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He Z, Wang Y, Han L, Hu Y, Cong X. The mechanism and application of traditional Chinese medicine extracts in the treatment of lung cancer and other lung-related diseases. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1330518. [PMID: 38125887 PMCID: PMC10731464 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1330518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer stands as one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide, bearing the highest morbidity and mortality rates among all malignant tumors. The treatment of lung cancer primarily encompasses surgical procedures, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, which are fraught with significant side effects, unfavorable prognoses, and a heightened risk of metastasis and relapse. Although targeted therapy and immunotherapy have gradually gained prominence in lung cancer treatment, diversifying the array of available methods, the overall recovery and survival rates for lung cancer patients remain suboptimal. Presently, with a holistic approach and a focus on syndrome differentiation and treatment, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has emerged as a pivotal player in the prognosis of cancer patients. TCM possesses characteristics such as targeting multiple aspects, addressing a wide range of concerns, and minimizing toxic side effects. Research demonstrates that Traditional Chinese Medicine can significantly contribute to the treatment or serve as an adjunct to chemotherapy for lung cancer and other lung-related diseases. This is achieved through mechanisms like inhibiting tumor cell proliferation, inducing tumor cell apoptosis, suppressing tumor angiogenesis, influencing the cellular microenvironment, regulating immune system function, impacting signal transduction pathways, and reversing multidrug resistance in tumor cells. In this article, we offer an overview of the advancements in research concerning Traditional Chinese Medicine extracts for the treatment or adjunctive chemotherapy of lung cancer and other lung-related conditions. Furthermore, we delve into the challenges that Traditional Chinese Medicine extracts face in lung cancer treatment, laying the foundation for the development of diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenglin He
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yihan Wang
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Liang Han
- Department of Pathology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yue Hu
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Biobank, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xianling Cong
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Biobank, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Wang X, Zhang C, Bao N. Molecular mechanism of palmitic acid and its derivatives in tumor progression. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1224125. [PMID: 37637038 PMCID: PMC10447256 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1224125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Palmitic acid (PA) is a saturated fatty acid commonly found in coconut oil and palm oil. It serves as an energy source for the body and plays a role in the structure and function of cell membranes. Beyond its industrial applications, PA has gained attention for its potential therapeutic properties. Modern pharmacological studies have demonstrated that PA exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immune-enhancing effects. In recent years, PA has emerged as a promising anti-tumor agent with demonstrated efficacy against various malignancies including gastric cancer, liver cancer, cervical cancer, breast cancer, and colorectal cancer. Its anti-tumor effects encompass inducing apoptosis in tumor cells, inhibiting tumor cell proliferation, suppressing metastasis and invasion, enhancing sensitivity to chemotherapy, and improving immune function. The main anticancer mechanism of palmitic acid (PA) involves the induction of cell apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway, facilitated by the promotion of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. PA also exhibits interference with the cancer cell cycle, leading to cell cycle arrest predominantly in the G1 phase. Moreover, PA induces programmed cell autophagy death, inhibits cell migration, invasion, and angiogenesis, and synergistically enhances the efficacy of chemotherapy drugs while reducing adverse reactions. PA acts on various intracellular and extracellular targets, modulating tumor cell signaling pathways, including the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt), endoplasmic reticulum (ER), B Cell Lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), P53, and other signaling pathways. Furthermore, derivatives of PA play a significant regulatory role in tumor resistance processes. This paper provides a comprehensive review of recent studies investigating the anti-tumor effects of PA. It summarizes the underlying mechanisms through which PA exerts its anti-tumor effects, aiming to inspire new perspectives for the treatment of malignant tumors in clinical settings and the development of novel anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xitan Wang
- Hospital of Weifang Medical University, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Chaonan Zhang
- Hospital of Weifang Medical University, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Na Bao
- Jining First People’s Hospital, Jining, Shandong, China
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Network Pharmacology Integrated Molecular Docking to Explore the Mechanism of Blister Beetle Therapy for Lung Adenocarcinoma. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2022; 2022:1892384. [PMID: 35909589 PMCID: PMC9303499 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1892384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is one of the major causes of cancer death in the world. Studies show that the effective anticancer component in blister beetles is cantharidin, which can improve chemotherapy efficacy, median survival, and prognosis of LUAD. However, the antitumor mechanism of blister beetles has not been fully clarified. This study aimed to identify the key targets of the treatment of LUAD by blister beetles based on the principle of network pharmacology. An integrated approach including network pharmacology and a molecular docking technique was conducted, which mainly comprises target prediction, weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) analysis, network construction, gene ontology, and pathway enrichment analysis. 35 key targets were obtained and significantly associated with response to external stimuli, collagen binding, cyclin binding, organic acid binding, pyruvate metabolism, glycolysis, and amino acid biosynthesis pathways. Both LASSO regression and the RF model had a high predictive ability, and 9 candidate genes were screened, among which BIRC5 and PLK1 were the key targets for the treatment of LUAD by using blister beetles and showed significant survival significance. Cantharidin exerts its antitumor effects through 8 targets in 32 pathways, while BIRC5 and PLK1 have obvious survival significance.
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Zedan AMG, Sakran MI, Bahattab O, Hawsawi YM, Al-Amer O, Oyouni AAA, Nasr Eldeen SK, El-Magd MA. Oriental Hornet ( Vespa orientalis) Larval Extracts Induce Antiproliferative, Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anti-Migratory Effects on MCF7 Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:3303. [PMID: 34072744 PMCID: PMC8198668 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of insects as a feasible and useful natural product resource is a novel and promising option in alternative medicine. Several components from insects and their larvae have been found to inhibit molecular pathways in different stages of cancer. This study aimed to analyze the effect of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Vespa orientalis larvae on breast cancer MCF7 cells and investigate the underlying mechanisms. Our results showed that individual treatment with 5% aqueous or alcoholic larval extract inhibited MCF7 proliferation but had no cytotoxic effect on normal Vero cells. The anticancer effect was mediated through (1) induction of apoptosis, as indicated by increased expression of apoptotic genes (Bax, caspase3, and p53) and decreased expression of the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl2; (2) suppression of intracellular reactive oxygen species; (3) elevation of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, and GPx) and upregulation of the antioxidant regulator Nrf2 and its downstream target HO-1; (4) inhibition of migration as revealed by in vitro wound healing assay and downregulation of the migration-related gene MMP9 and upregulation of the anti-migratory gene TIMP1; and (5) downregulation of inflammation-related genes (NFκB and IL8). The aqueous extract exhibited the best anticancer effect with higher antioxidant activities but lower anti-inflammatory properties than the alcoholic extract. HPLC analysis revealed the presence of several flavonoids and phenolic compounds with highest concentrations for resveratrol and naringenin in aqueous extract and rosmarinic acid in alcoholic extract. This is the first report to explain the intracellular pathway by which flavonoids and phenolic compounds-rich extracts of Vespa orientalis larvae could induce MCF7 cell viability loss through the initiation of apoptosis, activation of antioxidants, and inhibition of migration and inflammation. Therefore, these extracts could be used as adjuvants for anticancer drugs and as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina M. G. Zedan
- Biological and Environmental Sciences Department, Home Economic Faculty, Al Azhar University, Tanta 31732, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed I. Sakran
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia;
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31512, Egypt
| | - Omar Bahattab
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Yousef M. Hawsawi
- Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, MBC J04, Jeddah 21499, Saudi Arabia;
- College of Medicine, Al-Faisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama Al-Amer
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia;
- Genome and Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Atif A. A. Oyouni
- Genome and Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohammed A. El-Magd
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
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Antitumor potential of the protein phosphatase inhibitor, cantharidin, and selected derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 32:116012. [PMID: 33454654 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cantharidin is a potent natural protein phosphatase monoterpene anhydride inhibitor secreted by several species of blister beetle, with its demethylated anhydride analogue, (S)-palasonin, occurring as a constituent of the higher plant Butea frondosa. Cantharidin shows both potent protein phosphatase inhibitory and cancer cell cytotoxic activities, but possible preclinical development of this anhydride has been limited thus far by its toxicity. Thus, several synthetic derivatives of cantharidin have been prepared, of which some compounds exhibit improved antitumor potential and may have use as lead compounds. In the present review, the potential antitumor activity, structure-activity relationships, and development of cantharidin-based anticancer drug conjugates are summarized, with protein phosphatase-related and other types of mechanisms of action discussed. Protein phosphatases play a key role in the tumor microenvironment, and thus described herein is also the potential for developing new tumor microenvironment-targeted cancer chemotherapeutic agents, based on cantharidin and its naturally occurring analogues and synthetic derivatives.
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El-Garawani I, El-Seedi H, Khalifa S, El Azab IH, Abouhendia M, Mahmoud S. Enhanced Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Potentials of Lipopolysaccharides-Injected Musca domestica Larvae. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E1111. [PMID: 33227988 PMCID: PMC7699146 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The usage of insects as a sustainable and functional natural products resource is a new promise in complementary and alternative medicine. The present study aimed to investigate the ability of Musca domestica (housefly) larval hemolymph (insect blood) to display the enhanced in vitro antioxidant and cytotoxic effects. The oxidative stress (OS) was elicited by inducing lipopolysaccharides (LPS) treatment as an exogenous stressor. Determination of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and mRNA and protein expressions of SOD1, was investigated as confirmatory markers of oxidative stress induction. Cytotoxicity on cancerous MCF-7 and normal Vero cells were also evaluated using an MTT assay at 24 h post-injection. The injection of LPS induced a significant (p < 0.05) increase in SOD, GSH and TAC, whereas, the MDA was diminished. Hemolymph was collected from normal and treated larvae after 6, 12 and 24 h. The M. domestica superoxide dismutase (MdSOD1) transcripts were significantly (p < 0.05) upregulated 6 and 12 h post-treatment, while a significant downregulation was observed after 24 h. Western blot analysis showed that MdSOD1 was expressed in the hemolymph of the treated larvae with an increase of 1.2 folds at 6 and 12 h and 1.6 folds at 24 h relative to the control group. LPS-treated larval hemolymphs exhibited significant cytotoxicity with respect to the untreated ones against MCF-7 while Vero cells showed no cytotoxicity for both hemolymphs. The DPPH free radical scavenging activity was examined and a significant antioxidant potential potency was observed at 6 h (50% maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50): 63.3 ± 3.51 µg/mL) when compared to the control M. domestica larval hemolymph (IC50: 611.7 ± 10.41 µg/mL). Taken together, M. domestica larval hemolymph exhibited enhanced antioxidant and consequently increased cytotoxic capacities under stressed conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam El-Garawani
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Menoufia 32511, Egypt; (M.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Hesham El-Seedi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Menoufia 32511, Egypt
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Shaden Khalifa
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Islam H. El Azab
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
- On Leave from Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Aswan, P.O. Box 81528, Aswan 81528, Egypt
| | - Marwa Abouhendia
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Menoufia 32511, Egypt; (M.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Shaymaa Mahmoud
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Menoufia 32511, Egypt; (M.A.); (S.M.)
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Noble K, Rohaj A, Abegglen LM, Schiffman JD. Cancer therapeutics inspired by defense mechanisms in the animal kingdom. Evol Appl 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/eva.12963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Noble
- Huntsman Cancer Institute University of Utah Salt Lake City Utah
| | - Aarushi Rohaj
- Huntsman Cancer Institute University of Utah Salt Lake City Utah
| | - Lisa M. Abegglen
- Huntsman Cancer Institute University of Utah Salt Lake City Utah
- Department of Pediatrics University of Utah Salt Lake City Utah
| | - Joshua D. Schiffman
- Huntsman Cancer Institute University of Utah Salt Lake City Utah
- Department of Pediatrics University of Utah Salt Lake City Utah
- PEEL Therapeutics, Inc. Salt Lake City Utah
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Yao H, Zhao J, Wang Z, Lv J, Du G, Jin Y, Zhang Y, Song S, Han G. Enhanced anticancer efficacy of cantharidin by mPEG-PLGA micellar encapsulation: An effective strategy for application of a poisonous traditional Chinese medicine. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 196:111285. [PMID: 32771818 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Cantharidin (CTD), the main active component of a poisonous traditional Chinese medicine (PTCM) Mylabris, exhibits highly effective therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, the severe toxicity of CTD on the digestive and urinary systems prevents its clinical application. Here, CTD-loaded micelles (mPEG-PLGA-CTD) were prepared for enhancement of the antitumor efficacy and reduction of the toxicity of CTD. mPEG-PLGA-CTD comprised uniform spherical particles with particle size of 25.32 ± 1.25 nm and zeta potential of -5.70 ± 0.76 mV, exhibiting good stability and biocompatibility. mPEG-PLGA-CTD showed high toxicity on HepG2 cells by improving apoptosis and inhibiting protein phosphatases 2A (PP2A) compared to the low toxicity on l-02 hepatocytes. Intravenous injection of mPEG-PLGA-CTD led to a long circulation half-life of drugs, enhanced drug accumulation in the tumor tissues, and reduced drug accumulation in the other organs (e.g., the kidney) due to the enhanced permeability and retention effect compared to injection of free CTD; more importantly, the highly efficient antitumor effect and low systemic toxicity were achieved. A micellar formulation is very useful for enhancement of therapeutic efficacy and reduction of systemic toxicity of PTCMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailu Yao
- Institute of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Junli Zhao
- Institute of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Institute of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Jinwei Lv
- Institute of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Gangjun Du
- Institute of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Yiguang Jin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Institute of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
| | - Shiyong Song
- Institute of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
| | - Guang Han
- Institute of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
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Naz F, Wu Y, Zhang N, Yang Z, Yu C. Anticancer Attributes of Cantharidin: Involved Molecular Mechanisms and Pathways. Molecules 2020; 25:E3279. [PMID: 32707651 PMCID: PMC7397086 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a preeminent threat to the human race, causing millions of deaths each year on the Earth. Traditionally, natural compounds are deemed promising agents for cancer treatment. Cantharidin (CTD)-a terpenoid isolated from blister beetles-has been used extensively in traditional Chinese medicines for healing various maladies and cancer. CTD has been proven to be protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF-1) inhibitor, which can be potential targets for its anticancer activity. Albeit, it harbors some toxicities, its immense anticancer potential cannot be overlooked, as the cancer-specific delivery of CTD could help to rescue its lethal effects. Furthermore, several derivatives have been designed to weaken its toxicity. In light of extensive research, the antitumor activity of CTD is evident in both in vitro as well as in vivo cancer models. CTD has also proven efficacious in combination with chemotherapy and radiotherapy and it can also target some drug-resistant cancer cells. This mini-review endeavors to interpret and summarize recent information about CTD anticancer potential and underlying molecular mechanisms. The pertinent anticancer strength of CTD could be employed to develop an effective anticarcinogenic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zhao Yang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; (F.N.); (Y.W.); (N.Z.)
| | - Changyuan Yu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; (F.N.); (Y.W.); (N.Z.)
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Liu YY, Zhou ZC, Chen XS. Characterization of the Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Epicauta impressicornis (Coleoptera: Meloidae) and Its Phylogenetic Implications for the Infraorder Cucujiformia. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2020; 20:16. [PMID: 32302386 PMCID: PMC7164779 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieaa021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Epicauta impressicornis Pic (Coleoptera: Meloidae) was determined. The circular genome is 15,713-bp long, and encodes 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, and a control region (CR). The 13 PCGs start with the typical ATN codon and terminate with the typical stop codon TAA (ND2, ND4L, ND6, ATP6, ATP8, and CYTB), TAG (ND1 and ND3), and T- (COX1, COX2, COX3, ND4, and ND5). The two rRNA genes (rrn12S and rrn16S) are encoded on the minority strand. All tRNAs genes except trnS1 (AGN) are predicted to fold into the typical cloverleaf structure. The longest overlap (10 bp) is observed between ATP8 and ATP6. CR mainly harbors a conserved poly-T stretch (15 bp), a short repeat unit (17 bp), some universal microsatellite-like repeats, and a canonical poly-A tail. Phylogenetic analysis using Bayesian inferences and maximum likelihood based on nucleotide and corresponding amino acid sequences of the 13 PCGs showed that E. impressicornis is closely related to E. chinensis, this relationship is and supported within Cucujiformia belonging to Meloidae (Tenebrionoidea). Our results further confirmed the monophyly of Tenebrionoidea, Lymexyloidea, Curculionoidea, Chrysomeloidea, Cucujoidea, Coccinelloidea, and Cleroidea within Cucujiformia, and revealed the sister relationships of (Cleroidea + Coccinelloidea), (Lymexyloidea + Tenebrionoidea), and ((Chrysomeloidea + Cucujoidea) + Curculionoidea). We believe that the complete mitogenome of E. impressicornis will contribute to further studies on molecular bases for the classification and phylogeny of Meloidae or even Cucujiformia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Yang Liu
- Institute of Entomology and Special Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Insect Resources of Guizhou, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhi-Cheng Zhou
- Institute of Entomology and Special Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Insect Resources of Guizhou, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiang-Sheng Chen
- Institute of Entomology and Special Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Insect Resources of Guizhou, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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Song M, Wang X, Luo Y, Liu Z, Tan W, Ye P, Fu Z, Lu F, Xiang W, Tang L, Yao L, Nie Y, Xiao J. Cantharidin suppresses gastric cancer cell migration/invasion by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway via CCAT1. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 317:108939. [PMID: 31945315 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.108939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cantharidin (CTD) is a traditional Chinese medicine that shows an anticancer effects in multiple types of cancer cells. However, the mechanism of CTD anti-cancer function in gastric cancer (GC) is still unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the underlying mechanism that CTD inhibits proliferation and migration through suppression of the PI3K/Akt signaling. CTD induced GC cell apoptosis and inhibited metastasis measured by CCK8 assays as well as wound healing assays and transwell assays. Mechanistic investigations suggested that CTD modulated the PI3K/Akt signaling via western-blot and quantitative q-PCR. In addition, we identified and confirmed CCAT1 as a novel direct target of CTD inhibited PI3K/AKt signaling expression. In conclusion, our results provide new point into the critical role of CTD in suppressing PI3K/Akt signaling via down-regulation of CCAT1, resulting in suppression GC cell growth and migration/invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyun Song
- The Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China; Nankai University, School of Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianfei Wang
- The Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajun Luo
- The Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zilin Liu
- The Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Tan
- The Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengcheng Ye
- The Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiming Fu
- The Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery 1, Hainan general hospital, Haikou, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Lu
- The Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanping Xiang
- The Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Linghan Tang
- The Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Yao
- The Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqiang Nie
- The Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangwei Xiao
- The Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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Zhao C, Jia J, Wang X, Luo C, Wang Y. Synthesis of Norcantharidin Complex Salts. J Heterocycl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Changkuo Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of EducationZunyi Medical University No. 6 Xue Fu West Road, Xin Pu New District Zunyi 563003 Guizhou China
| | - Jia Jia
- Department of Pharmacology and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of EducationZunyi Medical University No. 6 Xue Fu West Road, Xin Pu New District Zunyi 563003 Guizhou China
| | - Xianheng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of EducationZunyi Medical University No. 6 Xue Fu West Road, Xin Pu New District Zunyi 563003 Guizhou China
| | - Canmin Luo
- Department of Pharmacology and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of EducationZunyi Medical University No. 6 Xue Fu West Road, Xin Pu New District Zunyi 563003 Guizhou China
| | - Yuhe Wang
- Department of PharmacyZunyi Medical University Affiliated Hospital 149 Dalian Road Zunyi 563003 Guizhou China
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Qu J, Liu B, Li B, Du G, Li Y, Wang J, He L, Wan X. TRIB3 suppresses proliferation and invasion and promotes apoptosis of endometrial cancer cells by regulating the AKT signaling pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:2235-2245. [PMID: 30988628 PMCID: PMC6441550 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s189001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to examine the effect of TRIB3 on proliferation, apoptosis, and migration of endometrial cancer (EC) cells and explore the relationship between TRIB3 and AKT signaling pathway in EC progression. Methods Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to measure the expression level of TRIB3 in normal endometrium tissues and EC tissues. Overexpression and shRNA knockdown techniques were applied by transfecting EC cells (ISK and AN3CA), and the effect of TRIB3 on EC cell biological behaviors was evaluated. Cell Counting Kit-8 and colony formation assays were utilized to investigate EC cell proliferation ability, and flow cytometry was performed to assess the apoptosis of EC cells. Moreover, the migration and invasion of EC cells were detected by transwell assay, and the levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were measured by ELISA. Additionally, Western blot analysis was carried out to determine the levels of AKT and p-AKT. Results The expression level of TRIB3 was higher in EC than normal endometrium tissues, and its overexpression promoted apoptosis and suppressed proliferation of EC cells. Furthermore, TRIB3 retarded the migration and invasion of EC cells and decreased the levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Conversely, TRIB3 inhibition enhanced the expression levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9, and proliferation and migration of EC cells but suppressed their apoptosis. Similarly, TRIB3 overexpression reduced while its knockdown increased the level of p-AKT. Conclusion TRIB3 inhibited proliferation and migration and promoted apoptosis of EC cells probably through regulating AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Qu
- Department of Gynaecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 201204, China,
| | - Binya Liu
- Department of Gynaecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 201204, China,
| | - Bilan Li
- Department of Gynaecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 201204, China,
| | - Guiqiang Du
- Department of Gynaecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 201204, China,
| | - Yiran Li
- Department of Gynaecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 201204, China,
| | - Jingyun Wang
- Department of Gynaecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 201204, China,
| | - Laman He
- Department of Gynaecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 201204, China,
| | - Xiaoping Wan
- Department of Gynaecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 201204, China,
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14
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Qiu L, Xu C, Jiang H, Li W, Tong S, Xia H. Cantharidin Attenuates the Proliferation and Migration of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells through Suppressing Inflammatory Response. Biol Pharm Bull 2019; 42:34-42. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b18-00462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Qiu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University
| | - Changwu Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University
| | - Wenjing Li
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Suiyang Tong
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University
| | - Hao Xia
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University
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15
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Cantharidin suppresses HCT116 colorectal carcinoma cell proliferation and migration by changing the cytoskeleton structure. JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICAL SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcms.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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16
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Akter H, Yoon JH, Yoo YS, Kang MJ. Validation of Neurotensin Receptor 1 as a Therapeutic Target for Gastric Cancer. Mol Cells 2018; 41:591-602. [PMID: 29794962 PMCID: PMC6030244 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2018.0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the fifth most common type of malignancy worldwide, and the survival rate of patients with advanced-stage gastric cancer is low, even after receiving chemotherapy. Here, we validated neurotensin receptor 1 (NTSR1) as a potential therapeutic target in gastric cancer. We compared NTSR1 expression levels in sixty different gastric cancer-tissue samples and cells, as well as in other cancer cells (lung, breast, pancreatic, and colon), by assessing NTSR1 expression via semi-quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, immunocytochemistry and western blot. Following neurotensin (NT) treatment, we analyzed the expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and further determined the effects on cell migration and invasion via wound-healing and transwell assays. Our results revealed that NTSR1 mRNA levels were higher in gastric cancer tissues than non-cancerous tissues. Both of NTSR1 mRNA levels and expression were higher in gastric cancer cell lines relative to levels observed in other cancer-cell lines. Moreover, NT treatment induced MMP-9 expression and activity in all cancer cell lines, which was significantly decreased following treatment with the NTSR1 antagonist SR48692 or small-interfering RNA targeting NTSR1. Furthermore, NT-mediated metastases was confirmed by observing epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers SNAIL and E-cadherin in gastric cancer cells. NT-mediated invasion and migration of gastric cancer cells were reduced by NTSR1 depletion through the Erk signaling. These findings strongly suggested that NTR1 constitutes a potential therapeutic target for the inhibition of gastric cancer invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafeza Akter
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792,
Korea
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113,
Korea
| | - Jung Hwan Yoon
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591,
Korea
| | - Young Sook Yoo
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792,
Korea
| | - Min-Jung Kang
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792,
Korea
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113,
Korea
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17
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Can Aidi injection improve overall survival in patients with non-small cell lung cancer? A systematic review and meta-analysis of 25 randomized controlled trials. Complement Ther Med 2018; 37:50-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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18
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Xiao Z, Wang C, Chen L, Tang X, Li L, Li N, Li J, Gong Q, Tang F, Feng J, Li X. Has aidi injection the attenuation and synergistic efficacy to gemcitabine and cisplatin in non-small cell lung cancer? A meta-analysis of 36 randomized controlled trials. Oncotarget 2018; 8:1329-1342. [PMID: 27901493 PMCID: PMC5352058 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gemcitabine and cisplatin is the first line chemotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer with high toxicity. Aidi injection is a cantharidin and astragalu-based Chinese herbs injection in China. Has Aidi injection attenuation and synergistic efficacy to GP in NSCLC? There is lack of strong evidence to prove it. To further reveal it, we systematically evaluated all related studies. We collected all studies about Aidi injection plus GP for NSCLC in Medline, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, VIP, Wanfang Database, CBM, CCRCT, Chi-CTR, and US-clinical trials (established to June 2015). We evaluated their quality according to the Cochrane evaluation handbook of randomized controlled trials (5.1.0), extracted data following the PICO principles and synthesized the data by Meta analysis. Thirty six RCTs with 2582 NSCLC patients were included, with general methodological quality in most trials. The RR values and their 95% CI of Meta-analysis for ORR, DCR and QOL were as following: 1.28 (1.17, 1.39), 1.11(1.07, 1.15) and 1.81 (1.61, 2.03). The merged RD values and their 95% CI of Meta-analysis for myelosuppression, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, neurotoxicity and nausea and vomiting were as following: -0.23(-0.29, -0.17), -0.17(-0.22, -0.11), -0.13(-0.18, -0.08), -0.06(-0.17, 0.05) and -0.15(-0.21, -0.10). To compare with GP alone, all differences were statistically significant. The available evidence indicates that Aidi injection plus GP can significantly increase the clinical efficacy and improve the QOL of patients with NSCLC. Aidi injection can reduce myelosuppression, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia neurotoxicity and nausea/vomiting. These indirectly reveal that Aidi injection has the attenuation and synergistic efficacy to GP chemotherapy in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Xiao
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, MOE Virtual Research Center of Evidence-based Medicine at Zunyi Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi 563003, Guizhou, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine (Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine of Major Infectious Diseases), Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi 563003, Guizhou, China
| | - Chengqiong Wang
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, MOE Virtual Research Center of Evidence-based Medicine at Zunyi Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi 563003, Guizhou, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine (Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine of Major Infectious Diseases), Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi 563003, Guizhou, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, MOE Virtual Research Center of Evidence-based Medicine at Zunyi Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi 563003, Guizhou, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine (Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine of Major Infectious Diseases), Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi 563003, Guizhou, China
| | - Xuemei Tang
- Grade 2012 Students, Department of Public Health, Zunyi Medical College. Zunyi 563002, Guizhou, China
| | - Lianhong Li
- Grade 2012 Students, Department of Public Health, Zunyi Medical College. Zunyi 563002, Guizhou, China
| | - Nana Li
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, MOE Virtual Research Center of Evidence-based Medicine at Zunyi Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi 563003, Guizhou, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine (Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine of Major Infectious Diseases), Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi 563003, Guizhou, China
| | - Jing Li
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, MOE Virtual Research Center of Evidence-based Medicine at Zunyi Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi 563003, Guizhou, China.,Department of Neurology, First People's Hospital of Zunyi City and Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi 563002, Guizhou, China
| | - Qihai Gong
- School of pharmacy, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi 563003, Guizhou, China
| | - Fushan Tang
- School of pharmacy, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi 563003, Guizhou, China
| | - Jihong Feng
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Department of Parasites, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi 563003, Guizhou, China
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19
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Liu YP, Li L, Xu L, Dai EN, Chen WD. Cantharidin suppresses cell growth and migration, and activates autophagy in human non-small cell lung cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:6527-6532. [PMID: 29731854 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cantharidin (CTD), a component of Mylabris (blister beetle), is a traditional Chinese medicine that exerts an anticancer effect in multiple types of cancer cells. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether CTD exhibited anti-metastatic and inhibitory cell proliferation effects against human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) A549 cells, and the possible underlying mechanism by which this occurs. The results of the present study demonstrated that CTD arrested proliferation, suppressed invasion and migration and induced apoptosis in A549 cells in vitro. Alterations of apoptosis-associated protein levels, including B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-associated X (Bax) and active caspase-3, were detected. Furthermore, the present study demonstrated that CTD activated autophagy through downregulation of p62 expression and upregulation of microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B and Beclin-1 expression. Additionally, western blot analysis identified that CTD inhibited the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/RAC serine/threonine protein kinase (Akt)/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway in NSCLC, demonstrating that the levels of phosphorylated (p-)Akt, p-mTOR, phosphorylated ribosomal p70S6 protein kinase (p-p70-S6K) and cyclin D1 were significantly decreased following treatment with CTD. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicated that CTD impeded cell growth and migration by inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling in NSCLC, and promoted autophagy and apoptosis. CTD exhibited anticancer activity against NSCLC in vitro, revealing it as a potential candidate for the treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Peng Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
| | - Liang Xu
- Department of Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
| | - E-Nuo Dai
- Department of Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Da Chen
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
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20
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Seabrooks L, Hu L. Insects: an underrepresented resource for the discovery of biologically active natural products. Acta Pharm Sin B 2017; 7:409-426. [PMID: 28752026 PMCID: PMC5518667 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nature has been the source of life-changing and -saving medications for centuries. Aspirin, penicillin and morphine are prime examples of Nature׳s gifts to medicine. These discoveries catalyzed the field of natural product drug discovery which has mostly focused on plants. However, insects have more than twice the number of species and entomotherapy has been in practice for as long as and often in conjunction with medicinal plants and is an important alternative to modern medicine in many parts of the world. Herein, an overview of current traditional medicinal applications of insects and characterization of isolated biologically active molecules starting from approximately 2010 is presented. Insect natural products reviewed were isolated from ants, bees, wasps, beetles, cockroaches, termites, flies, true bugs, moths and more. Biological activities of these natural products from insects include antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects.
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21
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Tao R, Wang ZF, Qiu W, He YF, Yan WQ, Sun WY, Li HJ. Role of S100A3 in human hepatocellular carcinoma and the anticancer effect of sodium cantharidinate. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:2812-2818. [PMID: 28588665 PMCID: PMC5450779 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The fifth most common cancer worldwide is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which has an annual mortality rate of ~800,000. Although surgical procedures for HCC, such as hepatic resection and liver transplantation, have progressed and the outcomes of patients have improved, HCC is still characterized by frequent recurrence, even after liver transplantation. In the present study the expression of the protein coding gene, S100 calcium binding protein A3 (S100A3), was observed in 62 HCC tissues and tumor-surrounding tissues. The present study indicated that S100A3 activation was involved in tumorigenesis and tumor aggressiveness. The protein and mRNA expression levels of S100A3 in the human HCC cell line (HepG2) were investigated using western blotting and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis, respectively. The function of sodium cantharidinate in inducing HCC cell apoptosis was also investigated. Sodium cantharidinate inhibited the protein and gene expression of S100A3 in HepG2 cells in vitro. These data suggested that S100A3 has an important role in human HCC. The present study indicates that the functional properties of sodium cantharidinate are promising for the development of a novel drug that may control the expression of S100A3 and improve the treatment of human HCC in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Tao
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Management, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Feng Wang
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Wei Qiu
- Department of Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Fang He
- Institute of Phytochemistry, Jilin Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Qun Yan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Management, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Yi Sun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Management, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Jun Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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22
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Anticancer potential of pyrrole (1, 2, a) pyrazine 1, 4, dione, hexahydro 3-(2-methyl propyl) (PPDHMP) extracted from a new marine bacterium, Staphylococcus sp. strain MB30. Apoptosis 2016; 21:566-77. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-016-1221-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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23
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Evaluation of the impact of cantharidin on rat CYP enzymes by using a cocktail of probe drugs. Fitoterapia 2015; 107:49-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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24
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Kim JH, Cho EB, Lee J, Jung O, Ryu BJ, Kim SH, Cho JY, Ryou C, Lee SY. Emetine inhibits migration and invasion of human non-small-cell lung cancer cells via regulation of ERK and p38 signaling pathways. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 242:25-33. [PMID: 26332055 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Emetine is a natural compound originated from ipecac roots. It was commonly used as anti-protozoal and vomiting agent. The apoptosis-inducing effect of emetine makes it considered as a potential anti-cancer agent for various human cancers. Here in this study, we report that emetine inhibits migration and invasion of human non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Modulation of three major mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), ERK, p38 and JNK, is well known to be involved in regulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which are essential in tissue remodeling and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, for cancer cells to spread out from the origin of tumorigenesis. Emetine regulates two major MAPKs, p38 and ERK. Differential inhibition/stimulation of ERK and p38 induced differential suppressions of β-catenin and c-myc transcription factors. This leads to the selective down-regulation of MMP-2 and MMP-9, two major gelatinases which can degrade ECM components, and RECK, a negative regulator of MMP-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyun Kim
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, San 65, Bokjeong-Dong, Sujeong-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 461-701, South Korea
| | - Eun Byul Cho
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, San 65, Bokjeong-Dong, Sujeong-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 461-701, South Korea
| | - Jongsung Lee
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 440-746, South Korea
| | - Okkeun Jung
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, San 65, Bokjeong-Dong, Sujeong-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 461-701, South Korea
| | - Byung Jun Ryu
- Laboratory of Translational Therapeutics, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 305-600, South Korea
| | - Seong Hwan Kim
- Laboratory of Translational Therapeutics, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 305-600, South Korea
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 440-746, South Korea
| | - Chongsuk Ryou
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-Do, 426-791, South Korea
| | - Sang Yeol Lee
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, San 65, Bokjeong-Dong, Sujeong-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 461-701, South Korea.
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25
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Activation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) by neurotensin promotes cell invasion and migration through ERK pathway in gastric cancer. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:6053-62. [PMID: 25724188 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3282-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurotensin (NT) is distributed throughout the brain and gastrointestinal tract. Although the relationship between NT and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activity in gastric cancer has not been reported, the elevation of MMP-9 and NT is reported in the breast, lung, prostate, and gastric cancer. The aim of our study is to investigate the relationship between NT and MMP-9 activity and the underlying signaling mechanism in gastric cancer cell lines. Commercial ELISA kits were used for estimation of NT and MMP-9 expression, and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) assay was used for measurement of MMP-9 activity. Cell migration and invasion were determined by wound healing and transwell assay. The expression of signaling proteins was measured by Western blotting. Our study reveals a positive correlation between increased plasma NT and MMP-9 activity in both of patient's serum and gastric cancer cell lines. A dose-dependent elevation of MMP-9 activity was observed by NT treatment in gastric cancer cells (MKN-1 and MKN-45) compared to untreated gastric cancer and normal epithelial cell (HFE-145). Moreover, NT-mediated migration and invasion were observed in gastric cancer cells unlike in normal cell. The signaling mechanism of NT in gastric cancer cells was confirmed in protein kinase C (PKC), extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK), and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway. In addition, pretreatment of gastric cancer cells with NTR1 inhibitor SR48692 was shown to significantly inhibit the NT-mediated MMP-9 activity, cell invasion, and migration. Our finding illustrated NTR1 could be a possible therapeutic target for gastric cancer.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-D3) is antiproliferative in preclinical models of lung cancer, but in tumor tissues, its efficacy may be limited by CYP24A1 expression. CYP24A1 is the rate limiting catabolic enzyme for 1,25-D3 and is overexpressed in human lung adenocarcinoma (AC) by unknown mechanisms. METHODS The DNA methylation status of CYP24A1 was determined by bisulfite DNA pyrosequencing in a panel of 30 lung cell lines and 90 surgically resected lung AC. The level of CYP24A1 methylation was correlated with CYP24A1 expression in lung AC cell lines and tumors. In addition, histone modifications were assessed by quantitative chromatin immunoprecipitation-polymerase chain reaction (ChIP-qPCR) in A549, NCI-H460, and SK-LU-1. RESULTS Bisulfite DNA pyrosequencing analysis revealed that CYP24A1 gene was heterogeneously methylated in lung AC. Expression of CYP24A1 was inversely correlated with promoter DNA methylation in lung AC cell lines and tumors. Treatment with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza) and trichostatin A (TSA) increased CYP24A1 expression in lung AC. We observed that CYP24A1 promoter hypermethylation decreased CYP24A1 enzyme activity in vitro, whereas treatment with 5-Aza and/or TSA increased CYP24A1 enzyme affinity for its substrate 1,25-D3. In addition, ChIP-qPCR analysis revealed specific histone modifications within the CYP24A1 promoter region. Treatment with TSA increased H3K4me2 and H3K9ac and simultaneously decreased H3K9me2 at the CYP24A1 promoter and treatment with 5-Aza and/or TSA increased the recruitment of vitamin D receptor (VDR) to vitamin D response elements (VDRE) of the CYP24A1 promoter. CONCLUSIONS The expression of CYP24A1 gene in human lung AC is in part epigenetically regulated by promoter DNA methylation and repressive histone modifications. These findings should be taken into consideration when targeting CYP24A1 to optimize antiproliferative effects of 1,25-D3 in lung AC.
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27
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El-Tantawy NL. Helminthes and insects: maladies or therapies. Parasitol Res 2014; 114:359-77. [PMID: 25547076 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-014-4260-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
By definition, parasites cause harm to their hosts. But, considerable evidence from ancient traditional medicine has supported the theory of using parasites and their products in treating many diseases. Maggots have been used successfully to treat chronic, long-standing, infected wounds which failed to respond to conventional treatment by many beneficial effects on the wound including debridement, disinfection, and healing enhancement. Maggots are also applied in forensic medicine to estimate time between the death and discovery of a corpse and in entomotoxicology involving the potential use of insects as alternative samples for detecting drugs and toxins in death investigations. Leeches are segmented invertebrates, famous by their blood-feeding habits and used in phlebotomy to treat various ailments since ancient times. Leech therapy is experiencing resurgence nowadays in health care principally in plastic and reconstructive surgery. Earthworms provide a source of medicinally useful products with potential antimicrobial, antiviral, and anticancer properties. Lumbrokinases are a group of fibrinolytic enzymes isolated and purified from earthworms capable of degrading plasminogen-rich and plasminogen-free fibrin and so can be used to treat various conditions associated with thrombotic diseases. Helminth infection has been proved to have therapeutic effects in both animal and human clinical trials with promising evidence in treating many allergic diseases and can block the induction of or reduce the severity of some autoimmune disorders as Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis. What is more, venomous arthropods such as scorpions, bees, wasps, spiders, ants, centipedes, snail, beetles, and caterpillars. The venoms and toxins from these arthropods provide a promising source of natural bioactive compounds which can be employed in the development of new drugs to treat diseases as cancer. The possibility of using these active molecules in biotechnological processes can make these venoms and toxins a valuable and promising source of natural bioactive compounds. The therapeutic use of helminthes and insects will be of great value in biomedicine and further studies on insect toxins will contribute extensively to the development of Biomedical Sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora L El-Tantawy
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, 2 El-Gomhouria Street, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt,
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Hsiao YP, Tsai CH, Wu PP, Hsu SC, Liu HC, Huang YP, Yang JH, Chung JG. Cantharidin induces G2/M phase arrest by inhibition of Cdc25c and Cyclin A and triggers apoptosis through reactive oxygen species and the mitochondria‑dependent pathways of A375.S2 human melanoma cells. Int J Oncol 2014; 45:2393-402. [PMID: 25340978 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cantharidin (CTD), a component of natural mylabris (Mylabris phalerata Pallas) was reported to have high cytotoxicity in many human cancer cell lines. However, it was not reported to affect human melanoma A375.S2 cells. In the present study, we found that CTD induced cell morphological changes and decreased the percentage of viable cells and induced G2/M phase arrest and induction of apoptosis in A375.S2 cells. Results also showed that CTD induced the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Ca2+ and decreased mitochondria membrane potential and lead to the release of cytochrome c, AIF and Endo G. Further investigation revealed that CTD induced A375.S2 cells with an increase of caspase activation and caspase-dependent apoptotic proteins to trigger correlated pathway mechanisms according to western blotting results. Western blotting was used for examining the changes of G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis-associated protein expression and confocal laser microscopy was used to examine the translocation apoptosis-associated protein. Results showed that CTD increased the protein expression of caspase-3, -8 and -9, cytochrome c, Bax, Bid, Endo G and AIF but inhibited the levels of Bcl-2 and Bcl-x. CTD induced ER stress-associated protein expression such as GRP78, IRE1β, ATF6α and caspase-12. Based on those observations, we suggest that CTD may have potential as a novel anti-cancer agent for the treatment of skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ping Hsiao
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chung-Hung Tsai
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ping-Ping Wu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shu-Chun Hsu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsin-Chung Liu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Ping Huang
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jen-Hung Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Cheng X, Gu J, Zhang M, Yuan J, Zhao B, Jiang J, Jia X. Astragaloside IV inhibits migration and invasion in human lung cancer A549 cells via regulating PKC-α-ERK1/2-NF-κB pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 23:304-13. [PMID: 25218161 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The migration and invasion characteristics that are related to inflammatory response play important roles in the development of lung cancer. Astagaloside IV (AS-IV), an effective saponin component isolated from Astragali Radix, has been reported to inhibit metastasis of tumor cells. However, little is known about the underlying mechanism of AS-IV on inhibiting the migration and invasion characteristics of lung cancer cells. In the present study, cell proliferation was assessed by MTT colorimetric assay. Wound-healing assay and transwell chambers assay were used to detect the effects of AS-IV on the migration capacity and invasiveness of A549 cells. Metastasis-related bio-markers expressions were detected by Western blot analysis. Levels of inflammatory factors including transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in cell supernatant were tested by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expressions of PKC-α, ERK1/2 and NF-κB were analyzed by Western blot analysis. The results showed that the migration and invasion ability of A549 has been suppressed in presence of AS-IV. The levels of MMP-2, MMP-9 and integrin β1 were decreased significantly, whereas E-cadherin was increased by the treatment of different concentrations AS-IV. Furthermore, AS-IV also significantly decreased TGF-β1, TNF-α and IL-6 levels. Interestingly, PKC pathway inhibitor AEB071 (Sotrastaurin) (0.1 μM) or ERK inhibitor U0126 (1 μM) or NF-κB inhibitor PDTC (1 μM) could affect suppression of AS-IV on cell invasion, at least partially. Our results suggested that the migration and invasion of AS-IV in A549 cells might be related to the PKC-α-ERK1/2-NF-κB pathway. The result indicated that AS-IV could be used as a candidate for the inhibition of metastasis of human lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Cheng
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu 210046, China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu 210028, China
| | - Junfei Gu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu 210046, China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu 210028, China
| | - Minghua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu 210028, China; College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Jiarui Yuan
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu 210046, China; College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Bingjie Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu 210046, China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu 210028, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu 210046, China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu 210028, China
| | - Xiaobin Jia
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu 210046, China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu 210028, China; College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Jiangsu 212013, China.
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Kadioglu O, Kermani NS, Kelter G, Schumacher U, Fiebig HH, Greten HJ, Efferth T. Pharmacogenomics of cantharidin in tumor cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 87:399-409. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Liu B, Sun WY, Zhi CY, Lu TC, Gao HM, Zhou JH, Yan WQ, Gao HC. Role of S100A3 in human colorectal cancer and the anticancer effect of cantharidinate. Exp Ther Med 2013; 6:1499-1503. [PMID: 24255681 PMCID: PMC3829748 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2013.1344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality. The early diagnosis and treatment of CRC is the key to improving the survival of patients who may benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. In the present study, the protein expression of S100A3 was observed in a cohort of 20 patients with cancer, which indicated that S100A3 activation was involved in tumorigenesis. In addition, the anticancer activity of cantharidinate was investigated using immunohistochemistry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis. The protein expression of S100A3 was observed to increase by 2.4-fold in human CRC cells compared with the expression level in normal control cells (P<0.01). Cantharidinate inhibited the protein and gene expression of S100A3 in UCT-116 human CRC cells in vitro. These results suggested that S100A3 is important in human CRC. Cantharidinate has the potential to be considered as a novel adjuvant drug for controlling the expression of S100A3 in human CRC as it exhibits preventive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Jilin University Second Hospital, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
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Yang LL, Liang CY, Lu TC, Zhi CY, Liu B, Zhou JH, Liu XM, Gao HC, Huang W. Role of tissue transglutaminase and effect of cantharidinate in human colorectal cancer. Mol Med Rep 2013; 8:1812-6. [PMID: 24085483 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of tissue transglutaminase (tTG) in cancer development remains an important field of study. The aim of the current study was to understand the involvement of tTG in cancer and the inhibitory effect of cantharidinate on the expression of tTG in human colorectal cancer (CRC) using immunohistochemical and PCR analysis. The results showed that the expression of tTG increased in human CRC and cantharidinate inhibited the expression of tTG. These results suggested that tTG is significant in human CRC and that tTG may be an important target for tumor chemoprevention and treatment. Cantharidinate may be considered as a novel co‑therapy for controlling tTG expression in human CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Lan Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
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Adenosine dialdehyde suppresses MMP-9-mediated invasion of cancer cells by blocking the Ras/Raf-1/ERK/AP-1 signaling pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 86:1285-300. [PMID: 23994169 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine dialdehyde (AdOx) inhibits transmethylation by the accumulation of S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), a negative feedback inhibitor of methylation, through the suppression of SAH hydrolase (SAHH). In this study, we aimed to determine the regulatory effect of AdOx on cancer invasion by using three different cell lines: MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, and U87. The invasive capacity of these cells in the presence (MCF-7) or absence (MDA-MB-231 and U87) of phorbal 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) was strongly decreased by AdOx treatment. Furthermore, the expression, secretion, and activation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, a critical enzyme regulating cell invasion, in these cells were diminished by AdOx treatment. AdOx strongly suppressed AP-1-mediated luciferase activity and, in parallel, reduced the translocation of c-Fos and c-Jun into the nucleus. AdOx was shown to block a series of upstream AP-1 activation signaling complexes composed of extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK), mitogen-activated protein ERK kinase (MEK)1/2, Raf-1, and Ras, as assessed by measuring the levels of the phosphorylated and membrane-translocated forms. Furthermore, we found that suppression of SAHH by siRNA and 3-deazaadenosine, knock down of isoprenylcysteine carboxyl methyltransferase (ICMT), and treatment with SAH showed inhibitory patterns similar to those of AdOx. Therefore, our data suggest that AdOx is capable of targeting the methylation reaction regulated by SAHH and ICMT and subsequently downregulating MMP-9 expression and decreasing invasion of cancer cells through inhibition of the Ras/Raf-1/ERK/AP-1 pathway.
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