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Cubas-Basterrechea G, Elío I, Sumalla-Cano S, Aparicio-Obregón S, González-Antón CT, Muñoz-Cacho P. The Regular Consumption of Nuts Is Associated with a Lower Prevalence of Abdominal Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome in Older People from the North of Spain. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031256. [PMID: 35162277 PMCID: PMC8834977 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to relate the adherence to nut consumption (30 g) three or more days per week to the prevalence of abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in an elderly population from the north of Spain. Methods: The study consists of an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, and correlational study conducted in 556 non-institutionalised individuals between 65 and 79 years of age. To define the consumption recommendation of nuts the indication of the questionnaire MEDAS-14 was followed. The diagnosis of MetS was conducted using the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria. Results: In 264 subjects aged 71.9 (SD: ±4.2) years old, 39% of whom were men, the adherence to nut consumption recommendations was 40.2%. Of these individuals, 79.5% had abdominal obesity. The prevalence of MetS was 40.2%, being 47.6% in men and 35.4% in women (p < 0.05). A nut consumption lower than recommended was associated with a 19% higher prevalence of abdominal obesity (Prevalence Ratio: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.03−1.37; p < 0.05) and a 61% higher prevalence of MetS (Prevalence Ratio: 1.61; 95% CI: 1.16−2.25; p = 0.005) compared to a consumption of ≥3 servings per week. Conclusion: An inverse relationship was established between nut consumption and the prevalence of abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Cubas-Basterrechea
- Dietetic Section, Hospital Universitario “Marqués de Valdecilla”, 39008 Santander, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-617-597-045
| | - Iñaki Elío
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, 39011 Santander, Spain; (I.E.); (S.S.-C.); (S.A.-O.)
- Department of Health, Nutrition and Sport, Iberoamerican Internarional University, Campeche 24560, Mexico
| | - Sandra Sumalla-Cano
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, 39011 Santander, Spain; (I.E.); (S.S.-C.); (S.A.-O.)
- Department of Health, Nutrition and Sport, Iberoamerican Internarional University, Campeche 24560, Mexico
| | - Silvia Aparicio-Obregón
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, 39011 Santander, Spain; (I.E.); (S.S.-C.); (S.A.-O.)
- Department of Health, Nutrition and Sport, Iberoamerican Internarional University, Campeche 24560, Mexico
| | | | - Pedro Muñoz-Cacho
- Teaching Department of Primary Care Management, Cantabrian Health Service, IDIVAL, 39011 Santander, Spain;
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Dos Santos H, Gaio J, Durisic A, Beeson WL, Alabadi A. The Polypharma Study: Association Between Diet and Amount of Prescription Drugs Among Seniors. Am J Lifestyle Med 2021. [DOI: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/15598276211048812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Polypharmacy, commonly described as the use of five or more prescribed medications, is a prevalent health issue among seniors because of the potential adverse side effects due to medication interactions. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the association between dietary patterns and number of medications used. We hypothesized that a plant-based diet and healthy lifestyle choices decreases morbidities and number of medications taken. Data on 328 participants, aged 60 years or older, were collected through questionnaires and measurements at the Loma Linda University Drayson Center in Loma Linda, CA, between 2015 and 2016. The dependent variable was the number of pills taken, used as counts, and the main exposure was the type of diet adopted. Negative binomial regression was used for analysis. Results suggest that a vegan diet reduces the number of pills by 58% compared to non-vegetarian (IRR=.42 [95% CI: .25-.70]), even after adjusting for covariates. Increases in age, body mass index (BMI), and presence of disease suggest an increased number of pills taken. A vegan diet showed the lowest amount of pills in this sample. Body mass index also had a significant positive association with the number of pills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hildemar Dos Santos
- Department of Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Josileide Gaio
- Department of Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Aleksandra Durisic
- Department of Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - W. Lawrence Beeson
- Department of Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Alaa Alabadi
- Department of Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
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3
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Dos Santos H, Gaio J, Durisic A, Beeson WL, Alabadi A. The Polypharma Study: Association Between Diet and Amount of Prescription Drugs Among Seniors. Am J Lifestyle Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/15598276211048812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Polypharmacy, commonly described as the use of five or more prescribed medications, is a prevalent health issue among seniors because of the potential adverse side effects due to medication interactions. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the association between dietary patterns and number of medications used. We hypothesized that a plant-based diet and healthy lifestyle choices decreases morbidities and number of medications taken. Data on 328 participants, aged 60 years or older, were collected through questionnaires and measurements at the Loma Linda University Drayson Center in Loma Linda, CA, between 2015 and 2016. The dependent variable was the number of pills taken, used as counts, and the main exposure was the type of diet adopted. Negative binomial regression was used for analysis. Results suggest that a vegan diet reduces the number of pills by 58% compared to non-vegetarian (IRR=.42 [95% CI: .25-.70]), even after adjusting for covariates. Increases in age, body mass index (BMI), and presence of disease suggest an increased number of pills taken. A vegan diet showed the lowest amount of pills in this sample. Body mass index also had a significant positive association with the number of pills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hildemar Dos Santos
- Department of Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Josileide Gaio
- Department of Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Aleksandra Durisic
- Department of Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - W. Lawrence Beeson
- Department of Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Alaa Alabadi
- Department of Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
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4
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Tracy EP, Hughes W, Beare JE, Rowe G, Beyer A, LeBlanc AJ. Aging-Induced Impairment of Vascular Function: Mitochondrial Redox Contributions and Physiological/Clinical Implications. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 35:974-1015. [PMID: 34314229 PMCID: PMC8905248 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Significance: The vasculature responds to the respiratory needs of tissue by modulating luminal diameter through smooth muscle constriction or relaxation. Coronary perfusion, diastolic function, and coronary flow reserve are drastically reduced with aging. This loss of blood flow contributes to and exacerbates pathological processes such as angina pectoris, atherosclerosis, and coronary artery and microvascular disease. Recent Advances: Increased attention has recently been given to defining mechanisms behind aging-mediated loss of vascular function and development of therapeutic strategies to restore youthful vascular responsiveness. The ultimate goal aims at providing new avenues for symptom management, reversal of tissue damage, and preventing or delaying of aging-induced vascular damage and dysfunction in the first place. Critical Issues: Our major objective is to describe how aging-associated mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to endothelial and smooth muscle dysfunction via dysregulated reactive oxygen species production, the clinical impact of this phenomenon, and to discuss emerging therapeutic strategies. Pathological changes in regulation of mitochondrial oxidative and nitrosative balance (Section 1) and mitochondrial dynamics of fission/fusion (Section 2) have widespread effects on the mechanisms underlying the ability of the vasculature to relax, leading to hyperconstriction with aging. We will focus on flow-mediated dilation, endothelial hyperpolarizing factors (Sections 3 and 4), and adrenergic receptors (Section 5), as outlined in Figure 1. The clinical implications of these changes on major adverse cardiac events and mortality are described (Section 6). Future Directions: We discuss antioxidative therapeutic strategies currently in development to restore mitochondrial redox homeostasis and subsequently vascular function and evaluate their potential clinical impact (Section 7). Antioxid. Redox Signal. 35, 974-1015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Paul Tracy
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - William Hughes
- Department of Medicine and Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jason E Beare
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.,Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Gabrielle Rowe
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Andreas Beyer
- Department of Medicine and Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Amanda Jo LeBlanc
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.,Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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5
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Fortes C, Mastroeni S, Tubili C, Gianni S, Pandolfo MM, Fano V. Mediterranean diet, walking outdoors and polypharmacy in older patients with type II diabetes. Eur J Public Health 2021; 31:829-835. [PMID: 34499712 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckab113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polypharmacy and its adverse health effects is an emerging public health issue, with increasing prevalence among patients with multiple chronic conditions, such as older adults with diabetes. A healthy lifestyle has been shown to improve both diabetes and polypharmacy incidence. We conducted a cross-sectional study to investigate the association of a healthy lifestyle with polypharmacy and comorbidities in older people with diabetes. METHODS All out-patients from January 2013 to June 2015 with type II diabetes aged 65 years or more from a Lazio Region reference centre for diabetes were included in the study. Socio-demographic, clinical and lifestyle data were collected from medical records and through face-to-face standardized questionnaires. The comorbidity-polypharmacy score (CPS) was used to characterize the overall patients' frailty, by assessing concurrently the presence of comorbidities and polypharmacy. The cumulative logit model was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Adjusted ORs for age, sex, body mass index, physical activity and cognitive status, showed that CPS score was inversely related to weekly consumption of cruciferous vegetables (OR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.35-0.90; P-trend = 0.015), leafy green vegetables (OR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.33-0.87; P-trend = 0.013) and daily intake of fruits (OR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.41-0.97; P-trend = 0.036). Walking outdoors was found inversely related to CPS score (age- and sex-adjusted OR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.42-0.86). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that eating some dietary factors present in the Mediterranean diet and walking outdoors regularly is associated with a lower intensity of medicines need to treat comorbidities among older people with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Fortes
- Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Claudio Tubili
- Diabetes Unit, S. Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Gianni
- Diabetes Unit, S. Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Valeria Fano
- Local Health Authority Roma 3 (Asl RM3), Rome, Italy
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6
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Huang YT, Steptoe A, Wei L, Zaninotto P. Polypharmacy difference between older people with and without diabetes: Evidence from the English longitudinal study of ageing. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2021; 176:108842. [PMID: 33933497 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2021.108842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM To study the association between diabetes and the prevalence of and risk factors for polypharmacy among adults aged 50 and older in England. METHODS A cross-sectional study (2012-2013) of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Polypharmacy was defined as taking 5-9 long-term medications a day and heightened polypharmacy as 10 or more. Diabetes included diagnosed and undiagnosed cases (glycated haemoglobin ≥ 6.5% (48 mmol/mol)). RESULTS Of 7729 participants, 1100 people had diabetes and showed higher prevalence rates of polypharmacy (41.1% vs 14.8%) and heightened polypharmacy (5.8% vs 1.7%) than those without diabetes, even when antihyperglycemic medications were excluded. Risk factors for polypharmacy also differed according to diabetes status. Among people with diabetes, risk factors for polypharmacy and heightened polypharmacy were having more long-term conditions (relative risk ratio (RRR) = 1.86; 3.51) and being obese (RRR = 1.68; 3.68), while females were less likely to show polypharmacy (RRR = 0.51) and heightened polypharmacy (RRR = 0.51) than males. Older age (RRR = 1.04) was only related to polypharmacy among people without diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Adults with diabetes had higher prevalence rates of polypharmacy and heightened polypharmacy than those without diabetes, regardless of including antihyperglycemic drugs. Early detection of polypharmacy among older people with diabetes needs to focus on co-morbidities and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Ting Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Andrew Steptoe
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Li Wei
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK
| | - Paola Zaninotto
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
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7
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Cowell OR, Mistry N, Deighton K, Matu J, Griffiths A, Minihane AM, Mathers JC, Shannon OM, Siervo M. Effects of a Mediterranean diet on blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and observational studies. J Hypertens 2021; 39:729-739. [PMID: 33060448 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000002667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis investigating effects of MedDiet on blood pressure in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and associations of MedDiet with risk of hypertension in observational studies. METHODS PubMed, The Cochrane Library and EBSCOhost were searched from inception until January 2020 for studies that met the following criteria: participants aged at least 18 years, RCTs investigating effects of a MedDiet versus control on BP, observational studies exploring associations between MedDiet adherence and risk of hypertension. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses were performed for RCTs to identify potential effect moderators. RESULTS Nineteen RCTs reporting data on 4137 participants and 16 observational studies reporting data on 59 001 participants were included in the meta-analysis. MedDiet interventions reduced SBP and DBP by a mean -1.4 mmHg (95% CI: -2.40 to -0.39 mmHg, P = 0.007, I2 = 53.5%, Q = 44.7, τ2 = 1.65, df = 19) and -1.5 mmHg (95% CI: -2.74 to -0.32 mmHg, P = 0.013, I2 = 71.5%, Q = 51.6, τ2 = 4.72, df = 19) versus control, respectively. Meta-regression revealed that longer study duration and higher baseline SBP was associated with a greater decrease in BP, in response to a MedDiet (P < 0.05). In observational studies, odds of developing hypertension were 13% lower with higher versus lower MedDiet adherence (95% CI: 0.78--0.98, P = 0.017, I2 = 69.6%, Q = 41.1, τ2 = 0.03, df = 17). CONCLUSION Data suggest that MedDiet is an effective dietary strategy to aid BP control, which may contribute towards the lower risk of CVD reported with this dietary pattern. This study was registered with PROSPERO: CRD42019125073.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen R Cowell
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne
| | - Nathan Mistry
- Institute for Sport, Physical Activity & Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds
- Department of Clinical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, Hertfordshire
| | | | - Jamie Matu
- School of Clinical Applied Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds
| | - Alex Griffiths
- Institute for Sport, Physical Activity & Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds
| | - Anne Marie Minihane
- Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia (UEA), Norwich
| | - John C Mathers
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne
| | - Oliver M Shannon
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne
| | - Mario Siervo
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
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8
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Ramón-Arbués E, Martínez-Abadía B, Granada-López JM, Echániz-Serrano E, Huércanos-Esparza I, Antón-Solanas I. Association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem 2020; 28:e3295. [PMID: 32520245 PMCID: PMC7282722 DOI: 10.1590/1518-8345.3904.3295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: to determine the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in a cohort of
workers and to quantify its association with compliance with the
Mediterranean diet follow-up. Method: a cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out on a cohort of 23,729
workers. Clinical data from annual medical examinations and the
Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener were used to assess adherence to the
Mediterranean diet. Results: 51.3% of the participants showed good adherence to the Mediterranean diet.
The multivariate analysis showed an inverse and significant association
between the follow-up of the Mediterranean diet and the prevalence of
abdominal obesity (Odds Ratio = 0.64, 95% CI 0.56; 0.73), dyslipidemia (Odds
Ratio = 0.55, 95% CI 0.42; 0.73), and metabolic syndrome (Odds Ratio = 0.76,
95% CI 0.67; 0.86). Conclusions: our results suggest that the Mediterranean diet is potentially effective in
promoting cardiovascular health. Implementing the interventions promoting
the Mediterranean diet in the working population seems justified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Ramón-Arbués
- Universidad San Jorge, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Zaragoza, Esp, Espanha.,Grupo de Investigación Tranfercult (Exp. H27-20D), Zaragoza, Esp, Spain
| | | | - José Manuel Granada-López
- Universidad de Zaragoza, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Zaragoza, Esp, Espanha.,Grupo de Investigación Tranfercult (Exp. H27-20D), Zaragoza, Esp, Spain
| | - Emmanuel Echániz-Serrano
- Universidad de Zaragoza, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Zaragoza, Esp, Espanha.,Grupo de Investigación Tranfercult (Exp. H27-20D), Zaragoza, Esp, Spain
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Sinclair AJ, Abdelhafiz AH. Cardiometabolic disease in the older person: prediction and prevention for the generalist physician. Cardiovasc Endocrinol Metab 2020; 9:90-95. [PMID: 32803140 DOI: 10.1097/xce.0000000000000193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ageing is associated with chronic inflammation and oxidative stress that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Frailty and sarcopenia, which are associated with increased visceral obesity and muscle mass loss, are now emerging as new potential risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Increased muscle visceral fat leads to increased secretion of harmful proinflammatory adipokines and reduced muscle mass leads to reduced secretion of the protective myokines creating an abnormal cardiometabolic state increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease. This review: (1) explore traditional and newly emerging cardiometabolic risk factors in older people; (2) investigate methods of prediction and prevention of cardiovascular disease in those with diabetes; and (3) concludes that the development of a subspeciality of Cardiometabolic Medicine should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan J Sinclair
- Foundation for Diabetes Research in Older People, Diabetes Frail Ltd.,Kings College, London
| | - Ahmed H Abdelhafiz
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Rotherham General Hospital, Rotherham, UK
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Vicinanza R, Bersani FS, D'Ottavio E, Murphy M, Bernardini S, Crisciotti F, Frizza A, Mazza V, Biondi M, Troisi G, Cacciafesta M. Adherence to Mediterranean diet moderates the association between multimorbidity and depressive symptoms in older adults. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2020; 88:104022. [PMID: 32109694 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2020.104022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
AIM Adherence to Mediterranean Diet (Med-Diet) has been associated with a lower incidence of chronic diseases and may be associated with lower risk for depression. The aim of the present study was to investigate (i) the association of adherence to Med-Diet with depressive symptoms and multimorbidity in a cohort of geriatric medical outpatients, and (ii) the role of Med-Diet in mediating the association between depressive symptoms and multimorbidity. METHODS A total of 143 geriatric patients (mean age: 73.1 ± 8.35) were included. Adherence to Med-Diet was evaluated using a validated 14-item questionnaire; depressive and cognitive symptoms were assessed through the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) respectively; multimorbidity was evaluated using the Cumulative Illness Rating Scale for Geriatrics (CIRSG-SI). RESULTS Significant associations were found between MDQ score, GDS and CIRSG-SI (MDQ score and GDS: r= -0.206, p = 0.014; MDQ score and CIRSG-SI: r= -0.247, p = 0.003; GDS and CIRSG-SI: r = 0.251; p = 0.003). These associations remained significant after adjusting for potential confounding factors. A mediational model analysis showed that the direct effect of CIRSG-SI on GDS was significant (b = 1.330; se = 0.59; p = 0.028) with this effect being counterbalanced by higher MDQ scores (indirect effect of CIRS-G on GDS through MDQ: b = 0.382; se = 0.19; p = 0.048). CONCLUSION These findings (i) add to the accumulating evidence that Med-Diet may have a positive impact on mental health in the elderly, and (ii) suggest that Med-Diet may contribute, at least in part, to protect geriatric patients with multimorbidity from the development of depressive symptoms, ultimately promoting healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Vicinanza
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrologic, Anesthesiologic and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Roma RM, Italy; Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Francesco Saverio Bersani
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell'Università 30, 00185 Roma RM, Italy.
| | - Elisa D'Ottavio
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrologic, Anesthesiologic and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Roma RM, Italy.
| | - Melanie Murphy
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Sciaila Bernardini
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrologic, Anesthesiologic and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Roma RM, Italy.
| | - Flaminia Crisciotti
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrologic, Anesthesiologic and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Roma RM, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Frizza
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrologic, Anesthesiologic and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Roma RM, Italy.
| | - Valentina Mazza
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrologic, Anesthesiologic and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Roma RM, Italy.
| | - Massimo Biondi
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell'Università 30, 00185 Roma RM, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Troisi
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrologic, Anesthesiologic and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Roma RM, Italy.
| | - Mauro Cacciafesta
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrologic, Anesthesiologic and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Roma RM, Italy.
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11
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Bento IC, Souza MAN, Peixoto SV. Association between number of medications used and nutritional markers among elderly persons with chronic diseases: National Health Survey (2013). REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE GERIATRIA E GERONTOLOGIA 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1981-22562019022.180112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Objective: to evaluate the association between the number of medications taken and nutritional markers in Brazilian elderly persons diagnosed with chronic diseases. Method: study based on data from the National Health Survey (PNS) 2013, for the population aged 60 years or older who reported at least one chronic disease (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, heart disease, stroke, arthritis, depression, lung disease and chronic renal failure) (7,770 elderly persons). The outcome was the number of medications used for the selected diseases (0, 1 to 2 and 3 or more), and the exploratory variables were food consumption markers and anthropometric indicators (body mass index, waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio). The associations were evaluated by multinomial logistic regression, estimating the odds ratio and confidence intervals (95%) and considering potential confounding factors. Results: the use of a greater number of medications was positively associated with the consumption of fruits and vegetables, fish and milk, and negatively associated with the consumption of sweet foods, soft drinks and meat with excess fat; a greater consumption of medications was also associated with higher anthropometric indicator values. Conclusion: although a greater consumption of medications was associated with better dietary indicators, these elderly persons also had higher anthropometric indicator values, including a higher concentration of central adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sérgio Viana Peixoto
- Instituto René Rachou, Brasil; Instituto René Rachou, Brasil; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brasil
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French and Mediterranean-style diets: Contradictions, misconceptions and scientific facts-A review. Food Res Int 2018; 116:840-858. [PMID: 30717015 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The determination of appropriate dietary strategies for the prevention of chronic degenerative diseases, cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases remains a challenging and highly relevant issue worldwide. Epidemiological dietary interventions have been studied for decades with contrasting impacts on human health. Moreover, research scientists and physicians have long debated diets encouraging alcohol intake, such as the Mediterranean and French-style diets, with regard to their impact on human health. Understanding the effects of these diets may help to improve in the treatment and prevention of diseases. However, further studies are warranted to determine which individual food components, or combinations thereof, have a beneficial impact on different diseases, since a large number of different compounds may occur in a single food, and their fate in vivo is difficult to measure. Most explanations for the positive effects of Mediterranean-style diet, and of the French paradox, have focused largely on the beneficial properties of antioxidants, among other compounds/metabolites, in foods and red wine. Wine is a traditional alcoholic beverage that has been associated with both healthy and harmful effects. Not withstanding some doubts, there is reasonable unanimity among researchers as to the beneficial effects of moderate wine consumption on cardiovascular disease, diabetes, osteoporosis, and longevity, which have been ascribed to polyphenolic compounds present in wine. Despite this, conflicting findings regarding the impact of alcohol consumption on human health, and contradictory findings concerning the effects of non-alcoholic wine components such as resveratrol, have led to confusion among consumers. In addition to these contradictions and misconceptions, there is a paucity of human research studies confirming known positive effects of polyphenols in vivo. Furthermore, studies balancing both known and unknown prognostic factors have mostly been conducted in vitro or using animal models. Moreover, current studies have shifted focus from red wine to dairy products, such as cheese, to explain the French paradox. The aim of this review is to highlight the contradictions, misconceptions, and scientific facts about wines and diets, giving special focus to the Mediterranean and French diets in disease prevention and human health improvement. To answer the multiplicity of questions regarding the effects of diet and specific diet components on health, and to relieve consumer uncertainty and promote health, comprehensive cross-demographic studies using the latest technologies, which include foodomics and integrated omics approaches, are warranted.
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Tepper S, Alter Sivashensky A, Rivkah Shahar D, Geva D, Cukierman-Yaffe T. The Association between Mediterranean Diet and the Risk of Falls and Physical Function Indices in Older Type 2 Diabetic People Varies by Age. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10060767. [PMID: 29899221 PMCID: PMC6024581 DOI: 10.3390/nu10060767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Diabetes and dysglycemia increase the risk of frailty and decreased physical abilities. Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MD) may reduce this risk. We hypothesized that adherence to the MD is associated with physical function in older type-2 diabetic patients and that the association is stratified by age. METHODS AND RESULTS We recruited type-2 diabetes patients aged >60 years at the Center for Successful Aging with Diabetes at Sheba Medical Center. Health status and demographic data were obtained from medical records. Food Frequency Questionnaire was used for nutritional assessment and calculation of MD score. Physical function indices were determined by a physiotherapist and included: Berg Balance test, Timed Get-Up-and-Go, 6-min walk (6 MW), 10-m walk (10 MW), Four Square Step Test, 30-s chair stand and Grip strength, and activities and instrumental activities of daily living. Among 117 participants (age 70.6 ± 6.5), high adherence to MD was associated with better score on functional tests (low vs. high MD adherence: 9.7% vs. 25%, ANOVA p = 0.02). A significant age by MD interaction was found: a higher adherence to MD was associated with a better 6 MW (low vs. high: 387 ± 35 m vs. 483 ± 26 m; p = 0.001) and higher 10 MW (low vs. high: 1.8 ± 0.16 m/s vs. 2.0 ± 0.13 m/s; p = 0.02) in participants aged >75 years. These associations remained significant after controlling for gender, age, BMI, and physical activity. CONCLUSION In the current study, we showed relationships between strength, physical performance, and MD among older diabetic patients. Future studies are needed to confirm this association and establish temporal relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigal Tepper
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Tel Hai Academic College, Upper Galilee 1220800, Israel.
| | - Amit Alter Sivashensky
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
| | - Danit Rivkah Shahar
- The S. Daniel Abraham Center for Health and Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8443944, Israel.
| | - Diklah Geva
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8443944, Israel.
| | - Tali Cukierman-Yaffe
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
- The Center for Successful Aging with Diabetes, Endocrinology Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel.
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