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Serrano-Civantos M, Beraza E, Álvarez-Erviti L, de Cerain AL, Vettorazzi A. Potential role of ochratoxin A in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review of current evidence. Arch Toxicol 2025; 99:1769-1790. [PMID: 40044834 PMCID: PMC12085323 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-025-03994-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2025] [Indexed: 05/18/2025]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin produced by Aspergillus and Penicillium species that contaminates various food and feed products, presenting potential risks to human health. While OTA is well-known for its nephrotoxic effects, emerging evidence highlights its neurotoxic potential. Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with both genetic and environmental aetiologies. Emerging lines of investigation have focused their research on the role of environmental toxins, including mycotoxins, in PD pathogenesis. However, the specific involvement of OTA in PD-related pathways still needs to be unravelled. This systematic review compiles and evaluates OTA neurotoxicity studies according to the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) for PD, established by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). The AOP framework outlines a series of key event (KEs) beginning with mitochondrial Complex I (CI) inhibition and progressing through mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired proteostasis, dopaminergic neuron degeneration, neuroinflammation, and resulting in parkinsonian motor deficits. In this systematic review, a comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, to identify studies evaluating OTA neurotoxic effects. Using a search strategy of 19 terms and following a two-phased study selection, 30 relevant studies were retrieved, of which 16 dealt with in vitro adult neurotoxicity (ANT), 13 focused on in vivo ANT, and 1 gave both in vitro and in vivo approaches. Authors agree that in vitro and in vivo exposure to OTA causes mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired proteostasis, degeneration of dopaminergic (DA) neurons, and neuroinflammation. However, a notable absence of research remains on the molecular initiating event (MIE), binding to CI, and on KE1, inhibition of CI. This review identifies critical research gaps and highlights the need for further mechanistic studies on the impact of OTA on neurodegenerative pathways, particularly its binding and inhibition of CI, as well as mechanisms related to KE3: impaired proteostasis. Addressing these gaps may provide valuable insights into OTA neurotoxic potential and its relevance in PD-like neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Serrano-Civantos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MITOX Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - E Beraza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MITOX Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - L Álvarez-Erviti
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), Piqueras 98, 26006, Logroño, Spain
| | - A López de Cerain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MITOX Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - A Vettorazzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MITOX Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
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Xie J, Fu Q, Qin L, Lin L, Wu Q, Zeng K, Wu J, Cao Z, Ou Y. Ochratoxin A induces lung cell PANoptosis through activation of the AIM 2 inflammasome. Int Immunopharmacol 2025; 150:114184. [PMID: 39938165 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2025.114184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2024] [Revised: 01/22/2025] [Accepted: 01/26/2025] [Indexed: 02/14/2025]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA), a mycotoxin from filamentous fungi, significantly threatens human and animal health through food contamination. OTA is prevalent in food products, posing a significant health risk. Here, we observed that OTA induces senescence in lung cells. This study further assessed the toxicological effects of OTA on lung cells and clarified its molecular mechanism. We utilized in vitro cell models (TC-1 and MLE-12) to evaluate the impact of OTA on lung cells using Western-blot, indirect immunofluorescence and ELISA. The results revealed that OTA leads to inflammatory cell death in lung cells. Further investigations demonstrated that OTA elevates the expression levels of PANoptosis markers, including ZBP1, Caspase1/GSDMD (pyroptosis), Caspase3/7 (apoptosis) and RIP3/pMLKL (necroptosis). We further explored the mechanism through which OTA induces PANoptosis in lung cells. Experimental results indicated that OTA increased mitochondrial ROS levels, subsequently leading to a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, which activates AIM2. Consequently, AIM2 participates in the formation of ZBP1-induced PAN-optosome, ultimately resulting in PANoptosis of lung cells. In vivo studies further revealed that OTA induces lung damage. This new discovery establishes a basis for future studies on the toxicological effects of OTA on lung tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlong Xie
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524000, China
| | - Qiujuan Fu
- Pathological Diagnosis and Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524000, China
| | - Lingling Qin
- Pathological Diagnosis and Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524000, China; First Clinical College, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524000, China
| | - Liyao Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524000, China
| | - Qin Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524000, China
| | - Kaiqi Zeng
- Pathological Diagnosis and Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524000, China; First Clinical College, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524000, China
| | - Jiahuan Wu
- Pathological Diagnosis and Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524000, China; First Clinical College, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524000, China
| | - Ziyi Cao
- Pathological Diagnosis and Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524000, China; First Clinical College, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524000, China
| | - Yongfang Ou
- Pathological Diagnosis and Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524000, China.
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Hoxha M, Abbasciano M, Avantaggiato G, Zappacosta B, Tricarico D. Mycotoxins and neuropsychiatric symptoms: possible role in special refugee populations. Front Pharmacol 2025; 16:1524152. [PMID: 40176891 PMCID: PMC11962726 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1524152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2025] [Indexed: 04/05/2025] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Malvina Hoxha
- Department for Chemical-Toxicological and Pharmacological Evaluation of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Catholic University Our Lady of Good Counsel, Tirana, Albania
| | - Mariagrazia Abbasciano
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), Bari, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Avantaggiato
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Bruno Zappacosta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University Our Lady of Good Counsel, Tirana, Albania
| | - Domenico Tricarico
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
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Nie T, Li J, You L, Wu Q. Environmental mycotoxins: A potential etiological factor for neurodegenerative diseases? Toxicology 2025; 511:154056. [PMID: 39814257 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2025.154056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2024] [Revised: 01/06/2025] [Accepted: 01/12/2025] [Indexed: 01/18/2025]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are potential environmental risk factors for neurodegenerative diseases. These toxins penetrate the central nervous system via a compromised blood-brain barrier, which may cause oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, these can also contribute to amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaque accumulation, Tau protein hyperphosphorylation, and neurofibrillary tangle formation. Mycotoxins also activate microglia, cause neuronal apoptosis, and disrupt central nervous system function. This study examines the evidence linking mycotoxin exposure to neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. We explore mechanisms such as oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, blood-brain barrier disruption, neuroinflammation, and direct neurotoxic effects. Epidemiological studies show regional variations in mycotoxin prevalence and corresponding neurodegenerative disease incidences, supporting this association. We also review current approaches to mitigate mycotoxin exposure and discuss the challenges and opportunities in developing strategies to prevent or slow neurodegenerative disease progression. This work highlights the need for increased awareness and research on mycotoxins as modifiable risk factors in neurological health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Nie
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Jiefeng Li
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Li You
- College of Physical Education and Health, Chongqing College of International Business and Economics, Chongqing 401520, China
| | - Qinghua Wu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China.
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Bridgeman L, Juan C, Berrada H, Juan-García A. Effect of Acrylamide and Mycotoxins in SH-SY5Y Cells: A Review. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:87. [PMID: 38393165 PMCID: PMC10892127 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16020087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Thermal processes induce the formation of undesired toxic components, such as acrylamide (AA), which has been shown to induce brain toxicity in humans and classified as Group 2A by the International Agency of Research in Cancer (IARC), as well as some mycotoxins. AA and mycotoxins' toxicity is studied in several in vitro models, including the neuroblastoma cell line model SH-SY5Y cells. Both AA and mycotoxins occur together in the same food matrix cereal base (bread, pasta, potatoes, coffee roasting, etc.). Therefore, the goal of this review is to deepen the knowledge about the neurological effects that AA and mycotoxins can induce on the in vitro model SH-SY5Y and its mechanism of action (MoA) focusing on the experimental assays reported in publications of the last 10 years. The analysis of the latest publications shows that most of them are focused on cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and alteration in protein expression, while others are interested in oxidative stress, axonopathy, and the disruption of neurite outgrowth. While both AA and mycotoxins have been studied in SH-SY5Y cells separately, the mixture of them is starting to draw the interest of the scientific community. This highlights a new and interesting field to explore due to the findings reported in several publications that can be compared and the implications in human health that both could cause. In relation to the assays used, the most employed were the MTT, axonopathy, and qPCR assays. The concentration dose range studied was 0.1-10 mM for AA and 2 fM to 200 µM depending on the toxicity and time of exposure for mycotoxins. A healthy and varied diet allows the incorporation of a large family of bioactive compounds that can mitigate the toxic effects associated with contaminants present in food. Although this has been reported in some publications for mycotoxins, there is still a big gap for AA which evidences that more investigations are needed to better explore the risks for human health when exposed to AA and mycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ana Juan-García
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100 València, Spain; (L.B.); (C.J.); (H.B.)
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In vitro study of ochratoxin A in the expression of genes associated with neuron survival and viability. Toxicology 2023; 483:153376. [PMID: 36400265 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a common mycotoxin and known contaminant of crops, foods and drinks. As OTA crosses the blood-brain barrier, this study investigated the role of OTA, as an environmental hazard, on neuronal survival and viability. The impact of a range of OTA concentrations on the expression of MAPT, BAX, P53, BDNF and TPPP genes was investigated using human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells. The absence of altered gene expression determined using reverse transcription quantitative PCR demonstrated that exposure to a typical daily dose of OTA delivered to the brain (2 fM), may not trigger neuronal dysfunction. However, a dose of OTA (2 pM) decreased BDNF expression. BDNF and TPPP expression were significantly reduced after 1 day and significantly increased after 2 days of exposure to 1 µM OTA. The expression of P53, MAPT, and BAX was reduced at both days. Thus, despite OTA cytotoxicity, SH-SY5Y cells entered a survival state following a strong toxic insult. A typical daily environmental OTA exposure does not appear to carry an increased risk of neurodegenerative disease. However, BDNF dysfunction may occur through prolonged exposure to a dose one thousand times higher than the typical daily consumed OTA dose potentially causing adverse effects on neuronal health.
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Lai Y, Zhong XB. Special Section on Mechanistic and Translational Research on Transporters in Toxicology-Editorial. Drug Metab Dispos 2022; 50:1361-1363. [PMID: 36127133 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.122.001042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Mateo E, Tonino RPB, Canto A, Monroy Noyola A, Miranda M, Soria JM, Garcia Esparza MA. The Neurotoxic Effect of Ochratoxin-A on the Hippocampal Neurogenic Niche of Adult Mouse Brain. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:624. [PMID: 36136561 PMCID: PMC9501519 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14090624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a common secondary metabolite of Aspergillus ochraceus, A. carbonarius, and Penicillium verrucosum. This mycotoxin is largely present as a contaminant in several cereal crops and human foodstuffs, including grapes, corn, nuts, and figs, among others. Preclinical studies have reported the involvement of OTA in metabolic, physiologic, and immunologic disturbances as well as in carcinogenesis. More recently, it has also been suggested that OTA may impair hippocampal neurogenesis in vivo and that this might be associated with learning and memory deficits. Furthermore, aside from its widely proven toxicity in tissues other than the brain, there is reason to believe that OTA contributes to neurodegenerative disorders. Thus, in this present in vivo study, we investigated this possibility by intraperitoneally (i.p.) administering 3.5 mg OTA/kg body weight to adult male mice to assess whether chronic exposure to this mycotoxin negatively affects cell viability in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. Immunohistochemistry assays showed that doses of 3.5 mg/kg caused a significant and dose-dependent reduction in repetitive cell division and branching (from 12% to 62%). Moreover, the number of countable astrocytes (p < 0.001), young neurons (p < 0.001), and mature neurons (p < 0.001) negatively correlated with the number of i.p. OTA injections administered (one, two, three, or six repeated doses). Our results show that OTA induced adverse effects in the hippocampus cells of adult mice brain tissue when administered in cumulative doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Mateo
- Department of Microbiology and Ecology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, 46001 Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Antolin Canto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cardenal Herrera University-CEU Universities, 46001 Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Monroy Noyola
- Neuroprotection Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Autonomous University of the State of Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos 98100, Mexico
| | - Maria Miranda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cardenal Herrera University-CEU Universities, 46001 Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose Miguel Soria
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cardenal Herrera University-CEU Universities, 46001 Valencia, Spain
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Chansawhang A, Phochantachinda S, Temviriyanukul P, Chantong B. Corticosterone potentiates ochratoxin A-induced microglial activation. Biomol Concepts 2022; 13:230-241. [DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2022-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Microglial activation in the central nervous system (CNS) has been associated with brain damage and neurodegenerative disorders. Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin that occurs naturally in food and feed and has been associated with neurotoxicity, while corticosteroids are CNS’ physiological function modulators. This study examined how OTA affected microglia activation and how corticosteroids influenced microglial neuroinflammation. Murine microglial cells (BV-2) were stimulated by OTA, and the potentiation effects on OTA-induced inflammation were determined by corticosterone pre-treatment. Expressions of pro-inflammatory mediators including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were determined. Phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) was analyzed by western blotting. OTA significantly increased the mRNA expression of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, and iNOS and also elevated IL-6 and NO levels. Corticosterone pre-treatment enhanced the neuroinflammatory response to OTA in a mineralocorticoid receptor (MR)-dependent mechanism, which is associated with increases in extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 MAPK activation. In response to OTA, microglial cells produced pro-inflammatory cytokines and NO, while corticosterone increased OTA-induced ERK and p38 MAPK phosphorylation via MR. Findings indicated the direct role of OTA in microglia activation and neuroinflammatory response and suggested that low corticosterone concentrations in the brain exacerbated neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anchana Chansawhang
- The Center for Veterinary Diagnosis, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University , Salaya , Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170 , Thailand
| | - Sataporn Phochantachinda
- Prasu-Arthorn Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University , Salaya , Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170 , Thailand
| | - Piya Temviriyanukul
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University , Salaya , Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170 , Thailand
| | - Boonrat Chantong
- Department of Pre-clinical and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University , Salaya , Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170 , Thailand
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Frangiamone M, Alonso-Garrido M, Font G, Cimbalo A, Manyes L. Pumpkin extract and fermented whey individually and in combination alleviated AFB1- and OTA-induced alterations on neuronal differentiation invitro. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 164:113011. [PMID: 35447289 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Food and feed are daily exposed to mycotoxin contamination which effects may be counteracted by functional compounds like carotenoids and fermented whey. Among mycotoxins, the most toxic and studied are aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and ochratoxin A (OTA), which neurotoxicity is not well reported. Therefore, SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells ongoing differentiation were exposed during 7 days to digested bread extracts contained pumpkin and fermented whey, individually and in combination, along with AFB1 and OTA and their combination, in order to evaluate their presumed effects on neuronal differentiation. The immunofluorescence analysis of βIII-tubulin and dopamine markers pointed to OTA as the most damaging treatment for cell differentiation. Cell cycle analysis reported the highest significant differences for OTA-contained bread compared to the control in phase G0/G1. Lastly, RNA extraction was performed and gene expression was analyzed by qPCR. The selected genes were related to neuronal differentiation and cell cycle. The addition of functional ingredients in breads not only enhancing the expression of neuronal markers, but also induced an overall improvement of gene expression compromised by mycotoxins activity. These data confirm that in vitro neuronal differentiation may be impaired by AFB1 and OTA-exposure, which could be modulated by bioactive compounds naturally found in diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Frangiamone
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Manuel Alonso-Garrido
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Guillermina Font
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Alessandra Cimbalo
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Spain.
| | - Lara Manyes
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
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Huang CH, Wang FT, Hsuuw YD, Huang FJ, Chan WH. Non-embryotoxic dosage of alternariol aggravates ochratoxin A-triggered deleterious effects on embryonic development through ROS-dependent apoptotic processes. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2021; 10:1211-1222. [PMID: 34956623 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfab112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternariol (AOH) and ochratoxin A (OTA), two mycotoxins found in many foods worldwide, exhibit cytotoxicity and embryotoxicity, triggering apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in several mammalian cells and mouse embryos. The absorption rate of AOH from dietary foodstuff is low, meaning that the amount of AOH obtained from the diet rarely approaches the cytotoxic threshold. Thus, the potential harm of dietary consumption of AOH is generally neglected. However, previous findings from our group and others led us to question whether a low dosage of AOH could aggravate the cytotoxicity of other mycotoxins. In the present study, we examined how low dosages of AOH affected OTA-triggered apoptosis and embryotoxicity and investigated the underlying regulatory mechanism in mouse blastocysts. Our results revealed that non-cytotoxic concentrations of AOH (1 and 2 μM) could enhance OTA (8 μM)-triggered apoptotic processes and embryotoxicity in mouse blastocysts. We also found that AOH can enhance OTA-evoked intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and that this could be prevented by pretreatment with the potent ROS scavenger, N-acetylcysteine. Finally, we observed that this ROS generation acts as a key inducer of caspase-dependent apoptotic processes and subsequent impairments of embryo implantation and pre- and post-implantation embryonic development. In sum, our results show that non-cytotoxic dosages of AOH can aggravate OTA-triggered apoptosis and embryotoxicity through ROS- and caspase-dependent signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Hsun Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan City 33004, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Ting Wang
- Rehabilitation and Technical Aid Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei City 11217, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Der Hsuuw
- Department of Tropical Agriculture and International Cooperation, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Jen Huang
- Department of Tropical Agriculture and International Cooperation, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hsiung Chan
- Department of Bioscience Technology and Center for Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung Li District, Taoyuan City 32023, Taiwan
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Nguyen VTT, König S, Eggert S, Endres K, Kins S. The role of mycotoxins in neurodegenerative diseases: current state of the art and future perspectives of research. Biol Chem 2021; 403:3-26. [PMID: 34449171 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2021-0214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are fungal metabolites that can cause various diseases in humans and animals. The adverse health effects of mycotoxins such as liver failure, immune deficiency, and cancer are well-described. However, growing evidence suggests an additional link between these fungal metabolites and neurodegenerative diseases. Despite the wealth of these initial reports, reliable conclusions are still constrained by limited access to human patients and availability of suitable cell or animal model systems. This review summarizes knowledge on mycotoxins associated with neurodegenerative diseases and the assumed underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. The limitations of the common in vivo and in vitro experiments to identify the role of mycotoxins in neurotoxicity and thereby in neurodegenerative diseases are elucidated and possible future perspectives to further evolve this research field are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vu Thu Thuy Nguyen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Str. 8, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Svenja König
- Department of Human Biology and Human Genetics, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 13, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Simone Eggert
- Department of Human Biology and Human Genetics, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 13, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Kristina Endres
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Str. 8, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefan Kins
- Department of Human Biology and Human Genetics, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 13, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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Shahba S, Mehrzad J, Malvandi AM. Neuroimmune disruptions from naturally occurring levels of mycotoxins. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:10.1007/s11356-021-14146-4. [PMID: 33932215 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14146-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Substantial pieces of evidence support the potential of exogenous toxins in disrupting neuroimmune homeostasis. It appears that mycotoxins are one of the noticeable sources of naturally occurring substances dysregulating the immune system, which involves the physiology of many organs, such as the central nervous system (CNS). The induction of inflammatory responses in microglial cells and astrocytes, the CNS resident cells with immunological characteristics, could interrupt the hemostasis upon even with low-level exposure to mycotoxins. The inevitable widespread occurrence of a low level of mycotoxins in foods and feed is likely increasing worldwide, predisposing individuals to potential neuroimmunological dysregulations. This paper reviews the current understanding of mycotoxins' neuro-immunotoxic features under low-dose exposure and the possible ways for detoxification and clearance as a perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Shahba
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jalil Mehrzad
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Amir Mohammad Malvandi
- Science and Technology Pole, IRCCS Multimedica, Via Gaudenzio Fantoli, 16/15, 20138, Milan, Italy.
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Behrens M, Hüwel S, Galla HJ, Humpf HU. Efflux at the Blood-Brain Barrier Reduces the Cerebral Exposure to Ochratoxin A, Ochratoxin α, Citrinin and Dihydrocitrinone. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13050327. [PMID: 33946578 PMCID: PMC8147254 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13050327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have implied that environmental toxins, such as mycotoxins, are risk factors for neurodegenerative diseases. To act directly as neurotoxins, mycotoxins need to penetrate or affect the integrity of the blood-brain barrier, which protects the mammalian brain from potentially harmful substances. As common food and feed contaminants of fungal origin, the interest in the potential neurotoxicity of ochratoxin A, citrinin and their metabolites has recently increased. Primary porcine brain capillary endothelial cells were used to investigate cytotoxic or barrier-weakening effects of ochratoxin A, ochratoxin α, citrinin and dihydrocitrinone. The transfer and transport properties of the mycotoxins across the barrier formed by porcine brain capillary endothelial cell monolayers were analysed using HPLC-MS/MS. High levels of Ochratoxin A caused cytotoxic and barrier-weakening effects, whereas ochratoxin α, citrinin and dihydrocitrinone showed no adverse effects up to 10 µM. Likely due to efflux transporter proteins, the transfer to the brain compartment was much slower than expected from their high lipophilicity. Due to their slow transfer across the blood-brain barrier, cerebral exposure of ochratoxin A, ochratoxin α, citrinin and dihydrocitrinone is low and neurotoxicity is likely to play a subordinate role in their toxicity at common physiological concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Behrens
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany;
| | - Sabine Hüwel
- Institute of Biochemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (S.H.); (H.-J.G.)
| | - Hans-Joachim Galla
- Institute of Biochemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (S.H.); (H.-J.G.)
| | - Hans-Ulrich Humpf
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany;
- Correspondence:
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Niaz K, Shah SZA, Khan F, Bule M. Ochratoxin A-induced genotoxic and epigenetic mechanisms lead to Alzheimer disease: its modulation with strategies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:44673-44700. [PMID: 32424756 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08991-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a naturally occurring mycotoxin mostly found in food items including grains and coffee beans. It induces DNA single-strand breaks and has been considered to be carcinogenic. It is recognized as a serious threat to reproductive health both in males and females. OTA is highly nephrotoxic and carcinogenic, and its potency changes evidently between species and sexes. There is a close association between OTA, mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, and genotoxicity, but the underlying mechanisms are not clear. Reports regarding genotoxic effects in relation to OTA which leads to the induction of DNA adduct formation, protein synthesis inhibition, perturbation of cellular energy production, initiation of oxidative stress, induction of apoptosis, influences on mitosis, induction of cell cycle arrest, and interference with cytokine pathways. All these mechanisms are associated with nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, teratotoxicity, immunological toxicity, and neurotoxicity. OTA administration activates various mechanisms such as p38 MAPK, JNKs, and ERKs dysfunctions, BDNF disruption, TH overexpression, caspase-3 and 9 activation, and ERK-1/2 phosphorylation which ultimately lead to Alzheimer disease (AD) progression. The current review will focus on OTA in terms of recent discoveries in the field of molecular biology. The main aim is to investigate the underlying mechanisms of OTA in regard to genotoxicity and epigenetic modulations that lead to AD. Also, we will highlight the strategies for the purpose of attenuating the hazards posed by OTA exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Niaz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Bio-Sciences, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan.
| | - Syed Zahid Ali Shah
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Fazlullah Khan
- The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), School of Pharmacy, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (IC-TUMS), Tehran, 1417614411, Iran
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, 1417614411, Iran
| | - Mohammed Bule
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ambo University, Ambo, Oromia, Ethiopia
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Pyo MC, Shin HS, Jeon GY, Lee KW. Synergistic Interaction of Ochratoxin A and Acrylamide Toxins in Human Kidney and Liver Cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2020; 43:1346-1355. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b20-00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Cheol Pyo
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University
| | - Hye Soo Shin
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University
| | - Gyeong Yun Jeon
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University
| | - Kwang-Won Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University
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17
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Zhang TY, Kong L, Hao JX, Wang H, Yan ZH, Sun XF, Shen W. Effects of Ochratoxin A exposure on DNA damage in porcine granulosa cells in vitro. Toxicol Lett 2020; 330:167-175. [PMID: 32454083 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA), a feed mycotoxin, tends to impair the reproductive performance of animals. Our previous studies have demonstrated that OTA exposure inhibits porcine ovarian granulosa cell (GC) proliferation and induces their apoptosis, but the underlying toxic mechanism is still uncertain. In this study, we explored the OTA exposure on porcine GCs in vitro and found that OTA exposure inhibited the proliferation of porcine GCs and arrested cell cycle of GCs in the G2/M phase. The results based on RNA-Seq revealed that 20 μM and 40 μM OTA exposure increase DNA damage of porcine GCs in vitro. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of 40 μM OTA exposure were enriched in the pathways of mismatch repair, nucleotide excision repair and homologous recombination in DNA replication compared with control group and 20 μM OTA exposure group. Meanwhile, OTA exposure increased the expression levels of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) gene γ-H2AX, and DNA repair related genes, such as BRCA1, XRCC1, PARP1, and RAD51. Above all, our research revealed that OTA might exert deleterious effects on porcine ovarian GCs, influencing DNA repair-related biological processes and causing DNA damage response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Yu Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266034, China
| | - Li Kong
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Jia-Xing Hao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Qingdao Women's and Children's Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266034, China
| | - Han Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Zi-Hui Yan
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Wei Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
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EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM), Schrenk D, Bodin L, Chipman JK, del Mazo J, Grasl‐Kraupp B, Hogstrand C, Hoogenboom L(R, Leblanc J, Nebbia CS, Nielsen E, Ntzani E, Petersen A, Sand S, Schwerdtle T, Vleminckx C, Wallace H, Alexander J, Dall'Asta C, Mally A, Metzler M, Binaglia M, Horváth Z, Steinkellner H, Bignami M. Risk assessment of ochratoxin A in food. EFSA J 2020; 18:e06113. [PMID: 37649524 PMCID: PMC10464718 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2020.6113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The European Commission asked EFSA to update their 2006 opinion on ochratoxin A (OTA) in food. OTA is produced by fungi of the genus Aspergillus and Penicillium and found as a contaminant in various foods. OTA causes kidney toxicity in different animal species and kidney tumours in rodents. OTA is genotoxic both in vitro and in vivo; however, the mechanisms of genotoxicity are unclear. Direct and indirect genotoxic and non-genotoxic modes of action might each contribute to tumour formation. Since recent studies have raised uncertainty regarding the mode of action for kidney carcinogenicity, it is inappropriate to establish a health-based guidance value (HBGV) and a margin of exposure (MOE) approach was applied. For the characterisation of non-neoplastic effects, a BMDL 10 of 4.73 μg/kg body weight (bw) per day was calculated from kidney lesions observed in pigs. For characterisation of neoplastic effects, a BMDL 10 of 14.5 μg/kg bw per day was calculated from kidney tumours seen in rats. The estimation of chronic dietary exposure resulted in mean and 95th percentile levels ranging from 0.6 to 17.8 and from 2.4 to 51.7 ng/kg bw per day, respectively. Median OTA exposures in breastfed infants ranged from 1.7 to 2.6 ng/kg bw per day, 95th percentile exposures from 5.6 to 8.5 ng/kg bw per day in average/high breast milk consuming infants, respectively. Comparison of exposures with the BMDL 10 based on the non-neoplastic endpoint resulted in MOEs of more than 200 in most consumer groups, indicating a low health concern with the exception of MOEs for high consumers in the younger age groups, indicating a possible health concern. When compared with the BMDL 10 based on the neoplastic endpoint, MOEs were lower than 10,000 for almost all exposure scenarios, including breastfed infants. This would indicate a possible health concern if genotoxicity is direct. Uncertainty in this assessment is high and risk may be overestimated.
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19
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Agahi F, Font G, Juan C, Juan-García A. Individual and Combined Effect of Zearalenone Derivates and Beauvericin Mycotoxins on SH-SY5Y Cells. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:E212. [PMID: 32230869 PMCID: PMC7232440 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12040212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Beauvericin (BEA) and zearalenone derivatives, α-zearalenol (α-ZEL), and β-zearalenol (β-ZEL), are produced by several Fusarium species. Considering the impact of various mycotoxins on human's health, this study determined and evaluated the cytotoxic effect of individual, binary, and tertiary mycotoxin treatments consisting of α-ZEL, β-ZEL, and BEA at different concentrations over 24, 48, and 72 h on SH-SY5Y neuronal cells, by using the MTT assay (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5diphenyltetrazoliumbromide). Subsequently, the isobologram method was applied to elucidate if the mixtures produced synergism, antagonism, or additive effects. Ultimately, we determined the amount of mycotoxin recovered from the media after treatment using liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-qTOF-MS). The IC50 values detected at all assayed times ranged from 95 to 0.2 μM for the individual treatments. The result indicated that β-ZEL was the most cytotoxic mycotoxin when tested individually. The major effect detected for all combinations assayed was synergism. Among the combinations assayed, α-ZEL + β-ZEL + BEA and α-ZEL + BEA presented the highest cytotoxic potential with respect to the IC value. At all assayed times, BEA was the mycotoxin recovered at the highest concentration in individual form, and β-ZEL + BEA was the combination recovered at the highest concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cristina Juan
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain; (F.A.); (G.F.); (A.J.-G.)
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20
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Li P, Li K, Zou C, Tong C, Sun L, Cao Z, Yang S, Lyu Q. Selenium Yeast Alleviates Ochratoxin A-Induced Hepatotoxicity via Modulation of the PI3K/AKT and Nrf2/Keap1 Signaling Pathways in Chickens. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12030143. [PMID: 32106596 PMCID: PMC7150738 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12030143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of selenium yeast (Se-Y) against hepatotoxicity induced by ochratoxin A (OTA). The OTA-induced liver injury model was established in chickens by daily oral gavage of 50 µg/kg OTA for 21 days. Serum biochemistry analysis, antioxidant analysis, as well as the qRT-PCR and Western blot (WB) analyses were then used to evaluate oxidative damage and apoptosis in chicken liver tissue. The results showed that Se-Y significantly increased liver coefficient induced by OTA (P < 0.05). OTA + Se-Y treated group revealed that Se-Y reduced the OTA-induced increase in glutamic pyruvic transaminase (ALT), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (AST) and malonaldehyde (MDA) content, and reversed the decrease in antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) (P < 0.05). In this study, we found that OTA is involved in the mRNA expression levels about Nrf2/Keap1 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways, such as oxidative stress-related genes (Nrf2, GSH-Px, GLRX2 and Keap1) and apoptosis-related genes (Bax, Caspase3, P53, AKT, PI3K and Bcl-2). Besides, significant downregulations of protein expression of HO-1, MnSOD, Nrf2 and Bcl-2, as well as a significant upregulation of Caspase3 and Bax levels were observed after contaminated with OTA (P < 0.05). Notably, OTA-induced apoptosis and oxidative damage in the liver of chickens were reverted back to normal level in the OTA + Se-Y group. Our findings indicate that pretreatment with Se-Y effectively ameliorates OTA-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (P.L.); (K.L.); (C.Z.); (C.T.); (L.S.)
| | - Kang Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (P.L.); (K.L.); (C.Z.); (C.T.); (L.S.)
| | - Chao Zou
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (P.L.); (K.L.); (C.Z.); (C.T.); (L.S.)
| | - Cui Tong
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (P.L.); (K.L.); (C.Z.); (C.T.); (L.S.)
| | - Lin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (P.L.); (K.L.); (C.Z.); (C.T.); (L.S.)
| | - Zhongjun Cao
- Tieling City Inspection and Testing and Certification Service Center (Animal Product Safety Testing Station), Tieling 112000, China;
| | - Shuhua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (P.L.); (K.L.); (C.Z.); (C.T.); (L.S.)
- Correspondence: (S.Y.); (Q.L.)
| | - Qiufeng Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (P.L.); (K.L.); (C.Z.); (C.T.); (L.S.)
- Correspondence: (S.Y.); (Q.L.)
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21
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Zhao G, Wang YF, Chen J, Yao Y. Predominant Mycotoxins, Pathogenesis, Control Measures, and Detection Methods in Fermented Pastes. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:E78. [PMID: 31979410 PMCID: PMC7076863 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12020078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fermented pastes are some of the most popular traditional products in China. Many studies reported a strong possibility that fermented pastes promote exposure to mycotoxins, including aflatoxins, ochratoxins, and cereulide, which were proven to be carcinogenic and neurotoxic to humans. The primary mechanism of pathogenicity is by inhibiting protein synthesis and inducing oxidative stress using cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes. The level of mycotoxin production is dependent on the pre-harvest or post-harvest stage. It is possible to implement methods to control mycotoxins by using appropriate antagonistic microorganisms, such as Aspergillus niger, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolated from ordinary foods. Also, drying products as soon as possible to avoid condensation or moisture absorption in order to reduce the water activity to lower than 0.82 during storage is also effective. Furthermore, organic acid treatment during the soaking process reduces toxins by more than 90%. Some novel detection technologies based on magnetic adsorption, aptamer probes, and molecular-based methods were applied to rapidly and accurately detect mycotoxins in fermented pastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guozhong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, 300457 Tianjin, China; (G.Z.); (Y.-F.W.)
| | - Yi-Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, 300457 Tianjin, China; (G.Z.); (Y.-F.W.)
| | - Junling Chen
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, 471023 Luoyang, China;
| | - Yunping Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, 300457 Tianjin, China; (G.Z.); (Y.-F.W.)
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Öncü Kaya EM, Korkmaz OT, Yeniceli Uğur D, Şener E, Tunçel AN, Tunçel M. Determination of Ochratoxin-A in the brain microdialysates and plasma of awake, freely moving rats using ultra high performance liquid chromatography fluorescence detection method. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1125:121700. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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23
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Babayan N, Tadevosyan G, Khondkaryan L, Grigoryan R, Sarkisyan N, Haroutiounian R, Stopper H. Ochratoxin A induces global DNA hypomethylation and oxidative stress in neuronal cells in vitro. Mycotoxin Res 2019; 36:73-81. [PMID: 31441013 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-019-00370-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Recently, it was reported that ochratoxin A (OTA) mycotoxin, produced by a number of Aspergillus and Penicillium fungal species, may cause neuropsychological impairment or mental and emotional disorders but the mechanism of neurotoxicity remains unknown. Adverse effects of OTA in human (SHSY5Y) and mouse (HT22) neuronal cell lines were studied in vitro. OTA was found to be non-cytotoxic in both cell lines at concentrations 2.5-30 μmol/l, which are above the levels reported for human and animal plasma. OTA led to slightly elevated chromosomal instability in HT22 cells at concentrations of 15-30 μmol/l after 48 h, while in SHSY5Y cells, no evidence for genotoxic effects was observed at concentrations of 2.5-30 μmol/l. OTA treatment at 10 μmol/l resulted in elevated levels of unmethylated cytosines in CpG dinucleotides (up to 1.4-fold), elevated levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (up to 1.6-fold), and in elevated levels of oxidized DNA purines (up to 2.2-fold) in both cell lines. Detected global DNA hypomethylation and oxidative stress were found to be reversible in 96 h and 24-72 h, respectively. In general, the observed pattern of OTA-induced effects in both cell lines was similar, but HT22 cells exhibited higher sensitivity, as well as better repair capacity in response to OTA toxicity. In conclusion, the results suggest that oxidative stress and epigenetic changes are directly involved in OTA-induced neurotoxicity, while cytotoxicity and genotoxicity cannot be considered as primary cause of toxicity in neuronal cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelly Babayan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, Hasratyan 7, 0014, Yerevan, Armenia. .,Yerevan State University, A. Manoogian 1, 0025, Yerevan, Armenia.
| | - Gohar Tadevosyan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, Hasratyan 7, 0014, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Lusine Khondkaryan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, Hasratyan 7, 0014, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Ruzanna Grigoryan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, Hasratyan 7, 0014, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Natalya Sarkisyan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, Hasratyan 7, 0014, Yerevan, Armenia
| | | | - Helga Stopper
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Wuerzburg, Versbacher 9, 997078, Wuerzburg, Germany
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24
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Maroli N, Jayakrishnan A, Ramalingam Manoharan R, Kolandaivel P, Krishna K. Combined Inhibitory Effects of Citrinin, Ochratoxin-A, and T-2 Toxin on Aquaporin-2. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:5755-5768. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b03829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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25
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Huang CH, Wang FT, Chan WH. Prevention of ochratoxin A-induced oxidative stress-mediated apoptotic processes and impairment of embryonic development in mouse blastocysts by liquiritigenin. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2019; 34:573-584. [PMID: 30698892 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA), a mycotoxin constituent of a range of food commodities, including coffee, wine, beer, grains, and spices, exerts toxicological and pathological effects in vivo, such as nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and immunotoxicity. In a previous report, we highlighted the potential of OTA to induce apoptosis via reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in mouse blastocysts that led to impaired preimplantation and postimplantation embryo development in vitro and in vivo. Here, we have shown that liquiritigenin (LQ), a type of flavonoid isolated from Glycyrrhiza radix, effectively protects against OTA-mediated apoptosis and inhibition of cell proliferation in mouse blastocysts. Preincubation of blastocysts with LQ clearly prevented OTA-triggered impairment of preimplantation and postimplantation embryonic development and fetal weight loss, both in vitro and in vivo. Detailed investigation of regulatory mechanisms revealed that OTA mediated apoptosis and embryotoxicity through ROS generation, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3, which were effectively prevented by LQ. The embryotoxic effects of OTA were further validated in an animal model in vivo. Intravenous injection of dams with OTA (3 mg/kg/day) led to apoptosis of blastocysts, impairment of embryonic development from zygote to blastocyst stage and decrease in day 18 fetal weight. Notably, preinjection of dams with LQ (5 mg/kg/day) effectively prevented OTA-induced apoptosis and toxic effects on embryo development. Our collective results clearly demonstrate that OTA exposure via injection has the potential to damage preimplantation and postimplantation embryonic development against which LQ has a protective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Hsun Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health & Welfare, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Ting Wang
- Rehabilitation and Technical Aid Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hsiung Chan
- Department of Bioscience Technology and Center for Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
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26
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Domijan AM, Marjanović Čermak AM, Vulić A, Tartaro Bujak I, Pavičić I, Pleadin J, Markov K, Mihaljević B. Cytotoxicity of gamma irradiated aflatoxin B 1 and ochratoxin A. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2019; 54:155-162. [PMID: 30614388 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2018.1536578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Toxicity of gamma irradiated mycotoxins aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and ochratoxin A (OTA) was investigated in vitro. AFB1 and OTA stock solutions (50 mM, in methanol) were gamma irradiated (5 and 10 kGy) and non-irradiated and irradiated mycotoxins solutions were tested for cytotoxicity on Pk15, HepG2 and SH-SY5Y cell lines (MTT assay, 1-500 μM concentration range; 24 h exposure). Degradation of mycotoxin molecules was examined by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). AFB1 and OTA radiolytic products were less toxic than the parent mycotoxins to all of the tested cell lines. Gamma irradiation even at 5 kGy had effect on AFB1 and OTA molecules however, this effect was dependent on chemical structure of mycotoxin. Since gamma irradiation at low dose reduced initial level of both mycotoxins, and gamma irradiated mycotoxins had lower toxicity in comparison to non-irradiated mycotoxins, it can be concluded that gamma irradiation could be used as decontamination method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Marija Domijan
- a Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry , University of Zagreb , Zagreb , Croatia
| | | | - Ana Vulić
- c Croatian Veterinary Institute , Zagreb , Croatia
| | | | - Ivan Pavičić
- b Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health , Zagreb , Croatia
| | | | - Ksenija Markov
- e Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology , University of Zagreb , Zagreb , Croatia
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Elsayed MAE, Mohamed NE, Hatab MH, Elaroussi MA. Oxidative Stress of in-Ovo Ochratoxin A Administered during Chick Embryonic Development. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2017-0637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Bhat PV, Anand T, Mohan Manu T, Khanum F. Restorative effect of l-Dopa treatment against Ochratoxin A induced neurotoxicity. Neurochem Int 2018; 118:252-263. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ratnaseelan AM, Tsilioni I, Theoharides TC. Effects of Mycotoxins on Neuropsychiatric Symptoms and Immune Processes. Clin Ther 2018; 40:903-917. [PMID: 29880330 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The effects of air pollutants have been receiving increased attention both clinically and in the media. One such pollutant is mold, fungal growth in the form of multicellular filaments known as hyphae. The growth of molds is omnipresent not only in outdoor settings but also in indoor environments containing excessive amounts of moisture. METHODS PubMed was searched for relevant articles using terms such as mold, mycotoxins, fungi, immunity, inflammation, neurodevelopment, cognition, Alzheimer's, and autism. FINDINGS Exposure to molds is most commonly associated with allergies and asthma. However, it is now thought to be associated with many complex health problems, since some molds, especially Trichoderma, Fusarium and Stachybotrys spp, produce mycotoxins that are absorbed from the skin, airways, and intestinal lining. People exposed to molds and mycotoxins present with symptoms affecting multiple organs, including the lungs, musculoskeletal system, as well as the central and peripheral nervous systems. Furthermore, evidence has recently implicated exposure to mycotoxins in the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorder. The effects of mycotoxins can be mediated via different pathways that include the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, especially from mast cells. IMPLICATIONS The information reviewed indicates that exposure to mold and mycotoxins can affect the nervous system, directly or through immune cell activation, thus contributing to neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarane M Ratnaseelan
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Irene Tsilioni
- Molecular Immunopharmacology and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Theoharis C Theoharides
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Molecular Immunopharmacology and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Internal Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine and Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Psychiatry, Tufts University School of Medicine and Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Eiser AR. Why does Finland have the highest dementia mortality rate? Environmental factors may be generalizable. Brain Res 2017; 1671:14-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Wang Y, Peng X, Yang Z, Zhao W, Xu W, Hao J, Wu W, Shen XL, Luo Y, Huang K. iTRAQ Mitoproteome Analysis Reveals Mechanisms of Programmed Cell Death in Arabidopsis thaliana Induced by Ochratoxin A. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:toxins9050167. [PMID: 28524096 PMCID: PMC5450715 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9050167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is one of the most common and dangerous mycotoxins in the world. Previous work indicated that OTA could elicit spontaneous HR-like lesions formation Arabidopsis thaliana, reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in OTA toxicity, and their major endogenous source is mitochondria. However, there has been no evidence as to whether OTA induces directly PCD in plants until now. In this study, the presence of OTA in Arabidopsisthaliana leaves triggered accelerated respiration, increased production of mitochondrial ROS, the opening of ROS-dependent mitochondrial permeability transition pores and a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential as well as the release of cytochrome c into the cytosol. There were 42 and 43 significantly differentially expressed proteins identified in response to exposure to OTA for 8 and 24 h, respectively, according to iTRAQ analysis. These proteins were mainly involved in perturbation of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, interfering with ATP synthesis and inducing PCD. Digital gene expression data at transcriptional level was consistent with the cell death induced by OTA being PCD. These results indicated that mitochondrial dysfunction was a prerequisite for OTA-induced PCD and the initiation and execution of PCD via a mitochondrial-mediated pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.W.)
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.P.); (Z.Y.); (W.Z.); (J.H.); (W.W.); (X.L.S.)
| | - Xiaoli Peng
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.P.); (Z.Y.); (W.Z.); (J.H.); (W.W.); (X.L.S.)
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Zhuojun Yang
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.P.); (Z.Y.); (W.Z.); (J.H.); (W.W.); (X.L.S.)
| | - Weiwei Zhao
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.P.); (Z.Y.); (W.Z.); (J.H.); (W.W.); (X.L.S.)
| | - Wentao Xu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (W.X.); (Y.L.)
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.P.); (Z.Y.); (W.Z.); (J.H.); (W.W.); (X.L.S.)
| | - Junran Hao
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.P.); (Z.Y.); (W.Z.); (J.H.); (W.W.); (X.L.S.)
| | - Weihong Wu
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.P.); (Z.Y.); (W.Z.); (J.H.); (W.W.); (X.L.S.)
| | - Xiao Li Shen
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.P.); (Z.Y.); (W.Z.); (J.H.); (W.W.); (X.L.S.)
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Yunbo Luo
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (W.X.); (Y.L.)
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.P.); (Z.Y.); (W.Z.); (J.H.); (W.W.); (X.L.S.)
| | - Kunlun Huang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (W.X.); (Y.L.)
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.P.); (Z.Y.); (W.Z.); (J.H.); (W.W.); (X.L.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-6273-8793
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Milićević D, Nastasijevic I, Petrovic Z. Mycotoxin in the food supply chain-implications for public health program. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENESIS & ECOTOXICOLOGY REVIEWS 2016; 34:293-319. [PMID: 27717290 DOI: 10.1080/10590501.2016.1236607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are a group of naturally occurring toxic chemical substances, produced mainly by microscopic filamentous fungal species. Regarding potential synergisms or even mitigating effects between toxic elements, mycotoxin contamination will continue to be an area of concern for producers, manufacturers, regulatory agencies, researchers, and consumers in the future. In Serbia, recent drought and then flooding confirmed that mycotoxins are one of the foodborne hazards most susceptible to climate change. In this article, we review key aspects of mycotoxin contamination of the food supply chain and implications for public health from the Serbian perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Milićević
- a Institute of Meat Hygiene an Technology , Kaćanskog , R. Serbia
| | - I Nastasijevic
- a Institute of Meat Hygiene an Technology , Kaćanskog , R. Serbia
| | - Z Petrovic
- a Institute of Meat Hygiene an Technology , Kaćanskog , R. Serbia
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Bhat PV, Pandareesh, Khanum F, Tamatam A. Cytotoxic Effects of Ochratoxin A in Neuro-2a Cells: Role of Oxidative Stress Evidenced by N-acetylcysteine. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1142. [PMID: 27531992 PMCID: PMC4969303 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ochratoxin-A (OTA), is toxic secondary metabolite and is found to be a source of vast range of toxic effects like hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity. However, the information available currently regarding neurotoxic effects exerted by OTA is scanty. Hence, the present study was aimed to evaluate the neurotoxic effects of OTA and the possible mechanisms of toxicity as well as the role of cytotoxic oxidative stress on neuronal (Neuro-2a) cell line was evaluated in vitro. Results of the MTT and LDH assay showed that, OTA induced dose-dependent cell death in Neuro-2a cells and EC50 value was determined as 500 nM. OTA induced high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and elevated levels of malondialdehyde, also loss of mitochondrial membrane potential was observed in a dose depended manner. Effects of OTA on ROS induced chromosomal DNA damage was assessed by Comet assay and plasmid DNA damage assay in which increase in DNA damage was observed in Neuro-2a cells by increasing the OTA concentration. Further western blotting analysis of OTA treated Neuro-2a cells indicated elevated expression levels of c-Jun, JNK3 and cleaved caspase-3 leading to apoptotic cell death. Other hand realtime-Q-PCR analysis clearly indicates the suppressed expression of neuronal biomarker genes including AChE, BDNF, TH and NOS2. Further N-acetylcysteine (NAC) pretreatment to Neuro-2a cells followed by OTA treatment clearly evidenced that, the significant reversal of toxic effects exerted by OTA on Neuro-2a cells. In the present study, results illustrate that ROS a principle event in oxidative stress was elevated by OTA toxicity in Neuro-2a cells. However, further in vivo, animal studies are in need to conclude the present study reports and the use of NAC as a remedy for OTA induced neuronal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratiksha V Bhat
- Biochemistry and Nano Sciences Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory Mysore, India
| | - Pandareesh
- Biochemistry and Nano Sciences Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory Mysore, India
| | - Farhath Khanum
- Biochemistry and Nano Sciences Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory Mysore, India
| | - Anand Tamatam
- Biochemistry and Nano Sciences Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory Mysore, India
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Huang FJ, Chan WH. Effects of ochratoxin a on mouse oocyte maturation and fertilization, and apoptosis during fetal development. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2016; 31:724-735. [PMID: 25504763 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Revised: 11/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported that ochratoxin A (OTA), a mycotoxin found in many foods worldwide, causes nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and immunotoxicity, and is a risk factor for abnormal embryonic development. More specifically, OTA triggers apoptotic processes in the inner cell mass of mouse blastocysts, decreasing cell viability and embryonic development. In the current study, we investigated the deleterious effects of OTA on mouse oocyte maturation, in vitro fertilization (IVF), and subsequent pre- and postimplantation development both in vitro and in vivo. Notably, OTA significantly impaired mouse oocyte maturation, decreased IVF rates, and inhibited subsequent embryonic development in vitro. Preincubation of oocytes with OTA during in vitro maturation increased postimplantation embryonic resorption and decreased mouse fetal weight. In an in vivo animal model, provision of 1-10 μM OTA in the drinking water or intravenous injection of 1 or 2 mg/kg body weight of OTA decreased oocyte maturation and IVF, and had deleterious effects on early embryonic development. Importantly, preincubation of oocytes with a caspase-3-specific inhibitor effectively blocked these OTA-triggered deleterious effects, suggesting that the embryonic injury induced by OTA is mediated via a caspase-dependent apoptotic mechanism. Furthermore, OTA upregulated the levels of p53 and p21 in blastocyst cells derived from OTA-pretreated oocytes, indicating that such cells undergo apoptosis via p53-, p21-, and caspase-3-dependent regulatory mechanisms. This could have deleterious effects on embryonic implantation and fetal survival rates, as seen in our animal models. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 724-735, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Jen Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Chang Gung University School of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hsiung Chan
- Department of Bioscience Technology and Center for Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung Li, Taiwan
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung Li, Taiwan
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Kokina A, Pugajeva I, Bartkevics V. Improved sensitivity of ochratoxin A analysis in coffee using high-performance liquid chromatography with hybrid triple quadrupole-linear ion trap mass spectrometry (LC-QqQLIT-MS/MS). Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2016; 33:693-702. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2016.1152138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Choi J, Polcher A, Joas A. Systematic literature review on Parkinson's disease and Childhood Leukaemia and mode of actions for pesticides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.2903/sp.efsa.2016.en-955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Zhu L, Yu T, Qi X, Yang B, Shi L, Luo H, He X, Huang K, Xu W. miR-122 plays an important role in ochratoxin A-induced hepatocyte apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2016; 5:160-167. [PMID: 30090334 PMCID: PMC6060723 DOI: 10.1039/c5tx00104h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OTA can induce hepatotoxicity. Our previous research has shown that miRNAs play important roles in the OTA-induced hepatotoxicity. And miR-122 is the most abundant miRNA in the liver and is involved in diverse biological processes. This study was performed to clarify the role of miR-122 in OTA-induced hepatotoxicity. The expression levels of miR-122 and the target genes were quantified by real-time PCR. The OTA-induced apoptosis of hepatocyte and HepG2 cells was evaluated using a TUNEL kit, a CCK-8 kit, a flow cytometer and Hoechst 33342. miR-122 was inhibited in HepG2 cells. The results revealed that OTA affected rat hepatocyte apoptosis. miR-122 decreased at 4 weeks but increased at 13 weeks in the OTA-treated livers, and increased in the OTA-treated HepG2 cells; and the mRNA levels of CCNG1 and Bcl-w increased at 4 weeks and decreased at 13 weeks in the high-dose OTA-treatment groups and decreased in HepG2 cells. The apoptosis of HepG2 cells displayed a dose-related increase with OTA. However, the inhibition of miR-122 greatly reduced OTA-induced apoptosis. p53 decreased in vivo and in vitro. miR-122 is a primary effector of OTA-induced hepatocyte apoptosis through the CCNG1/p53 pathway and Bcl-w/caspase-3 pathway in vivo and in vitro. And miR-122 plays an important role in OTA-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liye Zhu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , 100083 , Beijing , China
| | - Tao Yu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , 100083 , Beijing , China
| | - Xiaozhe Qi
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , 100083 , Beijing , China
| | - Bo Yang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , 100083 , Beijing , China
| | - Lei Shi
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , 100083 , Beijing , China
| | - Haoshu Luo
- College of Biological Sciences , China Agricultural University , Beijing , 100083 , China
| | - Xiaoyun He
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , 100083 , Beijing , China
- The Supervision , Inspection and Testing Center of Genetically Modified Organisms , Ministry of Agriculture , Beijing , 100083 , China . ; ; Tel: +(8610)62738793
| | - Kunlun Huang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , 100083 , Beijing , China
- The Supervision , Inspection and Testing Center of Genetically Modified Organisms , Ministry of Agriculture , Beijing , 100083 , China . ; ; Tel: +(8610)62738793
| | - Wentao Xu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , 100083 , Beijing , China
- The Supervision , Inspection and Testing Center of Genetically Modified Organisms , Ministry of Agriculture , Beijing , 100083 , China . ; ; Tel: +(8610)62738793
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Zhang Z, Gan F, Xue H, Liu Y, Huang D, Khan AZ, Chen X, Huang K. Nephropathy and hepatopathy in weaned piglets provoked by natural ochratoxin A and involved mechanisms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 68:205-13. [PMID: 26702942 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) contamination is a worldwide problem in pig industry. The objectives of the present study were to investigate the toxicity of natural OTA in weaned piglets and to further explore the underlying mechanisms. Totally, 36 crossbred ([Landrace × Yorkshire] × Duroc) piglets were randomly divided into 3 groups (three replicates per group, 4 piglets per replicate), and fed a basal diet (Con group) and basal diets added with 0.4 mg (OTA-L group) or 0.8 mg OTA/kg (OTA-H group), respectively for 42 days. The results showed that growth performance was significantly decreased (P<0.05) in OTA added groups compared with Con group. OTA concentration was relatively high in serum and OTA concentration in kidney was higher than in liver, respectively. AST, creatinine and urea in serum of OTA added groups were significantly increased (P<0.05), while glucose, total protein, albumin and globulin in serum of OTA added groups were significantly decreased (P<0.05) compared with Con group. Degenerative changes were observed in the epithelial cells of proximal tubules and in hepatocytes of OTA added groups. Antioxidant capacities in blood of OTA added groups and in kidney of OTA-H group were significantly decreased (P<0.05) compared with Con group. The mRNA expressions of bcl-2 were up-regulated, mRNA expressions of bax were down-regulated and the ratio of bcl-2 and bax was increased in kidney and liver of OTA added groups compared with Con group. In conclusion, OTA could reduce antioxidant capacity and suppress apoptosis in tissues and cause degenerative changes in the epithelial cells in proximal tubules and hepatic cells, which may have a negative effect on the growth performance of piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheqian Zhang
- Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China.
| | - Fang Gan
- Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China.
| | - Hongxia Xue
- Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China.
| | - Yunhuan Liu
- Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China.
| | - Da Huang
- Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China.
| | - Alam Zeb Khan
- Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China.
| | - Xingxiang Chen
- Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China.
| | - Kehe Huang
- Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China.
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Gayathri L, Dhivya R, Dhanasekaran D, Periasamy VS, Alshatwi AA, Akbarsha MA. Hepatotoxic effect of ochratoxin A and citrinin, alone and in combination, and protective effect of vitamin E: In vitro study in HepG2 cell. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 83:151-63. [PMID: 26111808 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) and citrinin (CTN) are the most commonly co-occurring mycotoxins in a wide variety of food and feed commodities. The major target organ of these toxins is kidney but liver could also be a target organ. The combined toxicity of these two toxins in kidney cells has been studied but not in liver cell. In this study HepG2 cells were exposed to OTA and CTN, alone and in combination, with a view to compare the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying OTA, CTN and OTA + CTN hepatotoxicity. OTA and CTN alone as well as in combination affected the viability of HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. OTA + CTN, at a dose of 20% of IC50 of each, produced effect almost similar to that produced by either of the toxins at its IC50 concentration, indicating that the two toxins in combination act synergistically. The cytotoxicity of OTA + CTN on hepatocytes is mediated by increased level of intracellular ROS followed/accompanied by DNA strand breaks and mitochondria-mediated intrinsic apoptosis. Co-treatment of vitamin E (Vit E) with OTA, CTN and OTA + CTN reduced the levels of ROS and the cytotoxicity. But the genotoxic effect of OTA and OTA + CTN was not completely alleviated by Vit E treatment whereas the DNA damage as caused by CTN when treated alone was obviated, indicating that OTA induces DNA damage directly whereas CTN induces ROS-mediated DNA damage and OTA + CTN combination induces DNA damage not exclusively relying on but influenced by ROS generation. Taken together, these findings indicate that OTA and CTN in combination affect hepatocytes at very low concentrations and, thereby, pose a potential threat to public and animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loganathan Gayathri
- Department of Microbiology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India; Mahatma Gandhi-Doerenkamp Center, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India
| | - Rajakumar Dhivya
- Mahatma Gandhi-Doerenkamp Center, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India
| | | | - Vaiyapuri S Periasamy
- Nanobiotechnology and Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali A Alshatwi
- Nanobiotechnology and Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad A Akbarsha
- Mahatma Gandhi-Doerenkamp Center, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India; Nanobiotechnology and Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Morris G, Berk M, Walder K, Maes M. The Putative Role of Viruses, Bacteria, and Chronic Fungal Biotoxin Exposure in the Genesis of Intractable Fatigue Accompanied by Cognitive and Physical Disability. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:2550-71. [PMID: 26081141 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9262-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Patients who present with severe intractable apparently idiopathic fatigue accompanied by profound physical and or cognitive disability present a significant therapeutic challenge. The effect of psychological counseling is limited, with significant but very slight improvements in psychometric measures of fatigue and disability but no improvement on scientific measures of physical impairment compared to controls. Similarly, exercise regimes either produce significant, but practically unimportant, benefit or provoke symptom exacerbation. Many such patients are afforded the exclusionary, non-specific diagnosis of chronic fatigue syndrome if rudimentary testing fails to discover the cause of their symptoms. More sophisticated investigations often reveal the presence of a range of pathogens capable of establishing life-long infections with sophisticated immune evasion strategies, including Parvoviruses, HHV6, variants of Epstein-Barr, Cytomegalovirus, Mycoplasma, and Borrelia burgdorferi. Other patients have a history of chronic fungal or other biotoxin exposure. Herein, we explain the epigenetic factors that may render such individuals susceptible to the chronic pathology induced by such agents, how such agents induce pathology, and, indeed, how such pathology can persist and even amplify even when infections have cleared or when biotoxin exposure has ceased. The presence of active, reactivated, or even latent Herpes virus could be a potential source of intractable fatigue accompanied by profound physical and or cognitive disability in some patients, and the same may be true of persistent Parvovirus B12 and mycoplasma infection. A history of chronic mold exposure is a feasible explanation for such symptoms, as is the presence of B. burgdorferi. The complex tropism, life cycles, genetic variability, and low titer of many of these pathogens makes their detection in blood a challenge. Examination of lymphoid tissue or CSF in such circumstances may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerwyn Morris
- Tir Na Nog, Bryn Road seaside 87, Llanelli, SA15 2LW, Wales, UK
| | - Michael Berk
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.,Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Ken Walder
- Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Michael Maes
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia. .,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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41
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Singh VK, Upadhyay RS. Fusaric acid induced cell death and changes in oxidative metabolism of Solanum lycopersicum L. BOTANICAL STUDIES 2014; 55:66. [PMID: 28510945 PMCID: PMC5432760 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-014-0066-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fusaric acid (FA) has been shown to stimulate the rapid development of disease symptoms, such as necrosis and foliar desiccation. In this study, we have evaluated the phytotoxicity of FA on tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.). FA induced necrotic lesions in detached leaves, which are reminiscent of hypersensitive response (HR) lesions induced by plant-pathogen interactions and other abiotic stress factors. RESULTS FA-treated tomato leaves exhibited visible necrotic lesion as a result of cell death which was evident by Evans blue staining, enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and DNA degradation. Changes in the generation of O2.- and H2O2 as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) were examined in FA-treated tomato leaves. It was observed that FA exposure stimulated oxidative burst in the leaves, resulting in a lasting activation of O2.- and H2O2 production. After first day of FA application, the H2O2 scavenging enzymes CAT and APX showed a strong activity decrease followed by gradual recovery to the control level after 2 and 3 days. CONCLUSION A concomitant increase in ROS production, the down regulation of antioxidative enzymes activities and upregulation of lipid peroxidation were crucial for the onset of cell death. These results suggested that FA-induced damage might result from ROS pathways. Thus, our experiments provide a useful model plant system for research on FA-induced plant cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kumar Singh
- Laboratory of Mycopathology and Microbial Technology, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005 India
| | - Ram Sanmukh Upadhyay
- Laboratory of Mycopathology and Microbial Technology, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005 India
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42
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Paradells S, Rocamonde B, Llinares C, Herranz-Pérez V, Jimenez M, Garcia-Verdugo JM, Zipancic I, Soria JM, Garcia-Esparza MA. Neurotoxic effects of ochratoxin A on the subventricular zone of adult mouse brain. J Appl Toxicol 2014; 35:737-51. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Paradells
- Facultad Ciencias de la Salud; Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera; Avda Seminario 46113 Moncada Valencia Spain
| | - Brenda Rocamonde
- Facultad Ciencias de la Salud; Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera; Avda Seminario 46113 Moncada Valencia Spain
| | - Cristina Llinares
- Facultad Ciencias de la Salud; Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera; Avda Seminario 46113 Moncada Valencia Spain
| | - Vicente Herranz-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Comparada, Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva; Universitat de València; 46980 Paterna Valencia, CIBERNED Spain
- Unidad mixta de Esclerosis múltiple y neurorregeneración; IIS Hospital La Fe-UVEG; 46013 Valencia Spain
| | - Misericordia Jimenez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología; Universitat de València; Burjassot Spain
| | - Jose Manuel Garcia-Verdugo
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Comparada, Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva; Universitat de València; 46980 Paterna Valencia, CIBERNED Spain
- Unidad mixta de Esclerosis múltiple y neurorregeneración; IIS Hospital La Fe-UVEG; 46013 Valencia Spain
| | - Ivan Zipancic
- Facultad Ciencias de la Salud; Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera; Avda Seminario 46113 Moncada Valencia Spain
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera; Avda. Seminario 46113 Moncada Valencia Spain
| | - Jose Miguel Soria
- Facultad Ciencias de la Salud; Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera; Avda Seminario 46113 Moncada Valencia Spain
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera; Avda. Seminario 46113 Moncada Valencia Spain
| | - Ma. Angeles Garcia-Esparza
- Facultad Ciencias de la Salud; Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera; Avda Seminario 46113 Moncada Valencia Spain
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera; Avda. Seminario 46113 Moncada Valencia Spain
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43
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Repeated exposure to Ochratoxin A generates a neuroinflammatory response, characterized by neurodegenerative M1 microglial phenotype. Neurotoxicology 2014; 44:61-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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44
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Selenium supplementation shows protective effects against patulin-induced brain damage in mice via increases in GSH-related enzyme activity and expression. Life Sci 2014; 109:37-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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45
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Wang Y, Zhao W, Hao J, Xu W, Luo Y, Wu W, Yang Z, Liang Z, Huang K. Changes in biosynthesis and metabolism of glutathione upon ochratoxin A stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2014; 79:10-18. [PMID: 24662377 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is one of the most toxic mycotoxins, which is toxic to plants and simulates oxidative stress. Glutathione is an important antioxidant in plants and is closely associated with detoxification in cells. We have previously shown that OTA exposure induces obvious expression differences in genes associated with glutathione metabolism. To characterize glutathione metabolism and understand its role in OTA phytotoxicity, we observed the accumulation of GSH in the detached leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana under OTA treatment. OTA stimulated a defense response through enhancing glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase activities, and the transcript levels of these enzymes were increased to maintain the total glutathione content. Moreover, the level of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) was increased and the ascorbate-glutathione cycle fluctuated in response to OTA. The depletion of glutathione using buthionine sulfoximine (BSO, inhibitor of glutamate-cysteine ligase) had no profound effect on OTA toxicity, as glutathione was regenerated through the ascorbate-glutathione cycle to maintain the total glutathione content. The ROS, MDA and GSH accumulation was significantly affected in the mutant gsh1, gr1 and gpx2 after treatment with OTA, which indicated that glutathione metabolism is directly involved in the oxidative stress response of Arabidopsis thaliana subjected to OTA. In conclusion, date demonstrate that glutathione-associated metabolism is closely related with OTA stress and glutathione play a role in resistance of Arabidopsis subjected to OTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Laboratory of Food Safety and Molecular Biology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China; Institute of Agro-products Processing Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Weiwei Zhao
- Laboratory of Food Safety and Molecular Biology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Junran Hao
- Laboratory of Food Safety and Molecular Biology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Wentao Xu
- Laboratory of Food Safety and Molecular Biology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China; The Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center of Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Yunbo Luo
- Laboratory of Food Safety and Molecular Biology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China; The Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center of Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Weihong Wu
- Laboratory of Food Safety and Molecular Biology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Zhuojun Yang
- The Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center of Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Zhihong Liang
- The Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center of Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Kunlun Huang
- Laboratory of Food Safety and Molecular Biology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China; The Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center of Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, PR China
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46
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Zhang B, Shen XL, Liang R, Li Y, Huang K, Zhao C, Luo Y, Xu W. Protective role of the mitochondrial Lon protease 1 in ochratoxin A-induced cytotoxicity in HEK293 cells. J Proteomics 2014; 101:154-68. [PMID: 24565693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a common kind of mycotoxin and food contaminant, which has various toxicological effects, especially nephrotoxicity. Our previous work about OTA-induced renal cytotoxicity indicated that mitochondrial Lon Protease 1 (Lonp1) might play a protective role. Lonp1 is a multifunctional ATP-dependent protease which mainly participates in mitochondrial proteolysis and protein quality control. The study aimed at probing how Lonp1 functioned in OTA-induced renal cytotoxicity. By means of RNA interference, we down-regulated the expression of Lonp1 in HEK293 cells. Cell viability results revealed that cells with Lonp1 deficiency were more vulnerable to OTA. Then we identified differentially expressed proteins between Lonp1 knock-down cells and scrambled control both in the absence and presence of OTA, using iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics approach. Thirty-four proteins were differentially expressed as a result of Lonp1 deficiency, while forty-four proteins were differentially expressed in response to both Lonp1 deficiency and OTA treatment. By function summary and pathway analysis, we presumed that Lonp1 realized its protective function in the resistance to OTA-induced renal cytotoxicity via 4 processes: defensing against OTA-induced oxidative stress in the mitochondria; regulating protein synthesis, modification and repair; maintaining the balance of carbohydrate metabolism; and assisting in mtDNA maintenance. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OTA is a kind of mycotoxin that seriously threatens human health and has various toxicological effects. However, the mechanisms of its toxicity have not been exactly elucidated yet. The method of combination of RNAi and iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics paves the way to gain a better understanding of the toxicity mechanisms of OTA. The present study, for the first time, verified the protective role of Lonp1 in OTA-induced renal cytotoxicity and clarified the defensive mechanism. Proteomic changes in Lonp1 deficient cells induced by OTA added new knowledge to OTA cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyang Zhang
- Laboratory of food safety and Molecular Biology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Xiao Li Shen
- Laboratory of food safety and Molecular Biology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China; School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, PR China
| | - Rui Liang
- Laboratory of food safety and Molecular Biology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Yuzhe Li
- Laboratory of food safety and Molecular Biology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Kunlun Huang
- Laboratory of food safety and Molecular Biology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Changhui Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Yunbo Luo
- Laboratory of food safety and Molecular Biology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Wentao Xu
- Laboratory of food safety and Molecular Biology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
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47
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Goyary D, Chattopadhyay P, Giri S, Aher V, Upadhyay A, Veer V. Ochratoxin A induces cytotoxicity, DNA damage and apoptosis in rat hepatocyte primary cell culture at nanomolar concentration. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2014. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2013.1627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA), a mycotoxin produced by several species of Aspergillus and Penicillum, is widely found as a contaminant of food. OTA exhibits a wide range of toxic activities, including nephro- and hepatotoxicity. Although the mechanisms of its genotoxicity and carcinogenicity have been studied before, many controversial results have been published. In addition, the studies were mostly conducted with kidney cells. Therefore, the present study used a primary culture of Wistar rat hepatocytes incubated with increasing concentrations of OTA (2.0-6.0 nanomolar). OTA treatment showed dose-dependent cytotoxicity and DNA damage. Further, flow cytometric analysis of hepatocytes showed dose-dependent apoptosis, suggesting that OTA-induced hepatotoxicity is, may be partly, mediated by apoptosis. Vascular endothelial growth factor gene, a potent pro-angiogenic in hepatocellular carcinoma and responsible for hepatocyte regeneration, did not show any change with OTA treatment, as analysed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Thus, the present data indicated OTA-induced rat hepatotoxicity in vitro at nanomolar concentration, which inferred a major possible target other than kidney cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Goyary
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory, Post Bag No.2, Tezpur 784 001, Assam, India
| | - P. Chattopadhyay
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory, Post Bag No.2, Tezpur 784 001, Assam, India
| | - S. Giri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Gupta College of Technological Science, Ashram more, G.T. Road, Asansol 713 301, West Bengal, India
| | - V. Aher
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory, Post Bag No.2, Tezpur 784 001, Assam, India
| | - A. Upadhyay
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory, Post Bag No.2, Tezpur 784 001, Assam, India
| | - V. Veer
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory, Post Bag No.2, Tezpur 784 001, Assam, India
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48
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Effect of different roasting levels and particle sizes on ochratoxin A concentration in coffee beans. Food Control 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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49
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Ochratoxin-induced toxicity, oxidative stress and apoptosis ameliorated by quercetin – Modulation by Nrf2. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 62:205-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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50
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Afsah-Hejri L, Jinap S, Hajeb P, Radu S, Shakibazadeh S. A Review on Mycotoxins in Food and Feed: Malaysia Case Study. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2013; 12:629-651. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Afsah-Hejri
- Food Safety Research Centre (FOSREC); Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Univ. Putra Malaysia; 43400 UPM; Serdang; Selangor; Malaysia
| | - S. Jinap
- Food Safety Research Centre (FOSREC); Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Univ. Putra Malaysia; 43400 UPM; Serdang; Selangor; Malaysia
| | - P. Hajeb
- Food Safety Research Centre (FOSREC); Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Univ. Putra Malaysia; 43400 UPM; Serdang; Selangor; Malaysia
| | - S. Radu
- Food Safety Research Centre (FOSREC); Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Univ. Putra Malaysia; 43400 UPM; Serdang; Selangor; Malaysia
| | - Sh. Shakibazadeh
- Dept. of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture; Univ. Putra Malaysia; 43400, UPM Serdang; Selangor; Malaysia
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