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Hu X, Yu C, He Y, Zhu S, Wang S, Xu Z, You S, Jiao Y, Liu SL, Bao H. Integrative metagenomic analysis reveals distinct gut microbial signatures related to obesity. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:119. [PMID: 38580930 PMCID: PMC10996249 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03278-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a metabolic disorder closely associated with profound alterations in gut microbial composition. However, the dynamics of species composition and functional changes in the gut microbiome in obesity remain to be comprehensively investigated. In this study, we conducted a meta-analysis of metagenomic sequencing data from both obese and non-obese individuals across multiple cohorts, totaling 1351 fecal metagenomes. Our results demonstrate a significant decrease in both the richness and diversity of the gut bacteriome and virome in obese patients. We identified 38 bacterial species including Eubacterium sp. CAG:274, Ruminococcus gnavus, Eubacterium eligens and Akkermansia muciniphila, and 1 archaeal species, Methanobrevibacter smithii, that were significantly altered in obesity. Additionally, we observed altered abundance of five viral families: Mesyanzhinovviridae, Chaseviridae, Salasmaviridae, Drexlerviridae, and Casjensviridae. Functional analysis of the gut microbiome indicated distinct signatures associated to obesity and identified Ruminococcus gnavus as the primary driver for function enrichment in obesity, and Methanobrevibacter smithii, Akkermansia muciniphila, Ruminococcus bicirculans, and Eubacterium siraeum as functional drivers in the healthy control group. Additionally, our results suggest that antibiotic resistance genes and bacterial virulence factors may influence the development of obesity. Finally, we demonstrated that gut vOTUs achieved a diagnostic accuracy with an optimal area under the curve of 0.766 for distinguishing obesity from healthy controls. Our findings offer comprehensive and generalizable insights into the gut bacteriome and virome features associated with obesity, with the potential to guide the development of microbiome-based diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinliang Hu
- Genomics Research Center, Key Laboratory of Gut Microbiota and Pharmacogenomics of Heilongjiang Province, State-Province Key Laboratory of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Harbin Medical University-University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chong Yu
- Genomics Research Center, Key Laboratory of Gut Microbiota and Pharmacogenomics of Heilongjiang Province, State-Province Key Laboratory of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Harbin Medical University-University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuting He
- Genomics Research Center, Key Laboratory of Gut Microbiota and Pharmacogenomics of Heilongjiang Province, State-Province Key Laboratory of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Harbin Medical University-University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Songling Zhu
- Genomics Research Center, Key Laboratory of Gut Microbiota and Pharmacogenomics of Heilongjiang Province, State-Province Key Laboratory of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Harbin Medical University-University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ziqiong Xu
- Genomics Research Center, Key Laboratory of Gut Microbiota and Pharmacogenomics of Heilongjiang Province, State-Province Key Laboratory of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Harbin Medical University-University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shaohui You
- Genomics Research Center, Key Laboratory of Gut Microbiota and Pharmacogenomics of Heilongjiang Province, State-Province Key Laboratory of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Harbin Medical University-University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanlei Jiao
- Genomics Research Center, Key Laboratory of Gut Microbiota and Pharmacogenomics of Heilongjiang Province, State-Province Key Laboratory of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Harbin Medical University-University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shu-Lin Liu
- Genomics Research Center, Key Laboratory of Gut Microbiota and Pharmacogenomics of Heilongjiang Province, State-Province Key Laboratory of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
- Harbin Medical University-University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | - Hongxia Bao
- Genomics Research Center, Key Laboratory of Gut Microbiota and Pharmacogenomics of Heilongjiang Province, State-Province Key Laboratory of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
- Harbin Medical University-University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
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Monzon N, Kasahara EM, Gunasekaran A, Burge KY, Chaaban H. Impact of neonatal nutrition on necrotizing enterocolitis. Semin Pediatr Surg 2023; 32:151305. [PMID: 37257267 PMCID: PMC10750299 DOI: 10.1016/j.sempedsurg.2023.151305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. NEC is multifactorial and the result of a complex interaction of feeding, dysbiosis, and exaggerated inflammatory response. Feeding practices in the neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) can vary among institutions and have significant impact on the vulnerable gastointestinal tract of preterm infants. . These practices encompass factors such as the type of feeding and fortification, duration of feeding, and rate of advancement, among others. The purpose of this article is to review the data on some of the most common feeding practices in the NICU and their impact on the development of NEC in preterm infants. Data on the human milk bioactive component glycosaminoglycans, specifically hyaluronan, will also be discussed in the context of postnatal intestinal development and NEC prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noahlana Monzon
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OKC, 73104
| | - Emma M Kasahara
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OKC, 73104
| | - Aarthi Gunasekaran
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Kathryn Y Burge
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Hala Chaaban
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OKC, 73104; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104.
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Nieto-Ruiz A, Cerdó T, Jordano B, Torres-Espínola FJ, Escudero-Marín M, García-Ricobaraza M, Bermúdez MG, García-Santos JA, Suárez A, Campoy C. Maternal weight, gut microbiota, and the association with early childhood behavior: the PREOBE follow-up study. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2023; 17:41. [PMID: 36945049 PMCID: PMC10031971 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-023-00589-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Maternal overweight and breastfeeding seem to have a significant impact on the gut microbiota colonization process, which co-occurs simultaneously with brain development and the establishment of the "microbiota-gut-brain axis", which potentially may affect behavior later in life. This study aimed to examine the influence of maternal overweight, obesity and/or gestational diabetes on the offspring behavior at 3.5 years of age and its association with the gut microbiota already established at 18 months of life. METHODS 156 children born to overweight (OV, n = 45), obese (OB, n = 40) and normoweight (NW, n = 71) pregnant women participating in the PREOBE study were included in the current analysis. Stool samples were collected at 18 months of life and gut microbiome was obtained by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Behavioral problems were evaluated at 3.5 years by using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). ANOVA, Chi-Square Test, ANCOVA, Spearman's correlation, logistic regression model and generalized linear model (GLM) were performed. RESULTS At 3.5 years of age, Children born to OV/OB mothers showed higher scores in behavioral problems than those born to NW mothers. Additionally, offspring born to OB mothers who developed gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) presented higher scores in attention/deficit hyperactivity and externalizing problems than those born to GDM OV/NW mothers. Fusicatenibacter abundance found at 18 months of age was associated to lower scores in total, internalizing and pervasive developmental problems, while an unidentified genus within Clostridiales and Flavonifractor families abundance showed a positive correlation with anxiety/depression and somatic complaints, respectively. On the other hand, children born to mothers with higher BMI who were breastfed presented elevated anxiety, internalizing problems, externalizing problems and total problems scores; likewise, their gut microbiota composition at 18 months of age showed positive correlation with behavioral problems at 3.5 years: Actinobacteria abundance and somatic complaints and between Fusobacteria abundance and withdrawn behavior and pervasive developmental problems. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggests that OV/OB and/or GDM during pregnancy is associated with higher behavioral problems scores in children at 3.5 years old. Additionally, associations between early life gut microbiota composition and later mental health in children was also found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Nieto-Ruiz
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. Investigación 11, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre, EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, University of Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs.GRANADA), San Cecilio University Hospital. Health Sciences Technological Park, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Tomás Cerdó
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Belén Jordano
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. Investigación 11, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre, EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, University of Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs.GRANADA), San Cecilio University Hospital. Health Sciences Technological Park, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Clinical University Hospital San Cecilio. Paediatric Service, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco J Torres-Espínola
- Biomedical Research Centre, EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, University of Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Mireia Escudero-Marín
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. Investigación 11, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre, EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, University of Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Neurosciences Institute Dr. Federico Oloriz - University of Granada. Health Sciences Technological Park, Avda. del Conocimiento, S/N., 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - María García-Ricobaraza
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. Investigación 11, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre, EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, University of Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs.GRANADA), San Cecilio University Hospital. Health Sciences Technological Park, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Mercedes G Bermúdez
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. Investigación 11, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre, EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, University of Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs.GRANADA), San Cecilio University Hospital. Health Sciences Technological Park, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - José A García-Santos
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. Investigación 11, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre, EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, University of Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs.GRANADA), San Cecilio University Hospital. Health Sciences Technological Park, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Suárez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 2, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA), Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Health Sciences Technological Park, Avda. del Conocimiento, S/N., 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Cristina Campoy
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. Investigación 11, 18016, Granada, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Centre, EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, University of Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs.GRANADA), San Cecilio University Hospital. Health Sciences Technological Park, 18016, Granada, Spain.
- Neurosciences Institute Dr. Federico Oloriz - University of Granada. Health Sciences Technological Park, Avda. del Conocimiento, S/N., 18016, Granada, Spain.
- Spanish Network of Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Granada's Node, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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Kendig MD, Hasebe K, Tajaddini A, Kaakoush NO, Westbrook RF, Morris MJ. The Benefits of Switching to a Healthy Diet on Metabolic, Cognitive, and Gut Microbiome Parameters Are Preserved in Adult Rat Offspring of Mothers Fed a High-Fat, High-Sugar Diet. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2200318. [PMID: 36271770 PMCID: PMC10909468 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Maternal obesity increases the risk of health complications in children, highlighting the need for effective interventions. A rat model of maternal obesity to examine whether a diet switch intervention could reverse the adverse effects of an unhealthy postweaning diet is used. METHODS AND RESULTS Male and female offspring born to dams fed standard chow or a high-fat, high-sugar "cafeteria" (Caf) diet are weaned onto chow or Caf diets until 22 weeks of age, when Caf-fed groups are switched to chow for 5 weeks. Adiposity, gut microbiota composition, and place recognition memory are assessed before and after the switch. Body weight and adiposity fall in switched groups but remain significantly higher than chow-fed controls. Nonetheless, the diet switch improves a deficit in place recognition memory observed in Caf-fed groups, increases gut microbiota species richness, and alters β diversity. Modeling indicate that adiposity most strongly predicts gut microbiota composition before and after the switch. CONCLUSION Maternal obesity does not alter the effects of switching diet on metabolic, microbial, or cognitive measures. Thus, a healthy diet intervention lead to major shifts in body weight, adiposity, place recognition memory, and gut microbiota composition, with beneficial effects preserved in offspring born to obese dams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D. Kendig
- Department of PharmacologySchool of Medical SciencesUNSW SydneyNSW2052Australia
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of Technology SydneyNSW2007Australia
| | - Kyoko Hasebe
- Department of PharmacologySchool of Medical SciencesUNSW SydneyNSW2052Australia
| | - Aynaz Tajaddini
- Department of PharmacologySchool of Medical SciencesUNSW SydneyNSW2052Australia
| | | | | | - Margaret J. Morris
- Department of PharmacologySchool of Medical SciencesUNSW SydneyNSW2052Australia
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de Oliveira Andrade F, Verma V, Hilakivi-Clarke L. Maternal obesity and resistance to breast cancer treatments among offspring: Link to gut dysbiosis. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2022; 5:e1752. [PMID: 36411524 PMCID: PMC9780430 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND About 50 000 new cases of cancer in the United States are attributed to obesity. The adverse effects of obesity on breast cancer may be most profound when affecting the early development; that is, in the womb of a pregnant obese mother. Maternal obesity has several long-lasting adverse health effects on the offspring, including increasing offspring's breast cancer risk and mortality. Gut microbiota is a player in obesity as well as may impact breast carcinogenesis. Gut microbiota is established early in life and the microbial composition of an infant's gut becomes permanently dysregulated because of maternal obesity. Metabolites from the microbiota, especially short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), play a critical role in mediating the effect of gut bacteria on multiple biological functions, such as immune system, including tumor immune responses. RECENT FINDINGS Maternal obesity can pre-program daughter's breast cancer to be more aggressive, less responsive to treatments and consequently more likely to cause breast cancer related death. Maternal obesity may also induce poor response to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICB) therapy through increased abundance of inflammation associated microbiome and decreased abundance of bacteria that are linked to production of SCFAs. Dietary interventions that increase the abundance of bacteria producing SCFAs potentially reverses offspring's resistance to breast cancer therapy. CONCLUSION Since immunotherapies have emerged as highly effective treatments for many cancers, albeit there is an urgent need to enlarge the patient population who will be responsive to these treatments. One of the factors which may cause ICB refractoriness could be maternal obesity, based on its effects on the microbiota markers of ICB therapy response among the offspring. Since about 40% of children are born to obese mothers in the Western societies, it is important to determine if maternal obesity impairs offspring's response to cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vivek Verma
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota, USA
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Hang L, Wang E, Feng Y, Zhou Y, Meng Y, Jiang F, Yuan J. Metagenomics and metabolomics analysis to investigate the effect of Shugan decoction on intestinal microbiota in irritable bowel syndrome rats. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1024822. [PMID: 36478867 PMCID: PMC9719954 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1024822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of Shugan Decoction (SGD) on intestinal motility and visceral hypersensitivity in Water avoid stress (WAS)-induced diarrhea predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) model rats has been confirmed. However, the mechanisms of its action involved in the treatment of IBS-D need to be further studied. Intestinal microbiota plays an important role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis and normal physiological function. Changes in the intestinal microbiota and its metabolites are thought to participate in the pathophysiological process of IBS. AIM This study aimed to analyze the influence of SGD on intestinal microbiota and fecal metabolites in IBS-D rats by multiple omics techniques, including metagenomic sequencing and metabolomics. METHODS We measured the intestinal motility and visceral sensitivity of three groups of rats by fecal pellets output and colorectal distension (CRD) experiment. In addition, metagenome sequencing analysis was performed to explore the changes in the number and types of intestinal microbiota in IBS-D model rats after SGD treatment. Finally, we also used untargeted metabolomic sequencing to screen the metabolites and metabolic pathways closely related to the therapeutic effect of SGD. RESULTS We found that compared with the rats in the control group, the fecal pellets output of the rats in the WAS group increased and the visceral sensitivity threshold was decreased (P < 0.05). Compared with the rats in the WAS group, the fecal pellets output of the SGD group was significantly decreased, and the visceral sensitivity threshold increased (P < 0.05). Besides, compared with the rats in the WAS group, the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes increased in SGD group, while that of Firmicutes decreased at the phylum level, and at the species level, the relative abundance of Bacteroides sp. CAG:714, Lactobacillus reuteri and Bacteroides Barnesiae in SGD group increased, but that of bacterium D42-87 decreased. In addition, compared with the WAS group, several metabolic pathways were significantly changed in SGD group, including Taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, Purine metabolism, Sulfur metabolism, ABC transporters, Arginine and proline metabolism and Bile secretion. CONCLUSION SGD can regulate specific intestinal microbiota and some metabolic pathways, which may explain its effect of alleviating visceral hypersensitivity and abnormal intestinal motility in WAS-induced IBS-D rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jianye Yuan
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Huang C, Wu D, Zhang K, Khan FA, Pandupuspitasari NS, Wang Y, Huo L, Sun F. Perfluorooctanoic acid alters the developmental trajectory of female germ cells and embryos in rodents and its potential mechanism. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 236:113467. [PMID: 35390687 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The epidemiological studies regarding perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) suggests that its exposure causes reproductive health issues, the underlying mechanisms of which are still in its infancy. Here, we report that PFOA deteriorates female reproduction at multiple development stages. Oocyte meiosis and preimplantation development are severely impaired by PFOA with oxidative stress being a contributor. Supplementing with antioxidant melatonin partially rescues oocyte meiotic maturation and non-apoptotic demise. The attenuation in ovarian follicle development however can be improved by metformin but not melatonin. Importantly, metformin blunts PFOA-induced fetal growth retardation (FGR) and such protective effect could be recapitulated by transplantation of fecal material and pharmacological activation of AMPK. Mechanistically, PFOA causes gut microbiota dysbiosis, which might thereby rewire host metabolism of L-phenylalanine, histamine and L-palmitoylcarnitine that triggers hyperphenylalaninaemia, inflammation and ferroptosis to initiate FGR. Deregulated serine metabolism by the gut microbe constitutes an alternative mechanism underlying PFOA-induced FGR in that modulation of serine in dam's diet phenocopied the FGR. Our study expands the understanding of risk factors that impair human reproductive health, and proposes restoration of gut microbiota diversity and intervention of metabolism as therapeutics mitigating health risks predisposed by environmental perturbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjie Huang
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
| | - Di Wu
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Kejia Zhang
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Faheem Ahmed Khan
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54782, Pakistan; Department of Transfusion Medicine and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | | | - Yongsheng Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lijun Huo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Fei Sun
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
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Vitacolonna E, Masulli M, Palmisano L, Stuppia L, Franzago M. Inositols, Probiotics, and Gestational Diabetes: Clinical and Epigenetic Aspects. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14081543. [PMID: 35458105 PMCID: PMC9028601 DOI: 10.3390/nu14081543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing interest in the potential role of different stereoisomers of inositol or their combination as well as probiotics supplementation in healthy glucose metabolism during pregnancy and in promoting offspring health. The aim of this review is to clarify the effects of several inositol and probiotics-based supplements in the prevention and treatment of gestational diabetes (GDM). Moreover, we will discuss the epigenetic aspects and their short- and long-term effects in response to probiotic intervention as well as the possible implications of these findings in guiding appropriate supplementation regimens in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Vitacolonna
- Department of Medicine and Aging, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University, Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University, Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Maria Masulli
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.M.); (L.P.)
| | - Luisa Palmisano
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.M.); (L.P.)
| | - Liborio Stuppia
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University, Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University, Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Marica Franzago
- Department of Medicine and Aging, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University, Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University, Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
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Role of Dietary Factors, Food Habits, and Lifestyle in Childhood Obesity Development: A Position Paper From the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Committee on Nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2021; 72:769-783. [PMID: 33720094 PMCID: PMC9770153 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000003075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Childhood obesity has high societal and economic impact but current treatment approaches are sub-optimal. In the last decade, important studies have been conducted aiming to identify strategies to prevent obesity during critical periods of life. Updated recommendations for childhood obesity prevention are needed. We present data from systematic reviews and meta- analysis, randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and large observational studies, published from 2011 onwards that consider the possible role of the following factors in obesity development: breast-feeding; macronutrient composition and method of complementary feeding; parenting style; dietary patterns; sugar-sweetened beverage consumption; eating behaviour (eg, skipping breakfast, family dinners. etc); meal frequency and composition (fast foods, snacking), portion size; dietary modulators of gut microbiota (including pre-, pro-, and synbiotics); physical activity and sedentary behaviour. We used the Medline database and the Cochrane Library to search for relevant publications. Important research gaps were also identified. This position paper provides recommendations on dietary factors, food habits, and lifestyle to prevent childhood obesity development, based on the available literature and expert opinion. Clinical research and high-quality trials are urgently needed to resolve numerous areas of uncertainty.
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Raspini B, Vacca M, Porri D, De Giuseppe R, Calabrese FM, Chieppa M, Liso M, Cerbo RM, Civardi E, Garofoli F, De Angelis M, Cena H. Early Life Microbiota Colonization at Six Months of Age: A Transitional Time Point. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:590202. [PMID: 33842380 PMCID: PMC8032992 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.590202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early life gut microbiota is involved in several biological processes, particularly metabolism, immunity, and cognitive neurodevelopment. Perturbation in the infant’s gut microbiota increases the risk for diseases in early and later life, highlighting the importance of understanding the connections between perinatal factors with early life microbial composition. The present research paper is aimed at exploring the prenatal and postnatal factors influencing the infant gut microbiota composition at six months of age. Methods Gut microbiota of infants enrolled in the longitudinal, prospective, observational study “A.MA.MI” (Alimentazione MAmma e bambino nei primi MIlle giorni) was analyzed. We collected and analyzed 61 fecal samples at baseline (meconium, T0); at six months of age (T2), we collected and analyzed 53 fecal samples. Samples were grouped based on maternal and gestational weight factors, type of delivery, type of feeding, time of weaning, and presence/absence of older siblings. Alpha and beta diversities were evaluated to describe microbiota composition. Multivariate analyses were performed to understand the impact of the aforementioned factors on the infant’s microbiota composition at six months of age. Results Different clustering hypotheses have been tested to evaluate the impact of known metadata factors on the infant microbiota. Neither maternal body mass index nor gestational weight gain was able to determine significant differences in infant microbiota composition six months of age. Concerning the type of feeding, we observed a low alpha diversity in exclusive breastfed infants; conversely, non-exclusively breastfed infants reported an overgrowth of Ruminococcaceae and Flavonifractor. Furthermore, we did not find any statistically significant difference resulting from an early introduction of solid foods (before 4 months of age). Lastly, our sample showed a higher abundance of clostridial patterns in firstborn babies when compared to infants with older siblings in the family. Conclusion Our findings showed that, at this stage of life, there is not a single factor able to affect in a distinct way the infants’ gut microbiota development. Rather, there seems to be a complex multifactorial interaction between maternal and neonatal factors determining a unique microbial niche in the gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Raspini
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition Laboratory, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mirco Vacca
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Debora Porri
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition Laboratory, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Rachele De Giuseppe
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition Laboratory, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Marcello Chieppa
- National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. de Bellis", Institute of Research, Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Marina Liso
- National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. de Bellis", Institute of Research, Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Cerbo
- Neonatal Unit and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elisa Civardi
- Neonatal Unit and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesca Garofoli
- Neonatal Unit and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria De Angelis
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Hellas Cena
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition Laboratory, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Service, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, ICS Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
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11
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Sindi AS, Geddes DT, Wlodek ME, Muhlhausler BS, Payne MS, Stinson LF. Can we modulate the breastfed infant gut microbiota through maternal diet? FEMS Microbiol Rev 2021; 45:6133472. [PMID: 33571360 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuab011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Initial colonisation of the infant gut is robustly influenced by regular ingestion of human milk, a substance that contains microbes, microbial metabolites, immune proteins, and oligosaccharides. Numerous factors have been identified as potential determinants of the human milk and infant gut microbiota, including maternal diet; however, there is limited data on the influence of maternal diet during lactation on either of these. Here, we review the processes thought to contribute to human milk and infant gut bacterial colonisation and provide a basis for considering the role of maternal dietary patterns during lactation in shaping infant gut microbial composition and function. Although only one observational study has directly investigated the influence of maternal diet during lactation on the infant gut microbiome, data from animal studies suggests that modulation of the maternal gut microbiota, via diet or probiotics, may influence the mammary or milk microbiota. Additionally, evidence from human studies suggests that the maternal diet during pregnancy may affect the gut microbiota of the breastfed infant. Together, there is a plausible hypothesis that maternal diet during lactation may influence the infant gut microbiota. If substantiated in further studies, this may present a potential window of opportunity for modulating the infant gut microbiome in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azhar S Sindi
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,College of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Donna T Geddes
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Mary E Wlodek
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Beverly S Muhlhausler
- CSIRO, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Matthew S Payne
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Lisa F Stinson
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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12
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Gutiérrez-Repiso C, Molina-Vega M, Bernal-López MR, Garrido-Sánchez L, García-Almeida JM, Sajoux I, Moreno-Indias I, Tinahones FJ. Different Weight Loss Intervention Approaches Reveal a Lack of a Common Pattern of Gut Microbiota Changes. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11020109. [PMID: 33567649 PMCID: PMC7915884 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11020109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Options for treatment of obesity include dietary approaches and bariatric surgery. Previous studies have shown that weight loss interventions have an impact on gut microbiota. However, a pattern of gut microbiota changes associated with weight loss independently of the type of intervention has not been described yet. This study includes 61 individuals who followed different weight loss strategies in three different trials: 21 followed a hypocaloric Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), 18 followed a very-low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) and 22 patients underwent sleeve gastrectomy bariatric surgery (BS). Gut microbiota profile was assessed by next-generation sequencing. A common taxon that had significantly changed within the three weight loss interventions could not be find. At the family level, Clostiridiaceae significantly increased its abundance with MedDiet and VLCKD, whilst Porphyromonadacean and Rikenellaceae significantly increased with VLCKD and BS. At genus level, in VLCKD and BS, Parabacteroides and Alistipes significantly increased their abundance whilst Lactobacillus decreased. At the species level, BS and VLCKD produced an increase in Parabacteroidesdistasonis and a decrease in Eubactieriumventriosum and Lactobacillusrogosae, whilst Orodibactersplanchnicus increased its abundance after the BS and MedDiet. Predicted metagenome analysis suggested that most of the changes after VLCKD were focused on pathways related to biosynthesis and degradation/utilization/assimilation, while BS seems to decrease most of the biosynthesis pathways. MedDiet was enriched in several pathways related to fermentation to short-chain fatty acids. Our results show that weight loss is not associated with a specific pattern of gut microbiota changes independently of the strategy used. Indeed, gut microbiota changes according to type of weight loss intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Gutiérrez-Repiso
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición del Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain; (C.G.-R.); (M.M.-V.); (L.G.-S.); (J.M.G.-A.); (F.J.T.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - María Molina-Vega
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición del Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain; (C.G.-R.); (M.M.-V.); (L.G.-S.); (J.M.G.-A.); (F.J.T.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - M. Rosa Bernal-López
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Departamento de Medicina Interna del Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29009 Málaga, Spain
| | - Lourdes Garrido-Sánchez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición del Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain; (C.G.-R.); (M.M.-V.); (L.G.-S.); (J.M.G.-A.); (F.J.T.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - José M. García-Almeida
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición del Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain; (C.G.-R.); (M.M.-V.); (L.G.-S.); (J.M.G.-A.); (F.J.T.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Ignacio Sajoux
- Pronokal Group, Medical Department Pronokal, 08009 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Isabel Moreno-Indias
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición del Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain; (C.G.-R.); (M.M.-V.); (L.G.-S.); (J.M.G.-A.); (F.J.T.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-95-103-2647 (ext. 48); Fax: +34-95-1924651
| | - Francisco J. Tinahones
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición del Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain; (C.G.-R.); (M.M.-V.); (L.G.-S.); (J.M.G.-A.); (F.J.T.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Departamento de Medicina y Dermatología, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
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13
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Effect of host breeds on gut microbiome and serum metabolome in meat rabbits. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:24. [PMID: 33413361 PMCID: PMC7791989 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02732-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut microbial compositional and functional variation can affect health and production performance of farm animals. Analysing metabolites in biological samples provides information on the basic mechanisms that affect the well-being and production traits in farm animals. However, the extent to which host breeds affect the gut microbiome and serum metabolome in meat rabbits is still unknown. In this study, the differences in phylogenetic composition and functional capacities of gut microbiota in two commercial rabbit breeds Elco and Ira were determined by 16S rRNA gene and metagenomic sequencing. The alternations in serum metabolome in the two rabbit breeds were detected using ultra-performance liquid chromatography system coupled with quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOFMS). RESULTS Sequencing results revealed that there were significant differences in the gut microbiota of the two breeds studied, suggesting that host breeds affect structure and diversity of gut microbiota. Numerous breed-associated microorganisms were identified at different taxonomic levels and most microbial taxa belonged to the families Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae. In particular, several short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) producing species including Coprococcus comes, Ruminococcus faecis, Ruminococcus callidus, and Lachnospiraceae bacterium NK4A136 could be considered as biomarkers for improving the health and production performance in meat rabbits. Additionally, gut microbial functional capacities related to bacterial chemotaxis, ABC transporters, and metabolism of different carbohydrates, amino acids, and lipids varied greatly between rabbit breeds. Several fatty acids, amino acids, and organic acids in the serum were identified as breed-associated, where certain metabolites could be regarded as biomarkers correlated with the well-being and production traits of meat rabbits. Correlation analysis between breed-associated microbial species and serum metabolites revealed significant co-variations, indicating the existence of cross-talk among host-gut microbiome-serum metabolome. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides insight into how gut microbiome and serum metabolome of meat rabbits are affected by host breeds and uncovers potential biomarkers important for breed improvement of meat rabbits.
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14
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Faucher MA, Greathouse KL, Hastings-Tolsma M, Padgett RN, Sakovich K, Choudhury A, Sheikh A, Ajami NJ, Petrosino JF. Exploration of the Vaginal and Gut Microbiome in African American Women by Body Mass Index, Class of Obesity, and Gestational Weight Gain: A Pilot Study. Am J Perinatol 2020; 37:1160-1172. [PMID: 31242511 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1692715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study determines the differences in the distal gut and vaginal microbiome in African American (AA) women by prepregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain (GWG) comparing women with and without obesity and by obesity class. STUDY DESIGN We prospectively sampled the vaginal and distal gut microbiome in pregnant AA women at two time points during pregnancy. Samples were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing of the V4 region of the 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene. RESULTS Distinct differences in vaginal and distal gut α-diversity were observed at time point 1 between women with and without obesity by total GWG. Significant differences in distal gut β-diversity were also found at time point 1 in obese women by GWG. Within the Bacteroides genus, a significant association was observed by total GWG among obese women which was absent in nonobese women. Women with class III obesity who experienced low GWG had the lowest abundance of distal gut Bacteroides and appreciably higher relative abundance of a consortia of vaginal taxa including Atopobium, Gardnerella, Prevotella, and Sneathia. CONCLUSION These results contribute new evidence showing that GWG in combination with obesity and obesity class is associated with an altered distal gut and vaginal composition early in pregnancy among AA women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Ann Faucher
- Louise Herrington School of Nursing, Midwifery Specialty, Baylor University, Dallas, Texas
| | | | - Marie Hastings-Tolsma
- Louise Herrington School of Nursing, Midwifery Specialty, Baylor University, Dallas, Texas
| | | | - Kimberly Sakovich
- Women's Health Care, MacArthur Obstetrics and Gynecology, Irving, Texas
| | | | - Aadil Sheikh
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, Texas
| | - Nadim J Ajami
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Joseph F Petrosino
- The Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas
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15
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Scarmozzino F, Poli A, Visioli F. Microbiota and cardiovascular disease risk: A scoping review. Pharmacol Res 2020; 159:104952. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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16
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Altered Gut Microbiota and Shift in Bacteroidetes between Young Obese and Normal-Weight Korean Children: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:6587136. [PMID: 32908903 PMCID: PMC7450312 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6587136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Emerging data suggest that the gut microbiome is related to the pathophysiology of obesity. This study is aimed at characterizing the gut microbiota composition between obese and normal-weight Korean children aged 5-13. We collected fecal samples from 22 obese and 24 normal-weight children and performed 16S rRNA gene sequencing using the Illumina MiSeq platform. The relative abundance of the phylum Bacteroidetes was lower in the obese group than in the normal-weight group and showed a significant negative correlation with BMI z-score. Linear discriminative analysis (LDA) coupled with effect size measurement (LEfSe) analysis also revealed that the Bacteroidetes population drove the divergence between the groups. There was no difference in alpha diversity, but beta diversity was significantly different between the normal-weight and obese groups. The gut microbial community was linked to BMI z-score; blood biomarkers associated with inflammation and metabolic syndrome; and dietary intakes of niacin, sodium, vitamin B6, and fat. The gut microbiota of the obese group showed more clustering of genera than that of the normal-weight group. Phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states (PICRUSt) analysis revealed that the functions related to carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in the microbiota were more enriched in the normal-weight group than in the obese group. Our data may contribute to the understanding of the gut microbial structure of young Korean children in relation to obesity. These findings suggest that Bacteroidetes may be a potential therapeutic target in pediatric obesity.
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17
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Burge K, Bergner E, Gunasekaran A, Eckert J, Chaaban H. The Role of Glycosaminoglycans in Protection from Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020546. [PMID: 32093194 PMCID: PMC7071410 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis, a potentially fatal intestinal inflammatory disorder affecting primarily premature infants, is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in neonates. While the etiology of the disease is, as yet, unknown, a number of risk factors for the development of necrotizing enterocolitis have been identified. One such risk factor, formula feeding, has been shown to contribute to both increased incidence and severity of the disease. The protective influences afforded by breastfeeding are likely attributable to the unique composition of human milk, an extremely potent, biologically active fluid. This review brings together knowledge on the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis and current thinking on the instrumental role of one of the more prominent classes of bioactive components in human breast milk, glycosaminoglycans.
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MESH Headings
- Breast Feeding
- Enterocolitis, Necrotizing/etiology
- Enterocolitis, Necrotizing/pathology
- Enterocolitis, Necrotizing/prevention & control
- Female
- Glycosaminoglycans/pharmacology
- Humans
- Infant Formula/adverse effects
- Infant, Newborn
- Infant, Premature, Diseases/etiology
- Infant, Premature, Diseases/pathology
- Infant, Premature, Diseases/prevention & control
- Male
- Milk, Human/chemistry
- Protective Agents/pharmacology
- Risk Factors
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18
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Dunton M, Inglett S, Marin T. Influences of Maternal Prepregnancy Obesity and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus on the Infant Gut Microbiome in Full-Term Infants. J Perinat Neonatal Nurs 2020; 34:251-256. [PMID: 32697545 DOI: 10.1097/jpn.0000000000000504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This review examines the current evidence of how prepregnancy obesity (PPO) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) influence the newborn gut microbiome. Scientific gaps in the literature are described to guide future research in this area. The prevalence of PPO and GDM increased to 64% in the United States over the past decade. Prepregnancy obesity and GDM influence newborn gut microbiome and contribute to adverse short- and long-term outcomes in full-term infants. This review aims to discuss current research findings related to the associations between PPO and GDM, separately, and together, on infant gut microbiome outcomes, provide an overview of short-term and long-term outcomes, describe clinical relevance, and identify avenues for future scientific inquiry. This review found that PPO and GDM influence infant gut microbiomes. Infants born to women with PPO and GDM were found to have lower levels of diversity in gut microbiota than infants born to normal prepregnancy weight women and those born to women without GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montana Dunton
- Departments of Biobehavioral Nursing (Ms Dunton and Dr Inglett) and Physiological and Technological Nursing (Dr Marin), Augusta University College of Nursing, Augusta, Georgia
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19
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Calatayud M, Koren O, Collado MC. Maternal Microbiome and Metabolic Health Program Microbiome Development and Health of the Offspring. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2019; 30:735-744. [PMID: 31493988 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2019.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Maternal nutritional, metabolic, and physiological states, as well as exposure to various environmental factors during conception, gestation, and lactation, have a fundamental role in the health programming of the offspring. Therefore, alterations affecting the maternal microbiota might indirectly influence fetal development. In addition, such alterations could be transmitted to the progeny at different stages of infant development (e.g., preconception, prenatal, or postnatal), thereby favoring the development of an altered microbiota in the neonate. Microbial changes of this kind have been linked to an increased risk of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including obesity and metabolic syndrome, allergy-related problems, and diabetes. In this review, we summarize the relevance of the maternal microbiota to fetal-neonatal health programming, with a focus on maternal nutritional and metabolic states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Calatayud
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), National Research Council, Valencia, Spain; Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Omry Koren
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Maria Carmen Collado
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), National Research Council, Valencia, Spain.
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20
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Cerdó T, Diéguez E, Campoy C. Early nutrition and gut microbiome: interrelationship between bacterial metabolism, immune system, brain structure, and neurodevelopment. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 317:E617-E630. [PMID: 31361544 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00188.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Disturbances of diet during pregnancy and early postnatal life may impact colonization of gut microbiota during early life, which could influence infant health, leading to potential long-lasting consequences later in life. This is a nonsystematic review that explores the recent scientific literature to provide a general perspective of this broad topic. Several studies have shown that gut microbiota composition is related to changes in metabolism, energy balance, and immune system disturbances through interaction between microbiota metabolites and host receptors by the gut-brain axis. Moreover, recent clinical studies suggest that an intestinal dysbiosis in gut microbiota may result in cognitive disorders and behavioral problems. Furthermore, recent research in the field of brain imaging focused on the study of the relationship between gut microbial ecology and large-scale brain networks, which will help to decipher the influence of the microbiome on brain function and potentially will serve to identify multiple mediators of the gut-brain axis. Thus, knowledge about optimal nutrition by modulating gut microbiota-brain axis activity will allow a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the crosstalk between gut microbiota and the developing brain during critical windows. In addition, this knowledge will open new avenues for developing novel microbiota-modulating based diet interventions during pregnancy and early life to prevent metabolic disorders, as well as neurodevelopmental deficits and brain functional disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Cerdó
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- BioHealth Research Institute (Ibs-Granada), Health Sciences Technological Park, Granada, Spain
- Neurosciences Institute, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Estefanía Diéguez
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Cristina Campoy
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- BioHealth Research Institute (Ibs-Granada), Health Sciences Technological Park, Granada, Spain
- Neurosciences Institute, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Spanish Network of Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Granada's node, Carlos III Health Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Brain, Behavior and Health Excellence Research Unit (SC2). University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Jin J, Zhang L, Jia J, Chen Q, Yuan Z, Zhang X, Sun W, Ma C, Xu F, Zhan S, Ma L, Zhou G. Effects of Maternal Low-Protein Diet on Microbiota Structure and Function in the Jejunum of Huzhu Bamei Suckling Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9100713. [PMID: 31547553 PMCID: PMC6826398 DOI: 10.3390/ani9100713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The jejunum is the primary organ for digestion and nutrient absorption in mammals. The development of the jejunum in suckling piglets directly affects their growth performance post-weaning. The jejunum microbiome plays an important role in proliferation, metabolism, apoptosis, immune, and homeostasis of the epithelial cells within the organ. The composition and diversity of the gut microbiome is susceptible to the protein composition of the diet. Therefore, the effects of maternal low-protein diets on piglets' intestinal microbial structure and function have become a hot topic of study. Herein, a maternal low-protein diet was formulated to explore the effects on jejunum microbiome composition and metabolic profiles in Bamei suckling piglets. Using 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) sequencing in conjunction with bioinformatics analysis, 21 phyla and 297 genera were identified within the gut microflora. The top 10 phyla and 10 genera are within the gut bacteria. Next, KEGG analysis showed that the low-protein diet significantly increased the gut microbial composition, transport and catabolism, immune system, global and overview maps, amino acid metabolism, metabolism of cofactors and vitamins, endocrine system, biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites, signal transduction, environmental adaptation, and cell motility. Taken together, low-protein diets do not appear to affect the reproductive performance of Bamei sows but improved the gut microbiome of the suckling piglets as well as reduced the probability of diarrhea. The data presented here provide new insights on the dietary protein requirements to support the Huzhu Bamei pig industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jipeng Jin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China (X.Z.); (W.S.)
| | - Liping Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China (X.Z.); (W.S.)
- Correspondence: (L.Z.); (J.J.); Tel.: +86-15002638216 (L.Z.); +86-18797328237 (J.J.)
| | - Jianlei Jia
- Key of Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (Q.C.); (Z.Y.)
- Correspondence: (L.Z.); (J.J.); Tel.: +86-15002638216 (L.Z.); +86-18797328237 (J.J.)
| | - Qian Chen
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (Q.C.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Zan Yuan
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (Q.C.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China (X.Z.); (W.S.)
| | - Weibo Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China (X.Z.); (W.S.)
| | - Cunming Ma
- Qinghai Province Huzhu County Bamei Pig Seed Breeding Farm, Huzhu, Qinghai 810500, China (S.Z.); (L.M.); (G.Z.)
| | - Fafang Xu
- Qinghai Province Huzhu County Bamei Pig Seed Breeding Farm, Huzhu, Qinghai 810500, China (S.Z.); (L.M.); (G.Z.)
| | - Shoujun Zhan
- Qinghai Province Huzhu County Bamei Pig Seed Breeding Farm, Huzhu, Qinghai 810500, China (S.Z.); (L.M.); (G.Z.)
| | - Limin Ma
- Qinghai Province Huzhu County Bamei Pig Seed Breeding Farm, Huzhu, Qinghai 810500, China (S.Z.); (L.M.); (G.Z.)
| | - Guihua Zhou
- Qinghai Province Huzhu County Bamei Pig Seed Breeding Farm, Huzhu, Qinghai 810500, China (S.Z.); (L.M.); (G.Z.)
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22
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Ruiz L, Bacigalupe R, García-Carral C, Boix-Amoros A, Argüello H, Silva CB, de Los Angeles Checa M, Mira A, Rodríguez JM. Microbiota of human precolostrum and its potential role as a source of bacteria to the infant mouth. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8435. [PMID: 31182726 PMCID: PMC6557856 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42514-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human milk represents a source of bacteria for the initial establishment of the oral (and gut) microbiomes in the breastfed infant, however, the origin of bacteria in human milk remains largely unknown. While some evidence points towards a possible endogenous enteromammary route, other authors have suggested that bacteria in human milk are contaminants from the skin or the breastfed infant mouth. In this work 16S rRNA sequencing and bacterial culturing and isolation was performed to analyze the microbiota on maternal precolostrum samples, collected from pregnant women before delivery, and on oral samples collected from the corresponding infants. The structure of both ecosystems demonstrated a high proportion of taxa consistently shared among ecosystems, Streptococcus spp. and Staphylococcus spp. being the most abundant. Whole genome sequencing on those isolates that, belonging to the same species, were isolated from both the maternal and infant samples in the same mother-infant pair, evidenced that in 8 out of 10 pairs both isolates were >99.9% identical at nucleotide level. The presence of typical oral bacteria in precolostrum before contact with the newborn indicates that they are not a contamination from the infant, and suggests that at least some oral bacteria reach the infant's mouth through breastfeeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Ruiz
- IPLA-CSIC, Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Institute of Dairy Products of Asturias, Villaviciosa, Spain. .,Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro, s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rodrigo Bacigalupe
- Centro Superior de Investigación en Salud Pública, Fundación FISABIO, Valencia, Spain
| | - Cristina García-Carral
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro, s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,Probisearch S.L., C/Santiago Grisolía, 2, 28760, Tres Cantos, Spain
| | - Alba Boix-Amoros
- Centro Superior de Investigación en Salud Pública, Fundación FISABIO, Valencia, Spain
| | - Héctor Argüello
- Grupo de Genómica y Mejora Animal, Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Camilla Beatriz Silva
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro, s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,Universidade de Uberaba, Uberaba, Brazil
| | | | - Alex Mira
- Centro Superior de Investigación en Salud Pública, Fundación FISABIO, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Juan M Rodríguez
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro, s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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23
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Erliana UD, Fly AD. The Function and Alteration of Immunological Properties in Human Milk of Obese Mothers. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061284. [PMID: 31174304 PMCID: PMC6627488 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal obesity is associated with metabolic changes in mothers and higher risk of obesity in the offspring. Obesity in breastfeeding mothers appears to influence human milk production as well as the quality of human milk. Maternal obesity is associated with alteration of immunological factors concentrations in the human milk, such as C-reactive protein (CRP), leptin, IL-6, insulin, TNF-Alpha, ghrelin, adiponectin, and obestatin. Human milk is considered a first choice for infant nutrition due to the complete profile of macro nutrients, micro nutrients, and immunological properties. It is essential to understand how maternal obesity influences immunological properties of human milk because alterations could impact the nutrition status and health of the infant. This review summarizes the literature regarding the impact of maternal obesity on the concentration of particular immunological properties in the human milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ummu D Erliana
- Indiana University Bloomington School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
| | - Alyce D Fly
- Indiana University Bloomington School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
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24
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Gu Y, Liu C, Zheng N, Jia W, Zhang W, Li H. Metabolic and Gut Microbial Characterization of Obesity-Prone Mice under a High-Fat Diet. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:1703-1714. [PMID: 30793608 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is characterized with high heterogeneity due to genetic abnormality, energy imbalance, gut dysbiosis, or a combination of all three. Obesity-prone (OP) and -resistant (OR) phenotypes are frequently observed in rodents, even in those given a high-fat diet (HFD). However, the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed with chow or a HFD for 8 weeks. OP and OR mice were defined based on body weight gain, and integrated serum metabolic and gut microbial profiling was performed by the gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy-based metabolomic sequencing and pyrosequencing of 16S rDNA of cecum contents. A total of 60 differential metabolites were identified in comparisons among Con, OP, and OR groups, in which 27 were OP-related. These differential metabolites are mainly involved in glycolysis, lipids, and amino acids metabolism and the TCA cycle. Meanwhile, OP mice had a distinct profile in gut microbiota compared to those of OR or Con mice, which showed a reduced ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes and increased Proteobacteria. Moreover, the gut microbial alteration of OP mice was correlated with the changes of the key serum metabolites. OP-enriched Parasutterella from the Proteobacteria phylum correlated to most of metabolites, suggesting that it was essential in obesity. OP mice are distinct in metabolic and gut microbial profiles, and OP-related metabolites and bacteria are of significance for understanding obesity development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research , Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Can Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Bengbu Medical College , Anhui Province 233030 , China
| | - Ningning Zheng
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research , Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Wei Jia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine , Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital , Shanghai 200233 , China.,University of Hawaii Cancer Center , Honolulu , Hawaii 96813 , United States
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research , Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai 201203 , China.,Department of Phytochemistry, College of Pharmacy , Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200433 , China
| | - Houkai Li
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research , Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai 201203 , China
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25
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We review how an altered microbiome in early life impacts on immune, metabolic, and neurological development, focusing on some of the most widespread diseases related to each of these processes, namely atopic disease, obesity, and autism. RECENT FINDINGS The early development of the microbial communities that inhabit the human body is currently challenged by factors that range from reduced exposure to microbes, antibiotic use, and poor dietary choices to widespread environmental pollution. Recent work has highlighted some of the long-term consequences that early alterations in the establishment of these microbiotas can have for different aspects of human development and health. The long-term consequences of early microbiome alterations for human development and health are only beginning to be understood and will require in-depth investigation in the years to come. A solid understanding of how present day environmental conditions alter microbiome development, and of how an altered microbiome in early life impacts on life-long health, should inform both public health policies and the development of dietary and medical strategies to counteract early microbiota imbalances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Vallès
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill campus, Cave Hill, Barbados
| | - M Pilar Francino
- Unitat Mixta d'Investigació en Genòmica i Salut, Fundació per al Foment de la Investigació Sanitària i Biomèdica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO-Salut Pública)/Institut de Biologia Integrativa de Sistemes (Universitat de València), Avda. Catalunya 21, 46020, València, Spain.
- CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
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26
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Stiemsma LT, Michels KB. The Role of the Microbiome in the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease. Pediatrics 2018; 141:e20172437. [PMID: 29519955 PMCID: PMC5869344 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2017-2437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the prominent role of the microbiome in human health has been established, the early-life microbiome is now being recognized as a major influence on long-term human health and development. Variations in the composition and functional potential of the early-life microbiome are the result of lifestyle factors, such as mode of birth, breastfeeding, diet, and antibiotic usage. In addition, variations in the composition of the early-life microbiome have been associated with specific disease outcomes, such as asthma, obesity, and neurodevelopmental disorders. This points toward this bacterial consortium as a mediator between early lifestyle factors and health and disease. In addition, variations in the microbial intrauterine environment may predispose neonates to specific health outcomes later in life. A role of the microbiome in the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease is supported in this collective research. Highlighting the early-life critical window of susceptibility associated with microbiome development, we discuss infant microbial colonization, beginning with the maternal-to-fetal exchange of microbes in utero and up through the influence of breastfeeding in the first year of life. In addition, we review the available disease-specific evidence pointing toward the microbiome as a mechanistic mediator in the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah T Stiemsma
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Karin B Michels
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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27
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Cerdó T, Ruíz A, Suárez A, Campoy C. Probiotic, Prebiotic, and Brain Development. Nutrients 2017; 9:E1247. [PMID: 29135961 PMCID: PMC5707719 DOI: 10.3390/nu9111247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, a number of studies have demonstrated the existence of a link between the emotional and cognitive centres of the brain and peripheral functions through the bi-directional interaction between the central nervous system and the enteric nervous system. Therefore, the use of bacteria as therapeutics has attracted much interest. Recent research has found that there are a variety of mechanisms by which bacteria can signal to the brain and influence several processes in relation to neurotransmission, neurogenesis, and behaviour. Data derived from both in vitro experiments and in vivo clinical trials have supported some of these new health implications. While recent molecular advancement has provided strong indications to support and justify the role of the gut microbiota on the gut-brain axis, it is still not clear whether manipulations through probiotics and prebiotics administration could be beneficial in the treatment of neurological problems. The understanding of the gut microbiota and its activities is essential for the generation of future personalized healthcare strategies. Here, we explore and summarize the potential beneficial effects of probiotics and prebiotics in the neurodevelopmental process and in the prevention and treatment of certain neurological human diseases, highlighting current and future perspectives in this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Cerdó
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - Alicia Ruíz
- EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 2, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - Antonio Suárez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 2, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - Cristina Campoy
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Spanish Network of Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Carlos III Institute, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Av. de la Investigación, 11, 18016 Granada, Spain.
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28
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Nash MJ, Frank DN, Friedman JE. Early Microbes Modify Immune System Development and Metabolic Homeostasis-The "Restaurant" Hypothesis Revisited. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:349. [PMID: 29326657 PMCID: PMC5733336 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The developing infant gut microbiome affects metabolism, maturation of the gastrointestinal tract, immune system function, and brain development. Initial seeding of the neonatal microbiota occurs through maternal and environmental contact. Maternal diet, antibiotic use, and cesarean section alter the offspring microbiota composition, at least temporarily. Nutrients are thought to regulate initial perinatal microbial colonization, a paradigm known as the "Restaurant" hypothesis. This hypothesis proposes that early nutritional stresses alter both the initial colonizing bacteria and the development of signaling pathways controlled by microbial mediators. These stresses fine-tune the immune system and metabolic homeostasis in early life, potentially setting the stage for long-term metabolic and immune health. Dysbiosis, an imbalance or a maladaptation in the microbiota, can be caused by several factors including dietary alterations and antibiotics. Dysbiosis can alter biological processes in the gut and in tissues and organs throughout the body. Misregulated development and activity of both the innate and adaptive immune systems, driven by early dysbiosis, could have long-lasting pathologic consequences such as increased autoimmunity, increased adiposity, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This review will focus on factors during pregnancy and the neonatal period that impact a neonate's gut microbiome, as well as the mechanisms and possible links from early infancy that can drive increased risk for diseases including obesity and NAFLD. The complex pathways that connect diet, the microbiota, immune system development, and metabolism, particularly in early life, present exciting new frontiers for biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Nash
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Daniel N. Frank
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Jacob E. Friedman
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- *Correspondence: Jacob E. Friedman,
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