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Pitkänen J, Junna L, Martikainen P. Adolescent Psychiatric Inpatient Episodes and Subsequent Labor Market Trajectories. J Adolesc Health 2024; 74:1175-1183. [PMID: 38493397 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Adolescents with psychiatric disorders are known to be more often not in education, employment, or training (NEET) in young adulthood than their peers. However, since most of the available evidence is based on cross-sectional measurement of NEET, there is less evidence on the processes underlying these differences in labor market disadvantage. We assessed these processes by examining transitions between NEET and non-NEET states across young adulthood and the differences in these transitions by adolescent psychiatric inpatient treatment. METHODS We used longitudinal register data on all individuals born in Finland in 1980-1984 (N = 315,508) to identify psychiatric inpatient episodes between ages 10 and 19 and NEET between ages 20 and 34. We modeled the transitions between NEET and non-NEET states and the impact of psychiatric disorders on these transitions with multistate models. RESULTS Individuals who had psychiatric inpatient episodes in adolescence started their labor market careers as NEET twice as often as their peers. They were also more likely to transition into NEET states and less likely to transition out of NEET. In total, individuals with a history of psychiatric episodes spent from 1.8 to 6.9 more years as NEET between the ages 20 and 34 than their peers, depending on sex, baseline NEET, and diagnostic group. DISCUSSION Adolescents with severe psychiatric disorders are highly vulnerable in terms of labor market outcomes throughout their early adulthood. Supportive measures are required both at the start of employment trajectories and during later career stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonas Pitkänen
- Helsinki Institute for Demography and Population Health, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Max Planck - University of Helsinki Center for Social Inequalities in Population Health, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Liina Junna
- Helsinki Institute for Demography and Population Health, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Max Planck - University of Helsinki Center for Social Inequalities in Population Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Martikainen
- Helsinki Institute for Demography and Population Health, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Max Planck - University of Helsinki Center for Social Inequalities in Population Health, Helsinki, Finland; Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany
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Singh N, Buczyłowska D, Baumbach C, Bratkowski J, Mysak Y, Wierzba-Łukaszyk M, Sitnik-Warchulska K, Skotak K, Lipowska M, Izydorczyk B, Szwed M, Dzhambov AM, Markevych I. Pathways linking greenspace to behavioural problems in Polish children. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31435. [PMID: 38818196 PMCID: PMC11137514 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Previous cross-sectional studies have found a beneficial relationship between greenspace and children's behaviour. Nevertheless, evidence on the mechanisms underlying this association remains scant. We examined whether the availability of greenspace was related to fewer behavioural problems in Polish children and investigated potential mechanisms. Methods Data were obtained from the case-control NeuroSmog study, in which children with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were tested from October 2020 to September 2022. The analytic sample comprised 679 children aged 10-13 years. Parents reported internalizing, externalizing, and total behavioural problems using the Child Behaviour Check List (CBCL), as well as information about the presence of a domestic garden and potential mediators: greenspace perception, neighbourhood social cohesion, and physical activity. Tree and grass covers were extracted in 500 m and 1 km buffers around lifelong residences. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to examine the psychosocial pathways linking the greenspace metrics to behavioural problems. Results Greenspace was only indirectly related to fewer behavioural problems. Specifically, tree cover was related to greater levels of physical activity which, in turn, was related to fewer internalizing and total behavioural problems. Tree cover and presence of garden were related to greenspace perception which, in turn, was associated with higher neighbourhood social cohesion which, in turn, was linked to fewer behavioural problems. The patterns of associations in children without ADHD were very similar to those in the full sample except that the associations from garden to greenspace perception and from physical activity to total behavioural problems were no longer significant. The only association persisted among girls was from neighbourhood social cohesion to behavioural problems and among boys were from tree cover to physical activity and tree cover and garden to greenspace perception. Conclusion Trees and garden, but not grass, are linked to fewer behavioural problems through greenspace perception, neighbourhood social cohesion, and physical activity in Polish children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitika Singh
- Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Doctoral School of Social Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Clemens Baumbach
- Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Jakub Bratkowski
- Institute of Environmental Protection-National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Yarema Mysak
- Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | | | | | - Krzysztof Skotak
- Institute of Environmental Protection-National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Lipowska
- Faculty of Management and Social Communication, Institute of Applied Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Institute of Psychology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Marcin Szwed
- Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Angel M. Dzhambov
- Department of Hygiene, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Institute for Highway Engineering and Transport Planning, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
- Research Group “Health and Quality of Life in a Green and Sustainable Environment”, SRIPD, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Environmental Health Division, Research Institute at Medical University of Plovdiv, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Iana Markevych
- Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Research Group “Health and Quality of Life in a Green and Sustainable Environment”, SRIPD, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Environmental Health Division, Research Institute at Medical University of Plovdiv, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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Carr HR, Hall JE, Brandt VC. Adolescent delinquency following co-occurring childhood head injuries and conduct problem symptoms: findings from a UK longitudinal birth cohort. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2023:10.1007/s00787-023-02335-0. [PMID: 38153523 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02335-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Childhood conduct problems and head injuries share a bidirectional association, but how this affects the risk of adolescent delinquency is unknown. Due to their similar underlying mechanisms (i.e. increased impulsivity), this study aims to identify whether their co-occurrence increases the risk of adolescent delinquency. Data was obtained from 11,272 children at age 14 and 10,244 at age 17 years enrolled in the UK Millennium Cohort Study. Conduct problem symptoms (via the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire) and head injuries were parent reported from ages 3 to 14 years. Delinquency was self-reported at ages 14 and 17 including substance use, criminality, and antisocial behaviour. Incident rate ratios (IRR) were estimated for delinquency at ages 14 and 17 by childhood conduct problem and head injury status. Co-occurring head injuries and high conduct problem symptoms presented the greatest risk for overall delinquency and substance use at age 14 compared to those with the presence of one or neither (IRRs from 1.20 to 1.60). At age 17, conduct problems (with or without co-occurring head injuries) presented the greatest risk for overall delinquency, substance use, and antisocial behaviour. There was no evidence for an increased risk of delinquency at ages 14 or 17 following a head injury only. Whilst these findings suggest childhood head injuries alone do not increase the risk of adolescent delinquency, when co-occurring alongside high conduct problem symptoms there is a heightened earlier risk. These results provide further insight into adolescent delinquency and the outcomes of co-occurring childhood head injury and conduct problem symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah R Carr
- School of Psychology, Centre for Innovation in Mental Health, University of Southampton, University Road, Highfield Campus, Building 44, Southampton, SO17 1PS, UK.
| | - James E Hall
- Southampton Education School, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Valerie C Brandt
- School of Psychology, Centre for Innovation in Mental Health, University of Southampton, University Road, Highfield Campus, Building 44, Southampton, SO17 1PS, UK
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
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Demenech LM, Gomes JR, Moraes RDS, Silva JCD, Neiva-Silva L, Dumith SC. [The experience of forced sexual intercourse among undergraduate students: associated factors and possible consequences]. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2023; 28:1241-1251. [PMID: 37042903 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232023284.13982022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The scope of this article is to investigate the prevalence of the experience of forced sexual intercourse on life and its possible consequences on mental and sexual health among undergraduate students at a public university in Brazil. It is a quantitative cross-sectional study with 996 undergraduate students. Sampling was carried out systematically by single-stage clusters. Descriptive, bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed using the Poisson Regression model, and the etiological fractions of the consequences of forced sexual intercourse were calculated. The lifetime prevalence of forced sexual intercourse was 12.1%. Female sex, non-heterosexual sexual orientation, first sexual intercourse before the age of 14, child food insecurity and domestic violence were associated with a higher prevalence of the outcome. Individuals who experienced forced sexual intercourse were more likely to be diagnosed with sexually transmitted infections and to represent a potential suicide risk. The study revealed the problems of sexual violence in the university context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauro Miranda Demenech
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG). Av. Itália s/n, km 8, bairro Carreiros. 96203-900 Rio Grande RS Brasil.
- Centro de Estudos sobre Risco e Saúde (CERIS), FURG. Rio Grande RS Brasil
| | - Jéssica Rodrigues Gomes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas. Pelotas RS Brasil
| | | | | | - Lucas Neiva-Silva
- Centro de Estudos sobre Risco e Saúde (CERIS), FURG. Rio Grande RS Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia, FURG. Rio Grande RS Brasil
| | - Samuel C Dumith
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG). Av. Itália s/n, km 8, bairro Carreiros. 96203-900 Rio Grande RS Brasil.
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Evans-Lacko S, Araya R, Bauer A, Garman E, Álvarez-Iglesias A, McDaid D, Hessel P, Matijasevich A, Paula CS, Park AL, Lund C. Potential mechanisms by which cash transfer programmes could improve the mental health and life chances of young people: A conceptual framework and lines of enquiry for research and policy. Glob Ment Health (Camb) 2023; 10:e13. [PMID: 37854414 PMCID: PMC10579689 DOI: 10.1017/gmh.2023.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Mental health is inextricably linked to both poverty and future life chances such as education, skills, labour market attachment and social function. Poverty can lead to poorer mental health, which reduces opportunities and increases the risk of lifetime poverty. Cash transfer programmes are one of the most common strategies to reduce poverty and now reach substantial proportions of populations living in low- and middle-income countries. Because of their rapid expansion in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, they have recently gained even more importance. Recently, there have been suggestions that these cash transfers might improve youth mental health, disrupting the cycle of disadvantage at a critical period of life. Here, we present a conceptual framework describing potential mechanisms by which cash transfer programmes could improve the mental health and life chances of young people. Furthermore, we explore how theories from behavioural economics and cognitive psychology could be used to more specifically target these mechanisms and optimise the impact of cash transfers on youth mental health and life chances. Based on this, we identify several lines of enquiry and action for future research and policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Evans-Lacko
- Department of Health Policy, Care Policy and Evaluation Centre, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - Ricardo Araya
- Centre for Global Mental Health, Health Service & Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Annette Bauer
- Department of Health Policy, Care Policy and Evaluation Centre, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - Emily Garman
- Alan J Flisher Centre for Public Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Alejandra Álvarez-Iglesias
- Department of Health Policy, Care Policy and Evaluation Centre, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
- Departamento de Psicología Biológica y de la Salud, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - David McDaid
- Department of Health Policy, Care Policy and Evaluation Centre, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - Philipp Hessel
- Escuela de Gobierno Alberto Lleras Camargo, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alicia Matijasevich
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Cristiane Silvestre Paula
- Centro Mackenzie de Pesquisa sobre Infância e Adolescência, Programa de Pós-graduação em Distúrbios do Desenvolvimento, Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A-La Park
- Department of Health Policy, Care Policy and Evaluation Centre, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - Crick Lund
- Centre for Global Mental Health, Health Service & Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- Alan J Flisher Centre for Public Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Orri M, Ahun MN, Naicker S, Besharati S, Richter LM. Childhood factors associated with suicidal ideation among South African youth: A 28-year longitudinal study of the Birth to Twenty Plus cohort. PLoS Med 2022; 19:e1003946. [PMID: 35290371 PMCID: PMC8923476 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although early life factors are associated with increased suicide risk in youth, there is a dearth of research on these associations for individuals growing up in disadvantaged socioeconomic contexts, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We documented the association between individual, familial, and environmental factors in childhood with suicidal ideation among South African youth. METHODS AND FINDINGS We used data from 2,020 participants in the Birth to Twenty Plus (Bt20+) study, a South African cohort following children born in Soweto, Johannesburg from birth (1990) to age 28 years (2018). Suicidal ideation was self-reported at ages 14, 17, 22, and 28 years, and the primary outcome of interest was suicidal ideation reported at any age. We assessed individual, familial, and socioeconomic characteristics at childbirth and during infancy, adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) between ages 5 and 13 years, and externalizing and internalizing problems between 5 and 10 years. We estimated odds ratios (ORs) of suicidal ideation for individuals exposed to selected childhood factors using logistic regression. Lifetime suicidal ideation was reported by 469 (23.2%) participants, with a 1.7:1 female/male ratio. Suicidal ideation rates peaked at age 17 and decreased thereafter. Socioeconomic adversity, low birth weight, higher birth order (i.e., increase in the order of birth in the family: first, second, third, fourth, or later born child), ACEs, and childhood externalizing problems were associated with suicidal ideation, differently patterned among males and females. Socioeconomic adversity (OR 1.13, CI 1.01 to 1.27, P = 0.031) was significantly associated with suicidal ideation among males only, while birth weight (OR 1.20, CI 1.02 to 1.41, P = 0.03), ACEs (OR 1.11, CI 1.01 to 1.21, P = 0.030), and higher birth order (OR 1.15, CI 1.07 to 1.243, P < 0.001) were significantly associated with suicidal ideation among females only. Externalizing problems in childhood were significantly associated with suicidal ideation among both males (OR 1.23, 1.08 to 1.40, P = 0.002) and females (OR 1.16, CI 1.03 to 1.30, P = 0.011). Main limitations of the study are the high attrition rate (62% of the original sample was included in this analysis) and the heterogeneity in the measurements of suicidal ideation. CONCLUSIONS In this study from South Africa, we observed that early life social and environmental adversities as well as childhood externalizing problems are associated with increased risk of suicidal ideation during adolescence and early adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Orri
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Centre, Inserm U1219, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Marilyn N. Ahun
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Université de Montréal School of Public Health, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sara Naicker
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence in Human Development, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sahba Besharati
- Department of Psychology, School of Human and Community Development, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- CIFAR Azrieli Global Scholars Program, CIFAR, Toronto, Canada
| | - Linda M. Richter
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence in Human Development, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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The mental health of young people who are not in education, employment, or training: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2022; 57:1107-1121. [PMID: 34931257 PMCID: PMC8687877 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-021-02212-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There are increasing concerns about the intersection between NEET (not in education, employment, or training) status and youth mental ill-health and substance use. However, findings are inconsistent and differ across types of problems. This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis (PROSPERO-CRD42018087446) on the association between NEET status and youth mental health and substance use problems. METHODS We searched Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, ERIC, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses (1999-2020). Two reviewers extracted data and appraised study quality using a modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. We ran robust variance estimation random-effects models for associations between NEET and aggregate groups of mental ill-health and substance use measures; conventional random-effects models for associations with individual mental/substance use problems; and subgroup analyses to explore heterogeneity. RESULTS We identified 24 studies from 6,120 references. NEET status was associated with aggregate groups of mental ill-health (OR 1.28, CI 1.06-1.54), substance use problems (OR 1.43, CI 1.08-1.89), and combined mental ill-health and substance use measures (OR 1.38, CI 1.15-1.64). Each disaggregated measure was associated with NEET status [mood (OR 1.43, CI 1.21-1.70), anxiety (OR 1.55, CI 1.07-2.24), behaviour problems (OR 1.49, CI 1.21-1.85), alcohol use (OR 1.28, CI 1.24-1.46), cannabis use (OR 1.62, CI 1.07-2.46), drug use (OR 1.99, CI 1.19-3.31), suicidality (OR 2.84, CI 2.04-3.95); and psychological distress (OR 1.10, CI 1.01-1.21)]. Longitudinal data indicated that aggregate measures of mental health problems and of mental health and substance use problems (combined) predicted being NEET later, while evidence for the inverse relationship was equivocal and sparse. CONCLUSION Our review provides evidence for meaningful, significant associations between youth mental health and substance use problems and being NEET. We, therefore, advocate for mental ill-health prevention and early intervention and integrating vocational supports in youth mental healthcare.
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Richter LM, Ahun MN, Besharati S, Naicker SN, Orri M. Adolescent Mental Health Problems and Adult Human Capital: Findings From the South African Birth to Twenty Plus Cohort at 28 Years of Age. J Adolesc Health 2021; 69:782-789. [PMID: 34059430 PMCID: PMC8552796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2021.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated associations between adolescent internalizing and externalizing problems and adult human capital in a non-Western setting. Little is known about adolescent mental health problems and adult outcomes in low- and middle-income countries, many of which are characterized by high levels of adversities. METHODS Data came from the Birth to Twenty Plus cohort, started in Soweto, Johannesburg, South Africa, in 1990. We estimated associations of internalizing and externalizing problems at the age of 14 years with self-reported educational, employment, welfare receipt, psychosocial (psychological distress, criminality, substance use), interpersonal (social isolation, intimate partner violence, partnership status), and HIV outcomes at the age of 28 years. RESULTS Adolescents with high internalizing problems were less likely to have completed secondary school or be formally employed and more likely to report psychological distress. Those with high levels of externalizing problems were more likely to report adulthood criminal activity and substance use. We found significant associations between internalizing and externalizing problems and intimate partner violence. There was no association between adolescent mental health problems and welfare receipt, HIV, social isolation, or partnership status. Men were more likely to report incomplete secondary education, no formal employment, criminality and substance use, social isolation, and no serious relationship, whereas women were more likely to experience psychological distress and be in receipt of welfare. CONCLUSIONS Adolescent mental health problems are associated with long-term negative adult functioning under varying socioeconomic conditions. Interventions to recognize and address youth mental health problems in low- and middle-income countries are needed to avert serious adverse adult and societal consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda M. Richter
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence in Human Development, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa,Linda M. Richter, Ph.D., DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence in Human Development, University of the Witwatersrand, 27 St. Andrews Street, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2000, South Africa.
| | - Marilyn N. Ahun
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Université de Montréal School of Public Health, Montréal, Canada
| | - Sahba Besharati
- Department of Psychology, School of Human and Community Development, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sara N. Naicker
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence in Human Development, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Massimiliano Orri
- McGill Group For Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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Cultural Adaptation Process of the Strengthening Families Program (10–14) Around the World: an Integrative Review. TRENDS IN PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s43076-020-00053-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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