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Mărcuș O, Rusu R, Mueller SC, Visu-Petra L. To be or not to be flexible: A hierarchical model of affective flexibility in typical development and internalizing problems. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2024; 246:104275. [PMID: 38703655 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Affective flexibility is defined as a complex executive function which enables individuals to successfully alternate between distinct emotional and non-emotional features of a given situation in order to attain a specific goal. A large body of research has focused exclusively on flexibility in a non-emotional context, although most of our interactions with our environment are emotionally satiated. Our main aim was to propose a hierarchical framework to describe this construct from a macro-level perspective to a more nuanced and micro-level perspective, including three different levels of affective flexibility: elementary, shifting, and generative. Next, we employed this hierarchical framework to examine the role played by affective flexibility in typical development and different forms of developmental psychopathology. Lastly, we discuss how this knowledge could inform future prevention and intervention programs aimed at reducing cognitive vulnerability to developmental psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana Mărcuș
- Human Behaviour and Development Research Lab, Department of Psychology, "Lucian Blaga" University of Sibiu, Sibiu, Romania; Research in Individual Differences and Legal Psychology (RIDDLE) Lab, Department of Psychology, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Rebeca Rusu
- Research in Individual Differences and Legal Psychology (RIDDLE) Lab, Department of Psychology, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Sven C Mueller
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Belgium.
| | - Laura Visu-Petra
- Research in Individual Differences and Legal Psychology (RIDDLE) Lab, Department of Psychology, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Department of Social & Human Research, Romanian Academy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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2
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Uher R, Pavlova B, Najafi S, Adepalli N, Ross B, Howes Vallis E, Freeman K, Parker R, Propper L, Palaniyappan L. Antecedents of major depressive, bipolar, and psychotic disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 160:105625. [PMID: 38494121 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Major depressive, bipolar, or psychotic disorders are preceded by earlier manifestations in behaviours and experiences. We present a synthesis of evidence on associations between person-level antecedents (behaviour, performance, psychopathology) in childhood, adolescence, or early adulthood and later onsets of major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, or psychotic disorder based on prospective studies published up to September 16, 2022. We screened 11,342 records, identified 460 eligible publications, and extracted 570 risk ratios quantifying the relationships between 52 antecedents and onsets in 198 unique samples with prospective follow-up of 122,766 individuals from a mean age of 12.4 to a mean age of 24.8 for 1522,426 person years of follow-up. We completed meta-analyses of 12 antecedents with adequate data. Psychotic symptoms, depressive symptoms, anxiety, disruptive behaviors, affective lability, and sleep problems were transdiagnostic antecedents associated with onsets of depressive, bipolar, and psychotic disorders. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity and hypomanic symptoms specifically predicted bipolar disorder. While transdiagnostic and diagnosis-specific antecedents inform targeted prevention and help understand pathogenic mechanisms, extensive gaps in evidence indicate potential for improving early risk identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf Uher
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
| | - Barbara Pavlova
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Sara Najafi
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Nitya Adepalli
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Briana Ross
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Emily Howes Vallis
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Kathryn Freeman
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Robin Parker
- WK Kellogg Health Sciences Library, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Lukas Propper
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Lena Palaniyappan
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Quebec, Montreal, Canada; Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Canada
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3
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Wu Q. The Degree of Fluctuations in Maternal Depressive Symptoms in Early Childhood is Associated with Children's Depression Risk: Initial Evidence and Replication Between Two Independent Samples. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2024; 52:727-741. [PMID: 38047971 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-023-01159-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Guided by life history theory, the present study examined whether the degree of fluctuations in maternal depressive symptoms in early childhood was prospectively linked to children's risk for depression. This was the first study to present preliminary evidence on this topic and replicated main findings across two large, independent longitudinal samples. Study 1 included 1,364 families where maternal depressive symptoms were longitudinally assessed at child ages 1, 6, 15, 24, and 36, and 54 months, where child depressed/anxious behaviors at Grade 1 were reported. Study 2 included 1,292 families where maternal depressive symptoms were assessed at child ages 2, 6, 15, and 24 months. At 36 months, child internalizing symptoms and inhibitory control were assessed. In Study 1, findings revealed that the degree of fluctuations in maternal depressive symptoms over 54 months was associated with higher child depressed/anxious behaviors at Grade 1, only when mothers had higher but decreasing depressive symptoms. Study 2 revealed that the degree of fluctuations in maternal depressive symptoms over 24 months was related to higher child internalizing symptoms at 36 months, for mothers whose depressive symptoms were higher but decreasing, higher and increasing, and lower and decreasing. In addition, the degree of fluctuations in maternal depressive symptoms over 24 months was related to lower child inhibitory control at 36 months, for mothers who had higher but decreasing depressive symptoms. Findings highlighted the degree of fluctuations in maternal depressive symptoms during early childhood can contribute to environmental unpredictability, which can increase children's depression risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wu
- Department of Human Development & Family Science, College of Education, Health, and Human Sciences, Florida State University, Sandels 322, 120 Convocation Way, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA.
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4
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Sigrist C, Jakob H, Beeretz CJ, Schmidt SJ, Kaess M, Koenig J. Diurnal variation of cardiac autonomic activity in adolescent non-suicidal self-injury. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024; 274:609-628. [PMID: 36871247 PMCID: PMC10995014 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-023-01574-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Heart rate (HR) and vagally mediated heart rate variability (HRV) are two distinct biomarkers of cardiac autonomic activity. Decreased cardiac vagal activity (or decreased HRV) in particular has been linked with impairments in the functional flexibility of the central autonomic network (CAN), resulting in impaired stress and emotion regulatory capacities. Decreased HRV is widely used as trait marker of psychopathology. Repetitive engagement in non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in adolescence correlates with both deficits in stress and emotion regulation, as well as decreased HRV. Existing research has, however, focused on short-term recordings of HR and HRV under resting and phasic conditions. In this study, we examined whether diurnal variation of cardiac autonomic activity, indexed by cosinor parameters of HR and HRV derived from 48 h of ambulatory ECG recording under natural conditions over a weekend, are altered in female adolescents with NSSI disorder compared to controls (HC; N = 30 per study group). Several important confounds, including physical activity, were controlled for. Female adolescents with NSSI show higher rhythm-adjusted 24 h mean levels and greater respective amplitude of HR, as well as lower rhythm-adjusted 24 h mean levels and smaller respective amplitude of HRV. Peak levels in both HR and HRV in the NSSI group were reached approximately 1 h later compared to HC. Severity of exposure to early life maltreatment might be linked with altered amplitudes of 24 h HR and HRV. Diurnal rhythms of cardiac autonomic activity might hold promise as objective indicators of disordered stress and emotion regulation in developmental psychopathology, and as such should be investigated in future studies with rigorous assessment and control of potential confounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Sigrist
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinic and Policlinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Hannah Jakob
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph J Beeretz
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefanie J Schmidt
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael Kaess
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Julian Koenig
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinic and Policlinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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5
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Beeghly M. Toward a multi-level approach to the study of the intergenerational transmission of trauma: Current findings and future directions. Dev Psychopathol 2024:1-6. [PMID: 38516836 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579424000555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
A central goal in the field of developmental psychopathology is to evaluate the complex, dynamic transactions occurring among biological, psychological, and broader social-cultural contexts that predict adaptive and maladaptive outcomes across ontogeny. Here, I briefly review research on the effects of a history of childhood maltreatment on parental, child, and dyadic functioning, along with more recent studies on the intergenerational transmission of trauma. Because the experience and sequelae of child maltreatment and the intergenerational transmission of trauma are embedded in complex biopsychosocial contexts, this research is best conceptualized in a developmental psychopathology framework. Moreover, there is a pressing need for investigators in this area of study to adopt dynamic, multi-level perspectives as well as using developmentally guided, sophisticated research methods. Other directions for research in this field are suggested, including the implementation of collaborative interdisciplinary team science approaches, as well as community-based participatory research, to increase representation, inclusion, and equity of community stakeholders. A greater focus on cultural and global perspectives is also recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie Beeghly
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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Toth SL, Cerulli C, Manly JT. The long and winding road: Pathways from basic research to implementation and evaluation. Dev Psychopathol 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38454781 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579424000452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
In this article, we celebrate Dante Cicchetti's extensive contributions to the discipline of developmental psychopathology. In his seminal article, he articulated why developmental psychopathology was imperative to create research portfolios that could inform the causes, consequences, and trajectories for adults often initiated by early lived experiences (Cicchetti, 1984). In this three-part article, we share our transdisciplinary efforts to use developmental psychopathology as a foundational theory from which to develop, implement, and evaluate interventions for populations who experienced early adversity or who were at risk for child abuse and neglect. After describing interventions conducted at Mt. Hope Family Center that spanned over three decades, we highlight the criticality of disseminating results and address policy implications of this work. We conclude by discussing future directions to facilitate work in developmental psychopathology. Currently, one of three national National Institute of Child Health and Human Development-funded child abuse and neglect centers, we look forward to continuing to build upon Dante's efforts to disseminate this important work to improve society for our children, our nation's often most vulnerable and forgotten citizens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheree L Toth
- Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Catherine Cerulli
- Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Interpersonal Violence, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Susan B. Anthony Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jody Todd Manly
- Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
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7
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Hyde LW, Bezek JL, Michael C. The future of neuroscience in developmental psychopathology. Dev Psychopathol 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38444150 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579424000233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Developmental psychopathology started as an intersection of fields and is now a field itself. As we contemplate the future of this field, we consider the ways in which a newer, interdisciplinary field - human developmental neuroscience - can inform, and be informed by, developmental psychopathology. To do so, we outline principles of developmental psychopathology and how they are and/or can be implemented in developmental neuroscience. In turn, we highlight how the collaboration between these fields can lead to richer models and more impactful translation. In doing so, we describe the ways in which models from developmental psychopathology can enrich developmental neuroscience and future directions for developmental psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke W Hyde
- Department of Psychology, Survey Research Center at the Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jessica L Bezek
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Cleanthis Michael
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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8
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Pluess M. Beyond developmental psychopathology: Positive child development. Dev Psychopathol 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38384187 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579424000294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
The field of developmental psychopathology has made significant contributions to our understanding of both typical and atypical development. However, while there are established theories for developmental psychopathology with detailed criteria for pathological outcomes, there is less agreement regarding development under optimal conditions and the definition of positive outcomes. In this conceptual paper, I make the case that a better understanding of positive child development is crucial because it will not only advance our general knowledge on human development but also complement current work on developmental psychopathology. After defining positive development as the development of positive functioning in children, such as skills, strengths, competencies, and wellbeing, rather than the absence of problems, current concepts with relevance for positive development are reviewed, before highlighting gaps in our knowledge on positive development and suggestions for future research. Although several of the reviewed frameworks provide important contributions to the conceptualization of positive development, most of them focus on positive functioning in adults with limited consideration of development in the early years. More research is needed that specifically targets the development of positive outcomes from early childhood onward in order to develop a more comprehensive and holistic theory of positive child development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Pluess
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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9
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Carr HR, Hall JE, Eisenbarth H, Brandt VC. The bidirectional relationship between head injuries and conduct problems: longitudinal modelling of a population-based birth cohort study. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 33:411-420. [PMID: 36826528 PMCID: PMC10869410 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02175-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Childhood head injuries and conduct problems increase the risk of aggression and criminality and are well-known correlates. However, the direction and timing of their association and the role of their demographic risk factors remain unclear. This study investigates the bidirectional links between both from 3 to 17 years while revealing common and unique demographic risks. A total of 8,603 participants (50.2% female; 83% White ethnicity) from the Millennium Cohort Study were analysed at 6 timepoints from age 3 to 17. Conduct problems were parent-reported for ages 3 to 17 using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and head injuries at ages 3 to 14. A cross-lagged path model estimated the longitudinal bidirectional effects between the two whilst salient demographic risks were modelled cumulatively at three ecological levels (child, mother, and household). Conduct problems at age 5 promoted head injuries between 5 and 7 (Z = 0.07; SE = 0.03; 95% CI, 0.02-0.13), and head injuries at ages 7 to 11 promoted conduct problems at age 14 (ß = .0.06; SE = .0.03; 95% CI, 0.01-0.12). Head injuries were associated with direct child-level risk at age 3, whereas conduct problems were associated with direct risks from all ecological levels until 17 years. The findings suggest a sensitive period at 5-11 years for the bidirectional relationship shared between head injuries and conduct problems. They suggest that demographic risks for increased head injuries play an earlier role than they do for conduct problems. Both findings have implications for intervention timing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah R Carr
- School of Psychology, Centre for Innovation in Mental Health, University of Southampton, University Road, Highfield Campus, Building 44, Southampton, SO17 1PS, UK.
| | - James E Hall
- Southampton Education School, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Hedwig Eisenbarth
- School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
| | - Valerie C Brandt
- School of Psychology, Centre for Innovation in Mental Health, University of Southampton, University Road, Highfield Campus, Building 44, Southampton, SO17 1PS, UK
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10
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Kuhlman KR. Pitfalls and potential: Translating the two-hit model of early life stress from pre-clinical non-human experiments to human samples. Brain Behav Immun Health 2024; 35:100711. [PMID: 38169793 PMCID: PMC10758720 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2023.100711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Exposure to early life stress (ELS) has been linked to at least double the risk of psychopathology as well as higher morbidity and earlier mortality across the lifespan. For this reason, the field of developmental psychopathology has spent decades identifying factors that explain which individuals are at risk for negative health outcomes. Preclinical experiments in this field commonly test the "two-hit hypothesis", which explores how ELS potentiates vulnerability to pathogenic physiological and behavioral outcomes when an individual is exposed to a stressor later in development. Yet, translation of the two-hit hypothesis to humans is conceptually and practically challenging, thus impeding progress in the field. This review summarizes the two-hit hypothesis used in preclinical experiments as it pertains to two putative pathways linking ELS to psychopathology: the innate immune and neuroendocrine systems. This review also identifies important considerations when translating this model to humans and provides several recommendations. Specifically, attention to the "biological salience" of different forms of ELA and the concordance of that salience with later probes of the system are needed. Further, the consequences of ELS may be context-specific rather than ubiquitous, at least among young people. Within this conceptualization, "second hits" may be best operationalized using standardized acute challenges to the innate immune and neuroendocrine systems (e.g., psychosocial stress). Third, more explicit reporting of sex differences in the human literature is needed. Finally, preclinical experimental designs that more accurately reflect the natural occurrence of ELS in community samples will more effectively advance the understanding of developmental mechanisms that occur as a consequence of ELS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Ryan Kuhlman
- Department of Psychological Science, School of Social Ecology, University of California Irvine, USA
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, USA
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11
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Evans SC, Hamilton JL, Boyd SI, Karlovich AR, Ladouceur CD, Silk JS, Bylsma LM. Daily Associations Between Sleep and Affect in Youth at Risk for Psychopathology: The Moderating Role of Externalizing Symptoms. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2024; 52:35-50. [PMID: 37405590 PMCID: PMC10766867 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-023-01087-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Problems with sleep, emotion regulation, and externalizing psychopathology are interrelated, but little is known about their day-to-day associations in youth. We examined self-reported daily sleep quality as a bidirectional predictor of next-day positive and negative affect (PA/NA), with externalizing symptoms as a moderator. Data were drawn from an ecological momentary assessment (EMA) study involving 82 youths (ages 9-13; 50% female; 44% White, 37% Black/African American) at high (n = 41) or low (n = 41) familial risk for psychopathology. Parents rated youths' externalizing symptoms at baseline. Youths then completed a 9-day EMA protocol, reporting sleep quality 1x/day and affect 4-8x/day. Daily means, peaks, and variability in PA and NA were computed. Multilevel models examined bidirectional associations between sleep and affect (between- and within-person), testing externalizing symptoms as a moderator and controlling for age and sex. In models of sleep predicting affect: Within-person, poorer-than-usual sleep quality predicted greater variability and higher peaks in next-day NA, but only for youth with higher levels of externalizing symptoms. Between-person, poor sleep quality and higher levels of externalizing symptoms predicted lower mean and peak PA. In models of affect predicting sleep: Within-person, lower-than-usual mean PA predicted poorer subsequent sleep quality, but only for youth with higher levels of externalizing symptoms. Between-person, youths with higher mean and peak PA had better sleep quality. These findings suggest that affective functioning is bidirectionally linked to daily self-reported sleep quality among high- and low-risk youth. Specific disturbances in daily sleep-affect cycles may be distinctly associated with externalizing psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer C Evans
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | | | | | | | - Cecile D Ladouceur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer S Silk
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lauren M Bylsma
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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12
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Warmingham J, Petrenko C, Rockhold M, Alto M, Manly JT, Toth S. Investigating the associations between prenatal exposure to substances and intergenerational maltreatment and symptoms of psychopathology for adolescent girls from families with low income. Child Abuse Negl 2024; 147:106594. [PMID: 38086214 PMCID: PMC10843548 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent girls whose families experience poverty are more vulnerable to psychopathology, and it is vital to investigate biopsychosocial factors contributing to mental health functioning. OBJECTIVE To test associations between prenatal exposure to substances, intergenerational maltreatment, and adolescent mental health symptoms. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Baseline data were used from a randomized controlled trial testing the efficacy of Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT-A) for depression among girls with and without maltreatment exposure. Adolescents (Aged 13-16; 63.5 % Black/African-American, 21.0 % White, 15.57 % other racial identity; 12.57 % Latina/x) were recruited from families experiencing financial adversity (income <200 % poverty threshold). METHODS Adolescent maltreatment status was determined by using multiple sources (child protective service records, parental report, and adolescent report). Mothers reported on prenatal substance exposure, experiences of maltreatment in their own childhood, and rated adolescent internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Latent Class Analysis was used to determine common patterns of prenatal substance exposure (tobacco, alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine). Structural Equation Modeling was used to evaluate associations between maltreatment in two generations, prenatal exposure to substances, and adolescent mental health symptoms. RESULTS Two profiles of prenatal substance exposure emerged: one typified by low substance exposure (92.8 %), and one with moderate to high substance exposure (7.2 %). Both prenatal substance exposure and maternal history of maltreatment were associated with adolescent maltreatment, which in turn, was associated with greater adolescent externalizing symptoms. Parental history of maltreatment was directly associated with greater adolescent internalizing symptoms. CONCLUSION Prenatal exposure to substances and intergenerational maltreatment each confer risk for mental health symptoms in adolescent girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Warmingham
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States of America.
| | - Christie Petrenko
- Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States of America.
| | - Madeline Rockhold
- Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Michelle Alto
- Baker Center for Children and Families, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Jody Todd Manly
- Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Sheree Toth
- Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States of America
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13
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Carr HR, Hall JE, Brandt VC. Adolescent delinquency following co-occurring childhood head injuries and conduct problem symptoms: findings from a UK longitudinal birth cohort. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2023:10.1007/s00787-023-02335-0. [PMID: 38153523 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02335-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Childhood conduct problems and head injuries share a bidirectional association, but how this affects the risk of adolescent delinquency is unknown. Due to their similar underlying mechanisms (i.e. increased impulsivity), this study aims to identify whether their co-occurrence increases the risk of adolescent delinquency. Data was obtained from 11,272 children at age 14 and 10,244 at age 17 years enrolled in the UK Millennium Cohort Study. Conduct problem symptoms (via the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire) and head injuries were parent reported from ages 3 to 14 years. Delinquency was self-reported at ages 14 and 17 including substance use, criminality, and antisocial behaviour. Incident rate ratios (IRR) were estimated for delinquency at ages 14 and 17 by childhood conduct problem and head injury status. Co-occurring head injuries and high conduct problem symptoms presented the greatest risk for overall delinquency and substance use at age 14 compared to those with the presence of one or neither (IRRs from 1.20 to 1.60). At age 17, conduct problems (with or without co-occurring head injuries) presented the greatest risk for overall delinquency, substance use, and antisocial behaviour. There was no evidence for an increased risk of delinquency at ages 14 or 17 following a head injury only. Whilst these findings suggest childhood head injuries alone do not increase the risk of adolescent delinquency, when co-occurring alongside high conduct problem symptoms there is a heightened earlier risk. These results provide further insight into adolescent delinquency and the outcomes of co-occurring childhood head injury and conduct problem symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah R Carr
- School of Psychology, Centre for Innovation in Mental Health, University of Southampton, University Road, Highfield Campus, Building 44, Southampton, SO17 1PS, UK.
| | - James E Hall
- Southampton Education School, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Valerie C Brandt
- School of Psychology, Centre for Innovation in Mental Health, University of Southampton, University Road, Highfield Campus, Building 44, Southampton, SO17 1PS, UK
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
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14
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Narayan AJ, Merrick JS, Lane AS, Larson MD. A multisystem, dimensional interplay of assets versus adversities: Revised benevolent childhood experiences (BCEs) in the context of childhood maltreatment, threat, and deprivation. Dev Psychopathol 2023; 35:2444-2463. [PMID: 37282577 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579423000536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study expanded the Benevolent Childhood Experiences scale (termed the "BCEs-Original" scale) with 10 new multisystem items and identified a subset of items (termed the "BCEs-Revised" scale) that are systematically less commonly reported across samples. Total BCEs-Revised scores were tested against total BCEs-Original scores and three dimensions of childhood adversity (maltreatment, threat, and deprivation) as predictors of young adulthood mental health problems (depression, anxiety, and PTSD symptoms). Hypotheses expected stronger inverse associations of BCEs-Revised scores than BCEs-Original scores with all mental health problems. Participants were 1,746 U.S. young adults (M = 26.6 years, SD = 4.7, range = 19-35 years; 55.3% female, 42.4% male, 2.3% gender non-conforming; 67.0% White, 10.3% Asian, 8.6% Black, 8.4% Latine, 5.7% other) who completed a 20-item BCEs scale and well-validated instruments on childhood adversities and mental health problems. Compared to BCEs-Original scores, BCEs-Revised scores were significantly more strongly inversely associated with all mental health outcomes. Compared to childhood threat and deprivation, maltreatment was significantly more strongly associated with PTSD symptoms. After controlling for current depression symptoms, BCEs-Revised scores interacted with maltreatment to predict PTSD symptoms. Maltreatment and BCEs-Revised scores also influenced PTSD symptoms in person-oriented analyses. The BCEs-Revised scale has strong psychometric properties and unique strengths in research and practice. Implications for multisystem resilience are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Arianna S Lane
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
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15
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Yu RA, Goulter N, Godwin JW, McMahon RJ. Child and Adolescent Psychopathology and Subsequent Harmful Behaviors Associated with Premature Mortality: A Selective Review and Future Directions. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2023; 26:1008-1024. [PMID: 37819404 DOI: 10.1007/s10567-023-00459-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
In the United States (U.S.), premature mortality in adulthood from suicide, alcohol-related disease, and substance overdoses has increased steadily over the past two decades. To better understand these trends, it is necessary to first examine the harmful behaviors that often precede these preventable deaths (i.e., suicidal ideation and attempts, and harmful alcohol and substance use). Representing critical developmental periods in which psychopathology is most likely to emerge, childhood and adolescence provide an informative lens through which to investigate susceptibility to harmful behaviors. This article synthesizes current evidence describing these rising U.S. mortality rates and the prevalence rates of harmful behaviors linked to these types of mortality. A brief selective review of longitudinal research on harmful behaviors in relation to the most relevant categories of child and adolescent psychopathology is then provided. Finally, recommendations for future research and implications for prevention are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachelle A Yu
- Simon Fraser University and B.C. Children's Hospital, Burnaby, Canada.
| | | | | | - Robert J McMahon
- Simon Fraser University and B.C. Children's Hospital, Burnaby, Canada
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16
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Liu K, Thompson RC, Watson J, Montena AL, Warren SL. Developmental Trajectories of Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms in Youth and Associated Gender Differences: A Directed Network Perspective. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2023; 51:1627-1639. [PMID: 37548898 PMCID: PMC10627904 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-023-01106-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Psychopathology in youth is highly prevalent and associated with psychopathology in adulthood. However, the developmental trajectories of psychopathology symptoms, including potential gender differences, are markedly underspecified. The present study employed a directed network approach to investigate longitudinal relationships and gender differences among eight transdiagnostic symptom domains across three years, in a homogenous age sample of youth participants (n = 6,414; mean baseline age = 10.0 years; 78.6% White; Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study). Anxious/depressed problems and aggressive behaviors were central symptoms and most predictive of increases in other symptom clusters at later timepoints. Rule-breaking behaviors, aggressive behaviors, and withdrawn/depressed problems emerged as bridge symptoms between externalizing and internalizing problems. Results supported cascade models in which externalizing problems predicted future internalizing problems, but internalizing problems also significantly predicted future externalizing problems, which is contrary to cascade models. Network structure, symptom centrality, and patterns of bridge symptoms differed between female and male participants, suggesting gender differences in the developmental trajectories of youth psychopathology. Results provide new insights into symptom trajectories and associated gender differences that may provide promising pathways for understanding disorder (dis)continuity and co-occurrence. The central and bridge symptoms identified here may have important implications for screening and early intervention for youth psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Liu
- Department of Psychology, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Ryan C Thompson
- Department of Psychology, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Jessica Watson
- Department of Psychology, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | | | - Stacie L Warren
- Department of Psychology, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
- Department of Psychology, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, TX, Richardson, USA.
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17
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Dooley N, Healy C, Cotter D, Clarke M, Cannon M. The persistent effects of foetal growth on child and adolescent mental health: longitudinal evidence from a large population-based cohort. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2023; 32:2067-2076. [PMID: 35861893 PMCID: PMC10533650 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-022-02045-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Low birth weight for one's gestational age is associated with higher rates of child psychopathology, however, most studies assess psychopathology cross-sectionally. The effect of such foetal growth restriction appears to be strongest for attention problems in childhood, although adult studies have found associations with a range of outcomes, from depression to psychosis. We explore how associations between foetal growth and psychopathology change across age, and whether they vary by sex. We used a large nationally representative cohort of children from Ireland (N ~ 8000). Parents completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) at 3 time points (age 9, 13 and 17). Outcomes included a total problems scale and subscales measuring attention/hyperactivity, peer, conduct and emotional problems. Foetal growth had significant associations with all problem scales, even after controlling for sex, socioeconomic factors and parental mental health. The magnitude of these effects was small but relatively stable across ages 9-17. In males, foetal growth had the strongest associations with attention/hyperactivity and peer problems, whereas females showed more widespread associations with all four subscales. There was a trend for the association between foetal growth and emotional problems to increase with advancing age, approaching the borderline-abnormal threshold by age 17. Reduced foetal growth predicted persistently higher scores on all measured aspects of child and adolescent psychopathology. Associations with child attention/hyperactivity may generalize to a wider array of adult psychopathologies via adolescent-onset emotional problems. Future studies should explore potential age-dependent effects of foetal growth into the early 20s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh Dooley
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Colm Healy
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David Cotter
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mary Clarke
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Psychology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mary Cannon
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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18
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Steinberg JS, Morris SH, Jaffee SR. 'Excessive and Unreasonable': The Relation Between Clinical Insight and Clinical Correlates and Treatment Outcomes in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Across the Life Course. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2023:10.1007/s10578-023-01548-3. [PMID: 37268797 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-023-01548-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with mental disorders possess varying levels of clinical insight-the degree to which one understands that they are afflicted with a mental disorder and that their symptoms are manifestations of this psychopathology. Although clinical insight in OCD is thought to play an especially important role in determining various clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes, insight has not been sufficiently addressed developmentally, the importance of which this review will elucidate. Findings from this review suggest that clinical insight is typically associated with more complex cases and worse treatment outcomes across the life course, and also reveal nuances between pediatric and adult OCD cases with low insight. Implications of these findings, future research directions, and recommendations for the field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua S Steinberg
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, William James Hall, 33 Kirkland Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
| | - Sarah H Morris
- Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Sara R Jaffee
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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19
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Harris F, Dean K, Watkeys OJ, Laurens KR, Tzoumakis S, Carr VJ, Green MJ. Conditions of Birth and Early Childhood Developmental Risk for Mental Disorders. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2023:10.1007/s10578-023-01549-2. [PMID: 37270433 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-023-01549-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Distinct classes of children in the general population are at increased odds of later mental illness and other adverse outcomes according to patterns of early childhood developmental vulnerability. If certain risk factors known at the time of birth are reliably associated with membership in early childhood risk classes, then preventative interventions could be initiated in the earliest years of life. Associations between 14 factors known at the time of birth and membership in early childhood risk classes were examined in 66,464 children. Risk class membership was associated with maternal mental illness, parental criminal charges and being male; distinct patterns of association were shown for some conditions, for example, prenatal child protection notification was uniquely associated with misconduct risk'. These findings suggest that risk factors known at the time of birth could assist in very early detection of children who may benefit from early intervention in the first 2000 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicity Harris
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kimberlie Dean
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Justice Health & Forensic Mental Network, Matraville, NSW, Australia
| | - Oliver J Watkeys
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kristin R Laurens
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Stacy Tzoumakis
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Griffith Criminology Institute, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
- School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - Vaughan J Carr
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Melissa J Green
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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20
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Lawless J, Tarren-Sweeney M. Alignment of Borderline Personality Disorder and Complex Post-traumatic Stress Disorder With Complex Developmental Symptomatology. J Child Adolesc Trauma 2023; 16:433-446. [PMID: 37234826 PMCID: PMC10205943 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-022-00445-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Cluster analysis of maltreatment-related mental health symptoms manifested by adolescents in foster care suggest the absence of an underlying taxonomic structure. To test this further, we investigated alignment between mental health symptom profiles derived through cluster analysis and nominal diagnosis of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) and Complex Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (C-PTSD), among a sample of 230 adolescents in long-term foster care. Nominal DSM-V BPD and ICD-11 C-PTSD caseness was estimated from Child Behaviour Checklist and Assessment Checklist for Adolescents score algorithms, and alignment of case assignment with previously-derived symptom profiles was examined. Nineteen BPD and three C-PTSD nominal cases were identified. Low C-PTSD prevalence reflected low concordance between PTSD and 'disturbances in self organization' (DSO) case assignment. The BPD and C-PTSD cases were aligned to more complex and severe symptom profiles. While the complex and severe presentations identified in the present study included core symptoms and clinical signs of BPD, they were also characterised by clinical-level inattention/over-activity and conduct problems. The present findings provide some support for the validity of the BPD construct for describing complex and severe psychopathology manifested by adolescents in foster care, and no support for the C-PTSD construct. However, the symptom profiles point to high variability in combinations of multiple symptom types that does not conform to traditional definitions of a 'diagnosable' mental disorder. Further research is needed to determine if complex post-maltreatment symptomatology can be validly conceptualised as one or more complex disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Lawless
- School of Health Sciences, Canterbury University, Christchurch, New Zealand
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21
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Abstract
The article describes an investigation of the nature, patterns and complexity of carer-reported mental health symptoms for a population sample (N = 230) of adolescents (age 12-17) placed in long-term foster and kinship care following chronic and severe maltreatment. Two cluster analyses of Child Behaviour Checklist DSM-oriented (CBCL-DSM) and Assessment Checklist for Adolescents sub-scale scores of clinical cases were performed. The first yielded 8 profiles of attachment- and trauma-related symptoms as measured across eight ACA scales (N = 113 cases). The second yielded 11 profiles of a broader range of symptoms, as measured across five CBCL-DSM and five ACA sub-scales (N = 141 cases). The symptom profiles derived from both cluster analyses are differentiated more by symptom severity and complexity, than by symptom specificity - suggesting that trauma- and attachment-related symptomatology does not conform to a taxonomy of discrete disorders. Five of the 11 CBCL-DSM/ACA profiles describe severe and complex symptomatology that does not correspond to discrete DSM-5 or ICD-11 diagnoses. Accurate measurement and formulation of clinical phenomena is an essential component of evidence-based psychological and psychiatric practice. Clinicians who carry out mental health assessments of children and adolescents in care should be aware of the limits of the diagnostic classification systems for formulating complex attachment- and trauma-related symptomatology.
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22
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Wu Q, Cui M. How much maternal sensitivity is adaptive: Fear temperament, high-intensity fear, and preschooler's behavioral problems. J Affect Disord 2023; 328:200-209. [PMID: 36806599 PMCID: PMC10006390 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current study focused on the role of temperament and parenting in contributing to high-intensity fear during toddlerhood and its impact on behavioral problems in the preschool age. METHODS A sample of 1292 low-income rural families were recruited, where infant fear temperament at 6 months old and toddler's fear expressions at 15 months old were observed and assessed. Maternal sensitivity was also observed and assessed at both time points. Mothers rated their children's behavioral problems at 36 months old. RESULTS A path model revealed quadratic effects of maternal sensitivity on the development of high-intensity fear at 15 months, in that a moderate level of maternal sensitivity was linked with higher high-intensity fear for children with extra high temperamental fear, while high and low levels of maternal sensitivity were linked with higher high-intensity fear for those with extra low temperamental fear. A quadratic effect was also found, where high maternal sensitivity channeled toddlers with low normal fear towards internalizing behaviors at 36 months. Finally, a quadratic effect suggested that high maternal sensitivity increased the risks for externalizing behaviors at 36 months for toddlers with high versus low levels of high-intensity fear. LIMITATIONS The low-income, rural community sample limited study generalizability. CONCLUSIONS These findings speak to the complexity of person-environment interactions in the development of fear and associated behavioral problems, with implications for future research and intervention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wu
- Department of Human Development & Family Science, College of Health and Human Sciences, Florida State University, Sandels 225, 120 Convocation Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306, United States of America.
| | - Ming Cui
- Department of Human Development & Family Science, College of Health and Human Sciences, Florida State University, Sandels 225, 120 Convocation Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306, United States of America
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23
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Jansen K, Grellert M, Nexha A, Oses JP, Silva RAD, Souza LDDM, Kapczinski F, Frey BN, de Azevedo Cardoso T. Biological rhythms disruption mediates the association between mother's diagnosis of bipolar disorder and offspring's emotional/behavioral problems. J Affect Disord 2023; 327:230-235. [PMID: 36736792 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.01.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study assesses whether the association between diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder (BD) in mothers and emotional and behavioral problems (EBP) in their offspring is mediated by a disruption in the offspring's biological rhythms. METHODS A probabilistic sample of 492 public school children (ages 7-8, 48 % female) were assessed for biological rhythms disruption and EBP using the Biological Rhythms Interview for Assessment in Neuropsychiatry for Kids and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, respectively. Mothers' mental health (BD = 64) was evaluated using a standardized clinical interview. A mediation analysis was conducted to assess the effect of the mother's diagnosis of BD on the EBP of their offspring in relation to the offspring's biological rhythms disruptions. RESULTS When compared to offspring of mothers without BD, offspring of mothers with BD showed greater difficulty in maintaining biological rhythms and higher prevalence of EBP. Using the presence of EBP as the outcome, 75 % of the effect of mother's BD diagnosis was mediated by offspring's biological rhythms disruption. CONCLUSIONS Biological rhythms disruption in children fully mediates the effect of the mother's diagnosis of BD on the child's EBP. These data encourage the development of further studies to find effective strategies to prevent and treat biological rhythms disruption in offspring of mothers with BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Jansen
- Health and Behavior Department, Catholic University of Pelotas, Brazil; Cogniciência, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Mateus Grellert
- Departamento de Informática e Estatística, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Adile Nexha
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Canada
| | - Jean Pierre Oses
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Brazil
| | | | | | - Flavio Kapczinski
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Canada; Bipolar Disorder Program, Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Benicio N Frey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Canada; Women's Health Concerns Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Canada
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24
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Cavicchioli M, Tobia V, Ogliari A. Emotion Regulation Strategies as Risk Factors for Developmental Psychopathology: a Meta-analytic Review of Longitudinal Studies based on Cross-lagged Correlations and Panel Models. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2023; 51:295-315. [PMID: 36208360 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-022-00980-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Cross-sectional relationships between emotion regulation strategies (ERSs) and several psychopathological conditions among children and adolescents have been well-demonstrated. However, the longitudinal associations of ERSs on psychopathological manifestations during development remain unclear, especially considering their reciprocal influences over time. This meta-analytic review was based on a set of ERSs referring to a comprehensive evidence-based model of ER processes. Three hundred thirty-five studies were screened. The meta-analytic procedures were based on 60 studies (N = 20, 191; age: M [SD] = 10.27 [4.36]; years of follow-up: M [SD] = 2.23 [2.76]), which primarily assessed prospective associations between ERt1 and internalizing/externalizing psychopathology (PSY)t2. The cross-lagged correlations among these variables were also considered. Results showed: i) a small prospective association between ERt1 and PSY t2, which was independent of age and length of follow-up period. Adaptive and maladaptive domains of ER were significant moderators. Deficits in adaptive ER seemed more associated to externalizing PSY, whereas maladaptive ER was more associated to internalizing PSY; ii) cross-lagged correlations were comparable with ERt1 - PSY t2 associations. Nevertheless, the detrimental effects of PSY t1 on levels of adaptive ERt2 were larger than the protective effects of adaptive ERt1 on PSYt2. iii) When the other cross-lagged correlations were controlled for, the meta-analytic cross-lagged panel model demonstrated that maladaptive ERt1 was a significant predictor of PSYt2. ER processes should be considered transdiagnostic risk factors for psychopathology during development. Homotypic and heterotypic continuity of psychopathological conditions might reflect the stability or dynamic organization of adaptive and maladaptive ERSs over time.
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25
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Allen B. Etiological Perspectives on Problematic Sexual Behavior of Preteen Children: Implications for Treatment. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2023; 26:50-64. [PMID: 36094684 DOI: 10.1007/s10567-022-00412-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Problematic sexual behavior (PSB) among preteen children is a poorly understood clinical phenomenon that may leave even the most skilled and knowledgeable of clinicians at a loss when attempting to develop an evidence-based treatment approach. Much of this lack of practical direction can be credited to the relatively scarce clinical trial research examining this outcome. Nonetheless, the etiological research on PSB provides clearer directions and suggests the implementation of already well-established interventions may be effective. This paper reviews the current state of the etiological research pertaining to PSB and places these findings within developmental psychopathology, social learning theory, and post-traumatic stress disorder symptomatology frameworks. Specific treatment directives derived from these three viewpoints are then reviewed, including a review of the current evidence base for the treatment of PSB. Finally, a treatment planning algorithm is specified to help clinicians identify the most beneficial approach to treating PSB in a given case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Allen
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
- Center for the Protection of Children, Penn State Children's Hospital, Hershey, PA, USA.
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26
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Gutteridge TP, Kelly AB, Laurens KR. Increased likelihood of distressing and functionally impairing psychotic-like experiences among children with co-occurring internalising and externalising problems. Schizophr Res 2023; 252:225-230. [PMID: 36681045 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Among children with psychotic-like experiences (PLEs), the presence of co-occurring psychopathology may distinguish children's self-report of clinically significant experiences (i.e., PLEs that are distressing and/or impairing of daily functioning) from reports of more benign experiences. The aim of this study was to examine whether the likelihood of distressing or impairing PLEs differed according to type of co-occurring psychopathology symptoms. A community sample of 5268 children aged 9-12 years were recruited from Greater London, UK. Participants completed the Psychotic-Like Experiences Questionnaire for Children, and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire to measure internalising and externalising problems. Multinomial logistic regressions were used to determine the likelihood of PLEs being distressing and/or impairing (vs. not) among children with different co-occurring symptom profiles (PLEs only; PLEs with internalising problems only - PLE-I; PLEs with externalising problems only - PLE-E; and PLEs with both internalising and externalising problems - PLE-IE). Children with co-occurring internalising and/or externalising problems had greater odds of distressing and/or impairing PLEs compared to children without co-occurring psychopathology (PLEs only). These associations were moderate for PLE-E and strong for PLE-I and PLE-IE, with the greatest odds of distressing and impairing PLEs evident in the presence of internalising plus externalising comorbidities (odds ratios [with 99 % confidence intervals] for PLE-IE relative to PLE-I = 2.00 [1.34-2.99]; PLE-IE relative to PLE-E = 5.46 [3.78-7.90]). These results affirm the importance of screening for the presence and type of co-occurring psychopathology among children with PLEs to demarcate potentially different treatment needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany P Gutteridge
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), School of Psychology and Counselling, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Adrian B Kelly
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), School of Psychology and Counselling, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Centre for Child Health and Well-being, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Centre for Inclusive Education (C4IE), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kristin R Laurens
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), School of Psychology and Counselling, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Centre for Child Health and Well-being, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Centre for Inclusive Education (C4IE), Brisbane, QLD, Australia; King's College London, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London, UK.
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Wiglesworth A, Fiecas MB, Xu M, Neher AT, Padilla L, Carosella KA, Roediger DJ, Mueller BA, Luciana M, Klimes-Dougan B, Cullen KR. Sex and age variations in the impact of puberty on cortical thickness and associations with internalizing symptoms and suicidal ideation in early adolescence. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2023; 59:101195. [PMID: 36621021 PMCID: PMC9849871 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The childhood-to-adolescence transition is a notable period of change including pubertal development, neurodevelopment, and psychopathology onset, that occurs in divergent patterns between sexes. This study examined the effects of sex and puberty on cortical thickness (CT) in children and explored whether CT changes over time related to emergence of psychopathology in early adolescence. METHODS We used longitudinal data (baseline ages 9-10 and Year 2 [Y2] ages 11-12) from the ABCD Study (n = 9985). Linear and penalized function-on-function regressions modeled the impact of puberty, as it interacts with sex, on CT. Focusing on regions that showed sex differences, linear and logistic regressions modeled associations between change in CT and internalizing problems and suicide ideation. RESULTS We identified significant sex differences in the inverse relation between puberty and CT in fifteen primarily posterior brain regions. Nonlinear pubertal effects across age were identified in the fusiform, isthmus cingulate, paracentral, and precuneus. All effects were stronger for females relative to males during this developmental window. We did not identify associations between CT change and early adolescent clinical outcomes. CONCLUSION During this age range, puberty is most strongly associated with regional changes in CT in females, which may have implications for the later emergence of psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark B Fiecas
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, USA
| | - Meng Xu
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, USA
| | - Aidan T Neher
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, USA
| | - Laura Padilla
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, USA
| | | | - Donovan J Roediger
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, USA
| | - Bryon A Mueller
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, USA
| | - Monica Luciana
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, USA
| | | | - Kathryn R Cullen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, USA
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Lenzenweger MF. Proximal Processes, Temperament, and Pathological Narcissism: An Empirical Exploration from the Longitudinal Study of Personality Disorders. Psychopathology 2023; 56:41-51. [PMID: 35609557 DOI: 10.1159/000524796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It is argued that all personality pathology represents the final emergent product of a complex interaction of underlying neurobehavioral systems, which are reflected in personality factors, in conjunction with environmental inputs. Neurobehavioral systems manifest themselves in dispositional temperament and personality processes. Environmental inputs include, obviously, interpersonal relationships (e.g., parenting, social, and mentoring relations) as well as other factors such as abuse, neglect, and/or environmental insults (e.g., economic hardship, deprivation). Narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) is hypothesized to reflect both dispositional and environmental inputs to its pathogenesis. Temperament and personality-based theorizing regarding NPD proposes high dispositional levels of anger and related temperament features that could shape early development and subsequent NPD. Many classic theorists (e.g., Freud, Kernberg, Kohut, Miller) have also proposed that profound parenting failures are implicated in the emergence of NPD, each suggesting some failure in proper engagement and responsivity with the developing child. Such a failure in parenting can be thought of as reflecting diminished proximal process engagement with the developing child. METHOD Using data from the Longitudinal Study of Personality Disorders, the present study examines both proximal process and temperament factors in relation to clinically significant NPD features from a prospective perspective. RESULTS Results suggest that both proximal process and temperament (notably anger) factors independently predict the level of NPD features over time. CONCLUSION Both interpersonal relationships and temperament should be considered in models of etiology of NPD, it is not just one or the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark F Lenzenweger
- Department of Psychology, The State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.,Personality Disorders Institute, The New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Westchester Division, White Plains, New York, USA
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29
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Fleck L, Fuchs A, Kaess M. The Significance of Relationships in Developmental Psychopathology and Youth Mental Health. Psychopathology 2023; 56:5-7. [PMID: 36787698 DOI: 10.1159/000529417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Fleck
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Fuchs
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Kaess
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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30
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Yu RA, Goulter N, McMahon RJ. Longitudinal Associations between Parental Warmth, Harsh Discipline, Child Emotion Regulation, and ODD Dimensions. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2022; 53:1266-1280. [PMID: 34148149 PMCID: PMC8684556 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-021-01205-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Research has yet to investigate the mediating role of emotion regulation in the relation between parental warmth and harsh discipline with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). Further, few studies have investigated ODD as both a unitary construct and as three distinct dimensions (anger, defiance, spitefulness). Thus, the present study aimed to investigate child emotion regulation (grade 2) as a mediator of the relation between parental warmth and harsh discipline (kindergarten, grade 1, grade 2) and ODD and its dimensions (grade 3). Participants included the high-risk and normative samples from the Fast Track project (N = 753, male = 58 %, Black = 46 %). Constructs were assessed using observation and parent and teacher reports. Although results demonstrated an absence of indirect effects, emotion regulation was negatively associated with overall ODD and anger and defiance, but not spitefulness. Findings illustrate how increased attention toward the study of ODD as distinct dimensions contributes to our ability to parse out heterogeneity among children with the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachelle A Yu
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Natalie Goulter
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Robert J McMahon
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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31
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Thakur H, Stutts M, Choi JW, Temple JR, Cohen JR. Adolescent Loneliness during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Pre-Pandemic Risk Factors. Child Indic Res 2022; 16:617-639. [PMID: 36310919 PMCID: PMC9589684 DOI: 10.1007/s12187-022-09984-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The COVID-19 pandemic is a global mental health crisis that disproportionately impacts adolescents. Loneliness is a particularly salient pandemic psychosocial outcome to understand; however, research to date on this outcome is sparse and largely cross-sectional. In response, we examined pre-pandemic risk factors for pandemic loneliness. Further, we examined how risk may differ based on key demographics, and whether mediation or moderation models best explained potential disparities in experiencing loneliness. Self-reported, pre-pandemic mental health, trauma exposure, and family conflict survey data were collected at Wave 1 in a diverse sample of 369 adolescents (54.5% female, 45.5% male; 30.1% White; 30.9% Black; 18.4% Hispanic; Mage = 15.04; SD age = 1.10). Subsequently, self-reported experiences of loneliness during the pandemic were collected 6 months (April-June 2020) and 12 months (October-December 2020) later. Using a regression-based framework (i.e., PROCESS), we tested (a) which pre-pandemic risks uniquely predicted prospective loneliness and (b) whether loneliness risk was elevated for certain identities (i.e., mediation models) or whether certain identities were more sensitive to specific risks (i.e., moderation models). Overall, pre-pandemic depressive and aggression symptoms predicted early pandemic loneliness (6-month follow-up), whereas anxiety symptoms specifically predicted mid-pandemic loneliness (12-month follow-up). Environmental stressors were moderated by gender, such that females with pre-pandemic trauma exposure were more likely to report pandemic loneliness. Further, pre-pandemic internalizing distress for girls and externalizing symptoms for boys, reflected gender-specific pathways for loneliness. Implications for mental health prevention in the wake of national disasters are discussed. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12187-022-09984-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hena Thakur
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820 USA
| | - Morgan Stutts
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820 USA
| | - Jae Wan Choi
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820 USA
| | - Jeff R. Temple
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX USA
| | - Joseph R. Cohen
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820 USA
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Boone K, Vogel AC, Tillman R, Wright AJ, Barch DM, Luby JL, Whalen DJ. Identifying moderating factors during the preschool period in the development of borderline personality disorder: a prospective longitudinal analysis. Borderline Personal Disord Emot Dysregul 2022; 9:26. [PMID: 36109772 PMCID: PMC9479250 DOI: 10.1186/s40479-022-00198-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite a growing literature detailing early childhood risk factors for borderline personality disorder (BPD), few studies have examined moderating factors that might mitigate or exacerbate the effects of those risk factors. The current study examined whether three preschool-age characteristics-impulsivity, emotional lability, and initiative-taking-moderated the relationship between known preschool-age risk factors and adolescent BPD symptoms. METHODS We performed multilevel modeling analyses in a sample (n = 151) from the Preschool Depression Study, a prospective longitudinal study with assessments from preschool through adolescence. Preschool risk factors included adverse childhood experiences, internalizing symptoms, and externalizing symptoms measured with parent clinical interviews. Preschool moderating factors were assessed via parent report and observational coding of temperament and behavior. The Borderline Personality Features Scale for Children measured BPD symptoms in adolescence. RESULTS We found that observed initiative-taking moderated the relationship between preschool internalizing symptoms and adolescent BPD symptoms (b = 0.57, p = .011) and moderated the relationship between preschool externalizing symptoms and adolescent BPD symptoms (b = 1.42, p = .013). Greater initiative-taking was associated with lower BPD risk for children with high internalizing or externalizing symptoms. Conversely, for children with low internalizing or externalizing symptoms, greater initiative-taking was associated with increased BPD risk. CONCLUSIONS We identify a potential moderating factor in BPD development, offer novel targets for screening and intervention, and provide a framework for using early childhood observational assessments in BPD research. Our findings suggest the need for future research on early moderating factors in BPD development, which could inform early childhood interventions targeting those factors to mitigate the effects of potentially less malleable risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Boone
- Department of Psychology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alecia C Vogel
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, 4444 Forest Park, Suite 2100, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | - Rebecca Tillman
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, 4444 Forest Park, Suite 2100, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | - Amanda J Wright
- Department of Psychology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, 4444 Forest Park, Suite 2100, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | - Joan L Luby
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, 4444 Forest Park, Suite 2100, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | - Diana J Whalen
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, 4444 Forest Park, Suite 2100, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA.
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Sawrikar V, Macbeth A, Gillespie-Smith K, Brown M, Lopez-Williams A, Boulton K, Guestella A, Hickie I. Transdiagnostic Clinical Staging for Childhood Mental Health: An Adjunctive Tool for Classifying Internalizing and Externalizing Syndromes that Emerge in Children Aged 5-11 Years. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2022; 25:613-626. [PMID: 35598197 PMCID: PMC9427921 DOI: 10.1007/s10567-022-00399-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Clinical staging is now recognized as a key tool for facilitating innovation in personalized and preventative mental health care. It places a strong emphasis on the salience of indicated prevention, early intervention, and secondary prevention of major mental disorders. By contrast to established models for major mood and psychotic syndromes that emerge after puberty, developments in clinical staging for childhood-onset disorders lags significantly behind. In this article, criteria for a transdiagnostic staging model for those internalizing and externalizing disorders that emerge in childhood is presented. This sits alongside three putative pathophysiological profiles (developmental, circadian, and anxious-arousal) that may underpin these common illness trajectories. Given available evidence, we argue that it is now timely to develop a transdiagnostic staging model for childhood-onset syndromes. It is further argued that a transdiagnostic staging model has the potential to capture more precisely the dimensional, fluctuating developmental patterns of illness progression of childhood psychopathology. Given potential improvements in modelling etiological processes, and delivering more personalized interventions, transdiagnostic clinical staging for childhood holds much promise for assisting to improve outcomes. We finish by presenting an agenda for research in developments of transdiagnostic clinical staging for childhood mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilas Sawrikar
- Centre of Applied Developmental Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
- Department of Clinical & Health Psychology, School of Health in Social Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Medical School (Doorway 6), Room 1M.8, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK.
| | - Angus Macbeth
- Centre of Applied Developmental Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Clinical & Health Psychology, School of Health in Social Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Medical School (Doorway 6), Room 1M.8, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Karri Gillespie-Smith
- Centre of Applied Developmental Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Clinical & Health Psychology, School of Health in Social Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Medical School (Doorway 6), Room 1M.8, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Megan Brown
- ADHD & Autism Psychological Services and Advocacy, Utica, NY, USA
| | | | - Kelsie Boulton
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Adam Guestella
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ian Hickie
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Leigh E, Rimfeld K, Bowes L, Clark DM, Eley TC, Krebs G. Prospective associations between internalising symptoms and educational achievement in youth: A monozygotic twin differences study. J Affect Disord 2022; 307:199-205. [PMID: 35390354 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.03.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Educational achievement is an independent predictor of many life outcomes and so it is important to understand its causes and correlates. Internalising symptoms, encompassing anxiety and depression symptoms, are one candidate influence. METHODS Using a prospective and genetically-informative design, the present study investigated the associations between internalising symptoms and educational achievement, controlling for IQ at age 7 years and socioeconomic status, among participants of the Twin and Early Development Study (up to N = 10,791). Internalising symptoms were measured by the parent-rated Anxiety Related Behaviours Questionnaire (ages 7, 9, 16 years), and educational attainment were indexed by UK-wide standardized examination results at ages 16 and 18 years, and self-reported transition to university education. RESULTS Negative affect was the only internalising symptom subtype that was uniquely associated with academic underachievement at all timepoints, from mid-adolescence to early adulthood. The association between negative affect and achievement became non-significant when using MZ twin difference scores, suggesting that the majority of the relationship is accounted for by genetic and shared environmental effects. LIMITATIONS Limitations include the reliance on parent-reported internalising symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Negative affect in youth may be an important marker of later academic underachievement. Findings suggest that academic underachievement is not simply a consequence of the disruption caused by negative affect symptoms and therefore educational interventions may be required to optimise outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Leigh
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Kaili Rimfeld
- King's College London, MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, De Crespigny Park, London, UK
| | - Lucy Bowes
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David M Clark
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Thalia C Eley
- King's College London, MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, De Crespigny Park, London, UK
| | - Georgina Krebs
- King's College London, MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, De Crespigny Park, London, UK; University College London, Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, UK; National and Specialist OCD and Related Disorders Clinic for Young People, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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35
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Speyer LG, Hall HA, Ushakova A, Luciano M, Auyeung B, Murray AL. Within-person Relations between Domains of Socio-emotional Development during Childhood and Adolescence. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2022; 50:1261-1274. [PMID: 35670883 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-022-00933-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence is a critical period in the development of mental health with nearly 1 in 5 adolescents suffering from mental health problems and more than 40 percent of these experiencing at least one co-occurring mental health disorder. This study investigates whether there are differences in the relations between key dimensions of child and adolescent mental health in adolescence compared to childhood. Mental health and related socio-emotional traits were measured longitudinally at ages 4, 7, 8, 9, 11, 13, and 16 in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (N = 11279) using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaires. Graphical Vector Autoregression models were used to analyse the temporal within-person relations between conduct problems, emotional problems, hyperactivity/inattention, peer problems and prosociality across childhood (ages 4 to 9) and adolescence (11 to 16). Results suggest that adolescence is characterised by an increase in the number and strength of temporal relations between socio-emotional difficulties. In particular, in adolescence there were bidirectional connections between peer problems and emotional problems, between conduct problems and hyperactivity/inattention and between prosociality and conduct problems as well as hyperactivity/inattention. In childhood, conduct problems and prosociality were reciprocally related. Results also suggested peer problems as a potential mediating factor between conduct and emotional problems in childhood. Overall, this study suggests that different domains of socio-emotional development influence each other over development. Adolescence is characterised by an increase in temporal connections, which may be one factor underlying the increased vulnerability to the onset of mental health problems during that period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Gabriela Speyer
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK. .,Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK.
| | | | - Anastasia Ushakova
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Medical School, University of Lancaster, Lancashire, UK
| | - Michelle Luciano
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Bonnie Auyeung
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Doering S, Larsson H, Halldner L, Gillberg C, Kuja-Halkola R, Lundström S. Internalizing symptoms in adolescence are modestly affected by symptoms of anxiety, depression, and neurodevelopmental disorders in childhood. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:233. [PMID: 35365103 PMCID: PMC8976364 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-03875-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Internalizing disorders, such as anxiety and depressive disorders, are common mental disorders in young people, but a detailed understanding of the symptom continuity from childhood to adolescence that additionally includes a variety of neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) symptoms is lacking. We therefore aimed to assess the extent to which parent-reported anxiety, depression, and NDD symptoms in childhood predict parent-reported internalizing symptoms in adolescence. METHODS We used the nation-wide population-based Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden, comprising 4492 twins born in Sweden between 1998 and 2003 that were assessed at age 9, and then again at age 15. Linear regression in a structural equation modelling framework was used to analyze the data. RESULTS Overall, our results indicate that 15.9% of the variance in internalizing symptoms at age 15 can be predicted by anxiety, depression, and NDD symptoms at age 9. Anxiety and NDD symptoms in childhood predicted the largest amount of internalizing symptoms in adolescence. CONCLUSIONS Adolescent internalizing symptoms are modestly affected by childhood symptoms of anxiety, depression, and NDDs, suggesting that they may represent different constructs across age. Future studies should further empirically investigate differences in etiology and trajectories of childhood versus adolescent internalizing symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Doering
- Centre for Ethics, Law and Mental Health (CELAM), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Henrik Larsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linda Halldner
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Christopher Gillberg
- Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ralf Kuja-Halkola
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Lundström
- Centre for Ethics, Law and Mental Health (CELAM), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Armour JA, Joussemet M, Mageau GA, Varin R. Perceived Parenting and Borderline Personality Features during Adolescence. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2022:10.1007/s10578-021-01295-3. [PMID: 35013846 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-021-01295-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the associations between perceived parenting and borderline personality disorder (BPD) in adolescents. The relations between components of parenting and BPD features were explored. Participants (N = 270; mean age = 15.3) assessed their own BPD features (Personality Assessment Inventory) and both of their parents' parenting practices (Parents as Social Context Questionnaire; Perceived Parental Autonomy Support Scale). SEM results suggest that controlling, rejecting and chaotic parenting all predicted global BPD, and all these parenting components were significantly associated with at least one BPD feature. Chaotic parenting, a relatively neglected construct in the BPD literature, seems to play an important role in early BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie-Ann Armour
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Mireille Joussemet
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| | - Geneviève A Mageau
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Rose Varin
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Seker S, Boonmann C, Gerger H, Jäggi L, d'Huart D, Schmeck K, Schmid M. Mental disorders among adults formerly in out-of-home care: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2022; 31:1963-1982. [PMID: 34169369 PMCID: PMC9663399 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-021-01828-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
While children and adolescents placed in child welfare or juvenile justice out-of-home care show higher prevalence rates of mental disorders compared to the general population, it remains unclear whether this pattern persists into adulthood. A quantitative synthesis of existing studies is lacking. The aim of this meta-analysis was to estimate the prevalence rates for mental disorders among adults with a foster or residential child welfare or juvenile justice care history, comparing them where possible to rates among the general population. PubMed, PsycInfo, EMBASE, and Web of Science were systematically searched for epidemiological studies published up to 28 October 2020. Nineteen studies, totaling 604,257 participants, met our inclusion criteria. Random-effects models were used for prevalence rates and odds ratios (OR) of mental disorders, and study quality was rated. A prevalence rate of 30% [95% CI (23.36, 37.36)] for any mental disorder in adults with a child welfare care history was found (3-17% for specific disorders). A prevalence rate of 45% [95% CI (42.38, 47.38)] for any mental disorder was found in adults with a juvenile justice care history (6-66% for specific disorders). For out-of-home placement history, adult mental disorders were significantly higher than in the general population (OR = 1.33-2.76). Studies differed in terms of methodology and the disorder groups considered, so heterogeneity between effect sizes ranged from low to high. Our findings suggest that the high risk that mental health issues will persist in adults with an out-of-home placement history needs to be taken seriously in the transition from adolescence to adulthood. The care systems involved need to collaborate and to be aware of these risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Süheyla Seker
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Research, Psychiatric University Hospitals, University of Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4002, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Cyril Boonmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Research, Psychiatric University Hospitals, University of Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Heike Gerger
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lena Jäggi
- Division of Personality and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Delfine d'Huart
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Research, Psychiatric University Hospitals, University of Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Schmeck
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Research, Psychiatric University Hospitals, University of Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marc Schmid
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Research, Psychiatric University Hospitals, University of Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
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Semsar N, Mousavi Z, Tran MLM, Kuhlman KR. Dysregulated arousal as a pathway linking childhood neglect and clinical sleep disturbances in adulthood. Child Abuse Negl 2021; 122:105306. [PMID: 34507018 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A history of childhood maltreatment has a well-established association with clinical sleep disturbances in adulthood, which is a transdiagnostic contributor to many chronic diseases. OBJECTIVE Determine whether actigraphy-measured indices of dysregulated arousal during sleep explain associations between abuse or neglect in childhood and clinical sleep disturbances in adulthood. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Participants were 646 individuals, ages 25-83 (59.3% female) from the MIDUS II Biomarker, Refresher studies. METHODS Participants completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, wore an actigraph for seven days, and rated sleep quality using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). RESULTS Both neglect (b = 0.66, SE = 0.33, p = .04) and abuse (b = 1.09, SE = 0.32, p < .001) were associated with clinical sleep disturbance. Actigraphy-measured sleep efficiency mediated the link between neglect and clinical sleep disturbances (ab = 0.33, SE = 0.12, 95%CI [0.12, 0.57]). However, no such link between abuse and clinical sleep disturbances was mediated by actigraphy-measured indices. Sleep onset latency did not mediate the link between neglect or abuse and sleep disturbance. Models covaried for other maltreatment, gender, and age. CONCLUSIONS While the unique associations between abuse or neglect and clinical sleep disturbances were robust in this sample, only sleep efficiency emerged as a mediator linking maltreatment and clinical sleep disturbances. Critically, this mediation was specific to neglect. Abuse and neglect may lead to disease through distinct pathways. Moreover, potential dysregulation in arousal that leads to sleep inefficiency may be a specific pathway through which experiences of neglect in childhood contribute to chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Semsar
- Department of Psychological Science, School of Social Ecology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Zahra Mousavi
- Department of Psychological Science, School of Social Ecology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Mai-Lan M Tran
- Department of Psychological Science, School of Social Ecology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Kate R Kuhlman
- Department of Psychological Science, School of Social Ecology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, USA; Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA; Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, School of Social Ecology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, USA.
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40
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Pachankis JE, Clark KA, Klein DN, Dougherty LR. Early Timing and Determinants of the Sexual Orientation Disparity in Internalizing Psychopathology: A Prospective Cohort Study from Ages 3 to 15. J Youth Adolesc 2021; 51:458-470. [PMID: 34731394 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-021-01532-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Knowing the age at which the sexual orientation disparity in depression and anxiety symptoms first emerges and the early determinants of this disparity can suggest optimal timing and targets of supportive interventions. This prospective cohort study of children ages 3 to 15 (n = 417; 10.6% same-sex-attracted; 47.2% assigned female at birth) and their parents sought to determine the age at which the sexual orientation disparity in depression and anxiety symptoms first emerges and whether peer victimization and poor parental relationships mediate this disparity. Same-sex-attracted youth first demonstrated significantly higher depression symptoms at age 12 and anxiety symptoms at age 15 than exclusively other-sex-attracted youth. Age 12 peer victimization mediated the sexual orientation disparity in age 15 depression symptoms. Age 12 poor mother-child relationship mediated the sexual orientation disparity in age 15 anxiety symptoms. The findings are discussed in terms of implications for developmentally appropriate interventions against social stress during early development.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E Pachankis
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College St, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
| | - Kirsty A Clark
- Department of Medicine, Health, and Society, Vanderbilt University, 300 Calhoun Hall, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Daniel N Klein
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Lea R Dougherty
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, 4094 Campus Drive, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
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Kuhlman KR, Straka K, Mousavi Z, Tran ML, Rodgers E. Predictors of Adolescent Resilience During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cognitive Reappraisal and Humor. J Adolesc Health 2021; 69:729-736. [PMID: 34384704 PMCID: PMC8460169 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2021.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The COVID-19 pandemic and efforts to slow the spread of disease have particularly affected the lives of adolescents. Many studies have recently identified the risks to adolescent mental health posed by the COVID-19 pandemic, yet few have identified the markers of resilience to the events and concerns associated with the pandemic's lived experience. This study examined the moderating role of psychosocial resources in the association between the tangible and emotional experiences of the COVID-19 pandemic and symptoms of common psychiatric problems during adolescence (depression, anxiety, proactive and reactive aggression, and sleep problems). METHODS Participants were adolescents in the United States who were oversampled for early life adversity before the COVID-19 pandemic. The psychosocial resources assessed were humor styles, emotion regulation, social support, optimism, and purpose in life, which have previously been identified as protective in the acute aftermath of stressful events. RESULTS Greater COVID-19 impact was associated with more anxiety, depressive symptoms, sleep disturbance, and proactive aggression. COVID-19 impact and psychiatric symptoms were unrelated among youth reporting high self-enhancing humor and cognitive reappraisal. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents high in humor and cognitive reappraisal may be protected against the mental health correlates of the COVID-19 pandemic and other prolonged stressors. Importantly, these factors are known to be modifiable through behavioral interventions. Attention to their effectiveness in prevention and intervention studies is needed as the pandemic continues to exert its impact on individuals and society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate R. Kuhlman
- Department of Psychological Science, School of Social Ecology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California,Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California,Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, School of Social Ecology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California,Address correspondence to: Kate R. Kuhlman, University of California, 4201 Social & Behavioral Sciences Gateway, Irvine, CA 92697-7085
| | - Kelci Straka
- Department of Psychological Science, School of Social Ecology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Zahra Mousavi
- Department of Psychological Science, School of Social Ecology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Mai-Lan Tran
- Department of Psychological Science, School of Social Ecology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Emma Rodgers
- Department of Psychological Science, School of Social Ecology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
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Russotti J, Warmingham JM, Duprey EB, Handley ED, Manly JT, Rogosch FA, Cicchetti D. Child maltreatment and the development of psychopathology: The role of developmental timing and chronicity. Child Abuse Negl 2021; 120:105215. [PMID: 34293550 PMCID: PMC8384692 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of child maltreatment (CM) on psychopathology are well-established, yet the complex effects of timing and chronicity of maltreatment exposure on the development of psychopathology are still unclear. OBJECTIVE To elucidate developmental pathways from distinct dimensions of CM (chronicity and timing) to psychopathology during emerging adulthood using data from a longitudinal, multi-method study. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Children with and without maltreatment exposure were recruited at wave 1 (ages 10-12) to participate in a research summer camp. At wave 2, participants were recontacted during emerging adulthood (ages 18-22). The current study includes 391 participants (51.3% female; 77.5% Black, 11.3% white, 7.4% Hispanic, 3.8% other race). METHODS Timing and chronicity of maltreatment exposures were coded from child protective services records using the Maltreatment Classification System. Childhood internalizing and externalizing symptoms were assessed using child- and camp counselor-report. Emerging adults completed self-report questionnaires and were interviewed about their current and past symptoms of psychopathology. Structural equation modeling was used to estimate direct and indirect links between childhood maltreatment dimensions (chronicity and timing) to adult psychopathology via childhood internalizing and externalizing. RESULTS Child maltreatment experiences that spanned several developmental periods, including both early and later childhood stages, predicted a cascade of both internalizing and externalizing symptoms in childhood that eventuated in greater symptoms of anxiety, depression, substance use disorder, and antisocial personality disorder in emerging adulthood. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that chronic childhood maltreatment exposure is associated with multifinality in psychopathology presentations that can be detected in childhood and extend into emerging adulthood. Early prevention and intervention efforts to promote positive and safe parenting are essential to decrease the burden of mental health symptoms conferred by chronic maltreatment exposures on individuals, families, and public health systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Russotti
- Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester, United States of America.
| | | | - Erinn B Duprey
- Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester, United States of America; Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, United States of America
| | | | - Jody T Manly
- Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester, United States of America
| | - Fred A Rogosch
- Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester, United States of America
| | - Dante Cicchetti
- Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester, United States of America; Center for the Study and Prevention of Suicide, Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, United States of America
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43
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Hentges RF, Graham SA, Plamondon A, Tough S, Madigan S. Bidirectional associations between maternal depression, hostile parenting, and early child emotional problems: Findings from the all our families cohort. J Affect Disord 2021; 287:397-404. [PMID: 33838474 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An intergenerational association between maternal depression and child emotional problems is well established. However, the underlying processes underpinning this association are still unclear, with relatively little attention paid to potential child-driven effects. This study adds to existing research by examining the bidirectional processes between maternal depression, parenting, and child internalizing symptoms. METHODS A large prospective pregnancy cohort was used (N = 1992). Mothers reported on their depressive symptoms, hostile parenting, child internalizing symptoms, and child effortful control. Data was collected during pregnancy, and at 4 months, 3 years, and 5 years postpartum. RESULTS Using a cross-lag analytical approach, results revealed that prenatal and postpartum maternal depression predicted child internalizing problems through an increase in hostile parenting. Child internalizing symptoms predicted increases in subsequent hostile parenting, but not maternal depressive symptoms. Additional moderation analyses revealed that the indirect effect of maternal depression on child internalizing problems through hostile parenting was only significant for children low in effortful control. LIMITATIONS The study relied on maternal reports of both mother and child symptomology and characteristics. The sample was predominantly white and middle- to high-income. CONCLUSIONS Hostile parenting is a potential intermediary mechanism explaining the intergenerational transmission of maternal depression to child internalizing problems. Critically, this indirect effect was only significant for children low in effortful control. There was limited support for child evocative effects, with child internalizing symptoms predicting subsequent hostile parenting but not maternal depressive symptoms. Results highlight the need for considering both maternal and child characteristics when treating maternal depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rochelle F Hentges
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Owerko Centre, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Canada.
| | - Susan A Graham
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Owerko Centre, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Canada
| | - Andre Plamondon
- Département des fondements et pratiques en éducation, Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Applied Psychology and Human Development, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Suzanne Tough
- Owerko Centre, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Canada; Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Sheri Madigan
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Owerko Centre, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Canada.
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Silveira S, Boney S, Tapert SF, Mishra J. Developing functional network connectivity of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex mediates externalizing psychopathology in adolescents with child neglect. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2021; 49:100962. [PMID: 34015723 PMCID: PMC8142040 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2021.100962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood adversity has been associated with elevated risk for psychopathology. We investigated whether development of functional brain networks important for executive function (EF) could serve as potential mediators of this association. We analyzed data of 475 adolescents, a subsample of the multisite longitudinal NCANDA (National Consortium on Alcohol and Neurodevelopment in Adolescence) cohort with completed measures of childhood trauma, resting-state functional brain connectivity data, and symptoms of internalizing and externalizing psychopathology at baseline and follow-up years 1–4. Using parallel process latent growth models, we found that childhood adversity was associated with increased risk for externalizing/internalizing behaviors. We specifically investigated whether functional connectivity of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) to brain regions within the cingulo-opercular (CO) network, a well-known EF network that underlies control of attention and self-regulation, mediates the association between adversity and symptoms of psychopathology. We found that childhood adversity, specifically child neglect was negatively associated with functional connectivity of the dACC within the CO network, and that this connectivity mediated the association between neglect and externalizing behaviors. Our study advances a mechanistic understanding of how childhood adversity may impact the development of psychopathology, highlighting the relevance of dACC functional networks particularly for externalizing psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Silveira
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Simone Boney
- East Carolina University Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Susan F Tapert
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Jyoti Mishra
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.
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Abstract
Empathy is a complex social-cognitive ability that is best understood by distinguishing its emotional, cognitive and motivational dimensions, which from early childhood interact between the child and her/his social environment. To date, among the many factors that are acknowledged to influence the development of empathy, children's temperament and parenting behaviors have been identified as interacting in predicting the extent to which children demonstrate empathic responses. Recent studies in developmental social neuroscience cast light on the neural networks engaged in the development of each of the dimensions that constitute empathy, which are needed to navigate social interaction and establishing positive social relationships. Indeed, early deficits in empathic processes can lead to difficulties in socialization, particularly associated with reduced attention to others' emotions, especially when they are suffering, a lesser degree of remorse and guilt, and a greater tendency to ignore social norms or break the rules. Difficulties in socialization are particularly visible in two well-known developmental disorders: children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and children with conduct disorder and callous unemotional traits (CU). This paper provides a critical and selective review of recent empirical studies in psychopathology and developmental neuroscience by addressing the dimensions underlying empathy, specifically emotional sharing and caring for others. For children with ASD, some studies report that they pay less attention to another person in distress. However, functional neuroimaging studies conducted with ASD adolescents indicate that the emotional dimension appears to be preserved, but a lack of emotional self-regulation may impair them from experiencing empathic concern. Children with conduct disorder and CU traits clearly manifest a reduced autonomic nervous system response to others' distress or suffering. This may account for their disregard or contempt for others' well-being and social norms. Functional neuroimaging studies show that atypical patterns of brain activity at 15 months of age can predict later severe conduct disorder. Neural regions engaged in emotional processing such as the anterior cingulate cortex, insula and amygdala shown reduced activation to empathy-eliciting stimuli in children with CU. Finally, the genetic nature of CU traits is highlighted in several studies. We conclude by proposing several avenues for developmental research to identify biomarkers from an early age and by inviting to focus on psychological interventions with those populations accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Decety
- Department of Psychology and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, The University of Chicago, 5448 South University Avenue, Chicago 60637, USA
| | - et Claire Holvoet
- Centre de recherche sur les fonctionnements et dysfonctionnements psychologiques, EA7475, Université de Rouen Normandie, Rouen, France
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Russotti J, Warmingham JM, Handley ED, Rogosch FA, Cicchetti D. Child maltreatment: An intergenerational cascades model of risk processes potentiating child psychopathology. Child Abuse Negl 2021; 112:104829. [PMID: 33359770 PMCID: PMC7855935 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Child maltreatment poses substantial risk for compromised mental health in children. Further, child abuse and neglect are potentiated within a cascade of intergenerational and current familial risk processes that require clarification to inform understanding of adverse outcomes and direct prevention and intervention efforts. OBJECTIVE Using a multi-informant design, the current study applied an intergenerational cascades approach to examine the interconnected pathways among several familial risk factors associated with child maltreatment and its consequences. PARTICIPANTS Participants were 378 children (aged 10-12) and their mothers from economically disadvantaged, ethnically diverse backgrounds. The sample included maltreated children recruited via CPS records and demographically comparable non-maltreated children. METHODS Structural equation modeling (SEM) was conducted to test sequential mediation pathways examining the independent and cascading effects of maternal history of childhood maltreatment, maternal adolescent childbearing, current maternal depression, and the child's lifetime history of maltreatment on the child's internalizing and externalizing symptoms. RESULTS Multigenerational developmental cascades were identified. Maternal history of maltreatment predicted chronic maltreatment for offspring, which in turn predicted greater internalizing (β = .167, p = .03) and externalizing symptoms (β = .236, p = .005) in late childhood. Similarly, children born to mothers who began childbearing in adolescence were more likely to experience chronic maltreatment during childhood and develop subsequent symptoms. Effects were found over and above a parallel cascade from maternal maltreatment to offspring psychopathology via a maternal depression pathway. CONCLUSION Findings reveal targets to prevent or ameliorate progressions of intergenerational risk pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Russotti
- Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester, 187 Edinburgh St., Rochester, NY, 14607, United States.
| | - Jennifer M Warmingham
- Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester, 187 Edinburgh St., Rochester, NY, 14607, United States
| | - Elizabeth D Handley
- Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester, 187 Edinburgh St., Rochester, NY, 14607, United States
| | - Fred A Rogosch
- Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester, 187 Edinburgh St., Rochester, NY, 14607, United States
| | - Dante Cicchetti
- Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester, 187 Edinburgh St., Rochester, NY, 14607, United States; Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, United States
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Ellersgaard D, Gregersen M, Spang KS, Christiani C, Burton BK, Hemager N, Søndergaard A, Greve A, Gantriis D, Jepsen JRM, Mors O, Plessen KJ, Thorup AAE, Nordentoft M. Psychotic experiences in seven-year-old children with familial high risk of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder in: The Danish High Risk and Resilience Study - VIA 7; A population-based cohort study. Schizophr Res 2021; 228:510-518. [PMID: 33308959 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to examine the prevalence of psychotic experiences (PEs) in children with familial high risk of schizophrenia (FHR-SZ) or bipolar disorder (FHR-BP) and, in exploratory analyses, to examine the possible associations between PEs and mental disorders as well as level of functioning. A cohort of seven-year-old children with FHR-SZ (N = 199), FHR-BP (N = 118) and controls (N = 196) was recruited through Danish nationwide registers. Lifetime PEs were assessed through interviews using the psychosis section of the 'Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children - Present and Lifetime Version' (K-SADS-PL). Lifetime DSM-IV diagnoses were ascertained through K-SADS-PL and the level of functioning of the children through 'Children's Global Assessment Scale'. Both children with FHR-SZ (OR = 2.9, 95% CI = 1.4-6.2, p = 0.005) and FHR-BP (OR = 2.9, 95% CI = 1.3-6.7, p = 0.011) had an increased risk of having experienced "severe" PEs compared with controls. In the overall cohort PEs were associated with any lifetime mental disorder, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, anxiety disorders and a lower level of functioning. The findings of a higher proportion of high risk children reporting PEs could represent an early manifestation of later more severe psychopathology or simply an unspecific transitory symptom. Future follow-up studies of this cohort will explore the predictive value of the occurrence of PEs at age seven.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ditte Ellersgaard
- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health - CORE, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 15, 4th floor, DK-2900 Hellerup, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Fuglesangs Allé 26, DK-8210 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Maja Gregersen
- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health - CORE, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 15, 4th floor, DK-2900 Hellerup, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Fuglesangs Allé 26, DK-8210 Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Katrine Soeborg Spang
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Fuglesangs Allé 26, DK-8210 Aarhus, Denmark; Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 3A, 1th floor, DK-2900 Hellerup, Denmark.
| | - Camilla Christiani
- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health - CORE, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 15, 4th floor, DK-2900 Hellerup, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Fuglesangs Allé 26, DK-8210 Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Birgitte Klee Burton
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 3A, 1th floor, DK-2900 Hellerup, Denmark.
| | - Nicoline Hemager
- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health - CORE, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 15, 4th floor, DK-2900 Hellerup, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Fuglesangs Allé 26, DK-8210 Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Anne Søndergaard
- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health - CORE, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 15, 4th floor, DK-2900 Hellerup, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Fuglesangs Allé 26, DK-8210 Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Aja Greve
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Fuglesangs Allé 26, DK-8210 Aarhus, Denmark; Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 175, DK-8200 Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Ditte Gantriis
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Fuglesangs Allé 26, DK-8210 Aarhus, Denmark; Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 175, DK-8200 Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Jens Richardt Møllegaard Jepsen
- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health - CORE, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 15, 4th floor, DK-2900 Hellerup, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Fuglesangs Allé 26, DK-8210 Aarhus, Denmark; Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 3A, 1th floor, DK-2900 Hellerup, Denmark.
| | - Ole Mors
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Fuglesangs Allé 26, DK-8210 Aarhus, Denmark; Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 175, DK-8200 Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Kerstin Jessica Plessen
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 3A, 1th floor, DK-2900 Hellerup, Denmark; Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Avenue d'Echallens 9, CH-1004 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Anne Amalie Elgaard Thorup
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Fuglesangs Allé 26, DK-8210 Aarhus, Denmark; Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 3A, 1th floor, DK-2900 Hellerup, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| | - Merete Nordentoft
- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health - CORE, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 15, 4th floor, DK-2900 Hellerup, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Fuglesangs Allé 26, DK-8210 Aarhus, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
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Nielsen JD, Mennies RJ, Olino TM. Application of a diathesis-stress model to the interplay of cortical structural development and emerging depression in youth. Clin Psychol Rev 2020; 82:101922. [PMID: 33038741 PMCID: PMC8594424 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cross-sectional studies in adults have long identified differences in cortical structure in adults with depression compared to healthy adults, with most studies identifying reductions in grey matter volume, cortical thickness, and surface area in primarily frontal cortical regions including the OFC, ACC, and variable sub-regions of the PFC. However, when, why, and for whom these neural correlates of depression emerge remains poorly understood, necessitating developmental study of associations between depression and cortical structure. We systematically reviewed studies examining these associations in child/adolescent samples, and applied a developmentally-focused diathesis-stress model to understand the impacts of depressogenic risk-factors and stressors on the development of structural neural correlates of depression. Cross-sectional findings in youth are generally similar to those found in adults, but vary in magnitude and direction of effects. Preliminary evidence suggests that age, sex, severity, and comorbidity moderate these associations. Longitudinal studies show depression prospectively predicting cortical structure and structure predicting emerging depression. Consistent with a diathesis-stress model, associations have been noted between risk-factors for depression (e.g., genetic risk, family risk) and environmental stressors (e.g., early life stress) and structural neural correlates. Further investigation of these associations across development with attention to vulnerability factors and stressors is indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna D Nielsen
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA..
| | - Rebekah J Mennies
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA..
| | - Thomas M Olino
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA..
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49
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Ortin A, Elkington KS, Eisenberg R, Miranda R, Canino G, Bird HR, Duarte CS. Suicide Attempts and Course of Suicidal Ideation among Puerto Rican Early Adolescents. J Abnorm Child Psychol 2020; 47:1723-1734. [PMID: 31065859 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-019-00554-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Suicidal behavior increases substantially during early adolescence, a critical understudied developmental period. This study reports on the prevalence of suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and course of suicidal ideation among Puerto Rican early adolescents, a high-risk group for suicidal behavior in adulthood. Gender differences and the prospective association of psychiatric disorders with course of suicidal ideation are examined. Participants were 1228 Puerto Rican adolescents (ages 10-13 at wave 1; 48% female) and parents, selected through probability-based sampling, assessed yearly across three waves. Adolescents and parents reported via Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children-IV about 12-month suicide attempts and suicidal ideation (further categorized as never present, onset, recurrence, and remission), mood and anxiety disorders; parents reported on disruptive disorders. Over the three waves, 9.5% early adolescents thought about suicide and 2.1% attempted suicide. In adjusted multinomial regression models, compared to those with never present suicidal ideation, female gender was related to onset of suicidal ideation (OR = 2.60; 95% CI, 1.22-5.55). Disruptive disorders were related to onset (OR = 5.80; 95% CI, 2.06-16.32) and recurrence of suicidal ideation (OR = 5.07, 95% CI, 1.14-22.47), mood disorders were related to remission (OR = 14.42, 95% CI, 3.90-53.23), and anxiety disorders to onset of suicidal ideation (OR = 3.68, 95% CI, 1.75-7.73). Our findings inform strategies tailored for early adolescents. To address onset of suicidal ideation, prevention should focus on girls and those with anxiety or disruptive disorders. When ideation is recurrent, interventions oriented to reduce disruptive behavior and its consequences may help achieve remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ortin
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College, City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, Room 611HN, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Katherine S Elkington
- Division of Gender, Sexuality and Health, Columbia University and New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, Unit 15, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Ruth Eisenberg
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Belfer Building, Room 1303, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Regina Miranda
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College, City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, Room 611HN, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- The Graduate Center, City University of New York, 365 5th Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Glorisa Canino
- Behavioral Sciences Research Institute, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, Office A928 9th Floor, Rio Piedras, PR, 00935, USA
| | - Hector R Bird
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, 1051 Riverside Drive, Unit 43, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Cristiane S Duarte
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, 1051 Riverside Drive, Unit 43, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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50
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Hudry K, Chetcuti L, Hocking DR. Motor functioning in developmental psychopathology: A review of autism as an example context. Res Dev Disabil 2020; 105:103739. [PMID: 32712240 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2020.103739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Motor development research has seen substantial recent growth. However, much remains to be understood about the nature and extent of motor impairments in neurodevelopmental disorders, including their potential as early markers and/or causal determinants of downstream functioning in other domains. AIMS AND METHODS In this narrative review, drawing primarily on the autism literature by way of example, we review current accounts of the nature and consequences of motor functioning. We consider conventional approaches to measurement and study design, and current limited approaches to tackling heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS We argue that ongoing adherence to traditional diagnostic outcome classification stands in the face of mounting evidence that characteristics of neurodevelopmental disorders lie on a continuum with variability in the general population, and that three broad research avenues stand to offer a better understanding of motor functioning: The use of technology and advanced statistical methods for a more nuanced understanding of motor abilities; exploiting the prospective longitudinal tracking of at-risk infants to understand developmental consequences of early motor difference; and employing randomized controlled trials to test the utility of motor therapies whilst also testing causal hypotheses about the role of motor functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristelle Hudry
- Department of Psychology and Counseling, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086 Australia.
| | - Lacey Chetcuti
- Department of Psychology and Counseling, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086 Australia.
| | - Darren R Hocking
- Developmental Neuromotor and Cognition Lab, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086 Australia.
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