1
|
Mpakosi A, Cholevas V, Meletiadis J, Theodoraki M, Sokou R. Neonatal Fungemia by Non-Candida Rare Opportunistic Yeasts: A Systematic Review of Literature. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9266. [PMID: 39273215 PMCID: PMC11395034 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Fungal colonization poses a significant risk for neonates, leading to invasive infections such as fungemia. While Candida species are the most commonly identified pathogens, other rare yeasts are increasingly reported, complicating diagnosis and treatment due to limited data on antifungal pharmacokinetics. These emerging yeasts, often opportunistic, underscore the critical need for early diagnosis and targeted therapy in neonates. This systematic review aims to comprehensively analyze all published cases of neonatal fungemia caused by rare opportunistic yeasts, examining geographical distribution, species involved, risk factors, treatment approaches, and outcomes. Searching two databases (PubMed and SCOPUS), 89 relevant studies with a total of 342 cases were identified in the 42-year period; 62% of the cases occurred in Asia. Pichia anomala (31%), Kodamaea ohmeri (16%) and Malassezia furfur (15%) dominated. Low birth weight, the use of central catheters, prematurity, and the use of antibiotics were the main risk factors (98%, 76%, 66%, and 65%, respectively). 22% of the cases had a fatal outcome (80% in Asia). The highest mortality rates were reported in Trichosporon beigelii and Trichosporon asahii cases, followed by Dirkmeia churashimamensis cases (80%, 71%, and 42% respectively). Low birth weight, the use of central catheters, the use of antibiotics, and prematurity were the main risk factors in fatal cases (84%, 74%, 70%, and 67%, respectively). 38% of the neonates received fluconazole for treatment but 46% of them, died. Moreover, the rare yeasts of this review showed high MICs to fluconazole and this should be taken into account when planning prophylactic or therapeutic strategies with this drug. In conclusion, neonatal fungemia by rare yeasts is a life-threatening and difficult-to-treat infection, often underestimated and misdiagnosed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Mpakosi
- Department of Microbiology, General Hospital of Nikaia "Agios Panteleimon", 18454 Piraeus, Greece
| | | | - Joseph Meletiadis
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Martha Theodoraki
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, General Hospital of Nikaia "Agios Panteleimon", 18454 Piraeus, Greece
| | - Rozeta Sokou
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, General Hospital of Nikaia "Agios Panteleimon", 18454 Piraeus, Greece
- Neonatal Department, Aretaieio Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sarhan FA, Soliman ME, Hamza MY, El-Gogary RI. Revolutionizing treatment for topical fungal infections: evaluating penetration-enhancer-containing vesicles as a fluconazole delivery system: Ex-vivo and in-vivo dermal testing. Pharm Dev Technol 2024:1-10. [PMID: 39161985 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2024.2394573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Fungal infections pose a significant challenge in numerous developing nations and worldwide, necessitating urgent solutions. Oral administration of antifungal medications often leads to severe adverse reactions. Hence, employing topical delivery systems is preferred to ensure efficient dermal delivery of antifungal agents while minimizing side effects. Furthermore, the incorporation of penetration enhancers into nanocarriers loaded with antifungal agents has demonstrated enhanced efficacy in combating mycotic infections. Consequently, ultra-deformable penetration enhancer-containing vesicles (PEVs) were developed to explore this promising approach. In this study, Labrasol® and Transcutol® were used as penetration enhancers in formulating ultra-deformable PEVs containing the antifungal agent Fluconazole (FCZ). The PEVs underwent comprehensive characterization, including measurements of particle size (PS), charge, and entrapment efficiency (EE%). The results revealed that the size of tested PEVs ranged from 100 to 762 nm. All particles exhibited a negative charge, with a minimum zeta potential (ZP) of -38.26 mV, and an intermediate entrapment efficiency (EE%) that reached approximately 40%w/w. Ex-vivo studies demonstrated the ability of PEVs to deliver FCZ to the dermis while minimizing transdermal delivery. The selected formula was tested in-vivo using candidiasis-induced rat model and showed a superiority in its antifungal effect against Candida Albicans compared to the drug control. Stability studies were executed for the selected formula, and revealed good stability shown by the insignificant change in the PS, ZP& EE% over a six-month period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatma A Sarhan
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire Hosted by Global Academic Foundation, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutics (Physical Properties), Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA) Formerly Known as National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud E Soliman
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
- Departement of Pharmaceutics, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (EJUST), Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Manal Yassin Hamza
- Department of Pharmaceutics (Physical Properties), Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA) Formerly Known as National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Riham I El-Gogary
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pinho S, Miranda IM, Costa-de-Oliveira S. Global Epidemiology of Invasive Infections by Uncommon Candida Species: A Systematic Review. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:558. [PMID: 39194884 DOI: 10.3390/jof10080558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Emerging and uncommon Candida species have been reported as an increasing cause of invasive Candida infections (ICI). We aim to systematize the global epidemiology associated with emergent uncommon Candida species responsible for invasive infections in adult patients. A systematic review (from 1 January 2001 to 28 February 2023) regarding epidemiological, clinical, and microbiological data associated to invasive Candida infections by uncommon Candida spp. were collected. In total, 1567 publications were identified, and 36 were selected according to inclusion criteria (45 cases). The chosen studies covered: C. auris (n = 21), C. haemulonii (n = 6), C. fermentati (n = 4), C. kefyr (n = 4), C. norvegensis (n = 3), C. nivariensis (n = 3), C. bracarensis (n = 1), C. duobushaemulonii (n = 1), C. blankii (n = 1), and C. khanbhai (n = 1). Over the recent years, there has been an increase in the number of invasive infections caused by uncommon Candida spp. Asia and Europe are the continents with the most reported cases. The challenges in strain identification and antifungal susceptibility interpretation were significant. The absence of clinical breakpoints for the susceptibility profile determination for uncommon Candida spp. makes interpretation and treatment options a clinical challenge. It is crucial that we focus on new and accessible microbiology techniques to make fast and accurate diagnostics and treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Pinho
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel M Miranda
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia Costa-de-Oliveira
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Center for Health Technology and Services Research-CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Belgacem S, Chebil W, Ben Salem S, Babba O, Mastouri M, Babba H. Identification and antifungal susceptibility profile of uncommon yeast species at Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital in Tunisia. Med Mycol 2024; 62:myae070. [PMID: 38986508 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myae070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the severe impact of uncommon yeast fungal infections and the pressing need for more research on the topic, there are still few studies available on the identification, epidemiology, and susceptibility profile of those pathogens. The aims of the current study were to define the profile of uncommon yeast species at Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital using phenotypic, molecular, and proteomic methods and to study their antifungal susceptibility profile. Pre-identified uncommon yeast species were collected from 2018 to 2021. These isolates were further identified using phenotypic methods (ID32C® system and Vitek2® YST), matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), and sequencing. The antifungal susceptibility profile was studied using the reference CLSI broth microdilution method. In total, 30 strains were collected during the study period. Referring to the sequencing, the most isolated uncommon species were Saprochaete capitata, Candida lusitaniae, Candida kefyr, Candida inconspicua, and Candida guilliermondii. A total of 90% of isolates were correctly identified by MALDI-TOF MS compared to 76.7% and 63.3% by ID32® C and VITEK® 2 YST, respectively. The isolated species showed variable responses to antifungals. Candida guilliermondii showed increased azole minimum inhibitory concentrations. Misidentification of uncommon yeast species was common using commercial phenotypic methods. The high percentage of concordance of MALDI-TOF results with sequencing highlights its high performance and usefulness as a routine diagnosis tool.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sameh Belgacem
- Unit of Parasitology-Mycology, Laboratory of Microbiology, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Medical and Molecular Parasitology-Mycology (LR12ES08), Department of Clinical Biology B, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Wissal Chebil
- Laboratory of Medical and Molecular Parasitology-Mycology (LR12ES08), Department of Clinical Biology B, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Safa Ben Salem
- Unit of Parasitology-Mycology, Laboratory of Microbiology, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Oussama Babba
- Laboratory of Medical and Molecular Parasitology-Mycology (LR12ES08), Department of Clinical Biology B, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Maha Mastouri
- Unit of Parasitology-Mycology, Laboratory of Microbiology, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Hamouda Babba
- Laboratory of Medical and Molecular Parasitology-Mycology (LR12ES08), Department of Clinical Biology B, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dolatabadi S, Najafzadeh MJ, Raeisabadi A, Zarrinfar H, Jalali M, Spruijtenburg B, Meijer EFJ, Meis JF, Lass-Flörl C, de Groot T. Epidemiology of Candidemia in Mashhad, Northeast Iran: A Prospective Multicenter Study (2019-2021). J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:481. [PMID: 39057366 PMCID: PMC11277834 DOI: 10.3390/jof10070481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Candidemia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in health care settings, and its epidemiology is changing. In the last two decades, the proportion of non-albicans Candida (NAC) yeasts in candidemia has increased. These yeasts more often display resistance to common antifungals. In many western countries, candidemia is mainly caused by susceptible C. albicans, while in resource-limited countries, including Iran, the candidemia species distribution is studied less often. Here, we investigated the species distribution, resistance levels, and characteristics of patients with candidemia in five hospitals in Mashhad (northeast Iran) for two years (2019-2021). Yeast isolates from blood were identified with MALDI-TOF MS and subjected to antifungal susceptibility testing (AFST) using the broth microdilution method, while molecular genotyping was applied to Candida parapsilosis isolates. In total, 160 yeast isolates were recovered from 160 patients, of which the majority were adults (60%). Candidemia was almost equally detected in men (48%) and women (52%). Almost half of patients (n = 67, 49%) were from intensive care units (ICUs). C. parapsilosis (n = 58, 36%) was the most common causative agent, surpassing C. albicans (n = 52, 33%). The all-cause mortality rate was 53%, with C. albicans candidemia displaying the lowest mortality with 39%, in contrast to a mortality rate of 59% for NAC candidemia. With microbroth AFST, nearly all tested isolates were found to be susceptible, except for one C. albicans isolate that was resistant to anidulafungin. By applying short tandem repeat (STR) genotyping to C. parapsilosis, multiple clusters were found. To summarize, candidemia in Mashhad, Iran, from 2019 to 2021, is characterized by common yeast species, in particular C. parapsilosis, for which STR typing indicates potential nosocomial transmission. The overall mortality is high, while resistance rates were found to be low, suggesting that the high mortality is linked to limited diagnostic options and insufficient medical care, including the restricted use of echinocandins as the first treatment option.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Dolatabadi
- Department of Biology, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar 9617976487, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Najafzadeh
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 91766-99199, Iran
| | - Abbas Raeisabadi
- Department of Medical Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 48471-91628, Iran
| | - Hossein Zarrinfar
- Allergy Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 91766-99199, Iran
| | - Mahsa Jalali
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 91766-99199, Iran
| | - Bram Spruijtenburg
- Radboudumc-CWZ Center of Expertise for Mycology, 6532 SZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands (E.F.J.M.)
- Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital (CWZ)/Dicoon, 6532 SZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Eelco F. J. Meijer
- Radboudumc-CWZ Center of Expertise for Mycology, 6532 SZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands (E.F.J.M.)
- Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital (CWZ)/Dicoon, 6532 SZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jacques F. Meis
- Radboudumc-CWZ Center of Expertise for Mycology, 6532 SZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands (E.F.J.M.)
- Institute of Translational Research, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Cornelia Lass-Flörl
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM), 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Theun de Groot
- Radboudumc-CWZ Center of Expertise for Mycology, 6532 SZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands (E.F.J.M.)
- Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital (CWZ)/Dicoon, 6532 SZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nascimento T, Inácio J, Guerreiro D, Patrício P, Proença L, Toscano C, Diaz P, Barroso H. Insights into Candida Colonization in Intensive Care Unit Patients: A Prospective Multicenter Study. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:378. [PMID: 38921364 PMCID: PMC11204936 DOI: 10.3390/jof10060378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The skin mycobiota plays a significant role in infection risk, pathogen transmission, and personalized medicine approaches in intensive care settings. This prospective multicenter study aimed to enhance our understanding of intensive care units' (ICUs') Candida colonization dynamics, identify modifiable risk factors, and assess their impact on survival risk. Specimens were taken from 675, 203, and 110 patients at the admission (D1), 5th (D5), and 8th (D8) days of ICU stay, respectively. The patient's demographic and clinical data were collected. Candida isolates were identified by conventional culture-based microbiology combined with molecular approaches. Overall, colonization was 184/675 (27.3%), 87/203 (42.8%), and 58/110 (52.7%) on D1, D5, and D8, respectively. Candida colonization dynamics were significantly associated with ICU type (odds ratio (OR) = 2.03, 95% CI 1.22-3.39, p = 0.007), respiratory infection (OR = 1.74, 95% CI 1.17-2.58, p = 0.006), hemodialysis (OR = 2.19, 95% CI 1.17-4.10, p = 0.014), COVID-19 (OR = 0.37, 95% CI 0.14-0.99, p = 0.048), and with a poor 3-month outcome (p = 0.008). Skin Candida spp. colonization can be an early warning tool to generate valuable insights into the epidemiology, risk factors, and survival rates of critically ill patients, and should be considered for epidemiological surveillance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Nascimento
- Unidade de Microbiologia Médica, Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal
- Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, Caparica, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal; (D.G.); (L.P.); (H.B.)
| | - João Inácio
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4GJ, UK;
| | - Daniela Guerreiro
- Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, Caparica, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal; (D.G.); (L.P.); (H.B.)
| | | | - Luís Proença
- Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, Caparica, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal; (D.G.); (L.P.); (H.B.)
| | - Cristina Toscano
- Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental Hospital Egas Moniz, 1349-019 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Priscila Diaz
- Hospital Prof. Doutor Fernando da Fonseca, 2720-276 Amadora, Portugal;
| | - Helena Barroso
- Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, Caparica, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal; (D.G.); (L.P.); (H.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Saada A, Monpierre L, Djènontin E, Andriantsoanirina V, Ratsimbason M, Randriamialinoro F, Ranarivelo L, Botterel F, Durand R. In vitro efficacy of essential oils against various Candida species. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-6. [PMID: 38770986 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2355586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Candida species are responsible for the most common fungal infections worldwide. We studied the in vitro antifungal activity of a large panel of essential oils (EOs) against various Candida species. The EOs activity against Candida spp. was tested using a gradient microdilution assay ranging from 4% to 0.008% (v/v). After a preliminary screening including 31 EOs, seven selected EOs were tested against 13 clinical isolates and four reference strains belonging to six Candida species. Cinnamomum zeylanicum and Cymbopogon giganteus EOs exhibited the best antifungal activity against all clinical and reference strains, with MIC ranges of 0.015%-0.25% (v/v). EOs from Litsea citrata, Backhousia citriodora and Ocimum sanctum presented MIC ranges of 0.03%-0.5% (v/v). The antifungal efficacy of EOs was independent of the susceptibility of Candida strains to usual antifungal agents. These EOs could have a promising antifungal action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alix Saada
- Dynamyc 7380, Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), EnvA ANSES, Créteil, France
| | - Lorra Monpierre
- Dynamyc 7380, Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), EnvA ANSES, Créteil, France
- Unité de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Département Prévention, Diagnostic, Traitement des Infections, CHU Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Créteil, France
| | - Elie Djènontin
- Dynamyc 7380, Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), EnvA ANSES, Créteil, France
- Unité de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Département Prévention, Diagnostic, Traitement des Infections, CHU Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Créteil, France
| | | | - Michel Ratsimbason
- Centre National d'Application de Recherches Pharmaceutiques, Tananarive, Madagascar
| | | | | | - Françoise Botterel
- Dynamyc 7380, Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), EnvA ANSES, Créteil, France
- Unité de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Département Prévention, Diagnostic, Traitement des Infections, CHU Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Créteil, France
| | - Rémy Durand
- Unité de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Département Prévention, Diagnostic, Traitement des Infections, CHU Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Créteil, France
- Université Paris Saclay, CNRS, BioCis, Orsay, France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ahmady L, Gothwal M, Mukkoli MM, Bari VK. Antifungal drug resistance in Candida: a special emphasis on amphotericin B. APMIS 2024; 132:291-316. [PMID: 38465406 DOI: 10.1111/apm.13389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Invasive fungal infections in humans caused by several Candida species, increased considerably in immunocompromised or critically ill patients, resulting in substantial morbidity and mortality. Candida albicans is the most prevalent species, although the frequency of these organisms varies greatly according to geographic region. Infections with C. albicans and non-albicans Candida species have become more common, especially in the past 20 years, as a result of aging, immunosuppressive medication use, endocrine disorders, malnourishment, extended use of medical equipment, and an increase in immunogenic diseases. Despite C. albicans being the species most frequently associated with human infections, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, and C. krusei also have been identified. Several antifungal drugs with different modes of action are approved for use in clinical settings to treat fungal infections. However, due to the common eukaryotic structure of humans and fungi, only a limited number of antifungal drugs are available for therapeutic use. Furthermore, drug resistance in Candida species has emerged as a result of the growing use of currently available antifungal drugs against fungal infections. Amphotericin B (AmB), a polyene class of antifungal drugs, is mainly used for the treatment of serious systemic fungal infections. AmB interacts with fungal plasma membrane ergosterol, triggering cellular ion leakage via pore formation, or extracting the ergosterol from the plasma membrane inducing cellular death. AmB resistance is primarily caused by changes in the content or structure of ergosterol. This review summarizes the antifungal drug resistance exhibited by Candida species, with a special focus on AmB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lailema Ahmady
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Manisha Gothwal
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | | | - Vinay Kumar Bari
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bras G, Satala D, Juszczak M, Kulig K, Wronowska E, Bednarek A, Zawrotniak M, Rapala-Kozik M, Karkowska-Kuleta J. Secreted Aspartic Proteinases: Key Factors in Candida Infections and Host-Pathogen Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4775. [PMID: 38731993 PMCID: PMC11084781 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular proteases are key factors contributing to the virulence of pathogenic fungi from the genus Candida. Their proteolytic activities are crucial for extracting nutrients from the external environment, degrading host defenses, and destabilizing the internal balance of the human organism. Currently, the enzymes most frequently described in this context are secreted aspartic proteases (Saps). This review comprehensively explores the multifaceted roles of Saps, highlighting their importance in biofilm formation, tissue invasion through the degradation of extracellular matrix proteins and components of the coagulation cascade, modulation of host immune responses via impairment of neutrophil and monocyte/macrophage functions, and their contribution to antifungal resistance. Additionally, the diagnostic challenges associated with Candida infections and the potential of Saps as biomarkers were discussed. Furthermore, we examined the prospects of developing vaccines based on Saps and the use of protease inhibitors as adjunctive therapies for candidiasis. Given the complex biology of Saps and their central role in Candida pathogenicity, a multidisciplinary approach may pave the way for innovative diagnostic strategies and open new opportunities for innovative clinical interventions against candidiasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grazyna Bras
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland (M.Z.); (J.K.-K.)
| | - Dorota Satala
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland (M.Z.); (J.K.-K.)
| | - Magdalena Juszczak
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland (M.Z.); (J.K.-K.)
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Kamila Kulig
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland (M.Z.); (J.K.-K.)
| | - Ewelina Wronowska
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland (M.Z.); (J.K.-K.)
| | - Aneta Bednarek
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland (M.Z.); (J.K.-K.)
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Marcin Zawrotniak
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland (M.Z.); (J.K.-K.)
| | - Maria Rapala-Kozik
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland (M.Z.); (J.K.-K.)
| | - Justyna Karkowska-Kuleta
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland (M.Z.); (J.K.-K.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Balef SSH, Hosseini SS, Asgari N, Sohrabi A, Mortazavi N. The inhibitory effects of carvacrol, nystatin, and their combination on oral candidiasis isolates. BMC Res Notes 2024; 17:104. [PMID: 38605312 PMCID: PMC11010274 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-024-06767-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Candida, a common oral microbiota, can cause opportunistic fungal infections. With rising Candida infections and limited effective antifungals, new treatments are needed. This study investigates carvacrol essential oil's effect on oral candidiasis, alone and with nystatin, compared to nystatin alone. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, oral samples were collected from dental clinic patients, especially denture users. The presence of Candida was confirmed and cultured from these samples. Candidiasis was detected by observing Candida colonies. Drug sensitivity was tested on 100 positive samples. The minimum concentration of inhibition and lethality of each isolate was evaluated using nystatin and carvacrol. The results were compared using two-way analysis of variance. Finally, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of nystatin and carvacrol was calculated individually and in combination. RESULTS The present study found that Candida albicans and non-albicans species were equally prevalent. Carvacrol showed significant biological activity against all Candida species, with an average MTT of 50.01%. The average MIC value of carvacrol was 24.96 µg/ml, indicating its potential to inhibit Candida growth. The mean Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) value of carvacrol was 23.48 µg/ml, suggesting its effectiveness in killing the fungi. CONCLUSION The study's findings reveal that the MIC of carvacrol was significantly lower than that of nystatin and the combination of nystatin and carvacrol. This suggests that carvacrol holds potential as an effective herbal remedy for candidiasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Seyed Sedigheh Hosseini
- Laboratory Sciences Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
- Department of Mycology and Parasitology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Negar Asgari
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Sohrabi
- Radinmehr Veterinary Laboratory, Radin Makian Azma Mehr Ltd, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Nazanin Mortazavi
- Dental Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, PO Box 4916953363, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Spruijtenburg B, de Souza Lima BJF, Tosar STG, Borman AM, Andersen CT, Nizamuddin S, Ahmad S, de Almeida Junior JN, Vicente VA, Nosanchuk JD, Buil JB, de Hoog S, Meijer EFJ, Meis JF, de Groot T. The yeast genus Tardiomyces gen. nov. with one new species and two new combinations. Infection 2024:10.1007/s15010-024-02229-6. [PMID: 38573472 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-024-02229-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Rare yeasts species are increasingly reported as causative agents of invasive human infection. Proper identification and antifungal therapy are essential to manage these infections. Candida blankii is one of these emerging pathogens and is known for its reduced susceptibility to multiple antifungals. METHODS To obtain more insight into the characteristics of this species, 26 isolates reported as C. blankii were investigated using genetic and phenotypical approaches. RESULTS Among the 26 isolates, seven recovered either from blood, sputum, urine, or the oral cavity, displayed substantial genetic and some phenotypical differences compared to the other isolates, which were confirmed as C. blankii. We consider these seven strains to represent a novel species, Tardiomyces depauwii. Phylogenomics assigned C. blankii, C. digboiensis, and the novel species in a distinct branch within the order Dipodascales, for which the novel genus Tardiomyces is erected. The new combinations Tardiomyces blankii and Tardiomyces digboiensis are introduced. Differences with related, strictly environmental genera Sugiyamaella, Crinitomyces, and Diddensiella are enumerated. All three Tardiomyces species share the rare ability to grow up to 42 °C, display slower growth in nutrient-poor media, and show a reduced susceptibility to azoles and echinocandins. Characteristics of T. depauwii include high MIC values with voriconazole and a unique protein pattern. CONCLUSION We propose the novel yeast species Tardiomyces depauwii and the transfer of C. blankii and C. digboiensis to the novel Tardiomyces genus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bram Spruijtenburg
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Radboudumc-CWZ Center of Expertise for Mycology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital (CWZ)/Dicoon, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Bruna Jacomel Favoreto de Souza Lima
- Radboudumc-CWZ Center of Expertise for Mycology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital (CWZ)/Dicoon, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology Post-Graduation Program, Department of Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Sonia T Granadillo Tosar
- Radboudumc-CWZ Center of Expertise for Mycology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital (CWZ)/Dicoon, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew M Borman
- UK Health Security Agency National Mycology Reference Laboratory, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | | | - Summiya Nizamuddin
- Section of Microbiology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Suhail Ahmad
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
| | | | - Vânia Aparecida Vicente
- Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology Post-Graduation Program, Department of Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Graduate Program, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
- Microbiological Collections of Paraná Network (CMRP/Taxonline), Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Joshua D Nosanchuk
- Department of Medicine (Division of Infectious Diseases) and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jochem B Buil
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboudumc-CWZ Center of Expertise for Mycology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sybren de Hoog
- Radboudumc-CWZ Center of Expertise for Mycology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology Post-Graduation Program, Department of Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Eelco F J Meijer
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboudumc-CWZ Center of Expertise for Mycology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital (CWZ)/Dicoon, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jacques F Meis
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboudumc-CWZ Center of Expertise for Mycology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institute of Translational Research, Cologne Excellence Cluster On Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Excellence Center for Medical Mycology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Theun de Groot
- Radboudumc-CWZ Center of Expertise for Mycology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital (CWZ)/Dicoon, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hasan J, Bok S. Plasmonic Fluorescence Sensors in Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:130. [PMID: 38534237 DOI: 10.3390/bios14030130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The increasing demand for rapid, cost-effective, and reliable diagnostic tools in personalized and point-of-care medicine is driving scientists to enhance existing technology platforms and develop new methods for detecting and measuring clinically significant biomarkers. Humanity is confronted with growing risks from emerging and recurring infectious diseases, including the influenza virus, dengue virus (DENV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Ebola virus, tuberculosis, cholera, and, most notably, SARS coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19), among others. Timely diagnosis of infections and effective disease control have always been of paramount importance. Plasmonic-based biosensing holds the potential to address the threat posed by infectious diseases by enabling prompt disease monitoring. In recent years, numerous plasmonic platforms have risen to the challenge of offering on-site strategies to complement traditional diagnostic methods like polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Disease detection can be accomplished through the utilization of diverse plasmonic phenomena, such as propagating surface plasmon resonance (SPR), localized SPR (LSPR), surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), surface-enhanced fluorescence (SEF), surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy, and plasmonic fluorescence sensors. This review focuses on diagnostic methods employing plasmonic fluorescence sensors, highlighting their pivotal role in swift disease detection with remarkable sensitivity. It underscores the necessity for continued research to expand the scope and capabilities of plasmonic fluorescence sensors in the field of diagnostics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juiena Hasan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ritchie School of Engineering and Computer Science, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA
| | - Sangho Bok
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ritchie School of Engineering and Computer Science, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Steyn HF, White LJ, Hilton KLF, Hiscock JR, Pohl CH. Supramolecular Self-Associating Amphiphiles Inhibit Biofilm Formation by the Critical Pathogens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:1770-1785. [PMID: 38222503 PMCID: PMC10785623 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
In 2019, 4.95 million deaths were directly attributed to antimicrobial-resistant bacterial infections globally. In addition, the mortality associated with fungal infections is estimated at 1.7 million annually, with many of these deaths attributed to species that are no longer susceptible to traditional therapeutic regimes. Herein, we demonstrate the use of a novel class of supramolecular self-associating amphiphilic (SSA) salts as antimicrobial agents against the critical pathogens Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans. We also identify preliminary structure-activity relationships for this class of compound that will aid the development of next-generation SSAs demonstrating enhanced antibiofilm activity. To gain insight into the possible mode of action for these agents, a series of microscopy studies were performed, taking advantage of the intrinsic fluorescent nature of benzothiazole-substituted SSAs. Analysis of these data showed that the SSAs interact with the cell surface and that a benzothiazole-containing SSA inhibits hyphal formation by C. albicans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik
J. F. Steyn
- Department
of Microbiology and Biochemistry, University
of the Free State, Bloemfontein, Free State 9301, South Africa
| | - Lisa J. White
- School
of Chemistry and Forensic Science, University
of Kent, Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NH, United Kingdom
| | - Kira L. F. Hilton
- School
of Chemistry and Forensic Science, University
of Kent, Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NH, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer R. Hiscock
- School
of Chemistry and Forensic Science, University
of Kent, Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NH, United Kingdom
| | - Carolina H. Pohl
- Department
of Microbiology and Biochemistry, University
of the Free State, Bloemfontein, Free State 9301, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ahmad S, Asadzadeh M, Al-Sweih N, Khan Z. Spectrum and management of rare Candida/yeast infections in Kuwait in the Middle East. Ther Adv Infect Dis 2024; 11:20499361241263733. [PMID: 39070702 PMCID: PMC11273600 DOI: 10.1177/20499361241263733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) are associated with high mortality rates and mostly affect patients with compromised immunity. The incidence of IFIs is increasing worldwide with the expanding population of susceptible patients. Candida and other yeast infections represent a major component of IFIs. Rare Candida/yeast infections have also increased in recent years and pose considerable diagnostic and management challenges as they are not easily recognized by routine phenotypic characteristic-based diagnostic methods and/or by the automated yeast identification systems. Rare Candida/yeasts also exhibit reduced susceptibility to antifungal drugs making proper management of invasive infections challenging. Here, we review the diagnosis and management of 60 cases of rare Candida/yeast IFIs described so far in Kuwait, an Arabian Gulf country in the Middle East. Interestingly, majority (34 of 60, 56.7%) of these rare Candida/yeast invasive infections occurred among neonates or premature, very-low-birth-weight neonates, usually following prior bacteremia episodes. The clinical details, treatment given, and outcome were available for 28 of 34 neonates. The crude mortality rate among these neonates was 32.2% as 19 of 28 (67.8%) survived the infection and were discharged in healthy condition, likely due to accurate diagnosis and frequent use of combination therapy. Physicians treating patients with extended stay under intensive care, on mechanical ventilation, receiving broad spectrum antibiotics and with gastrointestinal surgery/complications should proactively investigate IFIs. Timely diagnosis and early antifungal treatment are essential to decrease mortality. Understanding the epidemiology and spectrum of rare Candida/yeast invasive infections in different geographical regions, their susceptibility profiles and management will help to devise novel diagnostic and treatment approaches and formulate guidelines for improved patient outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suhail Ahmad
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 24923, Safat 13110, Kuwait
| | - Mohammad Asadzadeh
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait
| | - Noura Al-Sweih
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait
| | - Ziauddin Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Arévalo-Jaimes BV, Admella J, Blanco-Cabra N, Torrents E. Culture media influences Candida parapsilosis growth, susceptibility, and virulence. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1323619. [PMID: 38156315 PMCID: PMC10753817 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1323619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Candida parapsilosis, a pathogenic yeast associated with systemic infections, exhibits metabolic adaptability in response to nutrient availability. Methods We investigated the impact of RPMI glucose supplemented (RPMId), TSB, BHI and YPD media on C. parapsilosis growth, morphology, susceptibility (caspofungin and amphotericin B), and in vivo virulence (Galleria mellonella) in planktonic and biofilm states. Results High-glucose media favors growth but hinders metabolic activity and filamentation. Media promoting carbohydrate production reduces biofilm susceptibility. Virulence differences between planktonic cells and biofilm suspensions from the same media shows that biofilm-related factors influence infection outcome depending on nutrient availability. Pseudohyphal growth occurred in biofilms under low oxygen and shear stress, but its presence is not exclusively correlated with virulence. Discussion This study provides valuable insights into the intricate interplay between nutrient availability and C. parapsilosis pathogenicity. It emphasizes the importance of considering pathogen behavior in diverse conditions when designing research protocols and therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Betsy V. Arévalo-Jaimes
- Bacterial Infections and Antimicrobial Therapies Group (BIAT), Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Microbiology Section, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joana Admella
- Bacterial Infections and Antimicrobial Therapies Group (BIAT), Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Microbiology Section, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Blanco-Cabra
- Bacterial Infections and Antimicrobial Therapies Group (BIAT), Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Microbiology Section, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Torrents
- Bacterial Infections and Antimicrobial Therapies Group (BIAT), Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Microbiology Section, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Adnan M, Siddiqui AJ, Ashraf SA, Bardakci F, Alreshidi M, Badraoui R, Noumi E, Tepe B, Sachidanandan M, Patel M. Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, and Molecular Dynamics Simulation to Elucidate the Molecular Targets and Potential Mechanism of Phoenix dactylifera (Ajwa Dates) against Candidiasis. Pathogens 2023; 12:1369. [PMID: 38003833 PMCID: PMC10674288 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12111369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Candidiasis, caused by opportunistic fungal pathogens of the Candida genus, poses a significant threat to immunocompromised individuals. Natural compounds derived from medicinal plants have gained attention as potential sources of anti-fungal agents. Ajwa dates (Phoenix dactylifera L.) have been recognized for their diverse phytochemical composition and therapeutic potential. In this study, we employed a multi-faceted approach to explore the anti-candidiasis potential of Ajwa dates' phytochemicals. Utilizing network pharmacology, we constructed an interaction network to elucidate the intricate relationships between Ajwa dates phytoconstituents and the Candida-associated molecular targets of humans. Our analysis revealed key nodes in the network (STAT3, IL-2, PTPRC, STAT1, CASP1, ALB, TP53, TLR4, TNF and PPARG), suggesting the potential modulation of several crucial processes (the regulation of the response to a cytokine stimulus, regulation of the inflammatory response, positive regulation of cytokine production, cellular response to external stimulus, etc.) and fungal pathways (Th17 cell differentiation, the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, the C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway and necroptosis). To validate these findings, molecular docking studies were conducted, revealing the binding affinities of the phytochemicals towards selected Candida protein targets of humans (ALB-rutin (-9.7 kJ/mol), STAT1-rutin (-9.2 kJ/mol), STAT3-isoquercetin (-8.7 kJ/mol), IL2-β-carotene (-8.5 kJ/mol), CASP1-β-carotene (-8.2 kJ/mol), TP53-isoquercetin (-8.8 kJ/mol), PPARG-luteolin (-8.3 kJ/mol), TNF-βcarotene (-7.7 kJ/mol), TLR4-rutin (-7.4 kJ/mol) and PTPRC-rutin (-7.0 kJ/mol)). Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations of rutin-ALB and rutin-STAT1 complex were performed to gain insights into the stability and dynamics of the identified ligand-target complexes over time. Overall, the results not only contribute to the understanding of the molecular interactions underlying the anti-fungal potential of specific phytochemicals of Ajwa dates in humans but also provide a rational basis for the development of novel therapeutic strategies against candidiasis in humans. This study underscores the significance of network pharmacology, molecular docking and dynamics simulations in accelerating the discovery of natural products as effective anti-fungal agents. However, further experimental validation of the identified compounds is warranted to translate these findings into practical therapeutic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Adnan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 55473, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.)
- Medical and Diagnostic Research Centre, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 55473, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arif Jamal Siddiqui
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 55473, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.)
- Medical and Diagnostic Research Centre, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 55473, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Amir Ashraf
- Medical and Diagnostic Research Centre, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 55473, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medial Sciences, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 55473, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fevzi Bardakci
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 55473, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.)
- Medical and Diagnostic Research Centre, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 55473, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mousa Alreshidi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 55473, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.)
- Medical and Diagnostic Research Centre, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 55473, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riadh Badraoui
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 55473, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.)
- Medical and Diagnostic Research Centre, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 55473, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emira Noumi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 55473, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.)
- Medical and Diagnostic Research Centre, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 55473, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bektas Tepe
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Literature, Kilis 7 Aralik University, Kilis TR-79000, Turkey
| | - Manojkumar Sachidanandan
- Medical and Diagnostic Research Centre, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 55473, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Oral Radiology, College of Dentistry, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 55473, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mitesh Patel
- Department of Biotechnology, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences and Centre of Research for Development, Parul University, Vadodara 391760, India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Menu E, Filori Q, Dufour JC, Ranque S, L’Ollivier C. A Repertoire of the Less Common Clinical Yeasts. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:1099. [PMID: 37998905 PMCID: PMC10671991 DOI: 10.3390/jof9111099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasive fungal diseases are a public health problem. They affect a constantly increasing number of at-risk patients, and their incidence has risen in recent years. These opportunistic infections are mainly due to Candida sp. but less common or rare yeast infections should not be underestimated. These so-called "less common" yeasts include Ascomycota of the genera Candida (excluding the five major Candida species), Magnusiomyces/Saprochaete, Malassezia, and Saccharomyces, and Basidiomycota of the genera Cryptococcus (excluding the Cryptococcus neoformans/gattii complex members), Rhodotorula, and Trichosporon. The aim of this review is to (i) inventory the less common yeasts isolated in humans, (ii) provide details regarding the specific anatomical locations where they have been detected and the clinical characteristics of the resulting infections, and (iii) provide an update on yeast taxonomy. Of the total of 239,890 fungal taxa and their associated synonyms sourced from the MycoBank and NCBI Taxonomy databases, we successfully identified 192 yeasts, including 127 Ascomycota and 65 Basidiomycota. This repertoire allows us to highlight rare yeasts and their tropism for certain anatomical sites and will provide an additional tool for diagnostic management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Menu
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13385 Marseille, France; (S.R.); (C.L.)
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Service de Santé des Armées, VITROME: Vecteurs-Infections Tropicales et Méditerranéennes, Aix Marseille Université, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Quentin Filori
- INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l’Information Médicale, ISSPAM, Aix Marseille University, 13385 Marseille, France; (Q.F.); (J.-C.D.)
| | - Jean-Charles Dufour
- INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l’Information Médicale, ISSPAM, Aix Marseille University, 13385 Marseille, France; (Q.F.); (J.-C.D.)
- APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service Biostatistique et Technologies de l’Information et de la Communication, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Stéphane Ranque
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13385 Marseille, France; (S.R.); (C.L.)
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Service de Santé des Armées, VITROME: Vecteurs-Infections Tropicales et Méditerranéennes, Aix Marseille Université, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Coralie L’Ollivier
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13385 Marseille, France; (S.R.); (C.L.)
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Service de Santé des Armées, VITROME: Vecteurs-Infections Tropicales et Méditerranéennes, Aix Marseille Université, 13385 Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kaur G, Chawla S, Kumar P, Singh R. Advancing Vaccine Strategies against Candida Infections: Exploring New Frontiers. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1658. [PMID: 38005990 PMCID: PMC10674196 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11111658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans, along with several non-albicans Candida species, comprise a prominent fungal pathogen in humans, leading to candidiasis in various organs. The global impact of candidiasis in terms of disease burden, suffering, and fatalities is alarmingly high, making it a pressing global healthcare concern. Current treatment options rely on antifungal drugs such as azoles, polyenes, and echinocandins but are delimited due to the emergence of drug-resistant strains and associated adverse effects. The current review highlights the striking absence of a licensed antifungal vaccine for human use and the urgent need to shift our focus toward developing an anti-Candida vaccine. A number of factors affect the development of vaccines against fungal infections, including the host, intraspecies and interspecies antigenic variations, and hence, a lack of commercial interest. In addition, individuals with a high risk of fungal infection tend to be immunocompromised, so they are less likely to respond to inactivated or subunit whole organisms. Therefore, it is pertinent to discover newer and novel alternative strategies to develop safe and effective vaccines against fungal infections. This review article provides an overview of current vaccination strategies (live attenuated, whole-cell killed, subunit, conjugate, and oral vaccine), including their preclinical and clinical data on efficacy and safety. We also discuss the mechanisms of immune protection against candidiasis, including the role of innate and adaptive immunity and potential biomarkers of protection. Challenges, solutions, and future directions in vaccine development, namely, exploring novel adjuvants, harnessing the trained immunity, and utilizing immunoinformatics approaches for vaccine design and development, are also discussed. This review concludes with a summary of key findings, their implications for clinical practice and public health, and a call to action for continued investment in candidiasis vaccine research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gurpreet Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Chandigarh College of Technology (CCT), Chandigarh Group of Colleges (CGC), Landran, Mohali 140307, India
| | - Sonam Chawla
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Sector 62, Noida 201309, India; (S.C.)
| | - Piyush Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Sector 62, Noida 201309, India; (S.C.)
| | - Ritu Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Sector 62, Noida 201309, India; (S.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Galeane MC, Gomes PC, Singulani JL, Mendes-Giannini MJ, Fusco-Almeida AM. Study of IsCT analogue peptide against Candida albicans and toxicity/teratogenicity in zebrafish embryos ( Danio rerio). Future Microbiol 2023; 18:939-947. [PMID: 37702001 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2022-0210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: An IsCT analogue peptide (PepM3) was designed based on structural studies of wasp mastoparans and tested against Candida albicans. Its effects on fungal cell membranes and toxicity were evaluated. Materials & methods: Antifungal activity was analyzed using a microdilution susceptibility test. Toxicity was assessed using human skin keratinocytes (HaCaT) and zebrafish embryos. Results: PepM3 demonstrated activity against C. albicans and a synergistic effect with amphotericin B. The peptide presented fungicidal action with damage to the fungal cell membrane, low toxicity in HaCat cells and was nonteratogenic in zebrafish embryos. Conclusion: Evaluating structural modifications is essential for the development of new agents with potential activity against fungal pathogens and for the reduction of toxic and teratogenic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana C Galeane
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo C Gomes
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Junya L Singulani
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Js Mendes-Giannini
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana M Fusco-Almeida
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Spruijtenburg B, Rudramurthy SM, Meijer EFJ, van Haren MHI, Kaur H, Chakrabarti A, Meis JF, de Groot T. Application of Novel Short Tandem Repeat Typing for Wickerhamomyces anomalus Reveals Simultaneous Outbreaks within a Single Hospital. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1525. [PMID: 37375027 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Wickerhamomyces anomalus, previously known as Candida pelliculosa, occasionally causes candidemia in humans, primarily infecting neonates, and infants. The mortality rate of these invasive infections is high, and isolates with a reduced susceptibility to fluconazole have been reported. W. anomalus outbreaks are regularly reported in healthcare facilities, especially in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). In order to rapidly genotype isolates with a high-resolution, we developed and applied a short tandem repeat (STR) typing scheme for W. anomalus. Six STR markers were selected and amplified in two multiplex PCRs, M3 and M6, respectively. In total, 90 W. anomalus isolates were typed, leading to the identification of 38 different genotypes. Four large clusters were found, unveiling simultaneous outbreak events spread across multiple units within the same hospital. STR typing results of 11 isolates were compared to whole-genome sequencing (WGS) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) calling, and the identified genotypic relationships were highly concordant. We performed antifungal susceptibility testing of these isolates, and a reduced susceptibility to fluconazole was found for two (2.3%) isolates. ERG11 genes of these two isolates were examined using WGS data, which revealed a novel I469L substitution in one isolate. By constructing a homology model for W. anomalus ERG11p, the substitution was found in close proximity to the fluconazole binding site. In summary, we showed multiple W. anomalus outbreak events by applying a novel STR genotyping scheme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bram Spruijtenburg
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, 6532 SZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Centre of Expertise in Mycology, Radboud University Medical Center/Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, 6532 SZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Shivaprakash M Rudramurthy
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Eelco F J Meijer
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, 6532 SZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Centre of Expertise in Mycology, Radboud University Medical Center/Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, 6532 SZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Merlijn H I van Haren
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, 6532 SZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Harsimran Kaur
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Arunaloke Chakrabarti
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Jacques F Meis
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, 6532 SZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Centre of Expertise in Mycology, Radboud University Medical Center/Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, 6532 SZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Excellence Center for Medical Mycology, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Theun de Groot
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, 6532 SZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Centre of Expertise in Mycology, Radboud University Medical Center/Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, 6532 SZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|