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Keirns BH, Sciarrillo CM, Poindexter KL, Dixon MD, Medlin AR, Koemel NA, Hart SM, Geist CH, Jenkins NDM, Lucas EA, Emerson SR. Postprandial triglycerides across the aging spectrum: A secondary analysis utilizing an abbreviated fat tolerance test. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 34:121-125. [PMID: 37788958 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Elevated postprandial triglycerides are an independent cardiovascular disease risk factor and observed in older adults. However, differences in postprandial triglycerides across the spectrum of adulthood remain unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed a secondary analysis of six studies where adults (aged 18-84 years; N = 155) completed an abbreviated fat tolerance test (9 kcal/kg; 70% fat). Differences in postprandial triglycerides were compared in those ≥50 and <50 years and by decade of life, adjusting for sex and BMI. Compared to those <50 years, participants ≥50 years had higher fasting, 4 h, and Δ triglycerides from baseline (p's < 0.05). When examining triglyceride parameters by decade, no differences were observed for fasting triglycerides, but 50 s, 60 s, and 70s-80 s displayed greater 4 h and Δ triglycerides versus 20 s (p's ≤ 0.001). The frequency of adverse postprandial triglyceride responses (i.e., ≥220 mg/dL) was higher in participants ≥50 versus <50 years (p < 0.01), and in 60 s compared to all other decades (p = 0.01). CONCLUSION Older age was generally associated with higher postprandial triglycerides, with no divergence across the spectrum of older adulthood. In our sample, postprandial triglyceride differences in older and younger adults were driven by those >50 years relative to young adults in their 20 s. REGISTRATION N/A (secondary analysis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryant H Keirns
- Department of Nutrition and Health Science, Ball State University, Muncie, IN 47306, USA.
| | - Christina M Sciarrillo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74075, USA
| | - Kara L Poindexter
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74075, USA
| | - Madison D Dixon
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74075, USA
| | - Austin R Medlin
- Department of Health & Wellness Design, Indiana University School of Public Health, 1025 E. Seventh St., Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Nicholas A Koemel
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, USA; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Samantha M Hart
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74075, USA
| | - Caroline H Geist
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74075, USA
| | - Nathaniel D M Jenkins
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA; Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Edralin A Lucas
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74075, USA
| | - Sam R Emerson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74075, USA
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Metelcová T, Hainer V, Hill M, Kalousková P, Vrbíková J, Šrámková P, Fried M, Taxová Braunerová R, Kunešová M. Postprandial Triglyceride, Glucose and Insulin Levels 10 Years After Bariatric Surgery in Women With Severe Obesity - A Pilot Study: Part 1 - Laparoscopic Greater Curvature Plication. Physiol Res 2023; 72:S399-S403. [PMID: 38116773 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.935145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The long-term effects of bariatric surgery on postprandial profiles in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) have not yet been investigated. Therefore, this study examined postprandial profiles before laparoscopic greater curvature plication (LGCP), and then at 2 and 10 years after surgery.The studied cohort included 10 women (mean age= 54.4±5 years) with obesity (mean BMI= 42.5±7.8 kg/m?) and T2D who underwent LGCP. All subjects underwent a standardized liquid mixed-meal test. For statistical evaluation, ANOVA with Bonferroni multiple comparison was used. Mean postprandial levels were significantly decreased 2 years after surgery. Responses 10 years after the surgery also remained significantly lower than before surgery. Changes observed during the follow-up were significant: glucose: F=34.5, p<0.001; insulin: F=49.3, p<0.001; triglycerides F=9.2, p<0.001. The long-term favorable effects of bariatric surgery on cardiometabolic health may be partly mediated by reductions in postprandial glucose, insulin, and triglyceride levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Metelcová
- Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czech Republic. E-mail:
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Metelcová T, Hainer V, Hill M, Kalousková P, Vrbíková J, Šrámková P, Fried M, Taxová Braunerová R, Kunešová M. Postprandial Triglyceride, Glucose and Insulin Levels 10 Years After Bariatric Surgery in Women With Severe Obesity - A Pilot Study: Part 2 - Biliopancreatic Diversion. Physiol Res 2023; 72:S405-S410. [PMID: 38116774 PMCID: PMC10830165 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.935179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity significantly increases the risk of developing metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. The most effective management tool for both obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) is bariatric/metabolic surgery. Delayed postprandial plasma triglyceride clearance contributes to the development of atherosclerosis in patients with T2D. Biliopancreatic diversion (BPD) was shown to be the most effective procedure in long-term T2D remission. However, the effect of BPD on postprandial metabolic profile has not been studied so far. In this pilot study, we therefore examined the changes in postprandial glucose, insulin, and triglyceride in women with severe obesity and T2D before surgery and then two and ten years after BPD. The studied cohort included 7 women (mean age at baseline=49.3±8.2 years) with severe obesity (mean BMI= 45.7±2.9 kg/m?) and T2D. A standardized liquid mixed-meal test was carried out in all subjects and the mean postprandial levels of plasma glucose, insulin, and triglyceride were analyzed by standard laboratory procedures. For statistical evaluation, ANOVA with Bonferroni multiple comparisons was used. Ten years after BPD not only a significant reduction of an average BMI (F=32.9, p<0.001) but also significant declines in mean postprandial plasma levels of glucose (F=155.3, p<0.001), insulin (F=69.8, p<0.001), and triglyceride (F=139.9, p<0.001) were demonstrated. The observed changes in postprandial metabolic profile may contribute to improved cardiometabolic health after bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Metelcová
- Institute of Endocrinology, Obesity Management Center, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Balaban Yucesan F, Demir EN, Ozer Yaman S, Orem A, Dokuz Murat B, Bilgin B. Short-Term Standard Diet Consumption Prior to the Oral Fat Tolerance Test Modulates the Postprandial Triglyceride Response. Metabolites 2023; 13:1019. [PMID: 37755299 PMCID: PMC10537398 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13091019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that the consumption of a 3-day standard diet (SD) prior to the oral fat tolerance test (OFTT), used to evaluate postprandial lipemia, may counteract the undesirable effects of individual dietary habits on the test results. The OFTT was applied to 22 healthy adults (11 females and 11 males), after their habitual diets (HDs) and following the consumption of a 3-day SD (45-60% energy from carbohydrate, 20-35% from fat, and 10-20% from protein). Plasma triglyceride (TG) concentrations were measured during fasting and at the fourth hour of the OFTT. A 3-day SD significantly reduced fasting and fourth-hour TG concentrations and delta TG values by 10%, 12.8%, and 22.7%, respectively. Decreases were observed in fasting and fourth-hour TG and delta TG values following the 3-day SD compared to the HD in subjects with fasting TG concentrations between 89 and 180 mg/dL (p = 0.062, p = 0.018, and 0.047, respectively). As a result, the consumption of a 3-day standardized diet prior to the OFTT may be useful to eliminate the false positive or negative effects of individual dietary habits on test results and to correctly identify individuals who should be administered the OFTT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulya Balaban Yucesan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey; (E.N.D.); (S.O.Y.); (A.O.); (B.B.)
| | - Eda Nur Demir
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey; (E.N.D.); (S.O.Y.); (A.O.); (B.B.)
| | - Serap Ozer Yaman
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey; (E.N.D.); (S.O.Y.); (A.O.); (B.B.)
| | - Asım Orem
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey; (E.N.D.); (S.O.Y.); (A.O.); (B.B.)
| | - Busra Dokuz Murat
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Institute of Health Sciences, Marmara University, 34854 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Busra Bilgin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey; (E.N.D.); (S.O.Y.); (A.O.); (B.B.)
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Mikkelsen M, Wilsgaard T, Grimsgaard S, Hopstock LA, Hansson P. Associations between postprandial triglyceride concentrations and sex, age, and body mass index: cross-sectional analyses from the Tromsø study 2015-2016. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1158383. [PMID: 37396133 PMCID: PMC10308115 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1158383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Elevated serum triglyceride concentrations increase the risk of developing atherosclerosis, the leading cause of cardiovascular disease. Postprandial triglyceride concentrations have shown to be a stronger predictor of cardiovascular disease compared to fasting triglycerides. It is therefore clinically relevant to study patterns of postprandial triglyceride concentrations in a general adult population. Aims The aim of this cross-sectional analysis was to examine postprandial triglyceride concentrations in women and men, and the association with age, body mass index and menopausal status. Methods Non-fasting blood samples from 20,963 women and men aged 40 years and older, attending the seventh survey of the Tromsø Study (2015-2016), were analyzed for postprandial triglyceride concentrations using descriptive statistics and linear regression models. Self-reported time since last meal before blood sampling was categorized into 1-h intervals with 7+ hours considered fasting. Results Men had higher triglyceride concentrations compared to women. The pattern of postprandial triglyceride concentrations differed between the sexes. In women, the highest triglyceride concentration (19% higher compared to fasting level, p < 0.001) was found 3-4 h postprandially compared to 1-3 h in men (30% higher compared to fasting level, p < 0.001). In women, all subgroups of age and BMI had higher triglyceride concentrations than the reference group (age 40-49 years and BMI < 25 kg/m2), but no linear trend for age was observed. In men, triglyceride concentrations were inversely associated with age. Body mass index was positively associated with triglyceride concentration in both women (p < 0.001) and men (p < 0.001), although this association was somewhat modified by age in women. Postmenopausal women had significantly higher triglyceride concentrations compared to premenopausal women (p < 0.05). Conclusion Postprandial triglyceride concentrations differed in groups of sex, age, body mass index, and menopausal status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Mikkelsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Nutrition Research Group, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Tom Wilsgaard
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Sameline Grimsgaard
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Laila A. Hopstock
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Patrik Hansson
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Nutrition Research Group, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Food Studies, Nutrition and Dietetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Saturated Fatty Acids Consumed in Smoothies Increase Glucose and Metabolic Load Index in Young Adults Compared to Polyunsaturated Omega-3-Fatty Acids. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030642. [PMID: 36771349 PMCID: PMC9919801 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Chronic diets high in saturated fat (SF) and omega-6-fatty acids (O6FAs) elevate fasting triglycerides (TRGs) and glucose (GLU). Postprandial TRGs, GLU, and Metabolic Load Index (MLI) are better predictors of disease risk compared to fasting levels alone. Conversely, diets high in omega-3 fatty acids (O3FAs) may be cardioprotective. Unfortunately, many existing postprandial studies are not standardized to body weight and given in an amount individuals would typically consume in their daily lives; the MLI is not calculated, and varying types of fat content are not examined. Therefore, we sought to determine whether SF, O3FAs, or O6FAs altered postprandial TRGs, GLU, and MLI from a standardized mixed meal. Methods: Fifteen individuals (6 M and 9 F) visited the laboratory three times, separated by at least 48 h, to consume HFM smoothies with varying FA composition (SF, high O6FAs, and high O3FAs). The smoothies were standardized to 12 kcal/kg body weight, 63% total fat, and 0.72 g/kg sugar. TRGs and GLU were collected at baseline and at 2 h and 4 h postprandially; the MLI was calculated by summing the TRG and GLU responses at each time point. Results: There was a significant increase in TRGs across time points (p < 0.001). For TRGs, there was a trend toward a significant interaction between smoothie type and time (p = 0.06) due to the increase in TRGs in the SF compared to the O3FA smoothie. There was an increase in postprandial GLU that varied across smoothie types (p = 0.036). Taken together, the MLI was elevated in the SF smoothie compared to the O3FAs at 2 h (p = 0.041). Conclusion: A SF smoothie in the morning elevated the metabolic load compared to an O3FA smoothie. Mechanisms of action in the competing clearance of TRGs and GLU warrant further investigation.
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Reynolds LJ, Williams TM, Harden JE, Twiddy HM, Kearney ML. Short-term removal of exercise impairs glycemic control in older adults: A randomized trial. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15591. [PMID: 36695760 PMCID: PMC9875817 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Postprandial glycemia (PPG) predicts cardiovascular disease, and short-term physical inactivity increases PPG in young, active adults. Whether this occurs in older, active adults who may be more prone to bouts of inactivity is unknown. This study determined if postprandial interstitial glucose (PPIG) was impaired in active older adults following the removal of exercise for 3 days (NOEX) compared to active young adults. In this randomized, crossover study, 11 older (69.1 ± 1.9 years) and 9 young (32.8 ± 1.8 years) habitually active (≥90 min/week of exercise) adults completed 3-days of NOEX and 3-days of normal habitual exercise (EX), separated by ≥1 week. Diet was standardized across phases. Glycemic control (3-day average) was assessed via continuous glucose monitoring during both phases. Significant main effects of age and phase were detected (p < 0.05), but no interaction was found for steps/day (p > 0.05) (old EX: 6283 ± 607, old NOEX: 2380 ± 382 and young EX: 8798 ± 623, young NOEX: 4075 ± 516 steps/day). Significant main effects of age (p = 0.002) and time (p < 0.001) existed for 1-h PPIG, but no effect of phase or interactions was found (p > 0.05). Significant main effects (p < 0.05) of age (old: 114 ± 1 mg/dl, young: 106 ± 1 mg/dl), phase (NOEX: 112 ± 1 mg/dl, EX: 108 ± 1 mg/dl), and time (0 min: 100 ± 2, 30 min: 118 ± 2, 60 min: 116 ± 2, 90 min: 111 ± 2, 120 min: 108 ± 2 mg/dl) in 2-h PPIG were detected, but no interaction was found (p > 0.05). However, only significant main effects of phase (NOEX: 14 ± 1 and EX:12 ± 1, p > 0.05) were found for 24-h blood glucose standard deviation. Older adults appear to have impaired glycemic control compared to young adults and exercise removal impairs glycemic control in both populations. Yet, the impairment in glycemic control with exercise removal is not different between old and young adults.
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Petridou A, Mougios V. Exercise to lower postprandial lipemia: why, when, what and how. Int J Sports Med 2022; 43:1013-1022. [PMID: 35345016 DOI: 10.1055/a-1810-5118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We review recent findings on the ability of exercise to lower postprandial lipemia (PPL). Specifically, we answer why exercise is important in lowering PPL, when it is most effective to exercise to achieve this, what the preferred exercise is and how exercise reduces PPL. Most findings confirm the power of exercise to lower PPL, which is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Exercise is most effective when performed on the day preceding a high- or moderate-fat meal. This effect lasts up to approximately two days; therefore, one should exercise frequently to maintain this benefit. However, the time of exercise relative to a meal is not that important in real-life conditions, since one consumes several meals during the day; thus, an exercise bout will inevitably exert its lowering effect on PPL in one or more of the subsequent meals. Although moderate-intensity continuous exercise, high-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE), resistance exercise and accumulation of short bouts of exercise throughout the day are all effective in lowering PPL, submaximal, high-volume interval exercise seems to be superior, provided it is tolerable. Finally, exercise reduces PPL by both lowering the rate of appearance and increasing the clearance of triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins from the circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoli Petridou
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science at Thessaloniki, Laboratory of Evaluation of Human Biological Performance, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vassilis Mougios
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science at Thessaloniki, Laboratory of Evaluation of Human Biological Performance, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Neumann HF, Egert S. Impact of Meal Fatty Acid Composition on Postprandial Lipemia in Metabolically Healthy Adults and Individuals with Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: A Systematic Review. Adv Nutr 2021; 13:193-207. [PMID: 34427586 PMCID: PMC8803497 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Consuming fat results in postprandial lipemia, which is defined as an increase in blood triglyceride (TG) concentration. According to current knowledge, an excessively elevated postprandial TG concentration increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). It is well known that meal-dependent (e.g., nutrient composition) as well as meal-independent factors (e.g., age) determine the magnitude of the lipemic response. However, there is conflicting evidence concerning the influence of fatty acid (FA) composition on postprandial TG concentration. The FA composition of a meal depends on the fat source used; for example, butter and coconut oil are rich in SFAs, while olive oil and canola oil have a high content of unsaturated FAs. To investigate the influence of meals prepared with fat sources rich in either SFAs or unsaturated FAs on postprandial lipemia, we carried out a systematic literature search in PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library. Randomized crossover studies were analyzed and the AUC of postprandial TG concentration served as the primary outcome measure. To examine the influence of health status, we differentiated between metabolically healthy individuals and those with CVD risk factors. In total, 23 studies were included. The results show that, in metabolically healthy adults, the FA composition of a meal is not a relevant determinant of postprandial lipemia. However, in individuals with CVD risk factors, SFA-rich meals (>32 g SFA/meal) often elicited a stronger lipemic response than meals rich in unsaturated FAs. The results suggest that adults with hypertriglyceridemia, an elevated BMI (≥30 kg/m2), and/or who are older (>40 y) may benefit from replacing SFA sources with unsaturated FAs. These hypotheses need to be verified by further studies in people with CVD risk factors using standardized postprandial protocols. This review was registered in PROSPERO as CRD42021214508 (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah F Neumann
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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Acute exercise improves glucose and TAG metabolism in young and older adults following high-fat, high-carbohydrate meal intake. Br J Nutr 2021; 127:687-695. [PMID: 34134790 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521002208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A single high-fat, high-carbohydrate meal (HFHC) results in elevated postprandial glucose (GLU), triglycerides (TAG) and metabolic load index (MLI; TAG (mg/dl) + GLU (mg/dl)) that contributes to chronic disease risk. While disease risk is higher in older adults (OA) compared to younger adults (YA), the acute effects of exercise on these outcomes in OA is understudied. Twelve YA (age 23.3 ± 3.9 yrs, n = 5 M/7 F) and 12 OA (age 67·7 ± 6.0 yrs, n = 8 M/4 F) visited the laboratory in random order to complete a HFHC with no exercise (NE) or acute exercise (EX) condition. EX was performed 12 hours prior to HFHC at an intensity of 65 % of maximal heart rate to expend 75 % of the kcals consumed in HFHC (Marie Callender's Chocolate Satin Pie; 12 kcal/kgbw; 57 % fat, 37 % CHO). Blood samples were taken at 0, 30, 60, 90 minutes, and then every hour until 6 hours post-meal. TAG levels increased to a larger magnitude in OA (Δ∼61 ± 31 %) compared to YA (Δ∼37 ± 34 %, P < 0·001), which were attenuated in EX compared to NE (P < 0·05) independent of age. There was no difference in GLU between OA and YA after the HFM, however, EX had attenuated GLU independent of age (NE: Δ∼21 ± 26 %; EX: Δ∼12 ± 18 %, P = 0·027). MLI was significantly lower after EX compared to NE in OA and YA (P < 0·001). Pre-prandial EX reduced TAG, GLU and MLI post-HFHC independent of age.
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Sciarrillo CM, Koemel NA, Keirns BH, Banks NF, Rogers EM, Rosenkranz SK, Kurti SP, Jenkins NDM, Emerson SR. Who would benefit most from postprandial lipid screening? Clin Nutr 2021; 40:4762-4771. [PMID: 34242916 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Individuals with fasting triglycerides (TG) <150 mg/dL can experience a deleterious postprandial TG response ≥220 mg/dL to a high-fat meal (HFM). The purpose of this study was to identify individuals based on fasting TG that would benefit most from additional postprandial screening. METHODS We conducted a secondary analysis of 7 studies from our laboratories featuring 156 disease-free participants (64 M, 92 F; age 18-70 years; BMI 18.5-30 kg/m2). Participants observed a 10-12 h overnight fast, after which they consumed an HFM (10-13 kcal/kg body mass; 61-64% kcal from fat). Two methods were used to identify lower and upper fasting TG cut points. Method 1 identified the lower limit as the TG concentration at which ≥90% of individuals presented peak postprandial TG (PPTG) <220 mg/dL and the upper limit as the concentration which ≥90% of individuals presented PPTG ≥220 mg/dL. Method 2 utilized receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and identified the lower limit as the fasting TG concentration where sensitivity was ≈95% and the upper limit as the concentration at which specificity was ≈95%. RESULTS In Method 1, 90% of individuals with fasting TG >130 mg/dL (>1.50 mmol/L) exhibited PPTG ≥220 mg/dL (≥2.50 mmol/L), while 100% of individuals with fasting TG <66 mg/dL (0.75 mmol/L) had PPTG that did not exceed 220 mg/dL (2.50 mmol/L). In Method 2, when sensitivity was ≈95%, the corresponding fasting TG concentration was 70 mg/dL (0.79 mmol/L). When specificity was ≈95%, the corresponding fasting TG concentration was 114 mg/dL (1.29 mmol/L). Based on methods 1 and 2, there was a moderate positive association (r = 0.37, p < 0.004) between fasting and PPTG for individuals with fasting TG between 70 and 130 mg/dL (0.79-1.50 mmol/L), in which 24% exhibited PPTG ≥220 mg/dL (≥2.50 mmol/L) while 76% did not. CONCLUSIONS Postprandial TG testing is likely most useful for individuals with fasting TG concentrations between 70 and 130 mg/dL (0.79-1.50 mmol/L). Outside of this range, postprandial TG responses are largely predictable. Establishing a specific patient group for which postprandial TG testing is most useful may lead to earlier risk detection in these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicholas A Koemel
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA; Boden Collaboration for Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise, and Eating Disorders, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Bryant H Keirns
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Nile F Banks
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA; Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Emily M Rogers
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA; Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Sara K Rosenkranz
- Department of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics and Health, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Stephanie P Kurti
- Department of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics and Health, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA; Department of Kinesiology, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, USA
| | - Nathaniel D M Jenkins
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA; Department of Health and Human Performance, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA; Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Sam R Emerson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA; Department of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics and Health, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
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The chronic effect of physical activity on postprandial triglycerides in postmenopausal women: A randomized controlled study. J Exerc Sci Fit 2021; 19:111-118. [PMID: 33456478 PMCID: PMC7797562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study examined the chronic effect of increased physical activity on postprandial triglycerides in older women. Methods Twenty-six women, aged 72 ± 5 years (mean ± SD), participated in this study. Participants in the physical activity group (n = 11) were asked to increase their activities above their usual lifestyle levels for 12 weeks. Participants in the control group (n = 15) maintained their usual lifestyle for 12 weeks. All participants rested and consumed a standardized breakfast after a 24-h period of physical activity avoidance at baseline, 4 weeks, and 12 weeks. Blood samples were collected in the fasted state (0 h) and at 2, 4, and 6 h after breakfast. Results The average increased time spent in self-selected activities per day was 1.1 ± 19.3 min over the 12 weeks compared with the baseline in the physical activity group. There was no difference in the postprandial time-averaged triglyceride area under the curve at baseline (1.59 ± 0.81 vs. 1.39 ± 0.67 mmol/L, p = 0.515) or over the 12-week intervention (1.78 ± 1.00 vs. 1.31 ± 0.67 mmol/L, p = 0.212) between the physical activity and control groups. Conclusion Postprandial triglyceride concentrations were not reduced after performing self-selected activities under free-living conditions in older women when these responses were determined 24 h after the last physical activity bout. (Trial registration ID: UMIN000037420).
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Koemel NA, Sciarrillo CM, Bode KB, Dixon MD, Lucas EA, Jenkins NDM, Emerson SR. Postprandial Metabolism and Vascular Function: Impact of Aging and Physical Activity Level. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2020; 30:412-419. [PMID: 32908019 DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2020-0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The consumption of a high-fat meal can induce postprandial lipemia and endothelial dysfunction. The authors assessed the impact of age and physical activity on metabolic and vascular outcomes following meal consumption in healthy adults. The authors recruited four groups: younger active (age 22.1 ± 1.4 years; n = 9), younger inactive (age 22.6 ± 3.7 years; n = 8), older active (age 68.4 ± 7.7 years; n = 8), and older inactive (age 67.7 ± 7.2 years; n = 7). The metabolic outcomes were measured at the baseline and hourly for 6 hr post high-fat meal consumption (12 kcal/kg; 63% fat). Flow-mediated dilation was measured at the baseline, 2 hr, and 4 hr postmeal. The total area under the curve for triglycerides was significantly lower in the more active groups, but did not differ based on age (younger active = 6.5 ± 1.4 mmol/L × 6 hr, younger inactive = 11.7 ± 4.8, older active = 6.8 ± 2.7, older inactive = 12.1 ± 1.7; p = .0004). After adjusting for artery diameter, flow-mediated dilation differed between groups at the baseline (younger active = 4.8 ± 1.6%, younger inactive = 2.5 ± 0.5, older active = 3.4 ± 0.9, older inactive = 2.2 ± 0.4; p < .001) and decreased significantly across groups 4 hr postmeal (mean difference = 0.82; 95% CI [0.02, 1.6]; p = .04). These findings highlight the beneficial effect of regular physical activity on postprandial lipemia, independent of age.
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Resistance exercise attenuates postprandial metabolic responses to a high-fat meal similarly in younger and older men. Nutr Res 2020; 83:73-85. [PMID: 33032071 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2020.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
This study examined whether an acute bout of resistance exercise (RE) attenuated postprandial responses to a high fat meal (HFM) similarly in younger versus older adult men, and probed relationships among skeletal muscle mass (SMM), age, the metabolic load index (MLI) response, and the improvement in the MLI elicited by RE versus CON. Eleven younger (24 ± 4y) and 9 older (61 ± 5y) men completed RE or control (CON) the night prior to a HFM. Before and 1, 3, and 5 hours after the HFM, blood triglycerides (TG), glucose (GLU), MLI, and cholesterol concentrations were quantified. Following a 7 ± 1-day washout period, participants returned and completed the opposite condition. Independent of age, TGs were 32.1 ± 27.1 mg/dL and 52.7 ± 26.8 mg/dL lower in RE than CON at 3 and 5 hours, respectively. MLI was also 24.3 to 56.9 mg/dL lower in RE than CON from 1 to 5 hours post-meal independent of age. The TG and MLI area under the curves (AUCs) were 15% to 31% lower in RE than CON. The GLU response was greater in the older than younger men at 1 to 5 hours post-meal. Moreover, the average GLU response was 5.6 ± 2.5 mg/dL lower in RE versus CON and was inversely related to SMM across the sample (r = -0.615). However, age, volume, or SMM were not related to the MLIAUC, nor to the improvement elicited by RE. Therefore, although the older men displayed a greater postprandial glucose response than the younger men, RE attenuated the postprandial metabolic response to a HFM similarly in younger and older men.
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Diekmann C, Huber H, Preuß M, Preuß P, Predel HG, Stoffel-Wagner B, Fimmers R, Stehle P, Egert S. Moderate Postmeal Walking Has No Beneficial Effects Over Resting on Postprandial Lipemia, Glycemia, Insulinemia, and Selected Oxidative and Inflammatory Parameters in Older Adults with a Cardiovascular Disease Risk Phenotype: A Randomized Crossover Trial. J Nutr 2019; 149:1930-1941. [PMID: 31318033 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research suggests that postprandial events, as risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), are influenced by meal composition and exercise. OBJECTIVES We investigated the effect of walking versus rest on postprandial metabolic, inflammatory, and oxidative events following the consumption of test meals reflecting 2 different dietary patterns in older adults with an increased CVD risk. METHODS A randomized crossover trial was conducted in 26 men and women (aged 70 ± 5 y; BMI 30.3 ± 2.3 kg/m2). Each adult participated in 4 treatments combining 1 of 2 iso-energetic (4300 kJ) meals [Western diet high-fat meal (WD): total fat, 59.4 g; saturated fatty acids, 32.0 g, dietary fiber, 4.2 g; or Mediterranean-type diet meal (MD): total fat, 40.1 g; saturated fatty acids, 5.1 g; dietary fiber, 14.5 g] with 30 min walking (4.6 ± 0.1 km/h) or rest. Primary (serum triglycerides) and secondary [serum nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs); parameters of glucose metabolism, inflammation, endothelial activation, oxidation; blood pressure/heart rate] outcomes were measured at fasting and 1.5, 3.0, and 4.5 h postprandially. Data were analyzed by linear mixed models. RESULTS Triglycerides were higher after the WD than after the MD [AUC in mmol/L × min: Western diet high-fat meal plus postprandial walking (WD-W), 218 ± 15.2; Western diet high-fat meal plus postprandial resting (WD-R), 207 ± 12.6; Mediterranean-type diet meal plus postprandial walking (MD-W), 139 ± 9.83; Mediterranean-type diet meal plus postprandial resting (MD-R), 149 ± 8.15; P < 0.001]. No meal or activity effect was observed for NEFAs based on AUC data (WD-W, -43.5 ± 7.08; WD-R, -49.2 ± 6.94; MD-W, -48.0 ± 11.6; MD-R, -67.6 ± 7.58). Plasma glucose was higher after the MD than after the WD (WD-W, 222 ± 34.9; WD-R, 177 ± 32.8; MD-W, 314 ± 44.4; MD-R, 275 ± 57.8; P < 0.001), as was serum insulin (AUC in nmol/L × min: WD-W, 82.0 ± 10.3; WD-R, 88.6 ± 12.8; MD-W, 129 ± 14.7; MD-R, 138 ± 20.5; P < 0.001). Plasma IL-6 was higher after walking than after resting (AUC in pg/mL × min: WD-W, 72.0 ± 34.0; WD-R, 14.3 ± 38.8; MD-W, 70.8 ± 39.4; MD-R, 5.60 ± 26.0; P < 0.05). Plasma vitamin C was higher after the MD than after the WD (P < 0.001) and after walking than after resting (P < 0.05; AUC in mg/L × min: WD-W, -305 ± 59.6; WD-R, -396 ± 84.0; MD-W, 113 ± 56.4; MD-R, -44.5 ± 48.1). We observed no meal or activity effects on parameters of oxidation and endothelial adhesion molecules. Our data revealed no significant meal × activity effects on all outcomes. CONCLUSIONS In older adults with an increased CVD risk, the MD was associated with superior effects on several postprandial parameters (e.g., triglycerides), in comparison to the WD. Data revealed no relevant differences regarding the effects of postmeal walking and resting. None of the 4 treatments can be rated as superior regarding their acute effects on the shown postprandial metabolic, oxidative, and inflammatory parameters. The trial was registered at German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS; http://www.germanctr.de and http://www.drks.de) under identifier DRKS00012409.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Diekmann
- Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Hanna Huber
- Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Manuela Preuß
- Human Resources Development and Career, Healthy Campus Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Preuß
- University Sports, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Predel
- Institute of Cardiology and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Birgit Stoffel-Wagner
- Central Laboratory, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Rolf Fimmers
- Informatics and Epidemiology, Institute of Medical Biometry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Stehle
- Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sarah Egert
- Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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O'Hara C, Ojo B, Emerson SR, Simenson AJ, Peterson S, Perkins-Veazie P, Payton ME, Hermann J, Smith BJ, Lucas EA. Acute Freeze-Dried Mango Consumption With a High-Fat Meal has Minimal Effects on Postprandial Metabolism, Inflammation and Antioxidant Enzymes. Nutr Metab Insights 2019; 12:1178638819869946. [PMID: 31452602 PMCID: PMC6700848 DOI: 10.1177/1178638819869946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Postprandial fluxes in oxidative stress, inflammation, glucose, and lipids, particularly after a high-fat meal (HFM), have been implicated in the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim of this study is to determine whether acute freeze-dried mango consumption modulates the postprandial response to an HFM. We hypothesized that the addition of mango, which is a rich source of many bioactive components, to an HFM would lower postprandial triglycerides, glucose, and inflammation, and increase antioxidant enzymes, compared to a standard HFM alone. Methods In a randomized cross-over study, 24 healthy adult males (18-25 years old) consumed a typical American breakfast (670 kcal; 58% fat) with or without the freeze-dried mango pulp (50 g). Lipids, glucose, antioxidant enzymes, and inflammatory markers were assessed at baseline/fasting and 1, 2, and 4 hours after the HFM. Results Addition of mango resulted in lower glucose (95.8 ± 4.4 mg/dL; P = .002) and higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C; 58.4 ± 2.7 mg/dL; P = .01) 1 hour post-HFM compared to control (glucose: 104.8 ± 5.4 mg/dL; HDL-C: 55.2 ± 2.3 mg/dL), although no differences were observed in triglycerides (P = .88 for interaction). No significant meal × time interactions were detected in markers of inflammation (C-reactive protein, P = .17; interleukin-6, P = .30) or antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, P = .77; glutathione peroxidase, P = .36; catalase, P = .32) in the postprandial period. Conclusions When added to an HFM, acute mango consumption had modest beneficial effects on postprandial glucose and HDL-C responses, but did not alter triglyceride, inflammatory, or antioxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal O'Hara
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Babajide Ojo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Sam R Emerson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Ashley J Simenson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Sandra Peterson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | | | - Mark E Payton
- Department of Statistics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Janice Hermann
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Brenda J Smith
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Edralin A Lucas
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
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Kolovou GD, Watts GF, Mikhailidis DP, Pérez-Martínez P, Mora S, Bilianou H, Panotopoulos G, Katsiki N, Ooi TC, Lopez-Miranda J, Tybjærg-Hansen A, Tentolouris N, Nordestgaard BG. Postprandial Hypertriglyceridaemia Revisited in the Era of Non-Fasting Lipid Profile Testing: A 2019 Expert Panel Statement, Narrative Review. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2019; 17:515-537. [DOI: 10.2174/1570161117666190503123911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Postprandial hypertriglyceridaemia, defined as an increase in plasma triglyceride-containing
lipoproteins following a fat meal, is a potential risk predictor of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
and other chronic diseases. Several non-modifiable factors (genetics, age, sex and menopausal status)
and lifestyle factors (diet, physical activity, smoking status, obesity, alcohol and medication use) may
influence postprandial hypertriglyceridaemia. This narrative review considers the studies published over
the last decade that evaluated postprandial hypertriglyceridaemia. Additionally, the genetic determinants
of postprandial plasma triglyceride levels, the types of meals for studying postprandial triglyceride response,
and underlying conditions (e.g. familial dyslipidaemias, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome,
non-alcoholic fatty liver and chronic kidney disease) that are associated with postprandial hypertriglyceridaemia
are reviewed; therapeutic aspects are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genovefa D. Kolovou
- Cardiology Department and LDL-Apheresis Unit, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece
| | - Gerald F. Watts
- Lipid Disorders Clinic, Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Dimitri P. Mikhailidis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
| | - Pablo Pérez-Martínez
- Lipid and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, and CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Samia Mora
- Center for Lipid Metabolomics, Divisions of Preventive and Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Helen Bilianou
- Department of Cardiology, Tzanio Hospital, Piraeus, Greece
| | | | - Niki Katsiki
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology-Metabolism, Diabetes Center, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Teik C. Ooi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - José Lopez-Miranda
- Lipid and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, and CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anne Tybjærg-Hansen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicholas Tentolouris
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Børge G. Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Wu Y, Wang Z, Jia X, Zhang H, Zhang H, Li J, Zhang K. Prediction of Alzheimer's disease with serum lipid levels in Asian individuals: a meta-analysis. Biomarkers 2019; 24:341-351. [PMID: 30663433 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2019.1571633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Background: The serum lipid profile has become a routine clinical test and used as an important predictor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), although its predictive value remains undetermined. Objective: To evaluate the role of serum lipid levels in predicting the risk of AD. Methods: Meta-analyses were conducted using Comprehensive Meta-analyses (CMA) software to investigate the association between four conventional serum lipid profile parameters and the risk of AD, focused on samples from Asian. Results: In total, 3423 AD patients and 6127 healthy participants were involved. The results demonstrated that AD patients showed higher LDL-C and TC levels (SMD = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.04-0.51, p = 0.02 for LDL-C; SMD = 0.25, 95% CI: 0.05-0.46, p = 0.02 for TC) compared with those of healthy controls. People with higher LDL-C and/or TC levels had an increased risk of AD (OR = 1.64, 95% CI: 1.07-2.51 for LDL-C and OR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.10-2.92 for TC). Conclusions: This study provided evidence that serum LDL-C and TC levels were associated with the risk of AD in Asian individuals. The routine lipid profile may be useful for AD diagnosis, monitoring and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Wu
- a College of Life Science, Institute of Health & Population Northwest University , Xi'an , China
| | - Zhibin Wang
- a College of Life Science, Institute of Health & Population Northwest University , Xi'an , China
| | - Xueping Jia
- a College of Life Science, Institute of Health & Population Northwest University , Xi'an , China
| | - Huan Zhang
- b The 2nd Affiliated Hospital , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , China
| | - Hong Zhang
- c Neurology Department , Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital , Xi'an , China
| | - Junlin Li
- a College of Life Science, Institute of Health & Population Northwest University , Xi'an , China.,d Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education) , Northwest University , Xi'an , China
| | - Kejin Zhang
- a College of Life Science, Institute of Health & Population Northwest University , Xi'an , China.,d Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education) , Northwest University , Xi'an , China
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Sciarrillo CM, Koemel NA, Kurti SP, Emerson SR. Validity of an Abbreviated, Clinically Feasible Test for Postprandial Lipemia in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Cross-Over Study. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11010180. [PMID: 30654471 PMCID: PMC6356282 DOI: 10.3390/nu11010180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A large post-meal triglyceride (TG) response is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, but postprandial lipemia assessments are not clinically practical in their current form. Therefore, we assessed the validity of an abbreviated, clinically feasible protocol in measuring postprandial lipemia. METHOD Eighteen healthy adults (8 male and 10 female) completed 3 high-fat meal trials in random order: (1) a Standard in Lab (SL) protocol wherein blood draws (to determine TG) were made from a catheter at baseline and hourly for 6 h; (2) an Abbreviated in Lab (AL) protocol in which participants remained in the laboratory but blood draws were only made at baseline and 4 h post-meal; and (3) an Abbreviated with Freedom (AF) protocol in which participants vacated the laboratory between the meal and the 4-h blood draw. RESULTS TG increase from baseline was very similar (p = 0.93) across the 3 trials (SL: 68.5 ± 62.7 mg/dL; AL: 71.1 ± 58.0 mg/dL; AF: 66.7 ± 46.4 mg/dL), as were 4-h TG levels (SL: 144.6 ± 84.2 mg/dL; AL: 171.4 ± 88.2 mg/dL; AF: 157.7 ± 76.7 mg/dL; p = 0.49). Similarly, total and incremental area under the curve (AUC) were not significantly different across the trials (p = 0.12 and 0.91, respectively). CONCLUSION The TG results of the clinically feasible, abbreviated protocol were similar to those of the more exhaustive standard protocol. The AF protocol could be a valid and feasible clinical tool for measurement of postprandial lipemia and assessment of cardiovascular risk, although studies in larger and more diverse cohorts are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Sciarrillo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
| | - Nicholas A Koemel
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
| | - Stephanie P Kurti
- Department of Kinesiology, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia, VA 22807, USA.
| | - Sam R Emerson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
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Emerson SR, Sciarrillo CM, Kurti SP, Emerson EM, Rosenkranz SK. High-Fat Meal–Induced Changes in Markers of Inflammation and Angiogenesis in Healthy Adults Who Differ by Age and Physical Activity Level. Curr Dev Nutr 2018. [PMCID: PMC6367518 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzy098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammation and angiogenesis are key facets of cardiovascular disease pathophysiology. Age and physical activity level can influence fasting systemic inflammation, but the impact of these factors on postprandial inflammation is unknown. In addition, markers of angiogenesis have never been tested in the context of a single high-fat meal (HFM). Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of an HFM on markers of inflammation and angiogenesis in individuals of different ages and physical activity levels. Methods Twenty-two healthy adults—8 younger active (YA) adults (4 men, 4 women; mean ± SD age: 25 ± 5 y), 8 older active (OA) adults (4 men, 4 women; 67 ± 5 y), and 6 older inactive (OI) adults (3 men, 3 women; 68 ± 7 y)—consumed an HFM [63% fat (39% saturated fat, 14% monounsaturated fat, 10% polyunsaturated fat), 34% carbohydrate; 12 kcal/kg body mass; 927 ± 154 kcal]. Fourteen inflammatory and 9 angiogenic markers were measured at baseline and 3 and 6 h postmeal. Results Significant group effects were observed in interleukin (IL)-10 (YA > OA; P = 0.02), IL-23 (YA > OA; P = 0.02), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (OA < OI; P = 0.04), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C (YA < OA; P = 0.001). IL-8, VEGF-A, VEGF-C, and heparin-binding epidermal growth factor–like growth factor significantly increased, whereas granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interferon-γ, IL-1β, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17A, IL-23, TNF-α, leptin, angiopoietin-2, and follistatin significantly decreased after HFM consumption (P’s < 0.05). Notably, VEGF-A and VEGF-C were significantly higher at 3 h [mean difference: 22.5 pg/mL (VEGF-A); 73.5 pg/mL (VEGF-C)] and 6 h postmeal [mean difference: 26.9 pg/mL (VEGF-A); 81.2 pg/mL (VEGF-C)]. Conclusions A novel finding of this study was the robust increase in VEGF after an HFM. There were also group differences in several inflammatory markers (IL-10 and IL-23 greater in YA than OA, and TNF-α lower in OA than OI) that suggest a potential influence of age and physical activity level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam R Emerson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK
- Physical Activity and Nutrition Clinical Research Consortium (PAN-CRC), College of Human Ecology
- Department of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics, and Health
| | | | - Stephanie P Kurti
- Physical Activity and Nutrition Clinical Research Consortium (PAN-CRC), College of Human Ecology
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
- Department of Kinesiology, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA
| | - Emily M Emerson
- Physical Activity and Nutrition Clinical Research Consortium (PAN-CRC), College of Human Ecology
- Department of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics, and Health
| | - Sara K Rosenkranz
- Physical Activity and Nutrition Clinical Research Consortium (PAN-CRC), College of Human Ecology
- Department of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics, and Health
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