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Wang Y, Yang C, Wen J, Ju L, Ren Z, Zhang T, Liu Y. Whole-exome sequencing combined with postoperative data identify c.1614dup (CAMKK2) as a novel candidate monogenic obesity variant. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1334342. [PMID: 38469147 PMCID: PMC10925648 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1334342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Early-onset obesity is a rising health concern influenced by heredity. However, many monogenic obesity variants (MOVs) remain to be discovered due to differences in ethnicity and culture. Additionally, patients with known MOVs have shown limited weight loss after bariatric surgery, suggesting it can be used as a screening tool for new candidates. In this study, we performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) combined with postoperative data to detect candidate MOVs in a cohort of 62 early-onset obesity and 9 late-onset obesity patients. Our findings demonstrated that patients with early-onset obesity preferred a higher BMI and waist circumference (WC). We confirmed the efficacy of the method by identifying a mutation in known monogenic obesity gene, PCSK1, which resulted in less weight loss after surgery. 5 genes were selected for further verification, and a frameshift variant in CAMKK2 gene: NM_001270486.1, c.1614dup, (p. Gly539Argfs*3) was identified as a novel candidate MOV. This mutation influenced the improvement of metabolism after bariatric surgery. In conclusion, our data confirm the efficacy of WES combined with postoperative data in detecting novel candidate MOVs and c.1614dup (CAMKK2) might be a promising MOV, which needs further confirmation. This study enriches the human monogenic obesity mutation database and provides a scientific basis for clinically accurate diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Center of Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- Medical Research Center, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chao Yang
- West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Wen
- Center of Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingling Ju
- Center of Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhengyun Ren
- Center of Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tongtong Zhang
- Center of Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- Medical Research Center, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanjun Liu
- Center of Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
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Boltz T, Schwarz T, Bot M, Hou K, Caggiano C, Lapinska S, Duan C, Boks MP, Kahn RS, Zaitlen N, Pasaniuc B, Ophoff R. Cell-type deconvolution of bulk-blood RNA-seq reveals biological insights into neuropsychiatric disorders. Am J Hum Genet 2024; 111:323-337. [PMID: 38306997 PMCID: PMC10870131 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2023.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have uncovered susceptibility loci associated with psychiatric disorders such as bipolar disorder (BP) and schizophrenia (SCZ). However, most of these loci are in non-coding regions of the genome, and the causal mechanisms of the link between genetic variation and disease risk is unknown. Expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) analysis of bulk tissue is a common approach used for deciphering underlying mechanisms, although this can obscure cell-type-specific signals and thus mask trait-relevant mechanisms. Although single-cell sequencing can be prohibitively expensive in large cohorts, computationally inferred cell-type proportions and cell-type gene expression estimates have the potential to overcome these problems and advance mechanistic studies. Using bulk RNA-seq from 1,730 samples derived from whole blood in a cohort ascertained from individuals with BP and SCZ, this study estimated cell-type proportions and their relation with disease status and medication. For each cell type, we found between 2,875 and 4,629 eGenes (genes with an associated eQTL), including 1,211 that are not found on the basis of bulk expression alone. We performed a colocalization test between cell-type eQTLs and various traits and identified hundreds of associations that occur between cell-type eQTLs and GWASs but that are not detected in bulk eQTLs. Finally, we investigated the effects of lithium use on the regulation of cell-type expression loci and found examples of genes that are differentially regulated according to lithium use. Our study suggests that applying computational methods to large bulk RNA-seq datasets of non-brain tissue can identify disease-relevant, cell-type-specific biology of psychiatric disorders and psychiatric medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni Boltz
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Tommer Schwarz
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Merel Bot
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kangcheng Hou
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christa Caggiano
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sandra Lapinska
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chenda Duan
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marco P Boks
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Rene S Kahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, NY, USA
| | - Noah Zaitlen
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bogdan Pasaniuc
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Roel Ophoff
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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3
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Chen Y, Whitefield B, Nevius E, Hill M, DelRosario J, Sinitsyna N, Shanmugasundaram V, Mukherjee D, Shi L, Mayne CG, Rousseau AM, Bernard SM, Buenviaje J, Khambatta G, El Samin M, Wallace M, Nie Z, Sivakumar P, Hamann LG, McDonnell DP, D'Agostino LA. Identification of Small Molecule Inhibitors and Ligand Directed Degraders of Calcium/Calmodulin Dependent Protein Kinase Kinase 1 and 2 (CaMKK1/2). J Med Chem 2023; 66:15750-15760. [PMID: 38009718 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
CaMKK2 signals through AMPK-dependent and AMPK-independent pathways to trigger cellular outputs including proliferation, differentiation, and migration, resulting in changes to metabolism, bone mass accrual, neuronal function, hematopoiesis, and immunity. CAMKK2 is upregulated in tumors including hepatocellular carcinoma, prostate, breast, and gastric cancer, and genetic deletion in myeloid cells results in increased antitumor immunity in several syngeneic models. Validation of the biological roles of CaMKK2 has relied on genetic deletion or small molecule inhibitors with activity against several biological targets. We sought to generate selective inhibitors and degraders to understand the biological impact of inhibiting catalytic activity and scaffolding and the potential therapeutic benefits of targeting CaMKK2. We report herein selective, ligand-efficient inhibitors and ligand-directed degraders of CaMKK2 that were used to probe immune and tumor intrinsic biology. These molecules provide two distinct strategies for ablating CaMKK2 signaling in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Chen
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 10300 Campus Point Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Brandon Whitefield
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 10300 Campus Point Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Erin Nevius
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 424 Dexter Ave. N. Seattle, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Mark Hill
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 424 Dexter Ave. N. Seattle, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Joselyn DelRosario
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 10300 Campus Point Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Nadia Sinitsyna
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 10300 Campus Point Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | | | - Debarati Mukherjee
- Dept of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Lihong Shi
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 10300 Campus Point Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | | | - Anne-Marie Rousseau
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 424 Dexter Ave. N. Seattle, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Steffen M Bernard
- Celgene, 10300 Campus Point Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Jennifer Buenviaje
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 10300 Campus Point Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Gody Khambatta
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 10300 Campus Point Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Miriam El Samin
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 200 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Michael Wallace
- Celgene, 10300 Campus Point Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Zhe Nie
- Celgene, 10300 Campus Point Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Pallavur Sivakumar
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 424 Dexter Ave. N. Seattle, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Lawrence G Hamann
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 200 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Donald P McDonnell
- Dept of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
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4
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Zhang H, Dong X, Ding X, Liu G, Yang F, Song Q, Sun H, Chen G, Li S, Li Y, Wang M, Guo T, Zhang Z, Li B, Yang L. Bufalin targeting CAMKK2 inhibits the occurrence and development of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma through Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway. J Transl Med 2023; 21:900. [PMID: 38082327 PMCID: PMC10714474 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04613-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) accounts for about 15% of primary liver cancer, and the incidence rate has been rising in recent years. Surgical resection is the best treatment for ICC, but the 5-year survival rate is less than 30%. ICC signature genes are crucial for the early diagnosis of ICC, so it is especially important to find its signature genes and therapeutic drug. Here, we studied that bufalin targeting CAMKK2 promotes mitochondrial dysfunction and inhibits the occurrence and metastasis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma through Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway. METHODS IC50 of bufalin in ICC cells was determined by CCK8 and invasive and migratory abilities were verified by wound healing, cell cloning, transwell and Western blot. IF and IHC verified the expression of CAMKK2 between ICC patients and normal subjects. BLI and pull-down demonstrated the binding ability of bufalin and CAMKK2. Bioinformatics predicted whether CAMKK2 was related to the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. SKL2001, an activator of β-catenin, verified whether bufalin acted through this pathway. In vitro and in vivo experiments verified whether overexpression of CAMKK2 affects the proliferative and migratory effects of ICC. Transmission electron microscopy verified mitochondrial integrity. Associated Ca2+ levels verified the biological effects of ANXA2 on ICC. RESULTS It was found that bufalin inhibited the proliferation and migration of ICC, and CAMKK2 was highly expressed in ICC, and its high expression was positively correlated with poor prognosis.CAMKK2 is a direct target of bufalin, and is associated with the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which was dose-dependently decreased after bufalin treatment. In vitro and in vivo experiments verified that CAMKK2 overexpression promoted ICC proliferation and migration, and bufalin reversed this effect. CAMKK2 was associated with Ca2+, and changes in Ca2+ content induced changes in the protein content of ANXA2, which was dose-dependently decreasing in cytoplasmic ANXA2 and dose-dependently increasing in mitochondrial ANXA2 after bufalin treatment. In CAMKK2 overexpressing cells, ANXA2 was knocked down, and we found that reversal of CAMKK2 overexpression-induced enhancement of ICC proliferation and migration after siANXA2. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that bufalin targeting CAMKK2 promotes mitochondrial dysfunction and inhibits the proliferation and migration of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma through Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway. Thus, bufalin, as a drug, may also be used for cancer therapy in ICC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huhu Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xiaolei Dong
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ding
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Guoxiang Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Weifang People's Hospital, 151, Guangwen Street, Weifang, 261041, China
| | - Fanghao Yang
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Qinghang Song
- Health Science Center, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Hongxiao Sun
- Heart Center, Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao University, 6, Tongfu Road, Qingdao, 266034, China
| | - Guang Chen
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Ya Li
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Mengjun Wang
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Tingting Guo
- Health Science Center, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Lina Yang
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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5
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Amantini C, Morelli MB. Editorial: Calcium signaling in cancer immunity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1315490. [PMID: 38022525 PMCID: PMC10643154 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1315490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Consuelo Amantini
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Maria Beatrice Morelli
- School of Pharmacy, Experimental Medicine Section, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
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6
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Salcedo MV, Gravel N, Keshavarzi A, Huang LC, Kochut KJ, Kannan N. Predicting protein and pathway associations for understudied dark kinases using pattern-constrained knowledge graph embedding. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15815. [PMID: 37868056 PMCID: PMC10590106 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The 534 protein kinases encoded in the human genome constitute a large druggable class of proteins that include both well-studied and understudied "dark" members. Accurate prediction of dark kinase functions is a major bioinformatics challenge. Here, we employ a graph mining approach that uses the evolutionary and functional context encoded in knowledge graphs (KGs) to predict protein and pathway associations for understudied kinases. We propose a new scalable graph embedding approach, RegPattern2Vec, which employs regular pattern constrained random walks to sample diverse aspects of node context within a KG flexibly. RegPattern2Vec learns functional representations of kinases, interacting partners, post-translational modifications, pathways, cellular localization, and chemical interactions from a kinase-centric KG that integrates and conceptualizes data from curated heterogeneous data resources. By contextualizing information relevant to prediction, RegPattern2Vec improves accuracy and efficiency in comparison to other random walk-based graph embedding approaches. We show that the predictions produced by our model overlap with pathway enrichment data produced using experimentally validated Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) data from both publicly available databases and experimental datasets not used in training. Our model also has the advantage of using the collected random walks as biological context to interpret the predicted protein-pathway associations. We provide high-confidence pathway predictions for 34 dark kinases and present three case studies in which analysis of meta-paths associated with the prediction enables biological interpretation. Overall, RegPattern2Vec efficiently samples multiple node types for link prediction on biological knowledge graphs and the predicted associations between understudied kinases, pseudokinases, and known pathways serve as a conceptual starting point for hypothesis generation and testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariah V. Salcedo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Nathan Gravel
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Abbas Keshavarzi
- School of Computing, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Liang-Chin Huang
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Krzysztof J. Kochut
- School of Computing, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Natarajan Kannan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
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7
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Suchitha GP, Balaya RDA, Raju R, Keshava Prasad TS, Dagamajalu S. A network map of cytoskeleton-associated protein 4 (CKAP4) mediated signaling pathway in cancer. J Cell Commun Signal 2023; 17:1097-1104. [PMID: 36944905 PMCID: PMC10409693 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-023-00739-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytoskeleton-associated protein 4 (CKAP4) is a non-glycosylated type II transmembrane protein that serves as a cell surface-activated receptor. It is expressed primarily in the plasma membranes of bladder epithelial cells, type II alveolar pneumocytes, and vascular smooth muscle cells. CKAP4 is involved in various biological activities including cell proliferation, cell migration, keratinocyte differentiation, glycogenesis, fibrosis, thymic development, cardiogenesis, neuronal apoptosis, and cancer. CKAP4 has been described as a pro-tumor molecule that regulates the progression of various cancers, including lung cancer, breast cancer, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, cervical cancer, oral cancer, bladder cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, pancreatic cancer, myeloma, renal cell carcinoma, melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma, colorectal cancer, and osteosarcoma. CKAP4 and its isoform bind to DKK1 or DKK3 (Dickkopf proteins) or antiproliferative factor (APF) and regulates several downstream signaling cascades. The CKAP4 complex plays a crucial role in regulating the signaling pathways including PI3K/AKT and MAPK1/3. Recently, CKAP4 has been recognized as a potential target for cancer therapy. Due to its biomedical importance, we integrated a network map of CKAP4. The available literature on CKAP4 signaling was manually curated according to the NetPath annotation criteria. The consolidated pathway map comprises 41 activation/inhibition events, 21 catalysis events, 35 molecular associations, 134 gene regulation events, 83 types of protein expression, and six protein translocation events. CKAP4 signaling pathway map data is freely accessible through the WikiPathways Database ( https://www.wikipathways.org/index.php/Pathway:WP5322 ). Generation of CKAP4 signaling pathway map.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. P. Suchitha
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), Mangalore, Karnataka 575018 India
| | | | - Rajesh Raju
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), Mangalore, Karnataka 575018 India
- Centre for Integrative Omics Data Science, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), Mangalore, Karnataka 575018 India
| | - T. S. Keshava Prasad
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), Mangalore, Karnataka 575018 India
| | - Shobha Dagamajalu
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), Mangalore, Karnataka 575018 India
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8
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Sanjeev D, Dagamajalu S, Shaji V, George M, Subbannayya Y, Prasad TSK, Raju R, Devasahayam Arokia Balaya R. A network map of macrophage-stimulating protein (MSP) signaling. J Cell Commun Signal 2023; 17:1113-1120. [PMID: 37142846 PMCID: PMC10409925 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-023-00755-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophage-stimulating protein (MSP), a serum-derived growth factor belonging to the plasminogen-related kringle domain family, is mainly produced by the liver and released into the blood. MSP is the only known ligand for RON ("Recepteur d'Origine Nantais", also known as MST1R), which is a member of the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family. MSP is associated with many pathological conditions, including cancer, inflammation, and fibrosis. Activation of the MSP/RON system regulates main downstream signaling pathways, including phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/ AKT serine/threonine kinase/ (PI3-K/AKT), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) & Focal adhesion kinase (FAK). These pathways are mainly involved in cell proliferation, survival, migration, invasion, angiogenesis & chemoresistance. In this work, we created a pathway resource of signaling events mediated by MSP/RON considering its contribution to diseases. We provide an integrated pathway reaction map of MSP/RON that is composed of 113 proteins and 26 reactions based on the curation of data from the published literature. The consolidated pathway map of MSP/RON mediated signaling events contains seven molecular associations, 44 enzyme catalysis, 24 activation/inhibition, six translocation events, 38 gene regulation events, and forty-two protein expression events. The MSP/RON signaling pathway map can be freely accessible through the WikiPathways Database URL: https://classic.wikipathways.org/index.php/Pathway:WP5353 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Diya Sanjeev
- Centre for Integrative OmicsData Science (CIODS), Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Derlakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka 575018 India
| | - Shobha Dagamajalu
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka 575018 India
| | - Vineetha Shaji
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka 575018 India
| | - Mejo George
- Centre for Integrative OmicsData Science (CIODS), Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Derlakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka 575018 India
| | - Yashwanth Subbannayya
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH UK
| | - T. S. Keshava Prasad
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka 575018 India
| | - Rajesh Raju
- Centre for Integrative OmicsData Science (CIODS), Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Derlakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka 575018 India
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka 575018 India
| | - Rex Devasahayam Arokia Balaya
- Centre for Integrative OmicsData Science (CIODS), Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Derlakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka 575018 India
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Li C, Hao J, Qiu H, Xin H. CaMKK2 alleviates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation via the action on the AMPK-AKT-GSK-3β/Nrf2 signaling cascade. Inflamm Res 2023:10.1007/s00011-023-01756-6. [PMID: 37338678 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01756-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CaMKK2) can regulate numerous biological processes and is implicated in diverse pathological processes. Yet its role in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury remains unknown. This project explored the possible functions and mechanisms of CaMKK2 in MI/R injury. METHODS A rat model of MI/R in vivo was established using the left anterior descending coronary artery ligation method. Rat cardiomyocytes were exposed to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) in vitro to establish a cell model. Overexpression of CaMKK2 was achieved by infecting recombinant adeno-associated virus or adenovirus expressing CaMKK2. Real-time quantitative PCR, immunoblotting, TTC staining, TUNEL assay, ELISA, oxidative stress detection assays, flow cytometry, and CCK-8 assay were carried out. RESULTS A decline in CaMKK2 levels was induced by MI/R in vivo or H/R in vitro. Up-modulation of CaMKK2 in rats ameliorated the cardiac injury evoked by MI/R injury accompanied by suppression of cardiac apoptosis, oxidative stress, and proinflammatory response. Rat cardiomyocytes with CaMKK2 overexpression were also protected from H/R damage by inhibiting apoptosis, oxidative stress, and proinflammatory response. CaMKK2 overexpression led to increased phosphorylation of AMPK, AKT, and GSK-3β, and enhanced activation of Nrf2 under MI/R or H/R conditions. Inhibition of AMPK abolished CaMKK2-mediated Nrf2 activation and relevant cardioprotective effect. Restraint of Nrf2 also diminished CaMKK2-mediated relevant cardioprotective effect. CONCLUSIONS Up-regulation of CaMKK2 provides a therapeutic benefit in the rat model of MI/R injury by boosting the Nrf2 pathway through regulation of AMPK/AKT/GSK-3β, which suggests CaMKK2 as a new molecular target for the treatment of MI/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengliang Li
- Department of General Practice, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Jiajia Hao
- Department of General Practice, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Huichang Qiu
- Department of General Practice, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Hong Xin
- Healthcare Simulation Center, Department of Research, Education and Information, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, No.1 Panfu Road, Guangzhou, 510180, China.
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Devasahayam Arokia Balaya R, Chandrasekaran J, Kanekar S, Kumar Modi P, Dagamajalu S, Gopinathan K, Raju R, Prasad TSK. Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CAMKK2) inhibitors: a novel approach in small molecule discovery. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:15196-15206. [PMID: 37029757 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2193999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
The calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CAMKK2) plays a key role in regulation of intracellular calcium levels and signaling pathways. It is involved in activation of downstream signaling pathways that regulate various cellular processes. Dysregulation of CAMKK2 activity has been linked to various diseases including cancer, suggesting that CAMKK2 inhibitors might be beneficial in oncological, metabolic and inflammatory indications. The most pressing issues in small molecule discovery are synthesis feasibility, novel chemical structure and desired biological characteristics. To circumvent this constraint, we employed 'DrugspaceX' for rapid lead identification, followed by repositioning seven FDA-approved drugs for CAMKK2 inhibition. Further, first-level transformation (Set1 analogues) was performed in 'DrugspaceX', followed by virtual screening. The t-SNE visualization revealed that the transformations surrounding Rucaparib, Treprostinil and Canagliflozin are more promising for developing CAMKK2 inhibitors. Second, using the top-ranked Set1 analogues, Set2 analogues were generated, and virtual screening revealed the top-ranked five analogues. Among the top five Set2 analogues, DE273038_5 had the lowest docking score of -11.034 kcal/mol and SA score of 2.59, retaining the essential interactions with Hotspot residues LYS194 and VAL270 across 250 ns simulation period. When compared to the other four compounds, the ligand effectiveness score was 0.409, and the number of rotatable penalties was only three. Further, DE273038_5 after two rounds of transformations was discovered to be novel and had not been previously described in other databases. These data suggest that the new candidate DE273038_5 is likely to have inhibitory activity at the CAMKK2 active site, implying potential therapeutic use.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaikanth Chandrasekaran
- Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Pharmacy, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher education and Research (Deemed to be University), Chennai, India
| | - Saptami Kanekar
- Centre for Integrative Omics Data Science, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Prashant Kumar Modi
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Shobha Dagamajalu
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Kirthika Gopinathan
- Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Pharmacy, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher education and Research (Deemed to be University), Chennai, India
| | - Rajesh Raju
- Centre for Integrative Omics Data Science, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - T S Keshava Prasad
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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11
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Gu C, Kong F, Zeng J, Geng X, Sun Y, Chen X. Remote ischemic preconditioning protects against spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice by activating NMDAR/AMPK/PGC-1α/SIRT3 signaling. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:57. [PMID: 36927808 PMCID: PMC10018930 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-00999-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To study the protective effects of delayed remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) against spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury (SCIRI) in mice and determine whether SIRT3 is involved in this protection and portrayed its upstream regulatory mechanisms. METHODS In vivo, WT or SIRT3 global knockout (KO) mice were exposed to right upper and lower limbs RIPC or sham ischemia. After 24 h, the abdominal aorta was clamped for 20 min, then re-perfused for 3 days. The motor function of mice, number of Nissl bodies, apoptotic rate of neurons, and related indexes of oxidative stress in the spinal cord were measured to evaluate for neuroprotective effects. The expression and correlation of SIRT3 and NMDAR were detected by WB and immunofluorescence. In vitro, primary neurons were exacted and OGD/R was performed to simulate SCIRI in vivo. Neuronal damage was assessed by observing neuron morphology, detecting LDH release ratio, and flow cytometry to analyze the apoptosis. MnSOD and CAT enzyme activities, GSH and ROS level were also measured to assess neuronal antioxidant capacity. NMDAR-AMPK-PGC-1α signaling was detected by WB to portray upstream regulatory mechanisms of RIPC regulating SIRT3. RESULTS Compared to the SCIRI mice without RIPC, mice with RIPC displayed improved motor function recovery, a reduced neuronal loss, and enhanced antioxidant capacity. To the contrary, the KO mice did not exhibit any effect of RIPC-induced neuroprotection. Similar results were observed in vitro. Further analyses with spinal cord tissues or primary neurons detected enhanced MnSOD and CAT activities, as well as increased GSH level but decreased MDA or ROS production in the RIPC + I/R mice or NMDA + OGD/R neurons. However, these changes were completely inhibited by the absence of SIRT3. Additionally, NMDAR-AMPK-PGC-1α signaling was activated to upregulate SIRT3 levels, which is essential for RIPC-mediated neuroprotection. CONCLUSIONS RIPC enhances spinal cord ischemia tolerance in a SIRT3-dependent manner, and its induced elevated SIRT3 levels are mediated by the NMDAR-AMPK-PGC-1α signaling pathway. Combined therapy targeting SIRT3 is a promising direction for treating SCIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjiang Gu
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200003, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanqi Kong
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200003, People's Republic of China
| | - Junkai Zeng
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangwu Geng
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanqing Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 85 Wujin Road, 200080, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Xiongsheng Chen
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200003, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 85 Wujin Road, 200080, Shanghai, PR China.
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12
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Mendoza-Viveros L, Marmolejo-Gutierrez C, Cid-Castro C, Escalante-Covarrubias Q, Montellier E, Carreño-Vázquez E, Noriega LG, Velázquez-Villegas LA, Tovar AR, Sassone-Corsi P, Aguilar-Arnal L, Orozco-Solis R. Astrocytic circadian clock control of energy expenditure by transcriptional stress responses in the ventromedial hypothalamus. Glia 2023; 71:1626-1647. [PMID: 36919670 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Hypothalamic circuits compute systemic information to control metabolism. Astrocytes residing within the hypothalamus directly sense nutrients and hormones, integrating metabolic information, and modulating neuronal responses. Nevertheless, the role of the astrocytic circadian clock on the control of energy balance remains unclear. We used mice with a targeted ablation of the core-clock gene Bmal1 within Gfap-expressing astrocytes to gain insight on the role played by this transcription factor in astrocytes. While this mutation does not substantially affect the phenotype in mice fed normo-caloric diet, under high-fat diet we unmasked a thermogenic phenotype consisting of increased energy expenditure, and catabolism in brown adipose and overall metabolic improvement consisting of better glycemia control, and body composition. Transcriptomic analysis in the ventromedial hypothalamus revealed an enhanced response to moderate cellular stress, including ER-stress response, unfolded protein response and autophagy. We identified Xbp1 and Atf1 as two key transcription factors enhancing cellular stress responses. Therefore, we unveiled a previously unknown role of the astrocytic circadian clock modulating energy balance through the regulation of cellular stress responses within the VMH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Mendoza-Viveros
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), México City, Mexico
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México UNAM, México City, Mexico
- Centro de Investigación sobre el Envejecimiento, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CIE-CINVESTAV), México City, México
| | | | - Carolina Cid-Castro
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), México City, Mexico
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México UNAM, México City, Mexico
- Centro de Investigación sobre el Envejecimiento, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CIE-CINVESTAV), México City, México
| | | | | | | | - Lilia G Noriega
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Armando R Tovar
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Lorena Aguilar-Arnal
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México UNAM, México City, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Orozco-Solis
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), México City, Mexico
- Centro de Investigación sobre el Envejecimiento, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CIE-CINVESTAV), México City, México
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13
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Ma S, Xu J, Zheng Y, Li Y, Wang Y, Li H, Fang Z, Li J. Qian Yang Yu Yin granule improves hypertensive renal damage: A potential role for TRPC6-CaMKKβ-AMPK-mTOR-mediated autophagy. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 302:115878. [PMID: 36341814 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Qian Yang Yu Yin granules (QYYYG) have a long history in the treatment of hypertensive renal damage (HRD) in China. Clinical studies have found that QYYYG stabilizes blood pressure and prevents early renal damage. However, the exact mechanism is not entirely clear. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the therapeutic effect and further explore the therapeutic mechanism of QYYYG against HRD. MATERIALS AND METHODS The efficacy of QYYYG in treating HRD was assessed in spontaneous hypertension rats (SHR). Renal autophagy and the TRPC6-CaMKKβ-AMPK pathway in rats were evaluated. The regulatory role of QYYYG in angiotensin II (Ang II) induced abnormal autophagy in rat podocytes was determined by detecting autophagy-related proteins, intracellular Ca2+ content, and the TRPC6-CaMKKβ-AMPK-mTOR pathway expressions. Finally, we established a stable rat podocyte cell line overexpressing TRPC6 and used the cells to verify the regulatory effects of QYYYG. RESULTS QYYYG alleviated HRD and reversed the abnormal expression of autophagy-related genes in the SHR. In vitro, QYYYG protected against Ang II-induced podocyte damage. Furthermore, treatment of podocytes with QYYYG reversed Ang II-induced autophagy and inhibited Ang II-stimulated TRPC6 activation, Ca2+ influx and activation CaMKKβ-AMPK pathway. Overexpression of TRPC6 resulted in pronounced activation of CaMKKβ, AMPK, and autophagy induction in rat podocytes, which were significantly attenuated by QYYYG. CONCLUSIONS The present study suggested that QYYYG may exert its HRD protective effects in part by regulating the abnormal autophagy of podocytes through the TRPC6-CaMKKβ-AMPK-mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Ma
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Junyao Xu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yawei Zheng
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yin Li
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yixuan Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Haitao Li
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Zhuyuan Fang
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jie Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
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14
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Wells C, Liang Y, Pulliam TL, Lin C, Awad D, Eduful B, O’Byrne S, Hossain MA, Catta-Preta CMC, Ramos PZ, Gileadi O, Gileadi C, Couñago RM, Stork B, Langendorf CG, Nay K, Oakhill JS, Mukherjee D, Racioppi L, Means AR, York B, McDonnell DP, Scott JW, Frigo DE, Drewry DH. SGC-CAMKK2-1: A Chemical Probe for CAMKK2. Cells 2023; 12:287. [PMID: 36672221 PMCID: PMC9856672 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The serine/threonine protein kinase calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CAMKK2) plays critical roles in a range of biological processes. Despite its importance, only a handful of inhibitors of CAMKK2 have been disclosed. Having a selective small molecule tool to interrogate this kinase will help demonstrate that CAMKK2 inhibition can be therapeutically beneficial. Herein, we disclose SGC-CAMKK2-1, a selective chemical probe that targets CAMKK2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrow Wells
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Yi Liang
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Thomas L. Pulliam
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Chenchu Lin
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Dominik Awad
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Benjamin Eduful
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Sean O’Byrne
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Mohammad Anwar Hossain
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Carolina Moura Costa Catta-Preta
- Centro de Química Medicinal (CQMED), Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética (CBMEG), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-886, Brazil
| | - Priscila Zonzini Ramos
- Centro de Química Medicinal (CQMED), Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética (CBMEG), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-886, Brazil
| | - Opher Gileadi
- Centro de Química Medicinal (CQMED), Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética (CBMEG), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-886, Brazil
| | - Carina Gileadi
- Centro de Química Medicinal (CQMED), Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética (CBMEG), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-886, Brazil
| | - Rafael M. Couñago
- Centro de Química Medicinal (CQMED), Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética (CBMEG), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-886, Brazil
| | - Brittany Stork
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Kevin Nay
- St Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | | | - Debarati Mukherjee
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Luigi Racioppi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematological Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Anthony R. Means
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Brian York
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Donald P. McDonnell
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - John W. Scott
- St Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Daniel E. Frigo
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - David H. Drewry
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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15
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Liu N, Fan Y, Li Y, Zhang Y, Li J, Wang Y, Wang Z, Liu Y, Li Y, Kang Z, Peng Y, Ru Z, Yang M, Feng C, Wang Y, Yang X. OL-FS13 Alleviates Cerebral Ischemia-reperfusion Injury by Inhibiting miR-21-3p Expression. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:2550-2562. [PMID: 37132110 PMCID: PMC10616927 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230502111013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND OL-FS13, a neuroprotective peptide derived from Odorrana livida, can alleviate cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (CI/R) injury, although the specific underlying mechanism remains to be further explored. OBJECTIVE The effect of miR-21-3p on the neural-protective effects of OL-FS13 was examined. METHODS In this study, the multiple genome sequencing analysis, double luciferase experiment, RT-qPCR, and Western blotting were used to explore the mechanism of OL-FS13. RESULTS Showed that over-expression of miR-21-3p against the protective effects of OL-FS13 on oxygen- glucose deprivation/re-oxygenation (OGD/R)-damaged pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells and in CI/R-injured rats. miR-21-3p was then found to target calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase 2 (CAMKK2), and its overexpression inhibited the expression of CAMKK2 and phosphorylation of its downstream adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK), thereby inhibiting the therapeutic effects of OL-FS13 on OGD/R and CI/R. Inhibition of CAMKK2 also antagonized up-regulated of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) by OL-FS13, thereby abolishing the antioxidant activity of the peptide. CONCLUSION Our results showed that OL-FS13 alleviated OGD/R and CI/R by inhibiting miR-21-3p to activate the CAMKK2/AMPK/Nrf-2 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naixin Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Yan Fan
- Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Yilin Li
- Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Yingxuan Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Jiayi Li
- Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Yinglei Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Yixiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources & Key Laboratory of Natural Products Synthetic Biology of Ethnic Medicinal Endophytes, School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, Kunming, Yunnan, 650504, China
| | - Yuansheng Li
- Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Zijian Kang
- Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Ying Peng
- Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Zeqiong Ru
- Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Meifeng Yang
- Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Chengan Feng
- Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources & Key Laboratory of Natural Products Synthetic Biology of Ethnic Medicinal Endophytes, School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, Kunming, Yunnan, 650504, China
| | - Xinwang Yang
- Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
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16
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Zhang X, Zai L, Tao Z, Wu D, Lin M, Wan J. miR-145-5p affects autophagy by targeting CaMKIIδ in atherosclerosis. Int J Cardiol 2022; 360:68-75. [PMID: 35597494 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2022.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic progressive inflammatory disease involving many cells. miR-145-5p mediates the biological phenotypes of human aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (HAVSMCs) and influences the progression of AS, but the potential mechanism needs further study. METHODS Total RNA was extracted from patient plasma and arteries to determine the expression of miR-145-5p. The CaMKIIδ pathway and genes were predicted as the target of miR-145-5p by bioinformatics approaches. The interaction between miR-145-5p and CaMKIIδ was confirmed by RT-qPCR and Dual Luciferase Reporter Assay System. Western blot analysis, immunofluorescence staining, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and protein tracing on HAVSMCs transduced with mCherry-GFP-LC3 lentiviral vectors to determine the mechanism by which miR-145-5p affects the atherosclerotic disease process. RESULTS The expression of miR-145-5p was downregulated in blood and arteries specimens of patients with coronary stenosis. Correspondingly, CaMKIIδ was upregulated and miR-145-5p was downregulated in hypoxic HAVSMCs. CaMKIIδ was predicted and confirmed as a downstream target of miR-145-5p. In addition, CaMKIIδ induced the upregulation of autophagy-related proteins by activating the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 signalling pathway. Moreover, we confirmed that miR-145-5p inhibits CaMKIIδ expression by binding to a specific sequence in the CaMKIIδ 3' UTR and affects autophagy. Crucially, CaMKIIδ was promoted by the downregulation of miR-145-5p and then activating autophagy in HAVSMCs through the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 signalling pathway to affect the AS progress. CONCLUSIONS miR-145-5p regulates CaMKIIδ, leading to altered autophagy in HAVSMCs. This alteration plays an important role in AS progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Zhang
- Wuhan University, No. 185 Donghu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, PR China
| | - Ling Zai
- Wuhan Medical Emergency Center, No. 288 Machang Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430024, PR China
| | - Ziqi Tao
- Wuhan University, No. 185 Donghu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, PR China
| | - Daiqian Wu
- Wuhan University, No. 185 Donghu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, PR China
| | - Mingying Lin
- Hainan General Hospital of Hainan Medical University, No. 19 Xiuhua Road, Haikou, Hainan, PR China.
| | - Jing Wan
- Wuhan University Zhongnan Hospital, No. 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China.
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17
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Najar MA, Arefian M, Sidransky D, Gowda H, Prasad TSK, Modi PK, Chatterjee A. Tyrosine Phosphorylation Profiling Revealed the Signaling Network Characteristics of CAMKK2 in Gastric Adenocarcinoma. Front Genet 2022; 13:854764. [PMID: 35646067 PMCID: PMC9136244 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.854764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CAMKK2) is a serine/threonine protein kinase which functions via the calcium-triggered signaling cascade with CAMK1, CAMK4, and AMPKα as the immediate downstream substrates. CAMKK2 is reported to be overexpressed in gastric cancer; however, its signaling mechanism is poorly understood. We carried out label-free quantitative tyrosine phosphoproteomics to investigate tyrosine-mediated molecular signaling associated with CAMKK2 in gastric cancer cells. Using a high-resolution Orbitrap Fusion Tribrid Fourier-transform mass spectrometer, we identified 350 phosphotyrosine sites mapping to 157 proteins. We observed significant alterations in 81 phosphopeptides corresponding to 63 proteins upon inhibition of CAMKK2, among which 16 peptides were hyperphosphorylated corresponding to 13 proteins and 65 peptides were hypophosphorylated corresponding to 51 proteins. We report here that the inhibition of CAMKK2 leads to changes in the phosphorylation of several tyrosine kinases such as PKP2, PTK2, EPHA1, EPHA2, PRKCD, MAPK12, among others. Pathway analyses revealed that proteins are differentially phosphorylated in response to CAMKK2 inhibition involved in focal adhesions, actin cytoskeleton, axon guidance, and signaling by VEGF. The western blot analysis upon inhibition and/or silencing of CAMKK2 revealed a decrease in phosphorylation of PTK2 at Y925, c-JUN at S73, and STAT3 at Y705, which was in concordance with the mass spectrometry data. The study indicates that inhibition of CAMKK2 has an anti-oncogenic effect in gastric cells regulating phosphorylation of STAT3 through PTK2/c-JUN in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd. Altaf Najar
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Mohammad Arefian
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - David Sidransky
- Department of Oncology and Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Harsha Gowda
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - T. S. Keshava Prasad
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Prashant Kumar Modi
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
- *Correspondence: Prashant Kumar Modi, ; Aditi Chatterjee,
| | - Aditi Chatterjee
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
- *Correspondence: Prashant Kumar Modi, ; Aditi Chatterjee,
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Abstract
In 2011, CAMKK2, the gene encoding calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase kinase 2 (CAMKK2), was demonstrated to be a direct target of the androgen receptor and a driver of prostate cancer progression. Results from multiple independent studies have confirmed these findings and demonstrated the potential role of CAMKK2 as a clinical biomarker and therapeutic target in advanced prostate cancer using a variety of preclinical models. Drug development efforts targeting CAMKK2 have begun accordingly. CAMKK2 regulation can vary across disease stages, which might have important implications in the use of CAMKK2 as a biomarker. Moreover, new non-cell-autonomous roles for CAMKK2 that could affect tumorigenesis, metastasis and possible comorbidities linked to disease and treatment have emerged and could present novel treatment opportunities for prostate cancer.
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Wu F, Hill K, Fang Q, He Z, Zheng H, Wang X, Xiong H, Sha SH. Traumatic-noise-induced hair cell death and hearing loss is mediated by activation of CaMKKβ. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:249. [PMID: 35438341 PMCID: PMC9844253 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04268-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinases (CaMKKs) are serine/threonine-directed protein kinases that are activated following increases in intracellular calcium, playing a critical role in neuronal signaling. Inner-ear-trauma-induced calcium overload in sensory hair cells has been well documented in the pathogenesis of traumatic noise-induced hair cell death and hearing loss, but there are no established pharmaceutical therapies available due to a lack of specific therapeutic targets. In this study, we investigated the activation of CaMKKβ in the inner ear after traumatic noise exposure and assessed the prevention of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) with RNA silencing. RESULTS Treatment with short hairpin RNA of CaMKKβ (shCaMKKβ) via adeno-associated virus transduction significantly knocked down CaMKKβ expression in the inner ear. Knockdown of CaMKKβ significantly attenuated noise-induced hair cell loss and hearing loss (NIHL). Additionally, pretreatment with naked CaMKKβ small interfering RNA (siCaMKKβ) attenuated noise-induced losses of inner hair cell synapses and OHCs and NIHL. Furthermore, traumatic noise exposure activates CaMKKβ in OHCs as demonstrated by immunolabeling for p-CaMKI. CaMKKβ mRNA assessed by fluorescence in-situ hybridization and immunolabeling for CaMKKβ in OHCs also increased after the exposure. Finally, pretreatment with siCaMKKβ diminished noise-induced activation of AMPKα in OHCs. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that traumatic-noise-induced OHC loss and hearing loss occur primarily via activation of CaMKKβ. Targeting CaMKKβ is a key strategy for prevention of noise-induced hearing loss. Furthermore, our data suggest that noise-induced activation of AMPKα in OHCs occurs via the CaMKKβ pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kayla Hill
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Qiaojun Fang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.,School of Life Sciences and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Zuhong He
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Hongwei Zheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Xianren Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Hao Xiong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Su-Hua Sha
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.,Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Su-Hua Sha • Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine • Medical University of South Carolina • Walton Research Building, Room 403-E • 39 Sabin Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA. Telephone: 843-792-8324; Fax: 843-792-0368;
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20
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CaMKK2 Promotes the Progression of Ovarian Carcinoma through the PI3K/PDK1/Akt Axis. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:7187940. [PMID: 35309839 PMCID: PMC8933102 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7187940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective. To explore the functional role of Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CaMKK2) in the progression of ovarian carcinoma (OC). Methods. RT-qPCR analysis and western blot were conducted to detect the mRNA and protein expression of CaMKK2, PI3K, PDK1 and Akt in OC tissues and cells, respectively. CCK-8 assay, transwell migration assay and flow cytometry were used to measure cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis, respectively. Results. CaMKK2, PI3K, PDK1 and Akt were highly expressed in OC tissues compared with the corresponding controls. CaMKK2 knockdown significantly suppressed the mRNA and protein expression of PI3K, PDK1 and Akt in HO8910 and OV90 cells. Moreover, CaMKK2 knockdown could dramatically repress cell proliferation, migration, and markedly elevate cell apoptosis in HO8910 and OV90 cells. Conclusions. CaMKK2 played a promotion role in OC progression via activating the PI3K/PDK1/Akt axis.
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Ferdowsi PV, Ahuja KDK, Beckett JM, Myers S. Capsaicin and Zinc Promote Glucose Uptake in C2C12 Skeletal Muscle Cells through a Common Calcium Signalling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042207. [PMID: 35216322 PMCID: PMC8879034 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Capsaicin and zinc have recently been highlighted as potential treatments for glucose metabolism disorders; however, the effect of these two natural compounds on signalling pathways involved in glucose metabolism is still uncertain. In this study, we assessed the capsaicin- or zinc- induced activation of signalling molecules including calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase 2 (CAMKK2), cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB), and target of rapamycin kinase complex 1 (TORC1). Moreover, the expression status of genes associated with the control of glucose metabolism was measured in treated cells. The activation of cell signalling proteins was then evaluated in capsaicin- or zinc treated cells in the presence or absence of cell-permeant calcium chelator (BAPTA-AM) and the CAMKK inhibitor (STO-609). Finally, capsaicin- and zinc-induced glucose uptake was measured in the cells pre-treated with or without BAPTA-AM. Our results indicate that calcium flux induced by capsaicin or zinc led to activation of calcium signalling molecules and promoting glucose uptake in skeletal muscle cells. Pharmacological inhibition of CAMKK diminished activation of signalling molecules. Moreover, we observed an increase in intracellular cAMP levels in the cells after treatment with capsaicin and zinc. Our data show that capsaicin and zinc mediate glucose uptake in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells through the activation of calcium signalling.
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22
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Najar MA, Aravind A, Dagamajalu S, Sidransky D, Ashktorab H, Smoot DT, Gowda H, Prasad TSK, Modi PK, Chatterjee A. Hyperactivation of MEK/ERK pathway by Ca 2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 promotes cellular proliferation by activating cyclin-dependent kinases and minichromosome maintenance protein in gastric cancer cells. Mol Carcinog 2021; 60:769-783. [PMID: 34437731 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Although CAMKK2 is overexpressed in several cancers, its role and relevant downstream signaling pathways in gastric cancer (GC) are poorly understood. Treatment of AGS GC cells with a CAMKK2 inhibitor, STO-609, resulted in decreased cell proliferation, cell migration, invasion, colony-forming ability, and G1/S-phase arrest. Quantitative phosphoproteomics in AGS cells with the CAMKK2 inhibitor led to the identification of 9603 unique phosphosites mapping to 3120 proteins. We observed decreased phosphorylation of 1101 phosphopeptides (1.5-fold) corresponding to 752 proteins upon CAMKK2 inhibition. Bioinformatics analysis of hypo-phosphorylated proteins revealed enrichment of MAPK1/MAPK3 signaling. Kinase enrichment analysis of hypo-phosphorylated proteins using the X2K Web tool identified ERK1, cyclin-dependant kinase 1 (CDK1), and CDK2 as downstream substrates of CAMKK2. Moreover, inhibition of CAMKK2 and MEK1 resulted in decreased phosphorylation of ERK1, CDK1, MCM2, and MCM3. Immunofluorescence results were in concordance with our mass spectroscopy data and Western blot analysis results. Taken together, our data reveal the essential role of CAMKK2 in the pathobiology of GC through the activation of the MEK/ERK1 signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd A Najar
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Anjana Aravind
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Shobha Dagamajalu
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - David Sidransky
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hassan Ashktorab
- Department of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Duane T Smoot
- Department of Medicine, Meharry Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Harsha Gowda
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India.,Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - T S Keshava Prasad
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Prashant K Modi
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Aditi Chatterjee
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India.,Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India
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23
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Saikia R, Joseph J. AMPK: a key regulator of energy stress and calcium-induced autophagy. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 99:1539-1551. [PMID: 34398293 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02125-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a well-known cell-survival strategy orchestrated by a conserved set of proteins. It equips the cells with mechanisms to attain homeostasis during unfavorable conditions such as stress by breaking down the cellular components and reusing them for energy as well as for building new components required for survival. A basal level of autophagy is required for achieving homeostasis under normal conditions through regular turnover of macromolecules and organelles. Initiation of autophagy is regulated by two key components of the nutrient/energy sensor pathways; mammalian target of rapamycin 1 (mTORC1) and AMP-activated kinase (AMPK). Under energy-deprived conditions, AMPK is activated triggering autophagy, whereas, in nutrient-rich conditions, the growth-promoting kinase mTORC1 is activated inhibiting autophagy. Thus, the reciprocal regulation of autophagy by AMPK and mTORC1 defines a fundamental mechanism by which cells respond to nutrient availability. Interestingly, cytoplasmic calcium is also found to be an activator of AMPK and autophagy through a calmodulin/CaMKKβ pathway. However, the physiological significance of the regulation of autophagy by cytoplasmic calcium is currently unclear. This review focuses on the current understanding of the mechanism of autophagy and its regulation by AMPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rimpi Saikia
- National Centre for Cell Science, S. P. Pune University Campus, Pune, 411007, Maharashtra State, India
| | - Jomon Joseph
- National Centre for Cell Science, S. P. Pune University Campus, Pune, 411007, Maharashtra State, India.
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