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Miki Y, Yoshii M, Miyauchi R, Kasashima H, Fukuoka T, Tamura T, Shibutani M, Toyokawa T, Lee S, Yashiro M, Maeda K. Prognostic significance of connective tissue growth factor expression in stromal cells in patients with diffuse‑type gastric cancer. Oncol Lett 2024; 27:241. [PMID: 38618645 PMCID: PMC11008098 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2024.14374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is a target gene of the Hippo signaling pathway. Its differential role in the histological types of gastric cancer (GC) remains unknown; therefore, the present study aimed to confirm the clinical significance of CTGF expression in cancer and stromal cells in patients with GC depending on the histological type. The present study enrolled 589 patients with GC. Immunohistochemistry was used to analyze CTGF expression in cancer and stromal cells. CTGF mRNA expression data and the corresponding clinical information of GC samples were collected from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Subsequently, the associations between CTGF expression and several clinicopathological factors were investigated. In the present study, CTGF expression was mainly observed in the cytoplasm of cancer and stromal cells. CTGF expression in stromal cells was significantly associated with CTGF expression in cancer cells (P<0.001). CTGF positivity in stromal cells was also significantly associated with intestinal type, non-scirrhous type, tumor depth (T1-2), lymph node metastasis (negative), lymphatic invasion (negative) and tumor size (<5 cm). Low CTGF expression in stromal cells was independently associated with worse overall survival (OS). Furthermore, the OS of patients with low CTGF expression in stromal cells, especially in patients with diffuse-type GC, was significantly worse than patients with high CTGF expression (P=0.022). This trend was similar to that revealed by TCGA data analysis. In conclusion, low CTGF expression was associated with a significantly worse OS in patients with diffuse-type GC. These data indicated that CTGF, and its control by the Hippo pathway, may be considered potential treatment targets in diffuse-type GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Miki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Mami Yoshii
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Ryoko Miyauchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kasashima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Tatsunari Fukuoka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
- Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Tamura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Masatsune Shibutani
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Takahiro Toyokawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Shigeru Lee
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Masakazu Yashiro
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
- Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Maeda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
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2
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Matsuoka T, Yashiro M. The Role of the Transforming Growth Factor-β Signaling Pathway in Gastrointestinal Cancers. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1551. [PMID: 37892233 PMCID: PMC10605301 DOI: 10.3390/biom13101551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) has attracted attention as a tumor suppressor because of its potent growth-suppressive effect on epithelial cells. Dysregulation of the TGF-β signaling pathway is considered to be one of the key factors in carcinogenesis, and genetic alterations affecting TGF-β signaling are extraordinarily common in cancers of the gastrointestinal system, such as hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer and pancreatic cancer. Accumulating evidence suggests that TGF-β is produced from various types of cells in the tumor microenvironment and mediates extracellular matrix deposition, tumor angiogenesis, the formation of CAFs, and suppression of the anti-tumor immune reaction. It is also being considered as a factor that promotes the malignant transformation of cancer, particularly the invasion and metastasis of cancer cells, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Therefore, elucidating the role of TGF-β signaling in carcinogenesis, cancer invasion, and metastasis will provide novel basic insight for diagnosis and prognosis and the development of new molecularly targeted therapies for gastrointestinal cancers. In this review, we outline an overview of the complex mechanisms and functions of TGF-β signaling. Furthermore, we discuss the therapeutic potentials of targeting the TGF-β signaling pathway for gastrointestinal cancer treatment and discuss the remaining challenges and future perspectives on targeting this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masakazu Yashiro
- Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 5458585, Japan;
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3
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Al-Jazrawe M, Xu S, Poon R, Wei Q, Przybyl J, Varma S, van de Rijn M, Alman BA. CD142 Identifies Neoplastic Desmoid Tumor Cells, Uncovering Interactions Between Neoplastic and Stromal Cells That Drive Proliferation. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:697-708. [PMID: 37377751 PMCID: PMC10128091 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-22-0403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between neoplastic and stromal cells within a tumor mass plays an important role in cancer biology. However, it is challenging to distinguish between tumor and stromal cells in mesenchymal tumors because lineage-specific cell surface markers typically used in other cancers do not distinguish between the different cell subpopulations. Desmoid tumors consist of mesenchymal fibroblast-like cells driven by mutations stabilizing beta-catenin. Here we aimed to identify surface markers that can distinguish mutant cells from stromal cells to study tumor-stroma interactions. We analyzed colonies derived from single cells from human desmoid tumors using a high-throughput surface antigen screen, to characterize the mutant and nonmutant cells. We found that CD142 is highly expressed by the mutant cell populations and correlates with beta-catenin activity. CD142-based cell sorting isolated the mutant population from heterogeneous samples, including one where no mutation was previously detected by traditional Sanger sequencing. We then studied the secretome of mutant and nonmutant fibroblastic cells. PTX3 is one stroma-derived secreted factor that increases mutant cell proliferation via STAT6 activation. These data demonstrate a sensitive method to quantify and distinguish neoplastic from stromal cells in mesenchymal tumors. It identifies proteins secreted by nonmutant cells that regulate mutant cell proliferation that could be therapeutically. Significance Distinguishing between neoplastic (tumor) and non-neoplastic (stromal) cells within mesenchymal tumors is particularly challenging, because lineage-specific cell surface markers typically used in other cancers do not differentiate between the different cell subpopulations. Here, we developed a strategy combining clonal expansion with surface proteome profiling to identify markers for quantifying and isolating mutant and nonmutant cell subpopulations in desmoid tumors, and to study their interactions via soluble factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mushriq Al-Jazrawe
- Hospital for Sick Children, Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Steven Xu
- Hospital for Sick Children, Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Raymond Poon
- Hospital for Sick Children, Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Qingxia Wei
- Hospital for Sick Children, Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joanna Przybyl
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Sushama Varma
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Matt van de Rijn
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Benjamin A. Alman
- Hospital for Sick Children, Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- Regeneration Next Initiative, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
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Zhou Z, Guo S, Lai S, Wang T, Du Y, Deng J, Zhang S, Gao G, Zhang J. Integrated single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing analysis identifies a cancer-associated fibroblast-related gene signature for predicting survival and therapy in gastric cancer. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:108. [PMID: 36717783 PMCID: PMC9887891 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10332-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
As the dominant component of the tumor microenvironment, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), play a vital role in tumor progression. An increasing number of studies have confirmed that CAFs are involved in almost every aspect of tumors including tumorigenesis, metabolism, invasion, metastasis and drug resistance, and CAFs provide an attractive therapeutic target. This study aimed to explore the feature genes of CAFs for potential therapeutic targets and reliable prediction of prognosis in patients with gastric cancer (GC). Bioinformatic analysis was utilized to identify the feature genes of CAFs in GC by performing an integrated analysis of single-cell and transcriptome RNA sequencing using R software. Based on these feature genes, a CAF-related gene signature was constructed for prognostic prediction by LASSO. Simultaneously, survival analysis and nomogram were performed to validate the prognostic predictive value of this gene signature, and qRT-PCR and immunohistochemical staining verified the expression of the feature genes of CAFs. In addition, small molecular drugs for gene therapy of CAF-related gene signatures in GC patients were identified using the connectivity map (CMAP) database. A combination of nine CAF-related genes was constructed to characterize the prognosis of GC, and the prognostic potential and differential expression of the gene signature were initially validated. Additionally, three small molecular drugs were deduced to have anticancer properties on GC progression. By integrating single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing analyses, a novel gene signature of CAFs was constructed. The results provide a positive impact on future research and clinical studies involving CAFs for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyang Zhou
- grid.412604.50000 0004 1758 4073Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province China
| | - Sixuan Guo
- grid.260463.50000 0001 2182 8825Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province China
| | - Shuhui Lai
- grid.260463.50000 0001 2182 8825Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province China
| | - Tao Wang
- grid.412604.50000 0004 1758 4073Department of Day Ward, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province China
| | - Yao Du
- grid.412604.50000 0004 1758 4073Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province China
| | - Junping Deng
- grid.412604.50000 0004 1758 4073Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province China
| | - Shun Zhang
- grid.412604.50000 0004 1758 4073Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province China
| | - Ge Gao
- grid.412604.50000 0004 1758 4073Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province China
| | - Jiangnan Zhang
- grid.412604.50000 0004 1758 4073Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province China
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5
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Tissue factor-induced fibrinogenesis mediates cancer cell clustering and multiclonal peritoneal metastasis. Cancer Lett 2023; 553:215983. [PMID: 36404569 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Peritoneal metastasis is one of the most frequent causes of death in several types of advanced cancers; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, we exploited multicolor fluorescent lineage tracking to investigate the clonality of peritoneal metastasis in mouse xenograft models. When peritoneal metastasis was induced by intraperitoneal or orthotopic injection of multicolored cancer cells, each peritoneally metastasized tumor displayed multicolor fluorescence regardless of metastasis sites, indicating that it consists of multiclonal cancer cell populations. Multicolored cancer cell clusters form within the peritoneal cavity and collectively attach to the peritoneum. In vitro, peritoneal lavage fluid or cleared ascitic fluid derived from cancer patients induces cancer cell clustering, which is inhibited by anticoagulants. Cancer cell clusters formed in vitro and in vivo are associated with fibrin formation. Furthermore, tissue factor knockout in cancer cells abrogates cell clustering, peritoneal attachment, and peritoneal metastasis. Thus, we propose that cancer cells activate the coagulation cascade via tissue factor to form fibrin-mediated cell clusters and promote peritoneal attachment; these factors lead to the development of multiclonal peritoneal metastasis and may be therapeutic targets.
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6
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Comprehensive transcriptomic profiling and mutational landscape of primary gastric linitis plastica. Gastric Cancer 2023; 26:203-219. [PMID: 36450891 PMCID: PMC9950178 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-022-01353-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary gastric linitis plastica (GLP) is a distinct phenotype of gastric cancer with poor survival. Comprehensive molecular profiles and putative therapeutic targets of GLP remain undetermined. METHODS We subjected 10 tumor-normal tissue pairs to whole exome sequencing (WES) and whole transcriptome sequencing (WTS). 10 tumor samples were all GLP which involves 100% of the gastric wall macroscopically. TCGA data were compared to generate the top mutated genes and the overexpressed genes in GLP. RESULTS Our results reveal that GLP has distinctive genomic and transcriptomic features, dysfunction in the Hippo pathway is likely to be a key step during GLP development. 6 genes were identified as significantly highly mutated genes in GLP, including AOX1, ANKRD36C, CPXM1, PTPN14, RPAP1, and DCDC1). MUC6, as a previously identified gastric cancer driver gene, has a high mutation rate (20%) in GLP. 20% of patients in our GLP cohort had CDH1 mutations, while none had RHOA mutations. GLP exhibits high immunodeficiency and low AMPK pathway activity. Our WTS results showed that 3 PI3K-AKT pathway-related genes (PIK3R2, AKT3, and IGF1) were significantly up-regulated in GLP. Two genes were identified using immunohistochemistry (IHC), IGF2BP3 and MUC16, which specifically expressed in diffuse-type-related gastric cancer cell lines, and its knockdown inhibits PI3K-AKT pathway activity. CONCLUSIONS We provide the first integrative genomic and transcriptomic profiles of GLP, which may facilitate its diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment.
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Yamamoto Y, Kasashima H, Fukui Y, Tsujio G, Yashiro M, Maeda K. The heterogeneity of cancer-associated fibroblast subpopulations: Their origins, biomarkers, and roles in the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Sci 2022; 114:16-24. [PMID: 36197901 PMCID: PMC9807521 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The prognosis for patients with cancers known for a highly activated stromal reaction, including diffuse-type (scirrhous) gastric cancer, consensus molecular subtype 4 (CMS4) colorectal cancer, and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, is extremely poor. To explore the resistance of conventional therapy for those refractory cancers, detailed classification and investigation of the different subsets of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) involved are needed. Recent studies with a single-cell transcriptomics strategy (single-cell RNA-seq) have demonstrated that CAF subpopulations contain different origins and marker proteins with the capacity to either promote or suppress cancer progression. Through multiple signaling pathways, CAFs can promote tumor growth, metastasis, and angiogenesis with extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling; they can also interact with tumor-infiltrating immune cells and modulate the antitumor immunological state in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Here, we review the recent literature on the various subpopulations of CAFs to improve our understanding of the cell-cell interactions in the TME and highlight future avenues for CAF-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurie Yamamoto
- Molecular Oncology and TherapeuticsOsaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of MedicineOsakaJapan
| | - Hiroaki Kasashima
- Molecular Oncology and TherapeuticsOsaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of MedicineOsakaJapan,Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryOsaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of MedicineOsakaJapan
| | - Yasuhiro Fukui
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryOsaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of MedicineOsakaJapan
| | - Gen Tsujio
- Molecular Oncology and TherapeuticsOsaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of MedicineOsakaJapan,Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryOsaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of MedicineOsakaJapan
| | - Masakazu Yashiro
- Molecular Oncology and TherapeuticsOsaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of MedicineOsakaJapan
| | - Kiyoshi Maeda
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryOsaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of MedicineOsakaJapan
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Receptor Tyrosine Kinases Amplified in Diffuse-Type Gastric Carcinoma: Potential Targeted Therapies and Novel Downstream Effectors. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153750. [PMID: 35954414 PMCID: PMC9367326 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Diffuse-type gastric carcinoma (DGC) is an aggressive subtype of gastric carcinoma with an extremely poor prognosis due to frequent peritoneal metastasis and high probability of recurrence. Its pathogenesis is poorly understood, and consequently, no effective molecular targeted therapy is available. The importance of oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling has been recently demonstrated in the malignant progression of DGC. In particular, RTK gene amplification appears to accelerate peritoneal metastasis. In this review, we provide an overview of RTK gene amplification in DGC and the potential of related targeted therapies. Abstract Gastric cancer (GC) is a major cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Patients with an aggressive subtype of GC, known as diffuse-type gastric carcinoma (DGC), have extremely poor prognoses. DGC is characterized by rapid infiltrative growth, massive desmoplastic stroma, frequent peritoneal metastasis, and high probability of recurrence. These clinical features and progression patterns of DGC substantially differ from those of other GC subtypes, suggesting the existence of specific oncogenic signals. The importance of gene amplification and the resulting aberrant activation of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling in the malignant progression of DGC is becoming apparent. Here, we review the characteristics of RTK gene amplification in DGC and its importance in peritoneal metastasis. These insights may potentially lead to new targeted therapeutics.
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Alzeeb G, Dubreuil M, Arzur D, Rivet S, Corcos L, Grand YL, Le Jossic-Corcos C. Gastric cancer multicellular spheroid analysis by two-photon microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:3120-3130. [PMID: 35774334 PMCID: PMC9203106 DOI: 10.1364/boe.450518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is highly deadly. Three-dimensional (3D) cancer cell cultures, known as spheroids, better mimic tumor microenvironment (TME) than standard 2D cultures. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF), a major cellular component of TME, promote or restrain cancer cell proliferation, invasion and resistance to drugs. We established spheroids from two human GC cell lines mixed with human primary CAF. Spheroid organization, analyzed by two-photon microscopy, showed CAF in AGS/CAF spheroids clustered in the center, but dispersed throughout in HGT-1/CAF spheroids. Such differences may reflect clonal specificities of GC cell lines and point to the fact that GC should be considered as a highly personalized disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Alzeeb
- Univ Brest, Inserm, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, F-29200 Brest, France
| | - Matthieu Dubreuil
- Univ Brest, Laboratory of Optics and Magnetism OPTIMAG EA 938, F-29200 Brest, France
| | - Danielle Arzur
- Univ Brest, Inserm, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, F-29200 Brest, France
| | - Sylvain Rivet
- Univ Brest, Laboratory of Optics and Magnetism OPTIMAG EA 938, F-29200 Brest, France
| | - Laurent Corcos
- Inserm, Univ Brest, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, F-29200 Brest, France
- CHU de Brest, INSERM, Univ Brest, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, F-29200 Brest, France
| | - Yann Le Grand
- Univ Brest, Laboratory of Optics and Magnetism OPTIMAG EA 938, F-29200 Brest, France
- Equal contribution
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Cancer-associated fibroblasts-derived HAPLN1 promotes tumour invasion through extracellular matrix remodeling in gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer 2022; 25:346-359. [PMID: 34724589 PMCID: PMC8882084 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-021-01259-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the most principal cells of depositing and remodeling extracellular matrix (ECM) within solid tumours. Both CAFs and ECM have been demonstrated to play critical roles in tumour development. However, the functional roles of CAFs-associated ECM or ECM remodeling in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer remain unclear. METHODS Bioinformatics analysis of the differentially expressed genes between CAFs and corresponding normal fibroblasts (NFs) in gastric cancer was performed. The clinical relevance of hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 1 (HAPLN1) was investigated using TCGA data and human gastric cancer specimens. Spheroid cell invasion assay and nude mouse xenograft model were introduced to assay cell invasion. Second harmonic generation (SHG) was used to image and analyze the changes of collagen fibers in ECM. RESULTS HAPLN1 was identified as the most significantly up-regulated gene in CAFs of gastric cancer, and higher HAPLN1 levels were associated with shorter overall survival. HAPLN1 was prominently produced by CAFs, and its levels were correlated positively with tumor T staging (P < 0.0001), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.0006) and TNM stage (P = 0.0063). Mechanically, gastric cancer cells activate fibroblasts to up-regulate HAPLN1 expression via activation of TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling, which in turn promotes tumour migration and invasion. Importantly, SHG assays with mouse xenograft models and human samples further demonstrated CAFs-derived HAPLN1 increased tumour invasiveness through ECM remodeling. CONCLUSIONS This study sheds light on the role of CAFs-derived HAPLN1 in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer, and provides insights for the development of novel strategies for prevention and treatment of gastric carcinoma.
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Miyamoto S, Nagano Y, Miyazaki M, Nagamura Y, Sasaki K, Kawamura T, Yanagihara K, Imai T, Ohki R, Yashiro M, Tanaka M, Sakai R, Yamaguchi H. Integrin α5 mediates cancer cell-fibroblast adhesion and peritoneal dissemination of diffuse-type gastric carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2021; 526:335-345. [PMID: 34775002 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diffuse-type gastric carcinoma (DGC) has a poor prognosis due to its rapid diffusive infiltration and frequent peritoneal dissemination. DGC is associated with massive fibrosis caused by aberrant proliferation of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Previously, we reported that direct heterocellular interaction between cancer cells and CAFs is important for the peritoneal dissemination of DGC. In this study, we aimed to identify and target the molecules that mediate such heterocellular interactions. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against intact DGC cells were generated and subjected to high-throughput screening to obtain several mAbs that inhibit the adhesion of DGC cells to CAFs. Immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry revealed that all mAbs recognized integrin α5 complexed with integrin β1. Blocking integrin α5 in DGC cells or fibronectin, a ligand of integrin α5β1, deposited on CAFs abrogated the heterocellular interaction. Administration of mAbs or knockout of integrin α5 in DGC cells suppressed their invasion led by CAFs in vitro and peritoneal dissemination in a mouse xenograft model. Altogether, these findings demonstrate that integrin α5 mediates the heterotypic cancer cell-fibroblast interaction during peritoneal dissemination of DGC and may thus be a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Miyamoto
- Department of Cancer Cell Research, Sasaki Institute, Sasaki Foundation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Nagano
- Department of Cancer Cell Research, Sasaki Institute, Sasaki Foundation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Miyazaki
- Department of Cancer Cell Research, Sasaki Institute, Sasaki Foundation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Nagamura
- Department of Cancer Cell Research, Sasaki Institute, Sasaki Foundation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuki Sasaki
- Department of Peptidomics, Sasaki Institute, Sasaki Foundation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kawamura
- Proteomics Laboratory, Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Yanagihara
- Division of Biomarker Discovery, Exploratory Oncology & Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Toshio Imai
- Department of Animal Experimentation, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rieko Ohki
- Laboratory of Fundamental Oncology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masakazu Yashiro
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masato Tanaka
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Sakai
- Department of Biochemistry, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hideki Yamaguchi
- Department of Cancer Cell Research, Sasaki Institute, Sasaki Foundation, Tokyo, Japan.
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Sugimoto A, Okuno T, Miki Y, Tsujio G, Sera T, Yamamoto Y, Kushiyama S, Nishimura S, Kuroda K, Togano S, Maruo K, Kasashima H, Ohira M, Yashiro M. EMMPRIN in extracellular vesicles from peritoneal mesothelial cells stimulates the invasion activity of diffuse-type gastric cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2021; 521:169-177. [PMID: 34474145 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer (GC) results in extremely poor prognoses. The peritoneal cavity is covered by a monolayer of peritoneal mesothelial cells (PMCs). Interactions between GC cells and PMCs might play a pivotal role in peritoneal metastasis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) correlate with intercellular communication. Although intercellular communication between cancer cells and PMCs might be associated with the peritoneal metastatic process, the role of EVs from PMCs remains unclear. We investigated the effects of EVs from PMCs on GC cells. Three GC cell lines (OCUM-12, NUGC-3, and MKN74) and four mesothelial cell lines were used. The effects of EVs derived from the PMCs on the invasion and migration of GC cells were evaluated by Matrigel invasion assay. Factors contained in the PMC EVs were analyzed; extra-cellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) was detected in the EVs. The effects of an EMMPRIN inhibitor on the invasion-stimulating activity of EVs were examined. The EMMPRIN expressions of 110 GCs were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. PMC EVs significantly promoted the invasion of diffuse-type GC cells, i.e., OCUM-12 and NUGC-3 cells. EMMPRIN in the EVs stimulated the invasion of OCUM-12 and NUGC-3 cells. The invasion-stimulating activity of PMC EVs was inhibited by the EMMPRIN inhibitor. A high EMMPRIN expression in PMCs was significantly associated with worse cancer-specific survival and peritoneal-recurrence-free survival. EMMPRIN in EVs from PMCs might stimulate the malignant progression of diffuse-type GC. EMMPRIN might be a useful prognostic marker of recurrence in GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Sugimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Cancer Center for Translational Research, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Okuno
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Cancer Center for Translational Research, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Miki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Cancer Center for Translational Research, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Gen Tsujio
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Cancer Center for Translational Research, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Sera
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Cancer Center for Translational Research, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yurie Yamamoto
- Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Cancer Center for Translational Research, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shuhei Kushiyama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Cancer Center for Translational Research, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sadaaki Nishimura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Cancer Center for Translational Research, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenji Kuroda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Cancer Center for Translational Research, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shingo Togano
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Cancer Center for Translational Research, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koji Maruo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Cancer Center for Translational Research, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kasashima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Cancer Center for Translational Research, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaichi Ohira
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Masakazu Yashiro
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Cancer Center for Translational Research, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
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13
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SHP2 as a Potential Therapeutic Target in Diffuse-Type Gastric Carcinoma Addicted to Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Signaling. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13174309. [PMID: 34503119 PMCID: PMC8430696 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Diffuse-type gastric carcinoma (DGC) is characterized by rapid infiltrative growth associated with massive stroma and frequent peritoneal dissemination, which leads to poor patient outcomes. In this study, we found that the oncogenic tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 is tyrosine-phosphorylated downstream of the amplified receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) Met and fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) in DGC cell lines. SHP2 knockdown or pharmacological inhibition selectively suppressed the growth of DGC addicted to amplified Met and FGFR2. Moreover, targeting SHP2 abrogated malignant phenotypes, including peritoneal dissemination, of Met-addicted DGC and could overcome acquired resistance to Met inhibitors. Our findings suggest that SHP2 is a potential target for the treatment of DGC addicted to amplified RTK signaling. Abstract Diffuse-type gastric carcinoma (DGC) exhibits aggressive progression associated with rapid infiltrative growth, massive fibrosis, and peritoneal dissemination. Gene amplification of Met and fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) has been observed in DGC. However, the signaling pathways that promote DGC progression downstream of these RTKs remain to be fully elucidated. We previously identified an oncogenic tyrosine phosphatase, SHP2, using phospho-proteomic analysis of DGC cells with Met gene amplification. In this study, we characterized SHP2 in the progression of DGC and assessed the therapeutic potential of targeting SHP2. Although SHP2 was expressed in all gastric carcinoma cell lines examined, its tyrosine phosphorylation preferentially occurred in several DGC cell lines with Met or FGFR2 gene amplification. Met or FGFR inhibitor treatment or knockdown markedly reduced SHP2 tyrosine phosphorylation. Knockdown or pharmacological inhibition of SHP2 selectively suppressed the growth of DGC cells addicted to Met or FGFR2, even when they acquired resistance to Met inhibitors. Moreover, SHP2 knockdown or pharmacological inhibition blocked the migration and invasion of Met-addicted DGC cells in vitro and their peritoneal dissemination in a mouse xenograft model. These results indicate that SHP2 is a critical regulator of the malignant progression of RTK-addicted DGC and may be a therapeutic target.
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14
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Tang XH, Guo T, Gao XY, Wu XL, Xing XF, Ji JF, Li ZY. Exosome-derived noncoding RNAs in gastric cancer: functions and clinical applications. Mol Cancer 2021; 20:99. [PMID: 34330299 PMCID: PMC8323226 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-021-01396-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are a subpopulation of the tumour microenvironment (TME) that transmit various biological molecules to promote intercellular communication. Exosomes are derived from nearly all types of cells and exist in all body fluids. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are among the most abundant contents in exosomes, and some ncRNAs with biological functions are specifically packaged into exosomes. Recent studies have revealed that exosome-derived ncRNAs play crucial roles in the tumorigenesis, progression and drug resistance of gastric cancer (GC). In addition, regulating the expression levels of exosomal ncRNAs can promote or suppress GC progression. Moreover, the membrane structures of exosomes protect ncRNAs from degradation by enzymes and other chemical substances, significantly increasing the stability of exosomal ncRNAs. Specific hallmarks within exosomes that can be used for exosome identification, and specific contents can be used to determine their origin. Therefore, exosomal ncRNAs are suitable for use as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers or therapeutic targets. Regulating the biogenesis of exosomes and the expression levels of exosomal ncRNAs may represent a new way to block or eradicate GC. In this review, we summarized the origins and characteristics of exosomes and analysed the association between exosomal ncRNAs and GC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Huan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 52 Fu-Cheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, P.R. China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Ward I, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 52 Fu-Cheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, P.R. China
| | - Ting Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 52 Fu-Cheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, P.R. China
| | - Xiang-Yu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 52 Fu-Cheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, P.R. China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Ward I, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 52 Fu-Cheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Long Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 52 Fu-Cheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, P.R. China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Ward I, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 52 Fu-Cheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Fang Xing
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 52 Fu-Cheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, P.R. China.
| | - Jia-Fu Ji
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 52 Fu-Cheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, P.R. China. .,Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Ward I, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 52 Fu-Cheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, P.R. China.
| | - Zi-Yu Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 52 Fu-Cheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, P.R. China. .,Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Ward I, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 52 Fu-Cheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, P.R. China.
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15
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Sugimoto A, Okuno T, Tsujio G, Sera T, Yamamoto Y, Maruo K, Kushiyama S, Nishimura S, Kuroda K, Togano S, Miki Y, Yoshii M, Tamura T, Toyokawa T, Tanaka H, Muguruma K, Ohira M, Yashiro M. The clinicopathologic significance of Tks5 expression of peritoneal mesothelial cells in gastric cancer patients. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253702. [PMID: 34255789 PMCID: PMC8277061 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer (GC) patients frequently develop peritoneal metastasis. Recently, it has been reported that peritoneal mesothelial cells (PMCs) activated by GC cells acquire a migratory capacity and promote GC cell invasion. The invasiveness of PMCs reportedly depends on the activity of Tks5, an adaptor protein required for invadopodia formation. However, the relationship between clinicopathologic features and Tks5 expression in PMCs has been poorly documented. In this study, we evaluated the clinicopathologic significance of the Tks5 expression of PMCs in GC patients. Materials and methods A total of 110 GC patients who underwent gastrectomy were enrolled in this study. Tks5 expressions in PMCs from the greater omentum, lesser omentum and retroperitoneum were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. We analyzed the correlation between Tks5 expressions in PMCs and the patients’ clinicopathologic features. Results Tks5 expression was found in 71 (64.5%) of the 110 patients, while 39 (35.5%) were Tks5-negative. Tks5 positivity was significantly (p = 0.038) associated with a greater tumor depth (i.e., T3/4 compared with T1/T2). Peritoneal recurrence was found in 12 of 98 cases within 3 years of surgery. The 3-year peritoneal recurrence-free survival (PRFS) rate in Tks5-positive cases was significantly poorer than that in Tks5-negative cases (80.1% vs 97.4%, p = 0.024). Multivariate analysis revealed that Tks5 positivity and lymph node metastasis were independent factors for PRFS. Conclusion Tks5 is frequently expressed in PMCs in advanced-stage gastric cancer. Tks5 might be a useful predictor for peritoneal recurrence in GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Sugimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Cancer Center for Translational Research, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Okuno
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Cancer Center for Translational Research, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Gen Tsujio
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Cancer Center for Translational Research, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Sera
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Cancer Center for Translational Research, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yurie Yamamoto
- Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Cancer Center for Translational Research, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koji Maruo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Cancer Center for Translational Research, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shuhei Kushiyama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Cancer Center for Translational Research, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sadaaki Nishimura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Cancer Center for Translational Research, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenji Kuroda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Cancer Center for Translational Research, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shingo Togano
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Cancer Center for Translational Research, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Miki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Cancer Center for Translational Research, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mami Yoshii
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Tamura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Toyokawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuya Muguruma
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaichi Ohira
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masakazu Yashiro
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Cancer Center for Translational Research, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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16
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Ishii T, Suzuki A, Kuwata T, Hisamitsu S, Hashimoto H, Ohara Y, Yanagihara K, Mitsunaga S, Yoshino T, Kinoshita T, Ochiai A, Shitara K, Ishii G. Drug-exposed cancer-associated fibroblasts facilitate gastric cancer cell progression following chemotherapy. Gastric Cancer 2021; 24:810-822. [PMID: 33837489 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-021-01174-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer progression following chemotherapy is a significant barrier to effective cancer treatment. We aimed to evaluate the role of drug-exposed cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in the growth and progression of drug-exposed gastric cancer (GC) cells and to explore the underlying molecular mechanism. METHODS The human GC cell line 44As3 and CAFs were treated with 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin (5FU + OX). 5FU + OX-pretreated 44As3 cells were then cultured in a conditioned medium (CM) from 5FU + OX-pretreated CAFs, and the growth and migration/invasion ability of the cells were evaluated. We also compared the clinicopathological characteristics of the GC patients treated with S1 + OX in accordance with the properties of their resected specimens, focusing on the number of CAFs. Changes in gene expression in CAFs and 44As3 cells were comprehensively analyzed using RNA-seq analysis. RESULTS The CM from 5FU + OX-pretreated CAFs promoted the migration and invasion of 5FU + OX-pretreated 44As3 cells. Although the number of cases was relatively small (n = 21), the frequency of positive cases of lymphovascular invasion and the recurrence rate were significantly higher in those with more residual CAF. RNA-seq analysis revealed 5FU + OX-pretreated CAF-derived glycoprotein 130 (gp130) as a candidate factor contributing to the increased migration of 5FU + OX-pretreated 44As3 cells. Administration of the gp130 inhibitor SC144 prevented the increased migration ability of 5FU + OX-pretreated 44As3 cells owing to drug-treated CAFs. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide evidence regarding the interactions between GC cells and CAFs in the tumor microenvironment following chemotherapy, suggesting that ligands for gp130 may be novel therapeutic targets for suppressing or preventing metastasis in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Ishii
- Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan.,Courses of Advanced Clinical Research of Cancer, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital East, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ayako Suzuki
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kuwata
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital East, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shoshi Hisamitsu
- Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroko Hashimoto
- Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuuki Ohara
- Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Yanagihara
- Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shuichi Mitsunaga
- Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takayuki Yoshino
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kinoshita
- Department of Gastric Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ochiai
- Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kohei Shitara
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Genichiro Ishii
- Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan. .,Courses of Advanced Clinical Research of Cancer, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. .,Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital East, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan.
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17
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Nishimura S, Yashiro M, Sera T, Yamamoto Y, Kushitani Y, Sugimoto A, Kushiyama S, Togano S, Kuroda K, Okuno T, Murakami Y, Ohira M. Serine threonine kinase 11/liver kinase B1 mutation in sporadic scirrhous-type gastric cancer cells. Carcinogenesis 2021; 41:1616-1623. [PMID: 32236518 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgaa031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Scirrhous-type gastric carcinoma (SGC), which is characterized by the rapid proliferation of cancer cells accompanied by extensive fibrosis, shows extremely poor survival. A reason for the poor prognosis of SGC is that the driver gene responsible for SGC has not been identified. To identify the characteristic driver gene of SGC, we examined the genomic landscape of six human SGC cell lines of OCUM-1, OCUM-2M, OCUM-8, OCUM-9, OCUM-12 and OCUM-14, using multiplex gene panel testing by next-generation sequencing. In this study, the non-synonymous mutations of serine threonine kinase 11/liver kinase B1 (STK11/LKB1) gene were detected in OCUM-12, OCUM-2M and OCUM-14 among the six SGC cell lines. Capillary sequencing analysis confirmed the non-sense or missense mutation of STK11/LKB1 in the three cell lines. Western blot analysis showed that LKB1 expression was decreased in OCUM-12 cells and OCUM-14 cells harboring STK11/LKB1 mutation. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor significantly inhibited the proliferation of OCUM-12 and OCUM-14 cells. The correlations between STK11/LKB1 expression and clinicopathologic features of gastric cancer were examined using 708 primary gastric carcinomas by immunochemical study. The low STK11/LKB1 expression group was significantly associated with SGC, high invasion depth and frequent nodal involvement, in compared with the high STK11/LKB1 expression group. Collectively, our study demonstrated that STK11/LKB1 mutation might be responsible for the progression of SGC, and suggested that mTOR signaling by STK11/LKB1 mutation might be one of therapeutic targets for patients with SGC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaaki Nishimura
- Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Cancer Center for Translational Research, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masakazu Yashiro
- Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Cancer Center for Translational Research, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Sera
- Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Cancer Center for Translational Research, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yurie Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Cancer Center for Translational Research, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukako Kushitani
- Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Cancer Center for Translational Research, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sugimoto
- Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Cancer Center for Translational Research, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shuhei Kushiyama
- Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Cancer Center for Translational Research, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shingo Togano
- Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Cancer Center for Translational Research, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenji Kuroda
- Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Cancer Center for Translational Research, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Okuno
- Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Cancer Center for Translational Research, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Murakami
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaichi Ohira
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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18
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Yashiro M, Hasegawa T, Yamamoto Y, Tsujio G, Nishimura S, Sera T, Sugimoto A, Kushiyama S, Kasashima H, Fukuoka T, Sakurai K, Toyokawa T, Kubo N, Ohira M. Asporin Expression on Stromal Cells and/or Cancer Cells Might Be A Useful Prognostic Marker in Patients with Diffuse-Type Gastric Cancer. Eur Surg Res 2021; 62:53-60. [PMID: 33882483 DOI: 10.1159/000515458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asporin (ASPN), a member of the proteoglycan family, has been shown to have a close correlation with cancer progression. It is not known whether ASPN is an oncogenic driver or a tumor suppressor in human gastric cancer. We sought herein to determine the relationship between ASPN expression and clinicopathological features of gastric cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 296 gastric cancer patients (diffuse type, n = 144; intestinal type, n = 152) were enrolled. The ASPN expression level in each case was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS ASPN was mainly found on stromal cells, especially on fibroblasts in tumor stroma, i.e., cancer-associated fibroblasts. The ASPN expression on either cancer cells or stromal cells was significantly high in macroscopic scirrhous-type tumors (p < 0.001) and histologically abundant stroma-type tumors (p < 0.001). Interestingly, a Kaplan-Meier survival curve of the 144 cases of diffuse-type gastric cancer revealed a significantly poorer prognosis in patients with ASPN-positive expression (p = 0.043; log rank) compared to those with ASPN-negative expression, but the prognoses were not significantly different in these subgroups of the 152 cases of intestinal-type gastric cancer. A multivariate analysis with respect to overall survival showed that ASPN expression on stromal cells and/or cancer cells was significantly correlated with overall survival in patients with diffuse-type gastric cancer (p = 0.041). CONCLUSION In gastric cancer, ASPN was expressed mainly on stromal cells and partially on cancer cells. ASPN expression on stromal cells and/or cancer cells might be a useful prognostic marker in patients with diffuse-type gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Yashiro
- Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City, Japan.,Cancer Center for Translational Research, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Hasegawa
- Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City, Japan
| | - Yurie Yamamoto
- Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City, Japan.,Cancer Center for Translational Research, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City, Japan
| | - Gen Tsujio
- Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City, Japan
| | - Sadaaki Nishimura
- Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Sera
- Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sugimoto
- Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City, Japan
| | - Shuhei Kushiyama
- Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kasashima
- Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City, Japan
| | - Tatsunari Fukuoka
- Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City, Japan.,Cancer Center for Translational Research, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City, Japan
| | - Katsunobu Sakurai
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City, Japan
| | - Takahiro Toyokawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City, Japan
| | - Naoshi Kubo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City, Japan
| | - Masaichi Ohira
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City, Japan
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19
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Petrova K, Kello M, Kuruc T, Backorova M, Petrovova E, Vilkova M, Goga M, Rucova D, Backor M, Mojzis J. Potential Effect of Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf Extract and Metabolite Physodic Acid on Tumour Microenvironment Modulation in MCF-10A Cells. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11030420. [PMID: 33809098 PMCID: PMC8000760 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Lichens comprise a number of unique secondary metabolites with remarkable biological activities and have become an interesting research topic for cancer therapy. However, only a few of these metabolites have been assessed for their effectiveness against various in vitro models. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the effect of extract Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf (PSE) and its metabolite physodic acid (Phy) on tumour microenvironment (TME) modulation, focusing on epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) transformation and angiogenesis. Here, we demonstrate, by using flow cytometry, Western blot and immunofluorescence microscopy, that tested compounds inhibited the EMT process in MCF-10A breast cells through decreasing the level of different mesenchymal markers in a time- and dose-dependent manner. By the same mechanisms, PSE and Phy suppressed the function of Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β)-stimulated fibroblasts. Moreover, PSE and Phy resulted in a decreasing level of the TGF-β canonical pathway Smad2/3, which is essential for tumour growth. Furthermore, PSE and Phy inhibited angiogenesis ex ovo in a quail embryo chorioallantoic model, which indicates their potential anti-angiogenic activity. These results also provided the first evidence of the modulation of TME by these substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Petrova
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (K.P); (T.K.)
| | - Martin Kello
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (K.P); (T.K.)
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Tomas Kuruc
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (K.P); (T.K.)
| | - Miriam Backorova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia;
| | - Eva Petrovova
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia;
| | - Maria Vilkova
- Department of NMR Spectroscopy, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Moyzesova 11, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia;
| | - Michal Goga
- Core Facility Cell Imaging and Ultrastructure Research, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Mánesova 23, 041 67 Košice, Slovakia; (D.R.); (M.B.)
| | - Dajana Rucova
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Mánesova 23, 041 67 Košice, Slovakia; (D.R.); (M.B.)
| | - Martin Backor
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Mánesova 23, 041 67 Košice, Slovakia; (D.R.); (M.B.)
| | - Jan Mojzis
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (K.P); (T.K.)
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (J.M.)
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20
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Nagamura Y, Miyazaki M, Nagano Y, Yuki M, Fukami K, Yanagihara K, Sasaki K, Sakai R, Yamaguchi H. PLEKHA5 regulates the survival and peritoneal dissemination of diffuse-type gastric carcinoma cells with Met gene amplification. Oncogenesis 2021; 10:25. [PMID: 33677467 PMCID: PMC7936979 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-021-00314-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Met gene amplification has been found in a subset of malignant carcinomas, including diffuse-type gastric carcinoma (DGC), which has a poor prognosis owing to rapid infiltrative invasion and frequent peritoneal dissemination. Met is considered a promising therapeutic target for DGC. However, DGC cells with Met gene amplification eventually acquire resistance to Met inhibitors. Therefore, identification of alternate targets that mediate Met signaling and confer malignant phenotypes is critical. In this study, we conducted a phosphoproteomic analysis of DGC cells possessing Met gene amplification and identified Pleckstrin Homology Domain Containing A5 (PLEKHA5) as a protein that is tyrosine-phosphorylated downstream of Met. Knockdown of PLEKHA5 selectively suppressed the growth of DGC cells with Met gene amplification by inducing apoptosis, even though they had acquired resistance to Met inhibitors. Moreover, PLEKHA5 silencing abrogated the malignant phenotypes of Met-addicted DGC cells, including peritoneal dissemination in vivo. Mechanistically, PLEKHA5 knockdown dysregulates glycolytic metabolism, leading to activation of the JNK pathway that promotes apoptosis. These results indicate that PLEKHA5 is a novel downstream effector of amplified Met and is required for the malignant progression of Met-addicted DGC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Nagamura
- Department of Cancer Cell Research, Sasaki Institute, Sasaki Foundation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Miyazaki
- Department of Cancer Cell Research, Sasaki Institute, Sasaki Foundation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Nagano
- Department of Cancer Cell Research, Sasaki Institute, Sasaki Foundation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masako Yuki
- Department of Cancer Cell Research, Sasaki Institute, Sasaki Foundation, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory of Genome and Biosignal, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Fukami
- Laboratory of Genome and Biosignal, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Yanagihara
- Division of Biomarker Discovery, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuki Sasaki
- Department of Peptidomics, Sasaki Institute, Sasaki Foundation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Sakai
- Department of Biochemistry, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hideki Yamaguchi
- Department of Cancer Cell Research, Sasaki Institute, Sasaki Foundation, Tokyo, Japan.
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21
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Díaz Del Arco C, Ortega Medina L, Estrada Muñoz L, García Gómez de Las Heras S, Fernández Aceñero MJ. Is there still a place for conventional histopathology in the age of molecular medicine? Laurén classification, inflammatory infiltration and other current topics in gastric cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Histol Histopathol 2021; 36:587-613. [PMID: 33565601 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common cancer and the third cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. In western countries, more than half of GC patients are diagnosed at advanced stages and 5-year survival rates range between 20-30%. The only curative treatment is surgery, and despite recent advances in oncological therapies, GC prognosis is still poor. The main prognostic tool for patient categorization and treatment selection is the TNM classification, but its limitations are being increasingly recognized. Early recurrences may occur in early-stage disease, and patients at the same stage show heterogeneous outcomes. Thus, there is a need to improve GC stratification and to identify new prognostic factors, which may allow us to select drug-susceptible populations, refine patient grouping for clinical trials and discover new therapeutic targets. Molecular classifications have been developed, but they have not been translated to the clinical practice. On the other hand, histological assessment is cheap and widely available, and it is still a mainstay in the era of molecular medicine. Furthermore, histological features are acquiring new roles as reflectors of the genotype-phenotype correlation, and their potential impact on patient management is currently being analyzed. The aim of this literature review is to provide a modern overview of the histological assessment of GC. In this study, we discuss recent topics on the histological diagnosis of GC, focusing on the current role of Laurén classification and the potential value of new histological features in GC, such as inflammatory infiltration and tumor budding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Díaz Del Arco
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain. .,Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Ortega Medina
- Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Surgical Pathology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Mª Jesús Fernández Aceñero
- Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Surgical Pathology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
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22
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Sasaki Y, Takagane K, Konno T, Itoh G, Kuriyama S, Yanagihara K, Yashiro M, Yamada S, Murakami S, Tanaka M. Expression of asporin reprograms cancer cells to acquire resistance to oxidative stress. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:1251-1261. [PMID: 33393151 PMCID: PMC7935789 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Asporin (ASPN), a small leucine‐rich proteoglycan expressed predominantly by cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs), plays a pivotal role in tumor progression. ASPN is also expressed by some cancer cells, but its biological significance is unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of ASPN expression in gastric cancer cells. Overexpression of ASPN in 2 gastric cancer cell lines, HSC‐43 and 44As3, led to increased migration and invasion capacity, accompanied by induction of CD44 expression and activation of Rac1 and MMP9. ASPN expression increased resistance of HSC‐43 cells to oxidative stress by reducing the amount of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. ASPN induced expression of the transcription factor HIF1α and upregulated lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) and PDH‐E1α, suggesting that ASPN reprograms HSC‐43 cells to undergo anaerobic glycolysis and suppresses ROS generation in mitochondria, which has been observed in another cell line HSC‐44PE. By contrast, 44As3 cells expressed high levels of HIF1α in response to oxidant stress and escaped apoptosis regardless of ASPN expression. Examination of xenografts in the gastric wall of ASPN–/– mice revealed that growth of HSC‐43 tumors with increased micro blood vessel density was significantly accelerated by ASPN; however, ASPN increased the invasion depth of both HSC‐43 and 44As3 tumors. These results suggest that ASPN has 2 distinct effects on cancer cells: HIF1α‐mediated resistance to oxidative stress via reprogramming of glucose metabolism, and activation of CD44‐Rac1 and MMP9 to promote cell migration and invasion. Therefore, ASPN may be a new therapeutic target in tumor fibroblasts and cancer cells in some gastric carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Sasaki
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biochemistry, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan.,Department of Life Science, Faculty and Graduate School of Engineering and Resource Science, Akita University, Akita, Japan
| | - Kurara Takagane
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biochemistry, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Takumi Konno
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biochemistry, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan.,Department of Life Science, Faculty and Graduate School of Engineering and Resource Science, Akita University, Akita, Japan
| | - Go Itoh
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biochemistry, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Sei Kuriyama
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biochemistry, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Yanagihara
- Division of Biomarker Discovery, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masakazu Yashiro
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoru Yamada
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinya Murakami
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biochemistry, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
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23
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Xiang XS, Su Y, Li GL, Ma L, Zhou CS, Ma RF. Phase II Study of Preoperative Intra-Arterial Epirubicin, Etoposide, and Oxaliplatin Combined with Oral S-1 Chemotherapy for the Treatment of Borrmann Type 4 Gastric Cancer. J Gastric Cancer 2020; 20:395-407. [PMID: 33425441 PMCID: PMC7781743 DOI: 10.5230/jgc.2020.20.e40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose A phase II study was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of preoperative, intra-arterial perfusion of epirubicin, etoposide, and oxaliplatin combined with oral chemotherapy S-1 (SEEOX) for the treatment of type 4 gastric cancer. Materials and Methods A single-center, single-arm phase II trial was conducted on 36 patients with histologically proven type 4 gastric cancer without distant peritoneal or organ metastasis. Patients received 3, 21-day courses of SEEOX preoperative chemotherapy. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS) and the secondary outcomes assessed were chemotherapeutic response, radical resection rate, pathological regression, toxicities, postoperative morbidity, and mortality. Results All patients were at an advanced stage of cancer (stage III or IV) and completed the entire course of treatment. Based on changes in tumor volume and peritoneal metastasis, the objective response rate was 55.6% (20/36; 95% confidence interval [CI], 38.5%–72.6%) and the disease control rate was 69.4% (25/36; 95% CI, 53.6%–85.3%). The radical resection rate was 75% (27/36; 95% CI, 60.1%–89.9%) and the proportion of R0 resections was 66.7% (21/36; 95% CI, 50.5%–82.8%). The pathological response rate was 33.3%, of which 13.9% showed complete pathological regression. The median survival was 27.1 months (95% CI, 22.24–31.97 months), and the 2-year OS was 48.5% (95% CI, 30.86%–66.1%). Conclusions Preoperative SEEOX is a safe and effective treatment for type 4 gastric cancer. Based on these preliminary data, a phase III study will be conducted to confirm the superiority of this regimen over standard treatment. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02949258
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Song Xiang
- Jinling Hospital Research Institute of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Su
- Department of General Medicine, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guo-Li Li
- Jinling Hospital Research Institute of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Long Ma
- Jinling Hospital Research Institute of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chang-Sheng Zhou
- Jinling Hospital Medical Imaging Center, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ru-Feng Ma
- Jinling Hospital Research Institute of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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24
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Takabatake K, Kawai H, Omori H, Qiusheng S, Oo MW, Sukegawa S, Nakano K, Tsujigiwa H, Nagatsuka H. Impact of the Stroma on the Biological Characteristics of the Parenchyma in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207714. [PMID: 33081066 PMCID: PMC7590027 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid tumors consist of the tumor parenchyma and stroma. The standard concept of oncology is that the tumor parenchyma regulates the tumor stroma and promotes tumor progression, and that the tumor parenchyma represents the tumor itself and defines the biological characteristics of the tumor tissue. Thus, the tumor stroma plays a pivotal role in assisting tumor parenchymal growth and invasiveness and is regarded as a supporter of the tumor parenchyma. The tumor parenchyma and stroma interact with each other. However, the influence of the stroma on the parenchyma is not clear. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effect of the stroma on the parenchyma in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). We isolated tumor stroma from two types of OSCCs with different invasiveness (endophytic type OSCC (ED-st) and exophytic type OSCC (EX-st)) and examined the effect of the stroma on the parenchyma in terms of proliferation, invasion, and morphology by co-culturing and co-transplanting the OSCC cell line (HSC-2) with the two types of stroma. Both types of stroma were partially positive for alpha-smooth muscle actin. The tumor stroma increased the proliferation and invasion of tumor cells and altered the morphology of tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. ED-st exerted a greater effect on the tumor parenchyma in proliferation and invasion than EX-st. Morphological analysis showed that ED-st changed the morphology of HSC-2 cells to the invasive type of OSCC, and EX-st altered the morphology of HSC-2 cells to verrucous OSCC. This study suggests that the tumor stroma influences the biological characteristics of the parenchyma and that the origin of the stroma is strongly associated with the biological characteristics of the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyofumi Takabatake
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Okayama University, Okayama 7008525, Japan; (K.T.); (H.O.); (S.Q.); (M.W.O.); (S.S.); (K.N.); (H.T.)
| | - Hotaka Kawai
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Okayama University, Okayama 7008525, Japan; (K.T.); (H.O.); (S.Q.); (M.W.O.); (S.S.); (K.N.); (H.T.)
- Correspondence: (H.K.); (H.N.); Tel.: +81-086-235-6651 (H.K. & H.N.)
| | - Haruka Omori
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Okayama University, Okayama 7008525, Japan; (K.T.); (H.O.); (S.Q.); (M.W.O.); (S.S.); (K.N.); (H.T.)
| | - Shan Qiusheng
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Okayama University, Okayama 7008525, Japan; (K.T.); (H.O.); (S.Q.); (M.W.O.); (S.S.); (K.N.); (H.T.)
| | - May Wathone Oo
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Okayama University, Okayama 7008525, Japan; (K.T.); (H.O.); (S.Q.); (M.W.O.); (S.S.); (K.N.); (H.T.)
| | - Shintaro Sukegawa
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Okayama University, Okayama 7008525, Japan; (K.T.); (H.O.); (S.Q.); (M.W.O.); (S.S.); (K.N.); (H.T.)
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kagawa Prefectural Central Hospital, Kagawa 7600065, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nakano
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Okayama University, Okayama 7008525, Japan; (K.T.); (H.O.); (S.Q.); (M.W.O.); (S.S.); (K.N.); (H.T.)
| | - Hidetsugu Tsujigiwa
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Okayama University, Okayama 7008525, Japan; (K.T.); (H.O.); (S.Q.); (M.W.O.); (S.S.); (K.N.); (H.T.)
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, Okayama 7000005, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Nagatsuka
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Okayama University, Okayama 7008525, Japan; (K.T.); (H.O.); (S.Q.); (M.W.O.); (S.S.); (K.N.); (H.T.)
- Correspondence: (H.K.); (H.N.); Tel.: +81-086-235-6651 (H.K. & H.N.)
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25
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Togano S, Yashiro M, Miki Y, Yamamato Y, Sera T, Kushitani Y, Sugimoto A, Kushiyama S, Nishimura S, Kuroda K, Okuno T, Yoshii M, Tamura T, Toyokawa T, Tanaka H, Muguruma K, Tanaka S, Ohira M. Microscopic distance from tumor invasion front to serosa might be a useful predictive factor for peritoneal recurrence after curative resection of T3-gastric cancer. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0225958. [PMID: 31940352 PMCID: PMC6961828 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Peritoneal recurrence is one of the most frequent recurrent diseases in gastric cancer. Although the exposure of cancer cells to the serosal surface is considered a common risk factor for peritoneal recurrence, there are some cases of peritoneal recurrence without infiltration to the serosal surface even after curative surgery. This study sought to clarify the risk factors of peritoneal recurrence in the absence of invasion to the serosal surface. Materials and methods Ninety-six patients with gastric cancer who underwent curative surgery were enrolled. In all 96 cases, the depth of tumor invasion was subserosal (T3). The microscopic distance from the tumor invasion front to the serosa (DIFS) was measured using tissue slides by H&E staining and pan-cytokeratin staining. E-cadherin expression was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining. Results Among the 96 patients, 16 developed peritoneal recurrence after curative surgery. The DIFS of the tumors with peritoneal recurrence (156±220 μm) was significantly shorter (p = 0.011) than that without peritoneal recurrence (360±478 μm). Peritoneal recurrence was significantly correlated with DIFS ≤234 μm (p = 0.023), but not with E-cadherin expression. The prognosis of DIFS ≤234 μm was significantly poorer than that of DIFS >234 μm (log rank, p = 0.007). A multivariate analysis of the patients' five-year overall survival revealed that DIFS ≤234 μm and lymph node metastasis were significantly correlated with survival (p = 0.005, p = 0.032, respectively). Conclusion The measurement of the DIFS might be useful for the prediction of peritoneal recurrence in T3-gastric cancer patients after curative surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Togano
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masakazu Yashiro
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Cancer Center for Translational Research, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Yuichiro Miki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yurie Yamamato
- Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Cancer Center for Translational Research, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Sera
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukako Kushitani
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sugimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shuhei Kushiyama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sadaaki Nishimura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenji Kuroda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Okuno
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mami Yoshii
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Tamura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Toyokawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuya Muguruma
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sayaka Tanaka
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaichi Ohira
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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26
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Rojas A, Araya P, Gonzalez I, Morales E. Gastric Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1226:23-35. [PMID: 32030673 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-36214-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A compelling body of evidence has demonstrated that gastric cancer has a very particular tumor microenvironment, a signature very suitable to promote tumor progression and metastasis. Recent investigations have provided new insights into the multiple molecular mechanisms, defined by genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, supporting a very active cross talk between the components of the tumor microenvironment and thus defining the fate of tumor progression. In this review, we intend to highlight the role of very active contributors at gastric cancer TME, particularly cancer-associated fibroblasts, bone marrow-derived cells, tumor-associated macrophages, and tumor-infiltrating neutrophils, all of them surrounded by an overtime changing extracellular matrix. In addition, the very active cross talk between the components of the tumor microenvironment, defined by genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, thus defining the fate of tumor progression, is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Rojas
- Biomedical Research Laboratories, Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Maule, Talca, Chile.
| | - Paulina Araya
- Biomedical Research Laboratories, Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Ileana Gonzalez
- Biomedical Research Laboratories, Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Erik Morales
- Biomedical Research Laboratories, Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Maule, Talca, Chile
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Kuroda K, Yashiro M, Sera T, Yamamoto Y, Kushitani Y, Sugimoto A, Kushiyama S, Nishimura S, Togano S, Okuno T, Tamura T, Toyokawa T, Tanaka H, Muguruma K, Ohira M. The clinicopathological significance of Thrombospondin-4 expression in the tumor microenvironment of gastric cancer. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224727. [PMID: 31703077 PMCID: PMC6839882 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Thrombospondin-4 [1] is an extracellular glycoprotein involved in wound healing and tissue remodeling. Although THBS4 is reportedly frequently expressed in solid tumors, there are few reports of the clinicopathological features of carcinomas with THBS4 expression. We evaluated the clinicopathologic significance of THBS4 expression in gastric carcinoma (GC). Materials and methods We retrospectively analyzed the cases of 584 GC patients. The expression of THBS4 in each tumor was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. We then divided the patients into the THBS4-high (n = 223, 38.2%) group and THBS4-low (n = 361, 61.8%) group. THBS4 expression in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), normal-associated fibroblasts (NFs) and gastric cancer cell lines was examined by western blotting. Results THBS4 is expressed on stromal cells with αSMA or Podoplanin expression in the GC microenvironment, but not expressed on cancer cells with cytokeratin expression. The western blot analysis results showed that CAFs (but not NFs and cancer cells) expressed THBS4. Compared to the THBS4-low expression status, the THBS4-high expression status was correlated with higher αSMA expression, higher invasion depth, lymph-node metastasis, lymphatic invasion, peritoneal cytology, peritoneal metastasis, larger tumor size, microscopic diffuse type, and the macroscopic diffuse infiltrating type. The THBS4-high group's 5-year overall survival rate was significantly poorer than that of the THBS4-low group. A multivariate analysis revealed that THBS4 expression was an independent prognostic factor. Conclusion THBS4 is expressed on CAFs in the gastric cancer microenvironment. THBS4 from CAFs is associated with the metastasis of cancer cells, and is a useful prognostic indicator for gastric cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Kuroda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka city, Japan
- Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka city, Japan
- Cancer Center for Translational Research, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka city, Japan
| | - Masakazu Yashiro
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka city, Japan
- Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka city, Japan
- Cancer Center for Translational Research, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka city, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Tomohiro Sera
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka city, Japan
- Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka city, Japan
- Cancer Center for Translational Research, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka city, Japan
| | - Yurie Yamamoto
- Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka city, Japan
- Cancer Center for Translational Research, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka city, Japan
| | - Yukako Kushitani
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka city, Japan
- Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka city, Japan
- Cancer Center for Translational Research, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka city, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sugimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka city, Japan
- Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka city, Japan
- Cancer Center for Translational Research, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka city, Japan
| | - Syuhei Kushiyama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka city, Japan
- Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka city, Japan
- Cancer Center for Translational Research, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka city, Japan
| | - Sadaaki Nishimura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka city, Japan
- Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka city, Japan
- Cancer Center for Translational Research, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka city, Japan
| | - Shingo Togano
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka city, Japan
- Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka city, Japan
- Cancer Center for Translational Research, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka city, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Okuno
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka city, Japan
- Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka city, Japan
- Cancer Center for Translational Research, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka city, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Tamura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka city, Japan
| | - Takahiro Toyokawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka city, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka city, Japan
| | - Kazuya Muguruma
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka city, Japan
| | - Masaichi Ohira
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka city, Japan
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28
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Anqi C, Takabatake K, Kawai H, Oo MW, Yoshida S, Fujii M, Omori H, Sukegawa S, Nakano K, Tsujigiwa H, Jinhua Z, Nagatsuka H. Differentiation and roles of bone marrow-derived cells on the tumor microenvironment of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:6628-6638. [PMID: 31807176 PMCID: PMC6876317 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.11045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The stroma affects the properties and dynamics of the tumor. Previous studies have demonstrated that bone marrow-derived cells (BMDCs) possess the capability of differentiating into stromal cells. However, the characteristics and roles of BMDCs in oral squamous cell carcinoma remain unclear. The current study therefore investigated their locations and features by tracing green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled BMDCs in a transplantation mouse model. After irradiation, BALB-c nu-nu mice were injected with bone marrow cells from C57BL/6-BALB-C-nu/nu-GFP transgenic mice. These recipient mice were then injected subcutaneously in the head with human squamous cell carcinoma-2 cells. Immunohistochemistry for GFP, Vimentin, CD11b, CD31 and α-smooth muscle actin (SMA), and double-fluorescent immunohistochemistry for GFP-Vimentin, GFP-CD11b, GFP-CD31 and GFP-α-SMA was subsequently performed. Many round-shaped GFP-positive cells were observed in the cancer stroma, which indicated that BMDCs served a predominant role in tumorigenesis. Vimentin(+) GFP(+) cells may also be a member of the cancer-associated stroma, originating from bone marrow. Round or spindle-shaped CD11b(+) GFP(+) cells identified in the present study may be macrophages derived from bone marrow. CD31(+)GFP(+) cells exhibited a high tendency towards bone marrow-derived angioblasts. The results also indicated that spindle-shaped α-SMA(+) GFP(+) cells were not likely to represent bone marrow-derived cancer-associated fibroblasts. BMDCs gathering within the tumor microenvironment exhibited multilineage potency and participated in several important processes, such as tumorigenesis, tumor invasion and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Anqi
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan.,Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical Science College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Kiyofumi Takabatake
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
| | - Hotaka Kawai
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
| | - May Wathone Oo
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
| | - Saori Yoshida
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
| | - Masae Fujii
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
| | - Haruka Omori
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
| | - Shintaro Sukegawa
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kagawa Prefectural Central Hospital, Kagawa 760-8557, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nakano
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
| | - Hidetsugu Tsujigiwa
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan.,Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, Okayama 700-0005, Japan
| | - Zheng Jinhua
- Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical Science College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Hitoshi Nagatsuka
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
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29
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Hisamitsu S, Miyashita T, Hashimoto H, Neri S, Sugano M, Nakamura H, Yamazaki S, Ochiai A, Goto K, Tsuboi M, Ishii G. Interaction between cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts after cisplatin treatment promotes cancer cell regrowth. Hum Cell 2019; 32:453-464. [PMID: 31441010 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-019-00275-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Regrowth of cancer cells following chemotherapy is a significant problem for cancer patients. This study examined whether cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), a major component of a tumor microenvironment, promote cancer cell regrowth after chemotherapy. First, we treated human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 and CAFs from four patients with cisplatin. Cisplatin treatment inhibited the viable cell number of A549 cells and induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition. After cisplatin was removed, A549 cells continued to manifest the mesenchymal phenotype and proliferated 2.2-fold in 4 days (regrowth of A549 cells). Cisplatin treatment inhibited the viable cell number of CAFs from four patients also. The CM (derived from cisplatin-pretreated CAFs from two patients) significantly enhanced the regrowth of cisplatin-pretreated A549 cells, and the CM derived from cisplatin-naïve CAFs marginally enhanced A549 regrowth. By contrast, the CM derived from either cisplatin-pretreated CAFs or cisplatin-naïve CAFs failed to enhance the growth of cisplatin-naïve A549 cells. The CM derived from cisplatin-pretreated CAFs did not enhance the proliferation of A549 cells in which epithelial-mesenchymal transition was induced by TGFβ-1. Our findings indicate the possibility that humoral factors from cisplatin-pretreated CAFs promote the regrowth of cisplatin-pretreated A549 cells. These results suggest that interactions between cancer cells and CAFs may significantly enhance cancer cell regrowth within the tumor microenvironment after cisplatin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoshi Hisamitsu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan.,Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, 277-8577, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Miyashita
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan.,Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, 277-8577, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroko Hashimoto
- Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, 277-8577, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shinya Neri
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masato Sugano
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakamura
- Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, 277-8577, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shota Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan.,Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, 277-8577, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ochiai
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan.,Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Koichi Goto
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tsuboi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Genichiro Ishii
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan. .,Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, 277-8577, Chiba, Japan.
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30
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Sai E, Miwa Y, Takeyama R, Kojima S, Ueno T, Yashiro M, Seto Y, Mano H. Identification of candidates for driver oncogenes in scirrhous-type gastric cancer cell lines. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:2643-2651. [PMID: 31222839 PMCID: PMC6676123 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Scirrhous‐type gastric cancer (SGC) is one of the most intractable cancer subtypes in humans, and its therapeutic targets have been rarely identified to date. Exploration of somatic mutations in the SGC genome with the next‐generation sequencers has been hampered by markedly increased fibrous tissues. Thus, SGC cell lines may be useful resources for searching for novel oncogenes. Here we have conducted whole exome sequencing and RNA sequencing on 2 SGC cell lines, OCUM‐8 and OCUM‐9. Interestingly, most of the mutations thus identified have not been reported. In OCUM‐8 cells, a novel CD44‐IGF1R fusion gene is discovered, the protein product of which ligates the amino‐terminus of CD44 to the transmembrane and tyrosine‐kinase domains of IGF1R. Furthermore, both CD44 and IGF1R are markedly amplified in the OCUM‐8 genome and abundantly expressed. CD44‐IGF1R has a transforming ability, and the suppression of its kinase activity leads to rapid cell death of OCUM‐8. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing the transforming activity of IGF1R fusion genes. However, OCUM‐9 seems to possess multiple oncogenic events in its genome. In particular, a novel BORCS5‐ETV6 fusion gene is identified in the OCUM‐9 genome. BORCS5‐ETV6 possesses oncogenic activity, and suppression of its message partially inhibits cell growth. Prevalence of these novel fusion genes among SGC awaits further investigation, but we validate the significance of cell lines as appropriate reagents for detailed genomic analyses of SGC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirin Sai
- Department of Medical Genomics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Miwa
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reina Takeyama
- Department of Cellular Signaling, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Kojima
- Department of Cellular Signaling, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihide Ueno
- Department of Cellular Signaling, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masakazu Yashiro
- Department of Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Seto
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mano
- Department of Cellular Signaling, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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31
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Chen Y, Zhang G, Zhao B, Huang C, Ling Y, Li Y, Zhou Z. A better prognostic stratification for the 8th edition of the AJCC staging system of gastric cancer by incorporating pT4aN0M0 into stage IIIA. Surg Oncol 2019; 29:90-96. [PMID: 31196500 DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to analyze the prognosis of gastric cancer patients categorized as pT4aN0M0, pT1N3aM0/pT2N2M0/pT3N1M0 of stage IIB and stage IIIA and to compare the optimistic prognostic stratification between the AJCC 8th edition staging system and the AJCC modified 8th (m8th) edition staging system by incorporating pT4aN0M0 into stage IIIA. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 1770 patients who underwent gastrectomy were enrolled in this study. The homogeneity, the discriminatory ability, the monotonicity of the gradient assessments, and the discriminatory ability of the AJCC 8th and m8th edition staging systems were compared by using the likelihood ratio χ2 test, a linear trend χ2 test, the Akaike information criteria (AIC) and Bayesian information criterion (BIC) calculations, respectively. RESULTS For patients staged IIB, the 5-year survival rate of the patients categorized as pT4aN0M0 were significantly worse than that of the patients categorized as pT1N3aM0/pT2N2M0/pT3N1M0 (59.9% vs. 72.4%, P = 0.036). By contrast, the prognoses of the patients between the pT4aN0M0 category and those staged IIIA were analogous (59.9% vs. 61.5%, P = 0.693). Compared with the 8th edition system, the modified 8th edition staging system had a better homogeneity (higher likelihood ratio χ [2] score, 441.17 vs. 436.24), discriminatory ability, monotonicity of gradients (higher linear trend χ2 score, 436.78 vs. 416.15) and smaller AIC (10364.98 vs. 10369.91) and BIC values (10447.13 vs. 10452.06). CONCLUSIONS The prognosis of pT4aN0M0 was poorer than those of pT1N3aM0, pT2N2M0, and pT3N1M0, which were staged IIB. There is a better prognostic stratification for the AJCC 8th edition staging system of gastric cancer by incorporating pT4aN0M0 into stage IIIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China; Department of Gastric Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guanrong Zhang
- Information and Statistics Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baiwei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China; Department of Gastric Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunyu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China; Department of Endoscopy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yihong Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China; Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanfang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China; Department of Gastric Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zhiwei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China; Department of Gastric Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
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32
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Role of Cancer-Associated Fibroblast in Gastric Cancer Progression and Resistance to Treatments. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:6270784. [PMID: 31281359 PMCID: PMC6590541 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6270784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Although the survival of gastric cancer (GC) patients has gradually improved, the outcomes of advanced GC patients remain unsatisfactory despite standard treatment with conventional chemotherapy or targeted agents. Several studies have shown that cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), a major component of tumor stroma in GC, may have significant roles in GC progression and resistance to treatments. CAFs are a major source of various secreted molecules in the tumor microenvironment, which stimulate cancer cells and other noncancerous components of GC. Surprisingly, these factors could be involved in gastric carcinogenesis. Cytokines, including interleukin-6 and interleukin-11, or growth factors, such as fibroblast growth factor produced from CAFs, can directly activate GC cells and consequently lead to the development of an aggressive phenotype. Galectin-1 or hepatocyte growth factor can be involved in CAF-derived neovascularization in GC. In addition, recent studies showed that CAFs can affect tumor immunity through M2 polarization of tumor-associated macrophages. Finally, the current study aimed to introduce several inhibitory agents and evaluate their suppressive effects on CAFs in patients with GC progression. However, further studies are required to evaluate their safety and select appropriate patients for application in clinical settings.
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33
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Analysis of Extracellular Vesicles in Gastric Juice from Gastric Cancer Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20040953. [PMID: 30813244 PMCID: PMC6412909 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secretory membrane vesicles containing lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids; they function in intercellular transport by delivering their components to recipient cells. EVs are observed in various body fluids, i.e., blood, saliva, urine, amniotic fluid, and ascites. EVs secreted from cancer cells play important roles in the formation of their environment, including fibrosis, angiogenesis, evasion of immune surveillance, and even metastasis. However, EVs in gastric juice (GJ-EVs) have been largely unexplored. In this study, we sought to clarify the existence of GJ-EVs derived from gastric cancer patients. GJ-EVs were isolated by the ultracentrifuge method combined with our own preprocessing from gastric cancer (GC) patients. We verified GJ-EVs by morphological experiments, i.e., nanoparticle tracking system analysis and electron microscopy. In addition, protein and microRNA markers of EVs were examined by Western blotting analysis, Bioanalyzer, or quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. GJ-EVs were found to promote the proliferation of normal fibroblast cells. Our findings suggest that isolates from the GJ of GC patients contain EVs and imply that GJ-EVs partially affect their microenvironments and that analysis using GJ-EVs from GC patients will help to clarify the pathophysiology of GC.
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Okuno T, Yashiro M, Masuda G, Togano S, Kuroda K, Miki Y, Hirakawa K, Ohsawa M, Wanibuchi H, Ohira M. Establishment of a New Scirrhous Gastric Cancer Cell Line with FGFR2 Overexpression, OCUM-14. Ann Surg Oncol 2019; 26:1093-1102. [PMID: 30652228 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-018-07145-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognosis of scirrhous gastric carcinoma (SGC), which is characterized by rapid infiltration and proliferation of cancer cells accompanied by extensive stromal fibrosis, is extremely poor. In this study, we report the establishment of a unique SGC cell line from a gastric cancer patient in whom an autopsy was performed. METHODS A new SGC cell line, OCUM-14, was established from malignant ascites of a male patient with SGC. A postmortem autopsy was performed on the patient. Characterization of OCUM-14 cells was analyzed by microscopic examination, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis, immunohistochemical examination, CCK-8 assay, and in vivo assay. RESULTS OCUM-14 cells grew singly or in clusters, and were floating and round-shaped. Most OCUM-14 cells had many microvilli on their surfaces. The doubling time was 43.1 h, and the subcutaneous inoculation of 1.0 × 107 OCUM-14 cells into mice resulted in 50% tumor formation. mRNA expressions of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) were observed in OCUM-14 cells. FGFR2, but not HER2, overexpression was found in OCUM-14 cells. The heterogeneous overexpression of FGFR2 was also found in both the primary tumor and metastatic lesions of the peritoneum, lymph node, bone marrow, and lung of the patient. The FGFR2 inhibitors AZD4547 and BGJ398 significantly decreased the growth of OCUM-14 cells, while paclitaxel and 5-fluorouracil significantly decreased the proliferation of OCUM-14 cells, but cisplatin did not. CONCLUSION A new gastric cancer cell line, OCUM-14, was established from SGC and showed FGFR2 overexpression. OCUM-14 might be useful for elucidating the characteristic mechanisms of SGC and clarifying the effect of FGFR2 inhibitors on SGC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohisa Okuno
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City, Osaka, Japan.,Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City, Japan.,Cancer Center for Translational Research, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City, Japan
| | - Masakazu Yashiro
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City, Osaka, Japan. .,Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City, Japan. .,Cancer Center for Translational Research, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City, Japan.
| | - Go Masuda
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shingo Togano
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City, Osaka, Japan.,Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City, Japan.,Cancer Center for Translational Research, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City, Japan
| | - Kenji Kuroda
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City, Osaka, Japan.,Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City, Japan.,Cancer Center for Translational Research, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Miki
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City, Osaka, Japan.,Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City, Japan.,Cancer Center for Translational Research, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City, Japan
| | - Kosei Hirakawa
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiko Ohsawa
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City, Japan
| | - Hideki Wanibuchi
- Molecular Pathology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City, Japan
| | - Masaichi Ohira
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City, Osaka, Japan
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Ansari S, Gantuya B, Tuan VP, Yamaoka Y. Diffuse Gastric Cancer: A Summary of Analogous Contributing Factors for Its Molecular Pathogenicity. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082424. [PMID: 30115886 PMCID: PMC6121269 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths and ranks as the fifth most common cancer worldwide. Incidence and mortality differ depending on the geographical region and gastric cancer ranks first in East Asian countries. Although genetic factors, gastric environment, and Helicobacter pylori infection have been associated with the pathogenicity and development of intestinal-type gastric cancer that follows the Correa’s cascade, the pathogenicity of diffuse-type gastric cancer remains mostly unknown and undefined. However, genetic abnormalities in the cell adherence factors, such as E-cadherin and cellular activities that cause impaired cell integrity and physiology, have been documented as contributing factors. In recent years, H. pylori infection has been also associated with the development of diffuse-type gastric cancer. Therefore, in this report, we discuss the host factors as well as the bacterial factors that have been reported as associated factors contributing to the development of diffuse-type gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamshul Ansari
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu-City, Oita 879-5593, Japan.
| | - Boldbaatar Gantuya
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu-City, Oita 879-5593, Japan.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology unit, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar-14210, Mongolia.
| | - Vo Phuoc Tuan
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu-City, Oita 879-5593, Japan.
- Department of Endoscopy, Cho Ray Hospital, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam.
| | - Yoshio Yamaoka
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu-City, Oita 879-5593, Japan.
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Biondi A, Agnes A, Del Coco F, Pozzo C, Strippoli A, D'Ugo D, Persiani R. Preoperative therapy and long-term survival in gastric cancer: One size does not fit all. Surg Oncol 2018; 27:575-583. [PMID: 30217321 DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The administration of perioperative chemotherapy represents the Western standard of care for patients with locally advanced gastric cancer. The aim of this study is to determine if the administration of the preoperative component of the perioperative regimen is beneficial in the entire population of patients with locally advanced gastric cancer. METHODS Seventy patients undergoing preoperative therapy were compared with 347 patients undergoing upfront gastrectomy. Survival analyses were conducted with Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression. Patients undergoing preoperative therapy or undergoing upfront gastrectomy were matched 1:1 using the propensity score matching (PSM) method, and a survival analysis was conducted on matched patients. A subgroup analysis was conducted by tumor location and Lauren histotype. RESULTS In patients undergoing preoperative therapy, factors significantly associated with survival were T and N downstaging, type of gastrectomy, resection status and Lauren histotype. Preoperative therapy was not significantly associated with survival (p = 0,761 before PSM and p = 0,519 after PSM). After PSM, the independent variables significantly associated with survival were type of gastrectomy, type of lymphadenectomy, R status and postoperative therapy. In the subgroup analysis, preoperative therapy demonstrated a selective association with the location of the tumor (p = 0,055) and with Lauren intestinal histotype (p = 0,002). CONCLUSIONS Preoperative therapy had a non-significant impact on survival in the entire population of gastric cancer patients. The advantage of preoperative therapy seems to be limited to patients with proximal tumors and an intestinal histology. Future studies should better evaluate the diverse response of the different phenotypes of gastric cancer to preoperative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Biondi
- Polo Scienze Gastroenterologiche ed Endocrino-Metaboliche, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Largo Francesco Vito n. 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Annamaria Agnes
- Polo Scienze Gastroenterologiche ed Endocrino-Metaboliche, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Largo Francesco Vito n. 1, 00168, Rome, Italy.
| | - Federica Del Coco
- Polo Scienze Gastroenterologiche ed Endocrino-Metaboliche, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Largo Francesco Vito n. 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmelo Pozzo
- Polo Scienze Oncologiche ed Ematologiche, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Largo Francesco Vito n. 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonia Strippoli
- Polo Scienze Oncologiche ed Ematologiche, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Largo Francesco Vito n. 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico D'Ugo
- Polo Scienze Gastroenterologiche ed Endocrino-Metaboliche, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Largo Francesco Vito n. 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Persiani
- Polo Scienze Gastroenterologiche ed Endocrino-Metaboliche, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Largo Francesco Vito n. 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
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37
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The significance of scirrhous gastric cancer cell lines: the molecular characterization using cell lines and mouse models. Hum Cell 2018; 31:271-281. [PMID: 29876827 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-018-0211-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Scirrhous gastric cancer (SGC) exhibits aggressiveness of the rapid infiltrating tumor cells with abundant fibroblasts. Experimental studies using SGC cell lines have obtained useful information about this cancer. Our literature search divulged a total of 18 SGC cell lines; two cell lines were established from primary SGC and the other lines were established from a metastatic lesion of SGC. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) and transforming growth factor-beta receptor (TβR) are linked to the rapid development of SGC. Cross-talk between the cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) has been shown to contribute to the progression of SGC. Chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 1 (CXCR1) from SGC cells might be associated with the abundant CAFs in cancer microenvironments. The in vivo models established using SGC cell lines are expected to serve as a useful tool for the development of drugs such as FGFR2 inhibitors, TβR inhibitors, and CXCR1 inhibitors, which might be promising as SGC treatments. However, the number of available SGC cell lines is insufficient for the clarification of the entire biologic behavior of SGC. Since the mechanisms responsible for the characteristic aggressiveness of SGC are not fully elucidated, the establishment of new SGC cell lines could help clarify the biological behavior of SGC and contribute to its treatment.
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38
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Lourenço BN, Springer NL, Ferreira D, Oliveira C, Granja PL, Fischbach C. CD44v6 increases gastric cancer malignant phenotype by modulating adipose stromal cell-mediated ECM remodeling. Integr Biol (Camb) 2018; 10:145-158. [PMID: 29450424 PMCID: PMC5988203 DOI: 10.1039/c7ib00179g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
CD44, an abundantly expressed adhesion molecule, and its alternative splice variants have been associated with tumorigenesis and metastasis. In the context of gastric cancer (GC), de novo expression of CD44 variant 6 (CD44v6) is found in more than 60% of GCs, but its role in the pathogenesis and progression of this type of cancer remains unclear. Using a combination of media conditioning experiments and decellularized extracellular matrices (ECMs), this study investigates the hypothesis that CD44v6 overexpression enhances tumor cell malignant behavior by modulating stromal cell-mediated ECM remodeling. Our findings indicate that soluble factors secreted by CD44v6 expressing GC cells particularly increase proliferation and myofibroblastic differentiation of adipose stromal cells (ASCs). These changes in ASC phenotype mediate the deposition of fibrotic/desmoplastic ECM that, in turn, stimulates GC proliferation and inhibits GC clustering. Pharmacological inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity in tumor cells abrogated matrix-induced changes in tumor cell malignant behavior. Additionally, studies in mice confirmed the pathological relevance of CD44v6 expression and consequential changes in ECM remodeling to gastric tumorigenesis in vivo. Collectively, these results indicate a direct link between CD44v6, ECM remodeling, and GC malignant behavior opening new insights into potential CD44v6-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca N Lourenço
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, 157 Weill Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. and i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal and INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Portugal and IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Portugal and Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Nora L Springer
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, 157 Weill Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. and Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Ferreira
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal and INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Portugal and IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Portugal and Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Oliveira
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal and IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Portugal and Departamento de Patologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro L Granja
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal and INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Portugal and Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Portugal and Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Claudia Fischbach
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, 157 Weill Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. and Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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Miki Y, Yashiro M, Okuno T, Kitayama K, Masuda G, Hirakawa K, Ohira M. CD9-positive exosomes from cancer-associated fibroblasts stimulate the migration ability of scirrhous-type gastric cancer cells. Br J Cancer 2018; 118:867-877. [PMID: 29438363 PMCID: PMC5886122 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Crosstalk between cancer cells and fibroblasts is crucial for tumour progression. It has been reported that exosomes derived from cancer cells play an important role in the intracellular communications involved in the development of carcinoma. However, the role of exosomes from fibroblasts remains unclear. This study aimed to clarify the effect of exosomes from fibroblasts on the motility of gastric cancer cells. Methods: 5 gastric cancer cell lines were used: OCUM-12, NUGC-3, MKN45, FU97 and MKN74. 2 cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) were used. CD9 expression of exosomes from fibroblasts was examined by western blot. The effect of exosomes on the motility of cancer cells was analysed by migration assays. MMP2 was examined by RT-PCR or gelatin zymography. Then, CD9 and MMP2 expressions of 619 gastric cancers were analysed by immunohistochemistry. Results: Exosomes from CAFs were taken into scirrhous-type gastric cancer cells, namely OCUM-12 cells and NUGC-3 cells, but not into other types of gastric cancer cells. Exosomes from CAFs were positive for CD9. Exosomes from CAFs significantly stimulated the migration and invasion of OCUM-12 and NUGC-3 cells, which was inhibited by anti-CD9 antibody or CD9-siRNA. MMP2 expression of OCUM-12 and NUGC-3 cells was significantly decreased by CD9-siRNA. 116 CD9-positive cases were significantly correlated with scirrhous-type gastric cancer, lymph node metastasis and venous invasion. The 5-year survival rate of patients with CD9-positive tumours was significantly lower (P<0.001) than in those with CD9-negative tumours. Conclusions: CD9-positive exosomes from CAFs might stimulate the migration ability of scirrhous-type gastric cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Miki
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.,Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Masakazu Yashiro
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.,Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Okuno
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.,Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Kishu Kitayama
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.,Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Go Masuda
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Kosei Hirakawa
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Masaichi Ohira
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
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40
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Saito H, Fushida S, Harada S, Miyashita T, Oyama K, Yamaguchi T, Tsukada T, Kinoshita J, Tajima H, Ninomiya I, Ohta T. Importance of human peritoneal mesothelial cells in the progression, fibrosis, and control of gastric cancer: inhibition of growth and fibrosis by tranilast. Gastric Cancer 2018; 21:55-67. [PMID: 28540637 PMCID: PMC5741788 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-017-0726-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scirrhous gastric cancer is an intractable disease with a high incidence of peritoneal dissemination and obstructive symptoms (e.g., ileus, jaundice, and hydronephrosis) arising from accompanying marked fibrosis. Microenvironmental interactions between cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts are the suggested cause of the disease. We elucidated the mechanisms of tumor growth and fibrosis using human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs) and investigated the effects of tranilast treatment on cells and a xenograft mouse model of fibrosis. METHODS HPMCs were isolated from surgically excised omentum and their interaction with MKN-45 gastric cancer cells was investigated using co-culture. Furthermore, a fibrosis tumor model was developed based on subcutaneous transplantation of co-cultured cells into the dorsal side of nude mice to form large fibrotic tumors. Mice were subsequently treated with or without tranilast. RESULTS The morphology of HPMCs treated with transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 changed from cobblestone to spindle-type. Moreover, E-cadherin was weakly expressed whereas high levels of α-smooth muscle actin expression were observed. TGF-β-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition-like changes in HPMCs were inhibited in a dose-dependent manner following tranilast treatment through inhibition of Smad2 phosphorylation. In the mouse model, tumor size decreased significantly and fibrosis was inhibited in the tranilast treatment group compared with that in the control group. CONCLUSIONS Tranilast acts on the TGF-β/Smad pathway to inhibit interactions between cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts, thereby inhibiting tumor growth and fibrosis. This study supports the hypothesis that tranilast represents a novel strategy to prevent fibrous tumor establishment represented by peritoneal dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Saito
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641 Japan
| | - Sachio Fushida
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641 Japan
| | - Shinichi Harada
- Center for Biomedical Research and Education, School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641 Japan
| | - Tomoharu Miyashita
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641 Japan
| | - Katsunobu Oyama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641 Japan
| | - Takahisa Yamaguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641 Japan
| | - Tomoya Tsukada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641 Japan
| | - Jun Kinoshita
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641 Japan
| | - Hidehiro Tajima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641 Japan
| | - Itasu Ninomiya
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641 Japan
| | - Tetsuo Ohta
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641 Japan
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41
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Kawai H, Tsujigiwa H, Siar CH, Nakano K, Takabatake K, Fujii M, Hamada M, Tamamura R, Nagatsuka H. Characterization and potential roles of bone marrow-derived stromal cells in cancer development and metastasis. Int J Med Sci 2018; 15:1406-1414. [PMID: 30275769 PMCID: PMC6158661 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.24370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The tumor microenvironment and its stromal cells play an important role in cancer development and metastasis. Bone marrow-derived cells (BMDCs), a rich source of hematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells, putatively contribute to this tumoral stroma. However their characteristics and roles within the tumor microenvironment are unclear. In the present study, BMDCs in the tumor microenvironment were traced using the green fluorescent protein (GFP) bone marrow transplantation model. Methods: C57BL/6 mice were irradiated and rescued by bone marrow transplantation from GFP-transgenic mice. Lewis lung cancer cells were inoculated into the mice to generate subcutaneous allograft tumors or lung metastases. Confocal microscopy, immunohistochemistry for GFP, α-SMA, CD11b, CD31, CD34 and CD105, and double-fluorescent immunohistochemistry for GFP-CD11b, GFP-CD105 and GFP-CD31 were performed. Results: Round and dendritic-shaped GFP-positive mononuclear cells constituted a significant stromal subpopulation in primary tumor peripheral area (PA) and metastatic tumor area (MA) microenvironment, thus implicating an invasive and metastatic role for these cells. CD11b co-expression in GFP-positive cells suggests that round/dendritic cell subpopulations are possibly BM-derived macrophages. Identification of GFP-positive mononuclear infiltrates co-expressing CD31 suggests that these cells might be BM-derived angioblasts, whereas their non-reactivity for CD34, CD105 and α-SMA implies an altered vascular phenotype distinct from endothelial cells. Significant upregulation of GFP-positive, CD31-positive and GFP/CD31 double-positive cell densities positively correlated with PA and MA (P<0.05). Conclusion: Taken together, in vivo evidence of traceable GFP-positive BMDCs in primary and metastatic tumor microenvironment suggests that recruited BMDCs might partake in cancer invasion and metastasis, possess multilineage potency and promote angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hotaka Kawai
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hidetsugu Tsujigiwa
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, Okayama, Japan
| | - Chong Huat Siar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Keisuke Nakano
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Takabatake
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masae Fujii
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Mei Hamada
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ryo Tamamura
- Department of Histology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Nagatsuka
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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Aberrant alternative splicing of RHOA is associated with loss of its expression and activity in diffuse-type gastric carcinoma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 495:1942-1947. [PMID: 29247652 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.12.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
RhoA is a member of Rho family small GTPases that regulates diverse cellular functions. Recent large-scale sequencing studies have identified recurrent somatic mutations of RHOA in diffuse-type gastric carcinoma (DGC), indicating that RHOA is a driver of DGC. In this study, we investigated the possible abnormalities of RHOA in a panel of gastric carcinoma (GC) cell lines. Pulldown assay and immunoblot analysis showed that the activity and expression of RhoA were detectable in all GC cell lines tested, except for two DGC cell lines, HSC-59 and GSU. RHOA coding region sequencing revealed that aberrant alternative splicing of RHOA occurred in these cell lines. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that the expression of wild-type RHOA was nearly undetectable, whereas splicing variants were almost exclusively expressed in HSC-59 and GSU cell lines. However, the expression levels of RHOA splicing variants were very low and the corresponding proteins were not detected by immunoblotting. Moreover, the splicing isoforms of RhoA protein were neither efficiently expressed nor activated even if ectopically expressed in cells. These results indicate that aberrant alternative splicing of RHOA results in the loss of its activity and expression in DGC cells.
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43
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Miki Y, Yashiro M, Ando K, Okuno T, Kitayama K, Masuda G, Tamura T, Sakurai K, Toyokawa T, Kubo N, Tanaka H, Muguruma K, Osawa M, Hirakawa K, Ohira M. Examination of cancer cells exposed to gastric serosa by serosal stamp cytology plus RT-PCR is useful for the identification of gastric cancer patients at high risk of peritoneal recurrence. Surg Oncol 2017; 26:352-358. [DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Agnes A, Biondi A, Ricci R, Gallotta V, D'Ugo D, Persiani R. Krukenberg tumors: Seed, route and soil. Surg Oncol 2017; 26:438-445. [PMID: 29113663 DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this narrative review was to summarize the current evidence on Krukenberg tumors (KTs), addressing what is known on their natural history and their impact on the clinical prognosis and which are the most appropriate management strategies to treat this condition. A literature search was conducted on Pubmed up to December 2016, selecting the most relevant studies on the basis of the scope of the review. KTs are ovarian metastases from primary signet-ring cell carcinomas., characterized by the presence of a sarcoma-like stroma. They have three possible routes of diffusion (lymphatic, peritoneal and hematogenous), but the preferential one is still unclear. Prognosis is dismal. When KTs are encountered in the clinical practice, it is reasonable to offer surgical resection to young, fit patients with limited disease. Palliative surgery should be considered for all patients with symptomatic disease. Further studies should clarify the clinicopathologic characteristics of KTs, their main routes of diffusion, and the possible role of prophylactic oophorectomy, lymphadenectomy and intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Molecular and transitional research should parallel the clinical one to help understanding the natural history of signet-ring cell carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Agnes
- Polo Scienze Gastroenterologiche ed Endocrino-Metaboliche, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli Largo F. Vito, 1 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Biondi
- Polo Scienze Gastroenterologiche ed Endocrino-Metaboliche, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli Largo F. Vito, 1 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Ricci
- Polo Scienze Oncologiche ed Ematologiche, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli Largo F. Vito, 1 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio Gallotta
- Polo Scienze Della Salute Della Donna E Del Bambino, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli Largo F. Vito, 1 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico D'Ugo
- Polo Scienze Gastroenterologiche ed Endocrino-Metaboliche, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli Largo F. Vito, 1 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Persiani
- Polo Scienze Gastroenterologiche ed Endocrino-Metaboliche, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli Largo F. Vito, 1 00168 Rome, Italy
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45
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Agnes A, Estrella JS, Badgwell B. The significance of a nineteenth century definition in the era of genomics: linitis plastica. World J Surg Oncol 2017; 15:123. [PMID: 28679451 PMCID: PMC5498981 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-017-1187-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Linitis plastica due to gastric adenocarcinoma is a condition with a long history, but still lacks a standardized definition and is commonly confused with Borrmann type IV, Lauren diffuse, and signet-cell type gastric cancer. The absence of a clear definition is a problem when investigating its biological characteristics and role as a possible independent factor for prognosis. Nevertheless, the biological behavior for linitis plastica, which is unique, may be valuable in risk stratification and have implications for treatment. A definition of linitis plastica based on molecular or genomic criteria could represent a useful starting point for investigating new targeted therapies. Main body This literature review of linitis plastica will focus on the current classifications for gastric cancer, illustrating how the concept of linitis plastica relates to them in most cases and identifying a clear and reproducible definition. Moreover, the review will highlight the diagnostic challenges associated with linitis plastica, its prognostic implications, and the therapeutic options available. Future perspectives for its management are also addressed. Conclusion Linitis plastica is a carcinoma with a scirrhous stroma, involving the submucosal and muscular layers of the stomach even in the absence of mucosal alteration. In most cases, the primary cancer cells are signet-ring cells or scattered cells in the context of a poorly differentiated carcinoma. Diagnosis is challenging. Staging should be thorough, including diagnostic laparoscopy in all cases due to the high incidence of peritoneal involvement. The prognostic significance of linitis plastica is still controversial. Curative-intent surgery, when feasible, should be performed, with a multimodality treatment approach. Cancer-stroma interactions are important features of this disease, and represent attaining potential target for future therapies. Future pathologic assessments of gastric cancer should report the stromal reaction in order to allow better characterization of the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Agnes
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1484, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jeannelyn S Estrella
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brian Badgwell
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1484, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Kasashima H, Yashiro M, Nakamae H, Masuda G, Kinoshita H, Morisaki T, Fukuoka T, Hasegawa T, Nakane T, Hino M, Hirakawa K, Ohira M. Clinicopathologic significance of the CXCL1-CXCR2 axis in the tumor microenvironment of gastric carcinoma. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178635. [PMID: 28575019 PMCID: PMC5456266 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose It was reported that the chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1) from cancer cells stimulated the recruitment of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal cells (BM-MCs) into tumor stroma via chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 2 (CXCR2) signaling. We conducted this retrospective study to determine the clinicopathologic significance of the CXCL1-CXCR2 axis in human gastric cancer. Methods The correlations between the clinicopathological features of 270 primary gastric carcinomas and CXCL1 in cancer cells and CXCR2 in stromal cells were analyzed in immunohistochemical studies. The effect of gastric cancer cells on the expression of CXCR2 in BM-MCs was examined using diffuse-type gastric cancer cell lines in vitro. Results The expression of CXCL1 in cancer cells was correlated with T invasion (T2–T4), lymph node metastasis, lymphatic invasion, venous invasion, peritoneal cytology, peritoneal metastasis and CXCR2 expression in stromal cells. The expression of CXCR2 in stromal cells was correlated with macroscopic type-4 cancers, histological type, T invasion (T2–T4), lymph node metastasis, lymphatic invasion, infiltration, peritoneal cytology, peritoneal metastasis and CD271 expression in stromal cells. The overall survival of patients with CXCL1 and CXCR2-positive cancer was poorer than that of the patients with negative cancer. Both CXCL1 expression in cancer cells and CXCR2 expression in stromal cells were independent prognostic factors for gastric cancer patients. Conclusion The expressions of CXCL1 in cancer cells and CXCR2 in stromal cells are useful prognostic factors for gastric cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Kasashima
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masakazu Yashiro
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Nakamae
- Department of Hematology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Go Masuda
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Haruhito Kinoshita
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tamami Morisaki
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tatsunari Fukuoka
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Hasegawa
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahiko Nakane
- Department of Hematology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Hino
- Department of Hematology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kosei Hirakawa
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaichi Ohira
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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Xie X, Rui W, He W, Shao Y, Sun F, Zhou W, Wu Y, Zhu Y. Discoidin domain receptor 1 activity drives an aggressive phenotype in bladder cancer. Am J Transl Res 2017; 9:2500-2507. [PMID: 28560000 PMCID: PMC5446532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1) is a receptor tyrosine kinase which utilizes collagen as a ligand to regulate the interaction between cancer cells and tumor stroma. However, the clinical relevance of DDR1 expression in bladder cancer as well as its molecular regulation have not been previously investigated. Here, we assessed the role of DDR1 in bladder cancer. The DDR1 levels in bladder cancer specimens were examined by Western blot, compared to the paired adhesive normal controls. The effects of DDR1 were explored on both cell migration in bladder cancer cells and tumor growth as xenograft. We detected significant higher levels of DDR1 in bladder cancer tissues. Moreover, high levels of DDR1 were correlated with poor prognosis of corresponding patients. Both the in vitro cell invasiveness and in vivo tumor xenograft growth could be promoted by the overexpressed DDR1, while both of which could be inhibited after the depletion of DDR1. Furthermore, DDR1 increased the levels of ZEB1 and Slug, based on its effects on tumor invasion. In conclusion, DDR1 may promote the aggressiveness of bladder cancer cells and drive an aggressive phenotype in bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xie
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200025, China
| | - Wenbin Rui
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200025, China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200025, China
| | - Yuan Shao
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200025, China
| | - Fukang Sun
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200025, China
| | - Wenlong Zhou
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200025, China
| | - Yuxuan Wu
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200025, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200025, China
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Hur H, Ham IH, Lee D, Jin H, Aguilera KY, Oh HJ, Han SU, Kwon JE, Kim YB, Ding K, Brekken RA. Discoidin domain receptor 1 activity drives an aggressive phenotype in gastric carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:87. [PMID: 28143619 PMCID: PMC5286810 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3051-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1), a receptor tyrosine kinase that utilizes collagen as a ligand, is a key molecule in the progression of solid tumors as it regulates the interaction of cancer cells with the tumor stroma. However, the clinical relevance of DDR1 expression in gastric carcinoma is yet to be investigated. Here, we assessed the role of DDR1 in mediating the aggressive phenotype of gastric carcinoma and its potential as a therapeutic target. METHODS We conducted DDR1 immunohistochemistry using a tissue microarray of 202 gastric carcinoma specimens. We examined the effect of collagen-induced activation of DDR1 on cell signaling, tumorigenesis, and cell migration in gastric cancer cell lines, and tumor growth in a xenograft animal model of gastric cancer. RESULTS Our results showed that 50.5% of gastric cancer tissues are positive for DDR1 expression, and positive DDR1 expression was significantly correlated with a poor prognosis (P = 0.015). In a subgroup analysis, DDR1 expression was prognostically meaningful only in patients receiving adjuvant treatment (P = 0.013). We also demonstrated that collagen was able to activate DDR1 and increase the clonogenicity and migration of gastric cancer cells. We observed that a DDR1 inhibitor, 7rh benzamide, suppressed tumor growth in gastric cancer xenografts. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest a key role for DDR1 signaling in mediating the aggressive phenotype of gastric carcinoma. Importantly, inhibition of DDR1 is an attractive strategy for gastric carcinoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoon Hur
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 443-380, South Korea. .,Brain Korea 21 Plus Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea. .,Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390-8593, USA.
| | - In-Hye Ham
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 443-380, South Korea.,Brain Korea 21 Plus Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Dakeun Lee
- Department of Pathology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hyejin Jin
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 443-380, South Korea.,Brain Korea 21 Plus Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Kristina Y Aguilera
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390-8593, USA
| | - Hye Jeong Oh
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 443-380, South Korea
| | - Sang-Uk Han
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 443-380, South Korea
| | - Ji Eun Kwon
- Department of Pathology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Young-Bae Kim
- Department of Pathology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Ke Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rolf A Brekken
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390-8593, USA.
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Cancer-associated peritoneal mesothelial cells lead the formation of pancreatic cancer peritoneal dissemination. Int J Oncol 2016; 50:457-467. [PMID: 28035373 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between the cancer cells and the peritoneal mesothelial cells (PMCs) plays an important role in the peritoneal dissemination in several types of cancer. However, the role of PMCs in the peritoneal dissemination of pancreatic cancer remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the interaction between the pancreatic cancer cells (PCCs) and the PMCs in the formation of peritoneal dissemination in vitro and in vivo. The tumor-stromal interaction of PCCs and PMCs significantly enhanced their mobility and invasiveness and enhanced the proliferation and anoikis resistance of PCCs. In a 3D organotypic culture model of peritoneal dissemination, co-culture of PCCs and PMCs significantly increased the cells invading into the collagen gel layer compared with mono-culture of PCCs. PMCs pre-invaded into the collagen gel, remodeled collagen fibers, and increased parallel fiber orientation along the direction of cell invasion. In the tissues of peritoneal dissemination of the KPC (LSL-KrasG12D/+; LSL-Trp53R172H/+;Pdx-1-Cre) transgenic mouse, the monolayer of PMCs was preserved in tumor-free areas, whereas PMCs around the invasive front of peritoneal dissemination proliferated and invaded into the muscle layer. In vivo, intraperitoneal injection of PCCs with PMCs significantly promoted peritoneal dissemination compared with PCCs alone. The present data suggest that the cancer-associated PMCs have important promoting roles in the peritoneal dissemination of PCCs. Therapy targeting cancer-associated PMCs may improve the prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer.
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50
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Kasashima H, Yashiro M, Nakamae H, Kitayama K, Masuda G, Kinoshita H, Fukuoka T, Hasegawa T, Nakane T, Hino M, Hirakawa K, Ohira M. CXCL1-Chemokine (C-X-C Motif) Receptor 2 Signaling Stimulates the Recruitment of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Cells into Diffuse-Type Gastric Cancer Stroma. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 186:3028-3039. [PMID: 27742059 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Tumor stromal cells play a critical role in the progression of diffuse-type gastric cancer (DGC). The aim of this study was to clarify where tumor stromal cells originate from and which factor(s) recruits them into the tumor stroma. Immunodeficient mice with bone marrow transplantation from the cytomegalovirus enhancer/chicken β-actin promoter-enhanced green fluorescent protein mice were used for the in vivo experiments. An in vitro study analyzed the chemotaxis-stimulating factor from DGC cells using bone marrow-derived mesenchymal cells (BM-MCs). The influences of chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 2 (CXCR2) inhibitor on the migration of BM-MCs were examined both in vitro and in vivo. BM-MCs frequently migrated into stroma of DGC in vivo. The number of migrating BM-MCs was increased by conditioned medium from DGC cells. CXCL1 from DGC cells stimulated the chemoattractant ability of BM-MCs. Both anti-CXCL1 antibody and CXCR2 inhibitor decreased the migration of BM-MCs, stimulated by DGC cells. A CXCR2 inhibitor, SB225002, reduced the recruitment of BM-MCs into the tumor microenvironment in vivo, decreasing tumor size and lymph node metastasis, and prolonging the survival of gastric tumor-bearing mice. These findings suggested that most tumor stromal cells in DGC might originate from BM-MCs. CXCL1 from DGC cells stimulates the recruitment of BM-MCs into tumor stroma via CXCR2 signaling of BM-MCs. Inhibition of BM-MC recruitment via the CXCL1-CXCR2 axis appears a promising therapy for DGC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Kasashima
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masakazu Yashiro
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Oncology Institute of Geriatrics and Medical Science, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Hirohisa Nakamae
- Department of Hematology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kisyu Kitayama
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Go Masuda
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Haruhito Kinoshita
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tatsunari Fukuoka
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Hasegawa
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahiko Nakane
- Department of Hematology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Hino
- Department of Hematology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kosei Hirakawa
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaichi Ohira
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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