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Řezáčová V, Michalová T, Řezáč M, Gryndler M, Duell EB, Wilson GWT, Heneberg P. The root-associated arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal assemblages of exotic alien plants are simplified in invaded distribution ranges, but dominant species are retained: A trans-continental perspective. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2022; 14:732-741. [PMID: 35924424 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.13108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) provide crucial support for the establishment of plants in novel environments. We hypothesized that the OTU/genus richness and diversity of soil- and root-associated AMF associated with alien plant species in their exotic ranges are lower than those in their native ranges. We examined the root-associated and soil-dwelling AMF of 11 invasive plant species in their native and exotic ranges in the United States and Europe by DNA sequencing of the ITS2 locus. Examined root-associated AMF assemblages were simplified, which manifested as the loss of several AMF genera in the exotic ranges of the plants. These fungal assemblages were also characterized by greater dominance and simplification of the fungal assemblages. The dominant fungal genera were present regardless of whether their host plants were in their native or exotic ranges. Interestingly, both the native and invaded soils hosted diverse local AMF assemblages. Therefore, alien plant invasions were not limited to soils with low AMF diversity. Some AMF taxa could be context-dependent passengers rather than drivers of alien plant invasions. Further studies should identify functions of AMF missing or less abundant in roots of plants growing in exotic ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Řezáčová
- Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Michalová
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Řezáč
- Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Gryndler
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, J. E. Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Eric B Duell
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
- Kansas Biological Survey and Center for Ecological Research, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Gail W T Wilson
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Petr Heneberg
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Qi S, Wang J, Wan L, Dai Z, da Silva Matos DM, Du D, Egan S, Bonser SP, Thomas T, Moles AT. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Contribute to Phosphorous Uptake and Allocation Strategies of Solidago canadensis in a Phosphorous-Deficient Environment. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:831654. [PMID: 35401639 PMCID: PMC8987128 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.831654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can facilitate the uptake of limiting or inaccessible nutrients by plants. However, the importance of AMF for invasive plants under phosphorus (P) limitation is poorly well understood because of the presence of non-focal microorganisms, such as endophytes or rhizosphere bacteria. In this study, we investigated how an invasive clonal plant Solidago canadensis benefits from the AMF Glomus intraradices by using a completely sterile culturing system, which is composed of aseptic seedlings, a pure AMF strain, and a sterile growth environment. We found that the colonization rate, abundance, and spore production of AMF in the insoluble P treatment was more than twice as much as in the available P treatment. Plant above-ground growth was enhanced almost 50% by AMF in the insoluble P treatment. Importantly, AMF were able to facilitate P acquisition by the plant in insoluble P conditions, allowing plants to have lower investment into below-ground biomass and higher benefit/return for above-ground biomass. This study demonstrated the important contribution that AMF make to plants in phosphate-deficient environments eliminating interference from non-focal microorganisms. Our results also suggest that interaction with AMF could contribute to the invasiveness of clonal plant S. canadensis in a resource-deficient environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- School of the Environment Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jiahao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lingyun Wan
- Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
| | - Zhicong Dai
- School of the Environment Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
| | | | - Daolin Du
- School of the Environment Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Suhelen Egan
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen P. Bonser
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Torsten Thomas
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Angela T. Moles
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Impacts of the Invasive Impatiens glandulifera: Lessons Learned from One of Europe's Top Invasive Species. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10070619. [PMID: 34356476 PMCID: PMC8301180 DOI: 10.3390/biology10070619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Plants and animals are a part of a larger system, commonly referred to as an ecosystem. This generally implies a balance existing between prey and predators. The unintentional introduction of a species in a new environment can lead to a significant alteration of the ecosystem(s) and the uncontrolled spread of the species. When this takes place, the introduced species is referred to as invasive. Invasives can affect the ecosystem in profound ways, and generally, negatively impacting on the native species. This manuscript reviewed the current knowledge of one of Europe’s top invasives, the Himalayan balsam (Impatiens glandulifera). It provides insights on the species and what have we learned from this invasive species. Abstract Biological invasions are renowned for their negative ecological and economic implications, however from studying invasions invaluable insights can be gained in the fields of ecology and evolution- potentially contributing towards conservation plans to deal, not only with biological invasion, but with other concerning issues, such as climate change. Impatiens glandulifera, or Himalayan balsam, is widely considered to be a highly problematic invasive, having spread across more than thirty countries during the past century. This paper will examine the findings which have arose from studying I. glandulifera and its impacts on the invaded ecosystem.
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Microbial Community Analysis of Native Pinus sylvestris L. and Alien Pinus mugo L. on Dune Sands as determined by Ecoplates. FORESTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/f11111202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The Curonian Spit (Lithuanian: Kursiu nerija) is a 98 km long, thin, curved sand-dune spit that separates the Curonian Lagoon from the Baltic Sea coast. The Curonian Spit is home to the highest moving (drifting) sand dunes in Europe. Coniferous woods are prevalent in the Kursiu Nerija National Park (80%). These woods consist mostly of native Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and alien mountain pine (Pinus mugo L.). With the planting of non-native species, there is a need for studies evaluating the effects of alien and native plant species on soil ecosystem properties. We measured soil microbial communities from nearby pairs of native and alien pine species. Forty-two sampling sites of close-growing P. sylvestris and P. mugo were selected. To measure the soil microbial activity in these sites, we used Biolog EcoPlates. We found that the functional diversity of microorganisms that use carbon sources was significantly greater in the mature pine stands. Microbial functional diversity was also greater in the soils of native pine stands. Differences between activity and functional diversity in newly established and old stands were also identified.
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Chebaane A, Symanczik S, Oehl F, Azri R, Gargouri M, Mäder P, Mliki A, Fki L. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with Phoenix dactylifera L. grown in Tunisian Sahara oases of different salinity levels. Symbiosis 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-020-00692-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Stanek M, Stefanowicz AM. Invasive Quercus rubra negatively affected soil microbial communities relative to native Quercus robur in a semi-natural forest. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 696:133977. [PMID: 31461689 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Invasive tree species can exert a profound effect on soil properties and ecosystem processes. Quercus rubra is a Northern American species that has an invader status in many European countries. However, the direction and magnitude of its effect on soil physicochemical and microbial properties relative to native tree species in forests are largely unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of invasive Q. rubra on physicochemical and microbial properties of soil organic and mineral horizons in comparison to native Quercus robur in a semi-natural forest. The study was performed on 23 Q. rubra and 10 Q. robur stands in the Niepołomice Forest (southern Poland). A number of soil parameters were assessed, namely moisture, water holding capacity, electrical conductivity, pH, organic C, total N, respiration, bacterial and fungal biomass and community structure (phospholipid fatty acid and ergosterol analyses). As soil properties are influenced by the quality of leaf litter deposited by trees, senesced Q. rubra and Q. robur leaves were characterized in terms of C, Ca, Mg, K, N, P, total phenolics and condensed tannins concentrations. It was found that total microbial and bacterial biomass was significantly lower under Q. rubra than Q. robur in both soil horizons. Microbial community structure of organic horizon also differed between the two Quercus species. In contrast, no differences were found in fungal biomass and soil physicochemical variables. The reduction in microbial and bacterial biomass beneath Q. rubra may be associated with the quantity and quality of its litter. Senesced Q. rubra leaves were characterized by significantly higher C/N and C/P ratios relative to those of Q. robur. Preliminary data indicate that although they had lower concentrations of phenolics and condensed tannins, the pools of these compounds supplied to the soil were higher due to higher litter production by Q. rubra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Stanek
- Department of Ecology, W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, 31-512 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Anna M Stefanowicz
- Department of Ecology, W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, 31-512 Kraków, Poland.
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Hao Z, Xie W, Chen B. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis Affects Plant Immunity to Viral Infection and Accumulation. Viruses 2019; 11:E534. [PMID: 31181739 PMCID: PMC6630321 DOI: 10.3390/v11060534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, as root symbionts of most terrestrial plants, improve plant growth and fitness. In addition to the improved plant nutritional status, the physiological changes that trigger metabolic changes in the root via AM fungi can also increase the host ability to overcome biotic and abiotic stresses. Plant viruses are one of the important limiting factors for the commercial cultivation of various crops. The effect of AM fungi on viral infection is variable, and considerable attention is focused on shoot virus infection. This review provides an overview of the potential of AM fungi as bioprotection agents against viral diseases and emphasizes the complex nature of plant-fungus-virus interactions. Several mechanisms, including modulated plant tolerance, manipulation of induced systemic resistance (ISR), and altered vector pressure are involved in such interactions. We propose that using "omics" tools will provide detailed insights into the complex mechanisms underlying mycorrhizal-mediated plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Wei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Baodong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Gaggini L, Rusterholz HP, Baur B. The annual invasive plant Impatiens glandulifera reduces hyphal biomass of soil fungi in deciduous forests. FUNGAL ECOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Toju H, Kurokawa H, Kenta T. Factors Influencing Leaf- and Root-Associated Communities of Bacteria and Fungi Across 33 Plant Orders in a Grassland. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:241. [PMID: 30837969 PMCID: PMC6390183 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In terrestrial ecosystems, plants interact with diverse taxonomic groups of bacteria and fungi in the phyllosphere and rhizosphere. Although recent studies based on high-throughput DNA sequencing have drastically increased our understanding of plant-associated microbiomes, we still have limited knowledge of how plant species in a species-rich community differ in their leaf and root microbiome compositions. In a cool-temperate semi-natural grassland in Japan, we compared leaf- and root-associated microbiomes across 137 plant species belonging to 33 plant orders. Based on the whole-microbiome inventory data, we analyzed how sampling season as well as the taxonomy, nativeness (native or alien), lifeform (herbaceous or woody), and mycorrhizal type of host plants could contribute to variation in microbiome compositions among co-occurring plant species. The data also allowed us to explore prokaryote and fungal lineages showing preferences for specific host characteristics. The list of microbial taxa showing significant host preferences involved those potentially having some impacts on survival, growth, or environmental resistance of host plants. Overall, this study provides a platform for understanding how plant and microbial communities are linked with each other at the ecosystem level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Toju
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Hiroko Kurokawa
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tanaka Kenta
- Sugadaira Research Station, Mountain Science Center, University of Tsukuba, Nagano, Japan
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Rożek K, Rola K, Błaszkowski J, Zubek S. Associations of root-inhabiting fungi with herbaceous plant species of temperate forests in relation to soil chemical properties. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 649:1573-1579. [PMID: 30308925 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The overwhelming majority of research on fungal interactions with plants in the forest ecosystems of the temperate climate zone focuses on ectomycorrhizal associations and no studies so far have compared the occurrence of root-inhabiting fungi in herbaceous plant species. We thus studied arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and fungal root endophyte colonization rates as well as AMF species richness and composition under 19 herbaceous plant species in temperate forests (southeast Poland) in relation to soil chemical properties. Seventeen species formed arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM), while 2 were non-mycorrhizal. The intensity of AMF colonization varied between species. Relative mycorrhizal root length (MAMF%) ranged from 0% to 100%. AMF spore abundance ranged from 0 to 11.4 in 1 g of soils. Sixteen AMF species were recorded, both widespread (e.g. Funneliformis constrictum, Claroideoglomus claroideum) and rare (Acaulospora cavernata, Entrophospora infrequens). The composition of AMF species related to the plants differed. Fungal root endophytes were recorded only in some plants; dark septate endophytes (DSE) in 13 species, while Olpidium spp. in 6 species. Moreover, DSE mycelia and Olpidium spp. sporangia were observed with low abundance, and their occurrence differed between particular plant species. Among soil chemical properties, only the concentration of available phosphorus was significantly negatively correlated with the MAMF% parameter. In conclusion, several groups of root-inhabiting fungi were related to herbaceous plants; however, they occurred with varied frequency. AMF spore abundance and species richness differed as well; however, they persisted at a low level compared to other ecosystems. Nonetheless, we detected significant negative correlation between available P contents in soils and the intensity of mycorrhizal colonization, which suggests the importance of AM for the plants in sites with low P concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Rożek
- Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 3, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Kaja Rola
- Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 3, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Janusz Błaszkowski
- Department of Ecology and Protection of Environment, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Słowackiego 17, 71-434 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Szymon Zubek
- Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 3, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
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de Souza TAF, de Andrade LA, Freitas H, da Silva Sandim A. Biological Invasion Influences the Outcome of Plant-Soil Feedback in the Invasive Plant Species from the Brazilian Semi-arid. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2018; 76:102-112. [PMID: 28560606 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-017-0999-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Plant-soil feedback is recognized as the mutual interaction between plants and soil microorganisms, but its role on the biological invasion of the Brazilian tropical seasonal dry forest by invasive plants still remains unclear. Here, we analyzed and compared the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) communities and soil characteristics from the root zone of invasive and native plants, and tested how these AMF communities affect the development of four invasive plant species (Cryptostegia madagascariensis, Parkinsonia aculeata, Prosopis juliflora, and Sesbania virgata). Our field sampling revealed that AMF diversity and frequency of the Order Diversisporales were positively correlated with the root zone of the native plants, whereas AMF dominance and frequency of the Order Glomerales were positively correlated with the root zone of invasive plants. We grew the invasive plants in soil inoculated with AMF species from the root zone of invasive (I changed) and native (I unaltered) plant species. We also performed a third treatment with sterilized soil inoculum (control). We examined the effects of these three AMF inoculums on plant dry biomass, root colonization, plant phosphorous concentration, and plant responsiveness to mycorrhizas. We found that I unaltered and I changed promoted the growth of all invasive plants and led to a higher plant dry biomass, mycorrhizal colonization, and P uptake than control, but I changed showed better results on these variables than I unaltered. For plant responsiveness to mycorrhizas and fungal inoculum effect on plant P concentration, we found positive feedback between changed-AMF community (I changed) and three of the studied invasive plants: C. madagascariensis, P. aculeata, and S. virgata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tancredo Augusto Feitosa de Souza
- Agrarian Science Center, Department of Soils and Rural Engineering, Federal University of Paraíba, Areia, Paraíba, 58397-000, Brazil.
| | - Leonaldo Alves de Andrade
- Agrarian Science Center, Department of Soils and Rural Engineering, Federal University of Paraíba, Areia, Paraíba, 58397-000, Brazil
| | - Helena Freitas
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Aline da Silva Sandim
- College of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Soil and Environmental Resources, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Betekhtina AA, Sergienko AO, Veselkin DV. Root Structure Indicates the Ability of Heracleum sosnowskyi To Absorb Resources Quickly under Optimum Soil Conditions. BIOL BULL+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359018020024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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13
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Orchard S, Standish RJ, Dickie IA, Renton M, Walker C, Moot D, Ryan MH. Fine root endophytes under scrutiny: a review of the literature on arbuscule-producing fungi recently suggested to belong to the Mucoromycotina. MYCORRHIZA 2017; 27:619-638. [PMID: 28593464 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-017-0782-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Fine root endophytes (FRE) are arbuscule-forming fungi presently considered as a single species-Glomus tenue in the Glomeromycota (Glomeromycotina)-but probably belong within the Mucoromycotina. Thus, FRE are the only known arbuscule-forming fungi not within the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF; Glomeromycotina) as currently understood. Phylogenetic differences between FRE and AMF could reflect ecological differences. To synthesize current ecological knowledge, we reviewed the literature on FRE and identified 108 papers that noted the presence of FRE and, in some, the colonization levels for FRE or AMF (or both). We categorized these records by geographic region, host-plant family and environment (agriculture, moderate-natural, low-temperature, high-altitude and other) and determined their influence on the percentage of root length colonized by FRE in a meta-analysis. We found that FRE are globally distributed, with many observations from Poaceae, perhaps due to grasses being widely distributed. In agricultural environments, colonization by FRE often equalled or exceeded that of AMF, particularly in Australasia. In moderate-natural and high-altitude environments, average colonization by FRE (~10%) was lower than that of AMF (~35%), whereas in low-temperature environments, colonization was similar (~20%). Several studies suggested that FRE can enhance host-plant phosphorus uptake and growth, and may be more resilient than AMF to environmental stress in some host plants. Further research is required on the functioning of FRE in relation to the environment, host plant and co-occurring AMF and, in particular, to examine whether FRE are important for plant growth in stressful environments. Targeted molecular primers are urgently needed for further research on FRE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Orchard
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, and Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley (Perth), WA, 6009, Australia.
| | - Rachel J Standish
- School of Veterinary & Life Sciences, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Ian A Dickie
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, Lincoln, 7647, New Zealand
| | - Michael Renton
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, and Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley (Perth), WA, 6009, Australia
- UWA School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley (Perth), WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Christopher Walker
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, and Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley (Perth), WA, 6009, Australia
- Royal Botanic Garden, 20A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh, EH3 5LR, UK
| | - Derrick Moot
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, 7647, New Zealand
| | - Megan H Ryan
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, and Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley (Perth), WA, 6009, Australia
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Majewska ML, Rola K, Zubek S. The growth and phosphorus acquisition of invasive plants Rudbeckia laciniata and Solidago gigantea are enhanced by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. MYCORRHIZA 2017; 27:83-94. [PMID: 27581153 PMCID: PMC5237450 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-016-0729-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
While a number of recent studies have revealed that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can mediate invasive plant success, the influence of these symbionts on the most successful and high-impact invaders is largely unexplored. Two perennial herbs of this category of invasive plants, Rudbeckia laciniata and Solidago gigantea (Asteraceae), were thus tested in a pot experiment to determine whether AMF influence their growth, the concentration of phosphorus in biomass, and photosynthesis. The following treatments, including three common AMF species, were prepared on soils representative of two habitats that are frequently invaded by both plants, namely fallow and river valley: (1) control-soil without AMF, (2) Rhizophagus irregularis, (3) Funneliformis mosseae, and (4) Claroideoglomus claroideum. The invaders were strongly dependent on AMF for their growth. The mycorrhizal dependency of R. laciniata was 88 and 63 % and of S. gigantea 90 and 82 % for valley and fallow soils, respectively. The fungi also increased P concentration in their biomass. However, we found different effects of the fungal species in the stimulation of plant growth and P acquisition, with R. irregularis and C. claroideum being the most and least effective symbionts, respectively. None of AMF species had an impact on the photosynthetic performance indexes of both plants. Our findings indicate that AMF have a direct effect on the early stages of R. laciniata and S. gigantea growth. The magnitude of the response of both plant species to AMF was dependent on the fungal and soil identities. Therefore, the presence of particular AMF species in a site may determine the success of their invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta L Majewska
- Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology and Earth Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kopernika 27, Kraków, 31-501, Poland
| | - Kaja Rola
- Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology and Earth Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kopernika 27, Kraków, 31-501, Poland
| | - Szymon Zubek
- Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology and Earth Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kopernika 27, Kraków, 31-501, Poland.
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Stefanowicz AM, Stanek M, Nobis M, Zubek S. Few effects of invasive plants Reynoutria japonica, Rudbeckia laciniata and Solidago gigantea on soil physical and chemical properties. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 574:938-946. [PMID: 27665453 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Biological invasions are an important problem of human-induced changes at a global scale. Invasive plants can modify soil nutrient pools and element cycling, creating feedbacks that potentially stabilize current or accelerate further invasion, and prevent re-establishment of native species. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of Reynoutria japonica, Rudbeckia laciniata and Solidago gigantea, invading non-forest areas located within or outside river valleys, on soil physical and chemical parameters, including soil moisture, element concentrations, organic matter content and pH. Additionally, invasion effects on plant species number and total plant cover were assessed. The concentrations of elements in shoots and roots of invasive and native plants were also measured. Split-plot ANOVA revealed that the invasions significantly reduced plant species number, but did not affect most soil physical and chemical properties. The invasions decreased total P concentration and increased N-NO3 concentration in soil in comparison to native vegetation, though the latter only in the case of R. japonica. The influence of invasion on soil properties did not depend on location (within- or outside valleys). The lack of invasion effects on most soil properties does not necessarily imply the lack of influence of invasive plants, but may suggest that the direction of the changes varies among replicate sites and there are no general patterns of invasion-induced alterations for these parameters. Tissue element concentrations, with the exception of Mg, did not differ between invasive and native plants, and were not related to soil element concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Stefanowicz
- W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, 31-512 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Stanek
- W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, 31-512 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Marcin Nobis
- Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology and Earth Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kopernika 27, 31-501 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Szymon Zubek
- Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology and Earth Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kopernika 27, 31-501 Kraków, Poland.
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Menzel A, Hempel S, Klotz S, Moora M, Pyšek P, Rillig MC, Zobel M, Kühn I. Mycorrhizal status helps explain invasion success of alien plant species. Ecology 2016; 98:92-102. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.1621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Menzel
- Department of Community Ecology; Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ; Theodor-Lieser-Strasse 4 06120 Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Stefan Hempel
- Institute of Biology; Dahlem Center for Plant Sciences; Freie Universität Berlin; Altensteinstraße 6 14195 Berlin Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB); 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Stefan Klotz
- Department of Community Ecology; Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ; Theodor-Lieser-Strasse 4 06120 Halle (Saale) Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig; Deutscher Platz 5e 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Mari Moora
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences; University of Tartu; 40 Lai Street Tartu 51005 Estonia
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Department of Invasion Ecology; Institute of Botany; The Czech Academy of Sciences; CZ-252 43 Průhonice Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology; Faculty of Science; Charles University; Viničná 7 CZ-128 44 Prague 2 Czech Republic
- Department of Botany and Zoology; Centre for Invasion Biology; Stellenbosch University; Matieland 7602 South Africa
| | - Matthias C. Rillig
- Institute of Biology; Dahlem Center for Plant Sciences; Freie Universität Berlin; Altensteinstraße 6 14195 Berlin Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB); 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Martin Zobel
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences; University of Tartu; 40 Lai Street Tartu 51005 Estonia
| | - Ingolf Kühn
- Department of Community Ecology; Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ; Theodor-Lieser-Strasse 4 06120 Halle (Saale) Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig; Deutscher Platz 5e 04103 Leipzig Germany
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden; Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg; Am Kirchtor 1 06108 Halle Germany
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17
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Gucwa-Przepióra E, Chmura D, Sokołowska K. AM and DSE colonization of invasive plants in urban habitat: a study of Upper Silesia (southern Poland). JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2016; 129:603-614. [PMID: 26894756 PMCID: PMC4909803 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-016-0802-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between invasive plants and root endophytes may contribute to the exploration of plant invasion causes. Twenty plant species of alien origin differing in invasiveness were studied in terms of status and typical structures of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and dark septate endophytes (DSE) in urban habitats in Silesia Upland (southern Poland). We observed that 75 % of investigated plant species were mycorrhizal. The arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) of most plant species was of the Arum morphology. The nearly 100 % mycorrhizal frequency, high intensity of AM colonization within root cortex and the presence of arbuscules in all mycorrhizal plant species indicate that the investigated species are able to establish AM associations in the secondary range and urban habitats. DSE were present in all mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal species. The frequency of DSE was significantly lower in non-mycorrhizal group of plants, however, sclerotia of DSE were found mainly in the roots of non-mycorrhizal plant species. The group of species native to North America including three Solidago congeners have the highest values of all AM mycorrhization and DSE indices. Moreover, we observed that most mycorrhizal invasive species belonged to the family Asteraceae. In turn, representatives of Poaceae had the lowest values of AM mycorrhization. Nevertheless, quite high values of DSE frequency were also encountered in roots of Poaceae species. The high invasiveness of the representatives of the Asteraceae family from North America support theory that both taxonomic pattern, and the fact of root endophytes colonization contribute to invasion success. While, the taxa of Reynoutria also represent successful invaders but they are of Asiatic origin, non-mycorrhizal and weakly colonized by DSE fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Gucwa-Przepióra
- Department of Botany and Nature Protection, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Jagiellonska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | - Damian Chmura
- Institute of Environmental Protection and Engineering, Faculty of Materials, Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Bielsko-Biała, 2 Willowa Street, 43-309 Bielsko-Biała, Poland
| | - Kamila Sokołowska
- Department of Botany and Nature Protection, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Jagiellonska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
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