroscience Laboratory for Cognitive and Developmental Disorders, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Jiong Li
- Department of Anatomy, Neuroscience Laboratory for Cognitive and Developmental Disorders, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Lianghui Meng
- Department of Anatomy, Neuroscience Laboratory for Cognitive and Developmental Disorders, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Neuroscience Laboratory for Cognitive and Developmental Disorders, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Huijie Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Neuroscience Laboratory for Cognitive and Developmental Disorders, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Shuhan Cha
- Department of Anatomy, Neuroscience Laboratory for Cognitive and Developmental Disorders, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Neuroscience Laboratory for Cognitive and Developmental Disorders, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
| | - Guoqing Guo
- Department of Anatomy, Neuroscience Laboratory for Cognitive and Developmental Disorders, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
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Burke MW, Slimani H, Ptito M, Ervin FR, Palmour RM. Dose-Related Reduction in Hippocampal Neuronal Populations in Fetal Alcohol Exposed Vervet Monkeys. Brain Sci 2022; 12:1117. [PMID: 36138853 PMCID: PMC9496786 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12091117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is a chronic debilitating condition resulting in behavioral and intellectual impairments and is considered the most prevalent form of preventable mental retardation in the industrialized world. We previously reported that 2-year-old offspring of vervet monkey (Chlorocebus sabeus) dams drinking, on average, 2.3 ± 0.49 g ethanol per Kg maternal body weight 4 days per week during the last third of pregnancy had significantly lower numbers of CA1 (-51.6%), CA2 (-51.2%) and CA3 (-42.8%) hippocampal neurons, as compared to age-matched sucrose controls. Fetal alcohol-exposed (FAE) offspring also showed significantly lower volumes for these structures at 2 years of age. In the present study, we examined these same parameters in 12 FAE offspring with a similar average but a larger range of ethanol exposures (1.01-2.98 g/Kg/day; total ethanol exposure 24-158 g/Kg). Design-based stereology was performed on cresyl violet-stained and doublecortin (DCX)-immunostained sections of the hippocampus. We report here significant neuronal deficits in the hippocampus with a significant negative correlation between daily dose and neuronal population in CA1 (r2 = 0.486), CA2 (r2 = 0.492), and CA3 (r2 = 0.469). There were also significant correlations between DCX population in the dentate gyrus and daily dose (r2 = 0.560). Both correlations were consistent with linear dose-response models. This study illustrates that neuroanatomical sequelae of fetal ethanol exposure are dose-responsive and suggests that there may be a threshold for this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark W. Burke
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - Hocine Slimani
- School of Optometry and Department of Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Maurice Ptito
- School of Optometry and Department of Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Frank R. Ervin
- Behavioural Science Foundation, St. Kitts, Saint Kitts and Nevis
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Roberta M. Palmour
- Behavioural Science Foundation, St. Kitts, Saint Kitts and Nevis
- Departments of Human Genetics and Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada
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Min C, Ling R, Chen M, Xia D, Chen R, Li X. Enriched environment rescues neonatal pain induced cognitive deficits and the impaired hippocampal synaptic plasticity later in life. Dev Neurobiol 2022; 82:545-561. [PMID: 35945168 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Although extensive and untreated pain that occurs during a critical developmental window may impair cognition later in life, environmental interventions at early might promote. However, the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. Our current study utilized a rat model of "repetitive needle pricks" from the day of birth (P0) to postnatal day 7 (P7) to mimic the painful experience of preterm neonates in the Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Enriched environment (EE) during development period (from P15 to P70) was implemented as a nonpharmacological intervention approach. Electrophysiological recording, behavioral tests and biochemical analysis were performed after the end of EE (between P71 and P80). Results showed neonatal repetitive pain resulted in a reduction in mechanical withdrawal thresholds by the von Frey test in P70 (P < 0.001). Furthermore, neonatal repetitive pain impaired spatial learning and memory (P < 0.05) and even led to dysfunction in fear memory (P < 0.01). In contrast, EE rescued neonatal pain induced cognitive deficits and normalized hippocampal long-term potentiation in rats exposed to neonatal pain (P < 0.05). The beneficial effect of EE might be the improvements in hippocampal synaptic plasticity via up-regulating neurotrophic factors and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the hippocampus. Our findings provide evidence that early environmental intervention might be a safe strategy to overcome neurodevelopmental abnormalities in preterm infants who experienced multiple procedural painful events during the early critical period. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiting Min
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210008, P.R. China
| | - Ru Ling
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210008, P.R. China
| | - Mengying Chen
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210008, P.R. China
| | - Dongqing Xia
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210008, P.R. China
| | - Ran Chen
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210008, P.R. China
| | - Xiaonan Li
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210008, P.R. China
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Research progress on oxidative stress regulating different types of neuronal death caused by epileptic seizures. Neurol Sci 2022; 43:6279-6298. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-022-06302-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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Fu W, Franchini L, Orlandi C. Comprehensive Spatial Profile of the Orphan G Protein Coupled Receptor GPRC5B Expression in Mouse Brain. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:891544. [PMID: 35812210 PMCID: PMC9259939 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.891544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Orphan G Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) are GPCRs whose endogenous ligands are unknown or still debated. Due to the lack of pharmacological modulators, the physiological function of orphan GPCRs is understudied. However, relevant physiological roles associated with orphan GPCRs have been revealed by analysis of animal models and genome wide association studies illuminating an untapped potential for drug discovery. G Protein Coupled Receptor class C Group 5 Member B (GPRC5B) is among the most expressed GPCRs in the central nervous system. Thus, the expression profiling of GPRC5B is an essential step toward understanding GPRC5B function in health and disease. In this study, we generated new GPRC5B polyclonal antibodies and investigated the expression levels of GPRC5B across different organs and brain regions. We identified high levels of GPRC5B glycosylation both in transfected cells and in mouse brain. Moreover, in situ hybridization imaging analysis indicated that Gprc5b was expressed at the highest level in olfactory bulb, hippocampus, cerebellum, and pons. To dissect expression within various neuronal populations, we conducted a comprehensive spatial profiling of Gprc5b across excitatory and inhibitory neuronal types in medial prefrontal cortex, motor cortex, hippocampal regions, hypothalamus, and cerebellum. Overall, we discovered that GABAergic neurons displayed higher Gprc5b expression levels than glutamatergic neurons in most of the analyzed regions with the important exception of the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Overall, the expression analysis of GPRC5B in mouse brain will guide functional studies ultimately positioning GPRC5B in pathophysiological mechanisms and drug discovery.
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Integrated bioinformatics analysis reveals marker genes and immune infiltration for pulmonary arterial hypertension. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10154. [PMID: 35710932 PMCID: PMC9203517 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14307-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a chronic cardiopulmonary syndrome with high pulmonary vascular load and eventually causing RV heart failure even death. However, the mechanism of pulmonary hypertension remains unclear. The purpose of this research is to detect the underlying key genes and potential mechanism of PAH using several bioinformatic methods. The microarrays GSE22356, GSE131793 and GSE168905 were acquired from the GEO. Subsequently, a host of bioinformatics techniques such as DAVID, STRING, R language and Cytoscape were utilized to investigate DEGs between PAH and healthy controls and conduct GO annotation, KEGG enrichment analysis and PPI network construction etc. Additionally, we predicted the transcription factors regulating DEGs through iRegulon plugin of Cytoscape and CIBERSORT was used to conduct immune infiltration analysis. One thousand two hundred and seventy-seven DEGs (403 up-regulated and 874 down-regulated) were identified from peripheral blood samples of 32 PAH patients and 29 controls, among which SLC4A1, AHSP, ALAS2, CA1, HBD, SNCA, HBM, SELENBP1, SERPINE1 and ITGA2B were detected as hub genes. The functional enrichment changes of DEGs were mainly enriched in protein binding, extracellular exosome, extracellular space, extracellular region and integral component of plasma membrane. The hub genes are chiefly enriched at extracellular exosome, hemoglobin complex, blood microparticle, oxygen transporter activity. Among TF-DEGs network, 42 target DEGs and 6 TFs were predicted with an NES > 4 (TEAD4, TGIF2LY, GATA5, GATA1, GATA2, FOS). Immune infiltration analysis showed that monocytes occupied the largest proportion of immune cells. The trend analysis results of infiltration immune cells illustrated that PAH patients had higher infiltration of NK cell activation, monocyte, T cell CD4 memory activation, and mast cell than healthy controls and lower infiltration of T cell CD4 naive. We detected SLC4A1, AHSP, ALAS2, CA1, HBD, SNCA, HBM, SELENBP1, SERPINE1 and ITGA2B as the most significant markers of PAH. The PAH patients had higher infiltration of NK cell activation, monocyte, T cell CD4 memory activation, and mast cell than healthy controls and lower infiltration of T cell CD4 naive. These identified genes and these immune cells probably have precise regulatory relationships in the development of PAH.
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Unda-Díaz NM, Phillips-Farfán BV, Nava H, Lopez-Toledo L, Murata C, Lajud N, Herrera-Vargas MA, Arreola Camacho CA, Torner L, Fuentes-Farías AL, Meléndez-Herrera E. Negative Effects on Neurogenesis, Ovariogenesis, and Fitness in Sea Turtle Hatchlings Associated to ex situ Incubation Management. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.850612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sea turtle egg relocation and hatchery incubation (hereafter termed ex situ incubation) is an effective strategy to protect clutches when in situ egg incubation is not viable. Nevertheless, it negatively affects the ontogenesis of male gonads and brain areas homologous to the mammalian hippocampus, as well as body size and fitness. Thus, it is imperative to analyze the effects of ex situ incubation on other developmental aspects and extend these observations to females. This work evaluated the effect of ex situ management on neurogenesis (cell proliferation in the dorsal and medial ventricular zones, neuronal integration in the dorsomedial and medial cortices), ovary cell proliferation, body size (mass and length) and self-righting ability. Additionally, this study examined if the incubation microenvironment is different between in situ and ex situ nests and whether it could contribute to explain the biological traits. An analysis of principal components showed differences in biological variables of hatchlings between in situ and ex situ clutches, driven by contrasting temperatures and silt composition. Each biological variable was also analyzed with linear mixed models using in situ vs. ex situ clutches, abiotic variables and their interaction. Turtles from ex situ clutches showed: (1) fewer proliferating cells in the dorsal and medial ventricular zones; (2) less mature neurons in the dorsomedial and medial cortices; (3) ovaries with a lesser number of proliferating cells; (4) lower body mass and length at emergence; and (5) slower self-righting time. Together, the results suggest that ex situ incubation in hatcheries is related to a slowing down of neurogenesis, ovariogenesis, body size and self-righting ability in hatchlings. Future studies should evaluate the effect of ex situ incubation on cognitive and reproductive performance to understand the long-term consequences of altered organogenesis. These studies should also disentangle the differential contribution of egg movement, reburial, nesting environment and parental origin to development. This information would likely result in better conservation strategies for sea turtles.
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Long X, Wu H, Zhou Y, Wan Y, Kan X, Gong J, Zhao X. Preventive Effect of Limosilactobacillus fermentum SCHY34 on Lead Acetate-Induced Neurological Damage in SD Rats. Front Nutr 2022; 9:852012. [PMID: 35571929 PMCID: PMC9094495 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.852012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lead poisoning caused by lead pollution seriously affects people's health. Lactic acid bacteria has been shown to be useful for biological scavenging of lead. In this experiment, Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were treated with 200 mg/L of lead acetate solution daily to induce chronic lead poisoning, and oral Limosilactobacillus fermentum (L. fermentum) SCHY34 to study its mitigation effects and mechanisms on rat neurotoxicity. The L. fermentum SCHY34 showed competent results on in vitro survival rate and the lead ion adsorption rate. Animal experiments showed that L. fermentum SCHY34 maintained the morphology of rat liver, kidney, and hippocampi, reduced the accumulation of lead in the blood, liver, kidney, and brain tissue. Further, L. fermentum SCHY34 alleviated the lead-induced decline in spatial memory and response capacity of SD rats, and also regulated the secretion of neurotransmitters and related enzyme activities in the brain tissue of rats, such as glutamate (Glu), monoamine oxidase (MAO), acetylcholinesterase (AchE), cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), and adenylate cyclase (AC). In addition, the expression of genes related to cognitive capacity, antioxidation, and anti-apoptotic in rat brain tissues were increased L. fermentum SCHY34 treatment, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), c-fos, c-jun, superoxide dismutase (SOD)1/2, Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), and so on. L. fermentum SCHY34 showed a great biological scavenging and potential effect on alleviating the toxicity of lead ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyao Long
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Haibo Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Yujing Zhou
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunxiao Wan
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuemei Kan
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianjun Gong
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, China
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Dysmetabolism and Neurodegeneration: Trick or Treat? Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071425. [PMID: 35406040 PMCID: PMC9003269 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests the existence of a strong link between metabolic syndrome and neurodegeneration. Indeed, epidemiologic studies have described solid associations between metabolic syndrome and neurodegeneration, whereas animal models contributed for the clarification of the mechanistic underlying the complex relationships between these conditions, having the development of an insulin resistance state a pivotal role in this relationship. Herein, we review in a concise manner the association between metabolic syndrome and neurodegeneration. We start by providing concepts regarding the role of insulin and insulin signaling pathways as well as the pathophysiological mechanisms that are in the genesis of metabolic diseases. Then, we focus on the role of insulin in the brain, with special attention to its function in the regulation of brain glucose metabolism, feeding, and cognition. Moreover, we extensively report on the association between neurodegeneration and metabolic diseases, with a particular emphasis on the evidence observed in animal models of dysmetabolism induced by hypercaloric diets. We also debate on strategies to prevent and/or delay neurodegeneration through the normalization of whole-body glucose homeostasis, particularly via the modulation of the carotid bodies, organs known to be key in connecting the periphery with the brain.
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Jaiswal G, Kumar P. Neuroprotective role of apocynin against pentylenetetrazole kindling epilepsy and associated comorbidities in mice by suppression of ROS/RNS. Behav Brain Res 2022; 419:113699. [PMID: 34856299 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a neurological disease that transpires due to the unusual synchronized neuronal discharge within the central nervous system, which drives repetitious unprovoked seizures. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase is a complex enzyme accountable for reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, neurodegeneration, neurotoxicity, memory impairment, vitiates normal cellular processes, long term potentiation, and thus, implicated in the pathogenesis of epilepsy. Therefore, the present study was sketched to examine the neuroprotective effect of apocynin, NADPH oxidase inhibitor in pentylenetetrazole kindling epilepsy, and induced comorbidities in mice. Mice (either sex) were given pentylenetetrazole (35 mg/kg, i.p.) every other day up to 29 days, and a challenge test was executed on the 33rd day. Pretreatment with apocynin (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg, i.p.) was carried out from 1st to 33rd day. Rotarod and open field test were performed on the 1st, 10th, 20th, and 30th days of the study. Animals were tutored on the morris water maze from 30th to 33rd day, and the retention was registered on the 34th day. Tail suspension test and elevated plus maze were sequentially performed on the 32nd and 33rd day of the study. On the 34th day, animals were sacrificed, and their brains were isolated to conduct biochemical estimation. NADPH oxidase activation due to chronic pentylenetetrazole treatment resulted in generalized tonic-clonic seizures, enhanced oxidative stress, remodeled neurotransmitters' level, and resulted in comorbidities (anxiety, depression, and memory impairment). Pretreatment with apocynin significantly restricted the pentylenetetrazole induced seizure severity, ROS production, neurotransmitter alteration, and comorbid conditions by inhibiting the NADPH oxidase enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gagandeep Jaiswal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda (Punjab), India.
| | - Puneet Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda (Punjab), India; Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda (Punjab), India.
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Rudnitskaya EA, Burnyasheva AO, Kozlova TA, Peunov DA, Kolosova NG, Stefanova NA. Changes in Glial Support of the Hippocampus during the Development of an Alzheimer's Disease-like Pathology and Their Correction by Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidant SkQ1. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031134. [PMID: 35163053 PMCID: PMC8834695 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes and microglia are the first cells to react to neurodegeneration, e.g., in Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, the data on changes in glial support during the most common (sporadic) type of the disease are sparse. Using senescence-accelerated OXYS rats, which simulate key characteristics of sporadic AD, and Wistar rats (parental normal strain, control), we investigated hippocampal neurogenesis and glial changes during AD-like pathology. Using immunohistochemistry, we showed that the early stage of the pathology is accompanied by a lower intensity of neurogenesis and decreased astrocyte density in the dentate gyrus. The progressive stage is concurrent with reactive astrogliosis and microglia activation, as confirmed by increased cell densities and by the acquisition of cell-specific gene expression profiles, according to transcriptome sequencing data. Besides, here, we continued to analyze the anti-AD effects of prolonged supplementation with mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQ1. The antioxidant did not affect neurogenesis, partly normalized the gene expression profile of astrocytes and microglia, and shifted the resting/activated microglia ratio toward a decrease in the activated-cell density. In summary, both astrocytes and microglia are more vulnerable to AD-associated neurodegeneration in the CA3 area than in other hippocampal areas; SkQ1 had an anti-inflammatory effect and is a promising modality for AD prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina A. Rudnitskaya
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (ICG SB RAS), 10 Lavrentyeva Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.O.B.); (T.A.K.); (D.A.P.); (N.G.K.); (N.A.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Alena O. Burnyasheva
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (ICG SB RAS), 10 Lavrentyeva Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.O.B.); (T.A.K.); (D.A.P.); (N.G.K.); (N.A.S.)
| | - Tatiana A. Kozlova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (ICG SB RAS), 10 Lavrentyeva Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.O.B.); (T.A.K.); (D.A.P.); (N.G.K.); (N.A.S.)
| | - Daniil A. Peunov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (ICG SB RAS), 10 Lavrentyeva Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.O.B.); (T.A.K.); (D.A.P.); (N.G.K.); (N.A.S.)
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nataliya G. Kolosova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (ICG SB RAS), 10 Lavrentyeva Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.O.B.); (T.A.K.); (D.A.P.); (N.G.K.); (N.A.S.)
| | - Natalia A. Stefanova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (ICG SB RAS), 10 Lavrentyeva Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.O.B.); (T.A.K.); (D.A.P.); (N.G.K.); (N.A.S.)
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Ding H, Liu C, Zhang S, Li B, Xu Q, Shi B, Li S, Dong S, Ma X, Zhang Y, Zhong M, Zhang G. Sleeve gastrectomy attenuated diabetes-related cognitive decline in diabetic rats. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1015819. [PMID: 36407319 PMCID: PMC9669300 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1015819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of sleeve gastrectomy (SG) on diabetes-related cognitive decline (DCD) in rats with diabetic mellitus (DM). METHODS AND METHODS Forty Wistar rats were randomly divided into control (CON) group (n=10), diabetes mellitus (DM) group (n=10), sham operation (SHAM) group (n=10) and SG group (n=10). DM model was established by high-fat diet (HFD) combined with intraperitoneal injection of streptozocin (STZ). Behavioral evaluation was given using Morris water maze test and Y-maze. In addition, PET-CT, TUNEL assay, histological analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blot analysis were used to evaluate the alleviating effects and potential mechanisms of SG on DCD in DM rats. RESULTS Compared with the sham group, SG induced significant improvement in the metabolic indices such as blood glucose and body weight. Besides, it could attenuate the insulin resistance compared with SHAM group. In addition, SG could improve the cognitive function of DM rats, which were featured by significant decrease in the escape latency (P<0.05), and significant increase in the time in target quadrant and platform crossings (P<0.05) compared with the SHAM group. SG induced significant elevation in the spontaneous alternation compared with SHAM group (P<0.05). Moreover, SG could improve the arrangement and biosynthesis of hippocampus neuron. Moreover, SG triggered the inhibition of apoptosis of hippocampus neurons, and Western blot analysis showed SG induced significant increase in the ratios of Bcl-2/Bax and Caspase3/cleaved Caspase 3. TEM demonstrated SG could significantly improve the microstructure of hippocampus neurons compared with the SHAM group. Western blot and IHC confirmed the significant decrease in the phosphorylation of tau at Ser404 and Ser396 sites in the SG group. Furthermore, SG activated the PI3K signaling pathway by elevating the phosphorylation of PI3K and Akt and GSK3β compared with the SHAM group. CONCLUSION SG attenuated the DCD in DM rats, which may be related to the activation of PI3K signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanxin Ding
- Department of General Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chuxuan Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bingjun Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Bowen Shi
- Department of General Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Songhan Li
- Department of Breast Disease, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shuohui Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaomin Ma
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Mingwei Zhong
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Guangyong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Guangyong Zhang,
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Roysommuti S, Wyss JM. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Potentiates Entorhinal-Dentate but not Hippocampus CA1 Pathway in Adult Male Rats: A Mechanism of Taurine-Modulated BDNF on Learning and Memory. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1370:369-379. [PMID: 35882811 PMCID: PMC9467516 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-93337-1_35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Taurine plays an important role in neural growth and function from early to adult life, particularly in learning and memory via BDNF action. This study tested the hypothesis that BDNF differentially potentiates entorhinal-hippocampal synaptic transmission in vivo in adult rats. In anesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats, a stainless steel recording electrode with an attached microinjector was placed into CA1 and the dentate gyrus to record fEPSP, and a paired stainless steel electrode was inserted into entorhinal cortex for continuous paired-pulse stimulation of that brain region. In the dentate gyrus, microinjection of BDNF resulted in a gradual increase in the peak slope of the fEPSP. Following the infusion, the peak fEPSP began to rise in about 8 min, reached a maximum of 120 ± 2% (from baseline) by about 20 min, and remained near peak elevation (~115%) for more than 30 min. In contrast, the same dose of BDNF when injected into CA1 had no consistent effect on fEPSP slopes in the CA1. Further, an equimolar cytochrome C (horse heart) infusion had no significant effect on fEPSP slopes in either the dentate gyrus or CA1. The potentiation effect of BDNF in the dentate gyrus is consistent with a significant increase in power spectral density of dentate gyrus field potentials at 70-200 Hz, but not at frequencies below 70 Hz. In addition, the CA1 power spectral density was not affected by BDNF (compared to cytochrome C). These data indicate that in vivo BDNF potentiates entorhinal-hippocampal synaptic transmission in dentate gyrus, but not in CA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanya Roysommuti
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
| | - James Michael Wyss
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Wang X, Wang Z, Cao J, Dong Y, Chen Y. Ferroptosis Mechanisms Involved in Hippocampal-Related Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189902. [PMID: 34576065 PMCID: PMC8472822 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a newly recognized type of cell death that is different from traditional forms of cell death, such as apoptosis, autophagy, and necrosis. It is caused by the accumulation of intracellular iron, promoting lipid peroxidation and leading to cell death. Iron is essential as a redox metal in several physiological functions. The brain is one of the organs known to be affected by iron homeostatic balance disruption. An increased concentration of iron in the central nervous system has been associated with oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation of proteins, and cell death. The hippocampus is an important brain region for learning, memory, and emotional responses, and is also a sensitive part of the brain to the dysfunctional homeostasis of transition metals. Damage of hippocampal structure and function are intimately involved in the pathogenic mechanisms underlying neurodegenerative diseases. Currently, ferroptosis is playing an increasingly important role in treatment areas of central nervous system diseases. Thus, we provide an overview of ferroptosis regulatory mechanisms, such as lipid metabolism, glutathione metabolism, and iron metabolism in this review. We also highlight the role of ferroptosis in hippocampal-related diseases and investigate a theoretical basis for further research on the role of ferroptosis in nervous system disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yaoxing Chen
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-62733778; Fax: +86-10-62733199
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Sehara Y, Hayashi Y, Ohba K, Uchibori R, Urabe M, Inutsuka A, Shimazaki K, Kawai K, Mizukami H. Higher Transduction Efficiency of AAV5 to Neural Stem Cells and Immature Neurons in Gerbil Dentate Gyrus Compared to AAV2 and rh10. Hum Gene Ther 2021; 33:76-85. [PMID: 34348481 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2021.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The safety and high efficiency of adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors has facilitated their wide scale use to deliver therapeutic genes for experimental and clinical purposes in diseases affecting the central nervous system (CNS). AAV1, 2, 5, 8, 9, and rh10 are the most commonly used serotypes for CNS applications. Most AAVs are known to transduce genes predominantly into neurons. However, the precise tropism of AAVs in the dentate gyrus (DG), the region where persistent neurogenesis occurs in the adult brain, is not fully understood. We stereotaxically injected 1.5 × 1010 viral genomes of AAV2, 5, or rh10 carrying green fluorescent protein (GFP) into the right side of gerbil hippocampus, and performed immunofluorescent analysis using differentiation stage-specific markers one week after injection. We found that AAV5 showed a significantly larger number of double positive cells for GFP and Sox2 in the DG, compared to the AAV2 and rh10 groups. On the other hand, AAVrh10 presented a substantially larger number of double positive cells for GFP and NeuN in the DG, compared to AAV2 and AAV5. Our findings indicated that AAV5 showed high transduction efficiency to neural stem cells and precursor cells, while AAVrh10 showed much higher efficiency to mature neurons in the DG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihide Sehara
- Jichi Medical University, Division of Genetic Therapeutics, Center for Molecular Medicine, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan, 329-0498;
| | - Yuka Hayashi
- Jichi Medical University, Division of Genetic Therapeutics, Center for Molecular Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan;
| | - Kenji Ohba
- Jichi Medical University, Division of Genetic Therapeutics, Center for Molecular Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan;
| | - Ryosuke Uchibori
- Jichi Medical University, Division of Genetic Therapeutics, Center for Molecular Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan;
| | - Masashi Urabe
- Jichi Medical University, Division of Genetic Therapeutics, Center for Molecular Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan;
| | - Ayumu Inutsuka
- Jichi Medical University, 12838, Division of Brain and Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan;
| | - Kuniko Shimazaki
- Jichi Medical University, 12838, Department of Neurosurgery, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan;
| | - Kensuke Kawai
- Jichi Medical University, 12838, Department of Neurosurgery, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan;
| | - Hiroaki Mizukami
- Jichi Medical University, Division of Genetic Therapeutics, Center for Molecular Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan;
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Bulbocodin D ameliorate cognitive impairment in APP/PS1 transgenic mice by modulating amyloid-beta burden, oxidative status and neuroinflammation. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2021; 238:2073-2082. [PMID: 33811504 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-05832-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Amyloid β peptide (Aβ) triggers a series of pathological events including microglial activation, oxidative stress, and inflammation-causing neuronal death and typical pathological changes in Alzheimer's disease (AD). OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects and mechanism of bulbocodin D for AD in vivo. METHODS In this study, Morris water maze (MWM) analysis was used to detect the cognitive ability of APP/PS1 mice after gavage with bulbocodin D for 2 months. Levels of Aβ40, Aβ42, IL-1β, and TNF-α were evaluated by ELISA. Aβ plaques and biomarkers of neuroinflammation were also investigated through histological analysis. RESULTS We established that bulbocodin D significantly improved cognitive deficits in APP/PS1 transgenic mice and reduced the levels of amyloid plaque, Aβ40, and Aβ42. Bulbocodin D also reduced levels of microglial markers IbA1, GFAP, and antioxidant enzymes and reduced the products of lipid peroxidation and proinflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSION In summary, the present study provides preclinical evidence that oral bulbocodin D can reduce AD pathology.
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Santos VR, Melo IS, Pacheco ALD, Castro OWD. Life and death in the hippocampus: What's bad? Epilepsy Behav 2021; 121:106595. [PMID: 31759972 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.106595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The hippocampal formation is crucial for the generation and regulation of several brain functions, including memory and learning processes; however, it is vulnerable to neurological disorders, such as epilepsy. Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), the most common type of epilepsy, changes the hippocampal circuitry and excitability, under the contribution of both neuronal degeneration and abnormal neurogenesis. Classically, neurodegeneration affects sensitive areas of the hippocampus, such as dentate gyrus (DG) hilus, as well as specific fields of the Ammon's horn, CA3, and CA1. In addition, the proliferation, migration, and abnormal integration of newly generated hippocampal granular cells (GCs) into the brain characterize TLE neurogenesis. Robust studies over the years have intensely discussed the effects of death and life in the hippocampus, though there are still questions to be answered about their possible benefits and risks. Here, we review the impacts of death and life in the hippocampus, discussing its influence on TLE, providing new perspectives or insights for the implementation of new possible therapeutic targets. This article is part of the Special Issue "NEWroscience 2018".
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Rodrigues Santos
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - Igor Santana Melo
- Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Maceio, Brazil
| | | | - Olagide Wagner de Castro
- Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Maceio, Brazil.
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Hristova K, Martinez-Gonzalez C, Watson TC, Codadu NK, Hashemi K, Kind PC, Nolan MF, Gonzalez-Sulser A. Medial septal GABAergic neurons reduce seizure duration upon optogenetic closed-loop stimulation. Brain 2021; 144:1576-1589. [PMID: 33769452 PMCID: PMC8219369 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Seizures can emerge from multiple or large foci in temporal lobe epilepsy, complicating focally targeted strategies such as surgical resection or the modulation of the activity of specific hippocampal neuronal populations through genetic or optogenetic techniques. Here, we evaluate a strategy in which optogenetic activation of medial septal GABAergic neurons, which provide extensive projections throughout the hippocampus, is used to control seizures. We utilized the chronic intrahippocampal kainate mouse model of temporal lobe epilepsy, which results in spontaneous seizures and as is often the case in human patients, presents with hippocampal sclerosis. Medial septal GABAergic neuron populations were immunohistochemically labelled and were not reduced in epileptic conditions. Genetic labelling with mRuby of medial septal GABAergic neuron synaptic puncta and imaging across the rostral to caudal extent of the hippocampus, also indicated an unchanged number of putative synapses in epilepsy. Furthermore, optogenetic stimulation of medial septal GABAergic neurons consistently modulated oscillations across multiple hippocampal locations in control and epileptic conditions. Finally, wireless optogenetic stimulation of medial septal GABAergic neurons, upon electrographic detection of spontaneous hippocampal seizures, resulted in reduced seizure durations. We propose medial septal GABAergic neurons as a novel target for optogenetic control of seizures in temporal lobe epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Hristova
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Simons Initiative for the Developing
Brain, Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain and Patrick Wild Centre, University
of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Cristina Martinez-Gonzalez
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Simons Initiative for the Developing
Brain, Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain and Patrick Wild Centre, University
of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Thomas C Watson
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Simons Initiative for the Developing
Brain, Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain and Patrick Wild Centre, University
of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Neela K Codadu
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Simons Initiative for the Developing
Brain, Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain and Patrick Wild Centre, University
of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Peter C Kind
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Simons Initiative for the Developing
Brain, Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain and Patrick Wild Centre, University
of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Matthew F Nolan
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Simons Initiative for the Developing
Brain, Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain and Patrick Wild Centre, University
of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alfredo Gonzalez-Sulser
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Simons Initiative for the Developing
Brain, Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain and Patrick Wild Centre, University
of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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50
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Yu XC, Li Z, Liu XR, Hu JN, Liu R, Zhu N, Li Y. The Antioxidant Effects of Whey Protein Peptide on Learning and Memory Improvement in Aging Mice Models. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13062100. [PMID: 34205338 PMCID: PMC8234805 DOI: 10.3390/nu13062100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the antioxidant effects of whey protein peptide on learning and memory in aging C57BL/6N mice. A total of 72 SPF male C57BL/6N mice were used. Twelve mice were randomly selected as the control group, and the other mice were intraperitoneally injected with D-galactose (100 mg/kg body weight for 6 weeks), during which, the mice in the control group were intraperitoneally injected with the same amount of normal saline. After 6 weeks, the blood was taken from the epicanthus and the serum MDA level was measured, according to which, the mice were randomly divided into the model control group, the whey protein group (1.5 g/kg body weight), and three Whey protein peptide (WHP) intervention groups (0.3 g/kg body weight, 1.5 g/kg body weight, 3.0 g/kg body weight). The water solution of the test sample was administered by oral gavage every day. The intervention period was 30 days, during which, the model control group, the whey protein group, and the whey protein peptide group continued receiving intraperitoneal injections of D-galactose, while the control group continued receiving intraperitoneal injections of normal saline. After the intervention, behavioral experiments were conducted in the following order: open field test, water maze test, and new object recognition test. After the behavioral experiment, the morphology of hippocampal formation was observed by HE staining and TUNEL labeling. Oxidative stress-related indexes in the serum, liver, and brain were detected. Expression levels of the cholinergic system-related enzymes and proinflammatory cytokines in brain tissue were detected. Western blot was used to detect the expression of synaptic plasticity-related proteins in the mouse brain. The results showed that WHP could significantly improve the accumulation of MDA and PC, increase the activities of SOD and GSH-Px, resist oxidative stress injury, and enhance the potential of endogenous antioxidant defense mechanisms. WHP can significantly improve the decline of aging-related spatial exploration, body movement, and spatial and non-spatial learning/memory ability. Its specific mechanism may be related to reducing the degeneration of hippocampal nerve cells, reducing the apoptosis of nerve cells, improving the activity of AChE, reducing the expression of inflammatory factors (TNF-α and IL-1β) in brain tissue, reducing oxidative stress injury, and improving the expression of p-CaMKⅡ and BDNF synaptic plasticity protein. These results indicate that WHP can improve aging-related oxidative stress, as well as learning and memory impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yong Li
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