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Chida T, Kawata K, Ohta K, Matsunaga E, Ito J, Shimoyama S, Yamazaki S, Noritake H, Suzuki T, Suda T, Kobayashi Y. Rapid Changes in Serum Lipid Profiles during Combination Therapy with Daclatasvir and Asunaprevir in Patients Infected with Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 1b. Gut Liver 2018; 12:201-207. [PMID: 29212314 PMCID: PMC5832345 DOI: 10.5009/gnl17179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Changes in lipid profiles in patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) during direct-acting antiviral therapy have been reported in recent years. However, the clinical aspects of disturbed lipid metabolism in chronic HCV infection have not been fully elucidated. Methods Dynamic changes in serum total, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and apolipoprotein levels in patients infected with HCV genotype 1b were examined during combination therapy with daclatasvir (DCV) and asunaprevir (ASV). Results Total, LDL−, and HDL-cholesterol levels increased rapidly and persistently after week 4. Apolipoprotein (apo) A-I, apo B, apo C-II, and apo C-III levels were significantly higher at week 4 than at week 0. In contrast, apo A-II and apo E levels were significantly lower. The differences in LDL− and HDL-cholesterol levels were positively correlated with those of apo B and apo A-I, respectively. Interestingly, in patients with non-sustained virological response, these cholesterol levels decreased rapidly after viral breakthrough or viral relapse. Furthermore, similar changes were observed for apo A-I, apo B and apo C-III levels. Conclusions Clearance of HCV using combination therapy with DCV and ASV results in rapid changes in serum lipid profiles, suggesting an influence of HCV infection on disturbed lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Chida
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,Department of Virology and Parasitology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Kawata
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Ohta
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,Department of Virology and Parasitology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Erika Matsunaga
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Jun Ito
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Shin Shimoyama
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Satoru Yamazaki
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Hidenao Noritake
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Suzuki
- Department of Virology and Parasitology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Takafumi Suda
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Kobayashi
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
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Exploring lipid and apolipoprotein levels in chronic hepatitis C patients according to their response to antiviral treatment. Clin Biochem 2018; 60:17-23. [PMID: 30030979 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus is known to be highly dependent of lipid metabolism to infect new cells and replicate. AIMS To investigate lipid and apolipoprotein profile in chronic HCV patients according to treatment response. METHODS Patients recruited from the Hepatitis Treatment Center at Niteroi (Brazil) who received interferon (IFN)-based therapies were separated into two groups, those who achieved sustained virological response (SVR) or not (non-SVR). Another group of patients treated with IFN-free direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapies was followed from before starting the treatment until one year after therapy. Triglycerides, total cholesterol and fractions were determined by colorimetric and/or electrophoresis techniques. Lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity and serum levels of apolipoproteins A1, A2, B, C2, C3 and E were assessed by enzymatic and multiplex assays, respectively. RESULTS We studied 114 patients, and SVR was reached in 28 (39.4%) patients treated with IFN-therapy and in all (100%) patients who received DAA. Non-SVR patients (n = 43) presented altered liver parameters post-treatment. Levels of total cholesterol, LDL-C, VLDL-C and triglycerides were significant higher in SVR group. In contrast, LCAT activity and HDL-C levels were elevated in non-SVR patients. Only apolipoproteins B, C2 and C3 levels were increased in SVR group. The follow-up of SVR-DAA patients (n = 43) revealed a significant and progressive increase in serum levels of total cholesterol, LDL-C, VLDL-C and triglycerides. CONCLUSIONS After a successful treatment, chronic hepatitis C patients experienced a reestablishment of lipid metabolism. Our results suggest that the monitoring of serum lipids could be a practical and routine laboratory tool to be applied during the treatment follow-up.
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Lipid testing in infectious diseases: possible role in diagnosis and prognosis. Infection 2017; 45:575-588. [PMID: 28484991 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-017-1022-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute infections lead to significant alterations in metabolic regulation including lipids and lipoproteins, which play a central role in the host immune response. In this regard, several studies have investigated the role of lipid levels as a marker of infection severity and prognosis. SCOPE OF REVIEW We review here the role of lipids in immune response and the potential mechanisms underneath. Moreover, we summarize studies on lipid and lipoprotein alterations in acute bacterial, viral and parasitic infections as well as their diagnostic and prognostic significance. Chronic infections (HIV, HBV, HCV) are also considered. RESULTS All lipid parameters have been found to be significantly dearranged during acute infection. Common lipid alterations in this setting include a decrease of total cholesterol levels and an increase in the concentration of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, mainly very low-density lipoproteins. Also, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein A1, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein-B levels decrease. These lipid alterations may have prognostic and diagnostic role in certain infections. CONCLUSION Lipid testing may be of help to assess response to treatment in septic patients and those with various acute infections (such as pneumonia, leptospirosis and others). Diagnostically, new onset of altered lipid levels should prompt the clinician to test for underlying infection (such as leishmaniasis).
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Xu P, Wu M, Chen H, Xu J, Wu M, Li M, Qian F, Xu J. Bioinformatics analysis of hepatitis C virus genotype 2a-induced human hepatocellular carcinoma in Huh7 cells. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:191-202. [PMID: 26811688 PMCID: PMC4712971 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s91748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a liver cancer that could be induced by hepatitis C virus genotype 2a Japanese fulminant hepatitis-1 (JFH-1) strain. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanisms of HCC. The microarray data GSE20948 includes 14 JFH-1- and 14 mock (equal volume of medium [control])-infected Huh7 samples. The data were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus. After data processing, soft cluster analyses were performed to identify co-regulated genes with similar temporal expression patterns. Functional and pathway enrichment analyses, as well as functional annotation analysis, were performed. Subsequently, combined networks of protein–protein interaction network, microRNA regulatory network, and transcriptional regulatory network were constructed. Hub nodes, modules, and five clusters of co-regulated genes were also identified. In total, 173 up and 207 down co-regulated genes were separately identified in JFH-1-infected Huh7 cells compared with those of control cells. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that up co-regulated genes were related to skeletal system morphogenesis and neuron differentiation and down co-regulated genes were related to steroid/cholesterol/sterol metabolisms. Hub genes (such as IRF1, GBP1, ICAM1, Foxa1, DHCR7, HMGCS2, and MSMO1) were identified. Transcription factors IRF1 and Foxa1 were the targets of miR-130a, miR-17-5p, and miR-20a. PPARGC1A was targeted by miR-29 family, and MSMO1 was the target of miR-23 family. Hub nodes (such as IRF1, GBP1, ICAM1, Foxa1, DHCR7, HMGCS2, and MSMO1) and microRNAs might be used as candidate biomarkers of JFH-1-infected HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Xu
- Inspection Center, Affiliated Infectious Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of TB Prevention and Cure of Suzhou City, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiying Wu
- Key Laboratory of TB Prevention and Cure of Suzhou City, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Infectious Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Chen
- Inspection Center, Affiliated Infectious Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of TB Prevention and Cure of Suzhou City, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Junchi Xu
- Inspection Center, Affiliated Infectious Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of TB Prevention and Cure of Suzhou City, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Minjuan Wu
- Inspection Center, Affiliated Infectious Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Infectious Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Qian
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Infectious Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Junhua Xu
- Key Laboratory of TB Prevention and Cure of Suzhou City, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China; Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Infectious Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
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Aizawa Y, Seki N, Nagano T, Abe H. Chronic hepatitis C virus infection and lipoprotein metabolism. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:10299-10313. [PMID: 26420957 PMCID: PMC4579877 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i36.10299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a hepatotrophic virus and a major cause of chronic liver disease, including hepatocellular carcinoma, worldwide. The life cycle of HCV is closely associated with the metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins. The main function of lipoproteins is transporting lipids throughout the body. Triglycerides, free cholesterol, cholesteryl esters, and phospholipids are the major components of the transported lipids. The pathway of HCV assembly and secretion is closely linked to lipoprotein production and secretion, and the infectivity of HCV particles largely depends on the interaction of lipoproteins. Moreover, HCV entry into hepatocytes is strongly influenced by lipoproteins. The key lipoprotein molecules mediating these interactions are apolipoproteins. Apolipoproteins are amphipathic proteins on the surface of a lipoprotein particle, which help stabilize lipoprotein structure. They perform a key role in lipoprotein metabolism by serving as receptor ligands, enzyme co-factors, and lipid transport carriers. Understanding the association between the life cycle of HCV and lipoprotein metabolism is important because each step of the life cycle of HCV that is associated with lipoprotein metabolism is a potential target for anti-HCV therapy. In this article, we first concisely review the nature of lipoprotein and its metabolism to better understand the complicated interaction of HCV with lipoprotein. Then, we review the outline of the processes of HCV assembly, secretion, and entry into hepatocytes, focusing on the association with lipoproteins. Finally, we discuss the clinical aspects of disturbed lipid/lipoprotein metabolism and the significance of dyslipoproteinemia in chronic HCV infection with regard to abnormal apolipoproteins.
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Nagano T, Seki N, Tomita Y, Sugita T, Aida Y, Itagaki M, Sutoh S, Abe H, Tsubota A, Aizawa Y. Impact of Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 1b Infection on Triglyceride Concentration in Serum Lipoprotein Fractions. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:20576-94. [PMID: 26334270 PMCID: PMC4613219 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160920576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduced low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol level is a characteristic feature of dyslipidemia in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. However, abnormality in serum triglyceride (TG) has not been fully investigated. To clarify the impact of HCV genotype 1b (G1b) infection and advanced fibrosis on serum TG profiles, TG concentrations in lipoprotein fractions were examined in fasting sera from 185 subjects with active or cleared HCV infection by high-performance liquid chromatography. Serum lipoproteins were fractionated into four classes: chylomicron, very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), LDL, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Then, the significance of HCV G1b infection on TG levels in each lipoprotein fraction was determined using multiple regression models. We found that active HCV G1b infection was positively associated with high HDL-TG levels and low VLDL-TG levels, independent of other factors included in the regression model. In VLDL sub-fractions, active HCV infection was only found to be associated with low levels of large VLDL-TG. Similarly, advanced liver fibrosis in chronic HCV G1b infection was associated with high levels of LDL-TG, HDL-TG, and small VLDL-TG, independent of other clinical factors. These findings indicate that active HCV G1b infection and advanced fibrosis are closely associated with abnormal serum TG profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohisa Nagano
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Internal Medicine, Jikei University Katsushika Medical Center, 6-41-2 Aoto, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8506, Japan.
| | - Nobuyoshi Seki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Internal Medicine, Jikei University Katsushika Medical Center, 6-41-2 Aoto, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8506, Japan.
| | - Yoichi Tomita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Internal Medicine, Jikei University Katsushika Medical Center, 6-41-2 Aoto, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8506, Japan.
| | - Tomonori Sugita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Internal Medicine, Jikei University Katsushika Medical Center, 6-41-2 Aoto, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8506, Japan.
| | - Yuta Aida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Internal Medicine, Jikei University Katsushika Medical Center, 6-41-2 Aoto, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8506, Japan.
| | - Munenori Itagaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Internal Medicine, Jikei University Katsushika Medical Center, 6-41-2 Aoto, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8506, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Sutoh
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Internal Medicine, Jikei University Katsushika Medical Center, 6-41-2 Aoto, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8506, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Abe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Internal Medicine, Jikei University Katsushika Medical Center, 6-41-2 Aoto, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8506, Japan.
| | - Akihito Tsubota
- Core Research Facilities for Basic Science, Research Center for Medical Science, Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
| | - Yoshio Aizawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Internal Medicine, Jikei University Katsushika Medical Center, 6-41-2 Aoto, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8506, Japan.
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Naggie S, Patel K, Yang LY, Chow SC, Johnson V, Guyton JR, Muir AJ, Sulkowski M, Hicks C. Antiretroviral Effects on Host Lipoproteins Are Associated With Changes in Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) RNA Levels in Human Immunodeficiency Virus/HCV Coinfected Individuals. Open Forum Infect Dis 2015; 2:ofv066. [PMID: 26110167 PMCID: PMC4473112 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofv066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the impact of antiretroviral-induced dyslipidemia on hepatitis C virus (HCV) biogenesis in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/HCV coinfected patients. This study used serum samples from antiretroviral-naive HIV/HCV patients initiating their first regimen as part of AIDS Clinical Trials Group study protocols (A5142, A5202). Initiation of antiretrovirals increased most lipoproteins and apolipoproteins. In the multivariable model, changes in apolipoproteins were associated with changes in log10 HCV RNA from baseline to week-24 of therapy. Off-target lipogenic changes need to be considered in the context of liver and other metabolic disease in HIV/HCV patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Naggie
- Duke Clinical Research Institute ; Duke University Medical Center
| | - Keyur Patel
- Duke Clinical Research Institute ; Duke University Medical Center
| | - Lan-Yan Yang
- Duke Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Durham, North Carolina ; Clinical Trial Center , Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Taoyuan , Taiwan
| | - Shein-Chung Chow
- Duke Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | | | - Andrew J Muir
- Duke Clinical Research Institute ; Duke University Medical Center
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Meissner EG, Lee YJ, Osinusi A, Sims Z, Qin J, Sturdevant D, McHutchison J, Subramanian M, Sampson M, Naggie S, Patel K, Remaley AT, Masur H, Kottilil S. Effect of sofosbuvir and ribavirin treatment on peripheral and hepatic lipid metabolism in chronic hepatitis C virus, genotype 1-infected patients. Hepatology 2015; 61:790-801. [PMID: 25203718 PMCID: PMC4340816 DOI: 10.1002/hep.27424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hepatitis C virus (HCV) modulates intrahepatic cholesterol biosynthetic pathways to promote viral replication. Chronic HCV infection is associated with altered metabolism, including dyslipidemia and insulin resistance (IR), which contributes to disease progression and influences response to therapy. To further understand the impact of HCV infection on host metabolism, we examined changes in serum lipid profiles and intrahepatic expression of lipid-related genes during interferon (IFN)-free treatment of chronic HCV, genotype 1 infection with sofosbuvir and ribavirin (RBV), and explored associations with treatment outcome. Serum lipids (total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein [LDL], high-density lipoprotein [HDL], and triglycerides [TGs]) and hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) were measured during treatment, while gene expression of lipid-related genes was assessed using paired pre- and end-of-treatment (EOT) liver biopsies from 8 patients (n=7 sustained virologic response [SVR]; n=1 relapse) and unpaired EOT liver biopsies from 25 patients (n=17 SVR; n=8 relapse). Serum LDL concentration and particle size increased early in therapy, whereas TG concentration and very-low-density lipoprotein particle size decreased concomitantly, irrespective of treatment outcome. Whereas LDL increased in patients regardless of treatment outcome, average LDL concentration was lower at baseline and post-treatment in patients who relapsed. Analysis of paired liver biopsies revealed altered expression of genes associated with lipid transport, assembly, and signaling. In unpaired EOT liver biopsies, intrahepatic expression of fatty acid metabolism and lipid transport genes was lower in patients who experienced treatment relapse. CONCLUSION Clearance of HCV using an IFN-free antiviral regimen results in rapid changes in peripheral and intrahepatic metabolic pathways, implicating a direct effect of HCV replication on lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric G. Meissner
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yu-Jin Lee
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anu Osinusi
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland Medical School, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zayani Sims
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jing Qin
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dan Sturdevant
- Genomics Unit, Research Technologies Section, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | | | | | - Maureen Sampson
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Susanna Naggie
- Duke University, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Keyur Patel
- Duke University, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Alan T. Remaley
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Henry Masur
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shyam Kottilil
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Assessment of the features of serum apolipoprotein profiles in chronic HCV infection: difference between HCV genotypes 1b and 2. Hepatol Int 2014. [PMID: 26202760 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-014-9572-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The life cycle of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is tightly associated with host lipoprotein metabolic pathways. Apolipoprotein is present on the outer surface of lipoprotein particles and plays an important role in lipoprotein metabolism. We aimed to elucidate the influence of chronic HCV infection on serum apolipoprotein profiles. METHODS Fasting serum apolipoprotein profiles of 310 subjects with active or cleared HCV infection were examined. Subsequently, the association between chronic HCV infection and serum apolipoprotein levels was determined using multiple regression analysis. RESULTS Active HCV infection was associated with high serum levels of apo A-II and low serum levels of apo C-II and C-III. HCV infection with both genotype 1b (G1b) and genotype 2 (G2) was associated with low serum levels of either apo C-II and C-III, whereas only HCV G1b infections caused elevated levels of apo A II and E. Among active HCV infections, HCV G1b was associated with an elevation in the serum apo E levels. Furthermore, IL28B non-major genotype (rs8099917 TG/GG) was associated with low levels of serum apo B and high levels of apoA-II, and advanced fibrosis was associated with low levels of apo B and C-II in G1b infection. CONCLUSIONS Active HCV infection is distinctively associated with characteristic serum apolipoprotein profiles. The influence on apolipoprotein profiles varies with different HCV genotypes. Moreover, the genotype of IL28B and hepatic fibrosis affected serum apolipoproteins in G1b infection. Abnormalities in serum apolipoproteins may provide a clue to the elucidation of complex interactions between active HCV infection and lipid metabolism.
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Hepatitis C virus, cholesterol and lipoproteins--impact for the viral life cycle and pathogenesis of liver disease. Viruses 2013; 5:1292-324. [PMID: 23698400 PMCID: PMC3712309 DOI: 10.3390/v5051292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a leading cause of chronic liver disease, including chronic hepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatitis C infection associates with lipid and lipoprotein metabolism disorders such as hepatic steatosis, hypobetalipoproteinemia, and hypocholesterolemia. Furthermore, virus production is dependent on hepatic very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) assembly, and circulating virions are physically associated with lipoproteins in complexes termed lipoviral particles. Evidence has indicated several functional roles for the formation of these complexes, including co-opting of lipoprotein receptors for attachment and entry, concealing epitopes to facilitate immune escape, and hijacking host factors for HCV maturation and secretion. Here, we review the evidence surrounding pathogenesis of the hepatitis C infection regarding lipoprotein engagement, cholesterol and triglyceride regulation, and the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects.
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12
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Jiang H, Stabler SP, Allen RH, Maclean KN. Altered expression of apoA-I, apoA-IV and PON-1 activity in CBS deficient homocystinuria in the presence and absence of treatment: possible implications for cardiovascular outcomes. Mol Genet Metab 2012; 107:55-65. [PMID: 22633282 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2012.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2012] [Accepted: 04/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Classical homocystinuria (HCU) is caused by mutations in cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) which, if untreated, typically results in cognitive impairment, thromboembolic complications and connective tissue disturbances. Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) and apolipoprotein apoA-I are both synthesized in the liver and contribute to much of the cardioprotective effects of high density lipoprotein. Additionally, apoA-I exerts significant neuro-protective effects that act to preserve cognition. Previous work in a Cbs null mouse model that incurs significant liver injury, reported that HCU dramatically decreases PON1 expression. Conflicting reports exist in the literature concerning the relative influence of homocysteine and cysteine upon apoA-I expression. We investigated expression of PON1 and apoA-I in the presence and absence of homocysteine lowering therapy, in both the HO mouse model of HCU and human subjects with this disorder. We observed no significant change in plasma PON1 paraoxonase activity in either mice or humans with HCU indicating that this enzyme is unlikely to contribute to the cardiovascular sequelae of HCU. Plasma levels of apoA-I were unchanged in mice with mildly elevated homocysteine due to CBS deficiency but were significantly diminished in both mice and humans with HCU. Subsequent experiments revealed that HCU acts to dramatically decrease apoA-I levels in the brain. Cysteine supplementation in HO mice had no discernible effect on plasma levels of apoA-I while treatment to lower homocysteine normalized plasma levels of this lipoprotein in both HO mice and humans with HCU. Our results indicate that plasma apoA-I levels in HCU are inversely related to homocysteine and are consistent with a plausible role for decreased expression of apoA-I as a contributory factor for both cardiovascular disease and cognitive impairment in HCU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045-0511, USA
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13
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Hsu CS, Kao JH. Hepatitis C virus and lipid profiles: more questions than answers? Hepatol Int 2011; 5:865-7. [PMID: 21800144 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-011-9298-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 06/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Sheng Hsu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Horng Kao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, 7 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan.
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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