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Izanlou S, Afshar A, Zare A, Zhilisbayeva KR, Bakhshalizadeh S, Safaei Z, Sehat-Bakhsh S, Khaledi S, Asgari HR, Kazemnejad S, Ajami M, Ajami M, Dehghan Tarzjani M, Najafzadeh V, Kouchakian MR, Mussin NM, Kaliyev AA, Aringazina RA, Mahdipour M, Shirazi R, Tamadon A. Enhancing differentiation of menstrual blood-derived stem cells into female germ cells using a bilayer amniotic membrane and nano-fibrous fibroin scaffold. Tissue Cell 2023; 85:102215. [PMID: 37716177 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional nanofiber scaffolds offer a promising method for simulating in vivo conditions within the laboratory. This study aims to investigate the influence of a bilayer amniochorionic membrane/nanofibrous fibroin scaffold on the differentiation of human menstrual blood mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MenSCs) into female germ cells. MenSCs were isolated and assigned to four culture groups: (i) MenSCs co-cultured with granulosa cells (GCs) using the scaffold (3D-T group), (ii) MenSCs using the scaffold alone (3D-C group), (iii) MenSCs co-cultured only with GCs (2D-T group), and (iv) MenSCs without co-culture or scaffold (2D-C group). Both MenSCs and GCs were independently cultured for two weeks before co-culturing was initiated. Flow cytometry was employed to characterize MenSCs based on positive markers (CD73, CD90, and CD105) and negative markers (CD45 and CD133). Additionally, flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry were used to characterize the GCs. Differentiated MenSCs were analyzed using real-time PCR and immunostaining. The real-time PCR results demonstrated significantly higher levels of VASA expression in the 3D-T group compared to the 3D-C, 2D-T, and 2D-C groups. Similarly, the SCP3 mRNA level in the 3D-T group was notably elevated compared to the 3D-C, 2D-T, and 2D-C groups. Moreover, the expression of GDF9 was significantly higher in the 3D-T group when compared to the 3D-C, 2D-T, and 2D-C groups. Immunostaining results revealed a lack of signal for VASA, SCP3, or GDF9 markers in the 2D-T group, while some cells in the 3D-T group exhibited positive staining for all these proteins. These findings suggest that the combination of a bilayer amniochorionic membrane/nanofibrous fibroin scaffold with co-culturing GCs facilitates the differentiation of MenSCs into female germ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safoura Izanlou
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Alireza Afshar
- Student Research Committee, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Afshin Zare
- PerciaVista R&D Co., Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Kulyash R Zhilisbayeva
- Department of Scientific Work, West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University, Aktobe, Kazakhstan
| | - Shabnam Bakhshalizadeh
- Reproductive Development, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Zahra Safaei
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Soheila Sehat-Bakhsh
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Sajed Khaledi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Hamid-Reza Asgari
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Somaieh Kazemnejad
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mansoureh Ajami
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Monireh Ajami
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Masoumeh Dehghan Tarzjani
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Imam Khomeinin Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Reza Kouchakian
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Nadiar M Mussin
- General Surgery, West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University, Aktobe, Kazakhstan
| | - Asset A Kaliyev
- General Surgery, West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University, Aktobe, Kazakhstan
| | - Raisa A Aringazina
- Department of Internal Medicine No. 1, West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University, Aktobe, Kazakhstan
| | - Mahdi Mahdipour
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran; Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Shirazi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran; Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Amin Tamadon
- PerciaVista R&D Co., Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran; Department of Scientific Work, West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University, Aktobe, Kazakhstan.
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Zhang Y, Guo Z, Du Z, Yao Z, Guo T, Cheng Y, Wang K, Ma X, Chen C, Kebreab E, Wang D, Lyu L. Effects of BAMBI on luteinized follicular granulosa cell proliferation and steroid hormone production in sheep. Mol Reprod Dev 2023; 90:153-165. [PMID: 36775976 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein and activin membrane-bound inhibitor (BAMBI) regulates mammalian ovarian follicle growth and maturation; however, its effect on luteinized granulosa cells (LGCs) in sheep ovarian follicles remains unknown. Here we explored the regulatory role of LGC functions and steroid hormone synthesis by BAMBI. Multiple sequence alignment revealed that the sheep BAMBI gene sequence was relatively conserved. Sheep LGCs were strongly positive for BAMBI. LGC proliferation increased when BAMBI was silenced and decreased when BAMBI was overexpressed. After BAMBI overexpression, the expression of CASP3, CASP8, CASP9, and BAX significantly increased, whereas that of BCL2 and the ratio of BCL2/BAX expression decreased. The opposite was observed after BAMBI silencing. CDKN1A, CCND1, and CCND2 were downregulated with BAMBI overexpression and upregulated with BAMBI silencing. Expression of steroid hormone-related genes (CYP11A1, STAR, and 3BHSD), except CYP19A1, significantly increased after BAMBI overexpression. Moreover, estrogen and progesterone secretion increased after BAMBI overexpression and decreased after BAMBI interference. The effect of the exogenous addition of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) on GCs was similar to that of BAMBI overexpression. In conclusion, BAMBI can regulate the proliferation and steroid hormone synthesis of sheep LGCs, and BMP2 can affect LGCs as an activator of BAMBI. These findings provide a basis for further research on the physiological role of BAMBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Zeyuan Guo
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhangsheng Du
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhichao Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Tong Guo
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Vocational College of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yin Cheng
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Kai Wang
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Chunlu Chen
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Ermias Kebreab
- College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Dong Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lihua Lyu
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
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Radakovic-Cosic J, Miković Z, Rajcevic SM, Sudar-Milovanovic E, Stojisavljevic A, Nikolic G, Radojicic O, Perovic M. Does controlled ovarian stimulation during in vitro fertilization affect the level of nitric oxide a potential indicator of oocyte quality? Med Hypotheses 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2023.111061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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Ravichandran J, Karthikeyan BS, Samal A. Investigation of a derived adverse outcome pathway (AOP) network for endocrine-mediated perturbations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 826:154112. [PMID: 35219661 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
An adverse outcome pathway (AOP) is a compact representation of the available mechanistic information on observed adverse effects upon environmental exposure. Sharing of events across individual AOPs has led to the emergence of AOP networks. Since AOP networks are expected to be functional units of toxicity prediction, there is current interest in their development tailored to specific research question or regulatory problem. To this end, we have developed a detailed workflow to construct an endocrine-relevant AOP (ED-AOP) network based on the existing information available in AOP-Wiki. We propose a cumulative weight of evidence (WoE) score for each ED-AOP based on the WoE scores assigned to key event relationships (KERs) by AOP-Wiki, revealing gaps in AOP development. Connectivity analysis of the ED-AOP network comprising 48 AOPs reveals 7 connected components and 12 isolated AOPs. Subsequently, we apply standard network measures to perform an in-depth analysis of the two largest connected components of the ED-AOP network. Notably, the graph-theoretic analyses led to the identification of important events including points of convergence or divergence in the ED-AOP network. These findings can suggest potential adverse outcomes and facilitate the development of new endpoints or assays for chemical risk assessment. Detailed analysis of the largest component in the ED-AOP network gives insights on the systems-level perturbations caused by endocrine disruption, emergent paths, and stressor-event associations. In sum, the derived ED-AOP network can provide a broader view of the biological events disrupted by endocrine disruption, as well as facilitate better risk assessment of environmental chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janani Ravichandran
- The Institute of Mathematical Sciences (IMSc), Chennai 600113, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai 400094, India
| | | | - Areejit Samal
- The Institute of Mathematical Sciences (IMSc), Chennai 600113, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai 400094, India.
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Lu Q, Luo JY, Ruan HN, Wang CJ, Yang MH. Structure-toxicity relationships, toxicity mechanisms and health risk assessment of food-borne modified deoxynivalenol and zearalenone: A comprehensive review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:151192. [PMID: 34710421 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxin, as one of the most common pollutants in foodstuffs, poses great threat to food security and human health. Specifically, deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN)-two mycotoxin contaminants with considerable toxicity widely existing in food products-have aroused broad public concerns. Adding to this picture, modified forms of DON and ZEN, have emerged as another potential environmental and health threat, owing to their higher re-transformation rate into parent mycotoxins inducing accumulation of mycotoxin in humans and animals. Given this, a better understanding of the toxicity of modified mycotoxins is urgently needed. Moreover, the lack of toxicity data means a proper risk assessment of modified mycotoxins remains challenging. To better evaluate the toxicity of modified DON and ZEN, we have reviewed the relationship between their structures and toxicities. The toxicity mechanisms behind modified DON and ZEN have also been discussed; briefly, these involve acute, subacute, chronic, and combined toxicities. In addition, this review also addresses the global occurrence of modified DON and ZEN, and summarizes novel methods-including in silico analysis and implementation of relative potency factors-for risk assessment of modified DON and ZEN. Finally, the health risk assessment of modified DON and ZEN has also been discussed comprehensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Lu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiao-Yang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hao-Nan Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chang-Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mei-Hua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
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Wang Y, Yang Q, Wang H, Zhu J, Cong L, Li H, Sun Y. NAD+ deficiency and mitochondrial dysfunction in granulosa cells of women with polycystic ovary syndrome‡. Biol Reprod 2021; 105:371-380. [PMID: 34056649 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent heterogeneous endocrine disorder characterized by ovulation dysfunction, androgen excess, ovarian polycystic changes, insulin resistance, and infertility. Although underlying mechanisms for PCOS are still unknown, inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction in granulosa cells (GCs) of PCOS patients have been reported. Here, we found that Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+) levels in GCs of PCOS patients was significantly decreased when compared with controls. Also, we found that higher expression of inflammation factors, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, lower adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generation, and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, as well as abnormal mitochondrial dynamics in GCs of PCOS patients. In addition, the NAD+ levels were decreased after activation of inflammation in human granulosa-like tumor cell line (KGN) treated by Lipopolysaccharide (LPS). However, supplementation of nicotinamide riboside (NR), a NAD+ precursor, could largely restore the NAD+ content, reduce ROS levels and improve mitochondrial function demonstrated by increased mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP generation in LPS-treated KGN cells. Our data suggested that inflammation decreased NAD+ levels in GCs of PCOS patients, while supplementation of NR could restore NAD+ levels and alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction in GCs of PCOS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Provincial Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases (Reproductive Medicine) Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Engineering Laboratory of Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis and Screening, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qingling Yang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Provincial Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases (Reproductive Medicine) Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Engineering Laboratory of Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis and Screening, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Provincial Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases (Reproductive Medicine) Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Engineering Laboratory of Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis and Screening, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Provincial Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases (Reproductive Medicine) Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Engineering Laboratory of Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis and Screening, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Luping Cong
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Provincial Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases (Reproductive Medicine) Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Engineering Laboratory of Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis and Screening, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hui Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Provincial Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases (Reproductive Medicine) Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Engineering Laboratory of Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis and Screening, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yingpu Sun
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Provincial Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases (Reproductive Medicine) Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Engineering Laboratory of Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis and Screening, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Gao H, Lu X, Huang H, Ji H, Zhang L, Su Z. Thyroid-stimulating hormone level is negatively associated with fertilization rate in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome undergoing in vitro fertilization. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2021; 155:138-145. [PMID: 33410141 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.13581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we investigated the effect of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level on the outcomes of in vitro fertilization (IVF) in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). METHODS Data pertaining to 60 patients who underwent IVF between May 2017 and May 2018 were included in the study. Thirty-two patients were diagnosed as PCOS (PCOS group) and 28 patients had tubal infertility (control group). Serum and follicular fluid TSH levels and follicular cyclic AMP (cAMP) level were detected by ELISA. TSH receptor (TSHR) expression level in granulosa cells was quantified by RT-PCR and Western blot. RESULTS In the PCOS group, oocyte maturation rate and fertilization rate were significantly lower than in the control group. Serum and follicular fluid TSH levels and ovarian cAMP level were higher in the PCOS group with an upregulation of ovarian TSHR. On multivariate linear regression analysis, fertilization rate showed a negative correlation with TSH levels in serum (B = -0.106, P = 0.005) and follicular fluid (B = -0.107, P = 0.001). CONCLUSION In PCOS patients, TSH levels, both in serum and follicular fluid, were negatively correlated with IVF oocyte maturation rate and fertilization rate. The effect of TSH on controlled ovarian hyperstimulated oocyte growth was likely mediated by the TSHR/cAMP signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijie Gao
- Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaohui Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Genetic Testing, Xiamen, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, Xiamen, China
| | - Hong Ji
- Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, Xiamen, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhiying Su
- Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, Xiamen, China
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Yi Y, El Khoudary SR, Buchanich JM, Miller RG, Rubinstein D, Matthews K, Orchard TJ, Costacou T. Women with Type 1 diabetes (T1D) experience a shorter reproductive period compared with nondiabetic women: the Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications (EDC) study and the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN). Menopause 2021; 28:634-641. [PMID: 33651743 PMCID: PMC8841108 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evidence suggests that insulin deficiency and hyperglycemia may disrupt the female reproductive system's normal function, leading to delayed menarche and premature ovarian aging. We thus compared the length of the reproductive period of women with type 1 diabetes (T1D) to women without diabetes. METHODS Women with childhood-onset T1D (diagnosed in 1950-80) from the prospective Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications (EDC) study and nondiabetic women from the Pittsburgh site of the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN) were studied. Exclusion criteria comprised not having reached natural menopause, hysterectomy/oophorectomy before menopause, and sex hormone therapy during the menopausal transition. Reproductive history was self-reported. The historical and Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation hormonal algorithms were also used to assess menopause status. RESULTS Women in the T1D cohort (n = 105) were younger, more likely to be White, never smokers, with lower BMI and higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (all P values < 0.05) compared with women without diabetes (n = 178). After covariate adjustment, T1D women were also older at menarche (0.5-y delay, P = 0.002) but younger at natural menopause (-2.0 y, P < 0.0001). Women with T1D thus experienced 2.5 fewer reproductive years compared to those without diabetes (P < 0.0001). These findings were restricted to the subgroup of women who were diagnosed with T1D before reaching menarche (n = 80). CONCLUSION Women with T1D onset before menarche have a shorter reproductive period compared with nondiabetic women, exhibiting delayed menarche and earlier natural menopause. Factors that may be related to a shorter reproductive period in T1D should be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yi
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Samar R. El Khoudary
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jeanine M. Buchanich
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rachel G. Miller
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Debra Rubinstein
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Karen Matthews
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Trevor J Orchard
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tina Costacou
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Xie Y, Huang D, Chu L, Liu Y, Sun X, Li J, Cheng CHK. Igf3 is essential for ovary differentiation in zebrafish†. Biol Reprod 2020; 104:589-601. [PMID: 33276384 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioaa218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish gonadal sexual differentiation is an important but poorly understood subject. Previously, we have identified a novel insulin-like growth factor (Igf) named insulin-like growth factor 3 (Igf3) in teleosts. The importance of Igf3 in oocyte maturation and ovulation has been recently demonstrated by us in zebrafish. In this study, we have further found the essential role of Igf3 in gonadal sexual differentiation of zebrafish. A differential expression pattern of igf3 between ovary and testis during sex differentiation (higher level in ovary than in testis) was found in zebrafish. An igf3 knockout zebrafish line was established using TALENs-mediated gene knockout technique. Intriguingly, all igf3 homozygous mutants were males due to the female-to-male sex reversal occurred during sex differentiation. Further analysis showed that Igf3 did not seem to affect the formation of so-called juvenile ovary and oocyte-like germ cells. Oocyte development was arrested at primary growth stage, and the ovary was gradually sex-reversed to testis before 60 day post fertilization (dpf). Such sex reversal was likely due to decreased germ cell proliferation by suppressing PI3K/Akt pathway in early ovaries of igf3 mutants. Estrogen is considered as a master regulator in fish sex differentiation. Here, we found that igf3 expression could be upregulated by estrogen in early stages of ovarian follicles as evidenced in in vitro treatment assays and cyp19a1a mutant zebrafish, and E2 failed to rescue the defects of igf3 mutants in ovarian development, suggesting that Igf3 may serve as a downstream factor of estrogen signaling in sex differentiation. Taken together, we demonstrated that Igf3 is essential for ovary differentiation in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Xie
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shandong University Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Duo Huang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shandong University Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Lianhe Chu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shandong University Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Yun Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shandong University Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Xiao Sun
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shandong University Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Jianzhen Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Christopher H K Cheng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shandong University Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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Hashemian Z, Afsharian P, Farzaneh P, Eftekhari-Yazdi P, Vakhshiteh F, Daneshvar Amoli A, Nasimian A. Establishment and characterization of a PCOS and a normal human granulosa cell line. Cytotechnology 2020; 72:10.1007/s10616-020-00426-3. [PMID: 32989584 PMCID: PMC7695766 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-020-00426-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Oocyte maturation is an important phase in fertility and any disorder in this process could lead to infertility. The most common disorder during folliculogenesis is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Due to the secretive activity of granulosa cells (GCs), they play a vital role in folliculogenesis. Although scientists use various cellular and molecular methods to have a better understanding of the mechanism of these cells, some limitations still exist in GC culture such as low primary cell yield and proliferation capability. Therefore, immortalization of primary cells is an approach to overcome these limitations. In the current study, GCs were obtained from two females, one with PCOS and one with normal folliculogenesis. In the first stage, we established two human GC (hGC) lines by immortalizing them through retrovirus-mediated transfer of the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) and c-Myc genes. Subsequently, the normal and PCOS cell lines were characterized and were investigated for their growth features. The cell lines were also examined in terms of immortal markers of hTERT, follicle stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR), aromatase, anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9), bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15), estrogen, and progesterone. Our results indicated that the normal and PCOS cell lines both showed similar characteristics to GCs during the follicular stage in normal and PCOS women. The normal and PCOS cell lines demonstrate molecular mechanisms similar to that of GCs such as folliculogenesis, oogenesis, and steroidogenesis, which enable researchers to perform further investigations in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Hashemian
- Human and Animal Cell Bank, Iranian Biological Resource Center (IBRC), ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Afsharian
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Farzaneh
- Human and Animal Cell Bank, Iranian Biological Resource Center (IBRC), ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Poopak Eftekhari-Yazdi
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Vakhshiteh
- Human and Animal Cell Bank, Iranian Biological Resource Center (IBRC), ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ahmad Nasimian
- Human and Animal Cell Bank, Iranian Biological Resource Center (IBRC), ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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11
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Barbagallo F, Mongioì L, Cannarella R, La Vignera S, Condorelli R, Calogero A. Sexual Dysfunction in Diabetic Women: An Update on Current Knowledge. DIABETOLOGY 2020; 1:11-21. [DOI: 10.3390/diabetology1010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common chronic diseases worldwide and its prevalence is expected to increase in the coming years. Therefore, updated knowledge of all diabetic complications and their management is essential for the proper treatment of these patients. Sexual dysfunctions are one of the long-term complications of DM in both genders. However, female sexuality is still a taboo and sexual concerns are often overlooked, underdiagnosed, and untreated. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on the relationship between sexual function and DM in women. In particular, we evaluated the prevalence, etiology, diagnostic approaches, and current treatment options of female sexual dysfunction (FSD) in diabetic patients.
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12
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Chaurasiya V, Kumari S, Onteru SK, Singh D. miR-326 down-regulate CYP19A1 expression and estradiol-17b production in buffalo granulosa cells through CREB and C/EBP-β. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 199:105608. [PMID: 31996328 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2020.105608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian granulosa cells, known to be endocrine cells, have well active TLR4-/NFKB signalling mediated innate immune capabilities. We have previously shown that endotoxin not only transiently regulates proinflammatory cytokines but cells become tolerant on repeated exposure to endotoxin and impaired granulosa cells functions, which includes downregulation of CYP19A1 gene. To understand further endotoxin tolerance and impaired granulosa cells function, genome-wide transcriptomic profiling in endotoxin tolerant buffalo granulosa cells (bGCs) identified miR-326 as upregulated amongst top 5 DE miRNAs [unpublished data] and qPCR validation confirmed its upregulation during endotoxin tolerance. In silico analyses showed that miR-326 targets CYP19A1 gene. Therefore, in the present study, we elucidated the role of miR-326 in buffalo granulosa cells (bGCs). We first validated its expression vis-à-vis CYP19A1 gene expression in bGCs, both in vivo and in vitro. Results showed an inverse relationship between miR-326 and CYP19A1 expression. Similarly, transcription factors, known to be involved in CYP19A1 gene regulation, CREB and C/EBP-β expression was also found to be decreased in granulosa cells mimicking pre-ovulatory follicular stage. Further, miR-326 mimic was transfected to bGCs in culture and expression of CYP19A1 and CREB & C/EBP-β and genes encoding other enzymes of steroidogenesis pathway were also analyzed. The present study results showed that miR-326 significantly inhibits the expression of CYP19A1 gene while expression of transcription factors CREB and C/EBP-β was found to be upregulated. The expression of STAR and CYP11A1 was found to be unaffected. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of miR-326 mediated downregulation of CYP19A1, binding analyses of RNA polymerase II and CEBP-β to CYP19A1 gene promoter II was analyzed. The result also showed decreased binding of RNA polymerase II with increased binding of CEBP-β to CYP19A1 gene promoter II in bGCs, transfected with miR-326 as compared to control. In summary, our results suggest that miR-326 upregulate CREB and CREB may activate C/EBP-β and later inhibited the transcription of CYP19A1 and decreased estradiol-17b production. The miR-326 mediated down-regulation of the CYP19A1 gene involving CREB-C/EBP-β can be exploited in developing strategies to attenuate endotoxin-mediated tolerance induced impaired granulosa cells function to ensure proper fertility in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali Chaurasiya
- Molecular Endocrinology, Functional Genomics and Systems Biology Laboratory, Animal Biochemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Suman Kumari
- Molecular Endocrinology, Functional Genomics and Systems Biology Laboratory, Animal Biochemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Suneel Kumar Onteru
- Molecular Endocrinology, Functional Genomics and Systems Biology Laboratory, Animal Biochemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Dheer Singh
- Molecular Endocrinology, Functional Genomics and Systems Biology Laboratory, Animal Biochemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India.
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13
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Hilal G, Fatma T, Ferruh Y, Sabire G, Yüksel A. Effect of high-fat diet on the various morphological parameters of the ovary. Anat Cell Biol 2020; 53:58-67. [PMID: 32274250 PMCID: PMC7118267 DOI: 10.5115/acb.19.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased food consumption rich in fat and carbohydrate and sedentary lifestyle have seriously increased the rates of obesity and obesity-associated diseases in developed countries. Female mice with diet-induced obesity exhibit infertility and thus can serve as a model for human polycystic ovary syndrome. The aim of the present study was to examine how ovary is affected by diet-induced obesity. The effects of high-fat diet (HFD) on ovary morphology in mice fed with HFD were investigated using unbiased stereological methods. The ovary of mice fed with HFD (n=8, C1090-60, Altromine) for 9 weeks, were compared with that of mice fed with standard chow diet (n=8, C1090-10, Altromine). Stereological parameters were obtained in diestrus cycle. The samples were processed through routine and standard paraffin embedding and were serially sectioned in 5-µm thickness then, every 10th section was saved, stained with Crossman's triple stain for counting and measuring. In all sampled sections mean follicle numbers, diameters, total ovarian volume cortex to medulla ratio (Vv), ovum to cell ratio in secondary follicle were examined in all sampled sections. The present results showed that weight of ovarian and amount of intraperitoneal adipose tissue and the body weight markedly increased in obese mice when compared with control groups. Moreover, follicle numbers (except primordial follicles) and diameters were significantly increased in obese mice. Cortex to medulla ratio (Vv) and ovum to cell ratio in secondary follicle were also considerably different between experimental and the control groups. The present findings indicate that obesity adversely affects overall ovarian morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gören Hilal
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey
| | - Topal Fatma
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Bilecik Seyh Edebali University, Bilecik, Turkey
| | - Yücel Ferruh
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School of Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Güler Sabire
- Department of Histology Embriology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Aydar Yüksel
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School of Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
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14
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Effects of zearalenone and its derivatives on the synthesis and secretion of mammalian sex steroid hormones: A review. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 126:262-276. [PMID: 30825585 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEA), a non-steroidal estrogen mycotoxin produced by several species of Fusarium fungi, can be metabolized into many other derivatives by microorganisms, plants, animals and humans. It can affect mammalian reproductive capability by impacting the synthesis and secretion of sex hormones, including testosterone, estradiol and progesterone. This review summarizes the mechanisms in which ZEA and its derivatives disturb the synthesis and secretion of sex steroid hormones. Because of its structural analogy to estrogen, ZEA and its derivatives can exert a variety of estrogen-like effects and engage in estrogen negative feedback regulation, which can result in mediating the production of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) in the pituitary gland. ZEA and its derivatives can ultimately reduce the number of Leydig cells and granulosa cells by inducing oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, cell cycle arrest, cell apoptosis, and cell regeneration delay. Additionally, they can disrupt the mitochondrial structure and influence mitochondrial functions through overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and aberrant autophagy signaling ways. Finally, ZEA and its derivatives can disturb the expressions and activities of the related steroidogenic enzymes through cross talking between membrane and nuclear estrogen receptors.
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15
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Puechl AM, Edwards J, Suri A, Nakayama J, Bean S, Gehrig P, Saks E, Duska L, Broadwater G, Ehrisman J, Horowitz N, Secord AA. The association between progesterone receptor expression and survival in women with adult granulosa cell tumors. Gynecol Oncol 2019; 153:74-79. [PMID: 30661765 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2019.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Granulosa cell tumors (GCT) variably express estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR). The goal of this study is to evaluate the relationship between ER and PR expression patterns and clinical outcomes in women with GCT. METHODS A multicenter, retrospective analysis was performed of all cases of GCT diagnosed between 1989 and 2012. Immunohistochemical staining for ER and PR was performed on formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tumor tissue and interpreted using a semiquantitative scoring system that incorporated tumor cell staining proportion and intensity. Demographics, disease status, and survival information were collected. Associations between ER and PR staining scores and recurrence-free and overall survival were assessed using univariate Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS FFPE tumor blocks were available for 149/186 GCT patients. The majority of the women had clinical stage I disease (76%). ER and PR expression was present in 52% and 98% of subjects, respectively. The median composite scores of ER and PR staining were 1 (range 0-8) and 9 (range 0-15), respectively. In univariate analysis, PR composite score >9 was strongly associated with decreased recurrence-free survival (HR = 2.9, 95% CI = 1.5-5.5) and decreased overall survival (HR = 3.7, CI 1.3-10.2). ER composite score was not a significant predictor of recurrence-free survival or overall survival (p = 0.7, HR = 1.1, 95% CI 0.6-2.0 and p = 0.06, HR = 1.1, 95% CI 0.4-2.9, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal that high PR composite score (≥9) was associated with both decreased recurrence-free and overall survival in patients with GCT while ER expression was not associated with survival outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison M Puechl
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC, United States of America.
| | - James Edwards
- WakeMed Health and Hospitals, Raleigh, NC, United States of America
| | - Anuj Suri
- Houston Methodist Gynecologic Oncology Associates, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - John Nakayama
- Univerity Hospitals, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Sarah Bean
- Duke University, Department of Pathology, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Paola Gehrig
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Erin Saks
- Carilion Clinic, Roanoke, VA, United States of America
| | - Linda Duska
- University of Virginia, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, United States of America
| | - Gloria Broadwater
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Jessie Ehrisman
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Neil Horowitz
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, United States of America
| | - Angeles Alvarez Secord
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC, United States of America
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16
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Liu XY, Yang YJ, Tang CL, Wang K, Chen JJ, Teng XM, Ruan YC, Yang JZ. Elevation of antimüllerian hormone in women with polycystic ovary syndrome undergoing assisted reproduction: effect of insulin. Fertil Steril 2019; 111:157-167. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Ortega I, García-Velasco JA, Pellicer A. Ovarian manipulation in ART: going beyond physiological standards to provide best clinical outcomes. J Assist Reprod Genet 2018; 35:1751-1762. [PMID: 30056596 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-018-1258-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Current knowledge on ovarian physiology has challenged the traditional concept of folliculogenesis, creating the basis for novel ovarian stimulation protocols in assisted reproduction technology. The purpose of this review was to evaluate the efficacy of novel clinical interventions that could aid clinicians in individualizing their protocols to patients' characteristics and personal situations. We conducted a literature review of the available evidence on new approaches for ovarian stimulation from both retrospective and prospective studies in the PubMed database. Here, we present some of the most important interventions, including follicle growth in the gonadotropin-independent and dependent stage, manipulation of estradiol production throughout ovarian stimulation, control of mid-cycle gonadotropin surges, and luteal phase support after different stimulation protocols and trigger agents. The latest research on IVF has moved physicians away from the classical physiology, allowing the development of new strategies to decouple organ functions from the female reproductive system and challenging the traditional concept of IVF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Ortega
- IVI-Madrid, Madrid, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fé, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Juan A García-Velasco
- IVI-Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fé, Valencia, Spain.,Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain.,IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Pellicer
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fé, Valencia, Spain.,Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain.,IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain.,IVI-Roma, Rome, Italy
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18
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Guo L, Rhen T. Characterization of the FoxL2 proximal promoter and coding sequence from the common snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2017; 212:45-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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19
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Lu N, Li M, Lei H, Jiang X, Tu W, Lu Y, Xia D. Butyric acid regulates progesterone and estradiol secretion via cAMP signaling pathway in porcine granulosa cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 172:89-97. [PMID: 28602959 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Butyric acid (BA), one of the short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), has positive actions on the metabolism, inflammation, etc. However, whether it influences the reproductive physiology and if so the detail mechanism involved has not yet been determined. In this study, the porcine granulosa cells (PGCs) were treated with gradient concentrations of BA. After 24h culture, 0.05mM BA significantly stimulated the progesterone (P4) secretion (P<0.05), 5mM and 10mM BA significantly inhibited the P4 secretion (P<0.05). Simultaneously, BA up-regulated the estradiol (E2) secretion in a dose dependent manner, 5mM and 10mM BA significantly promoted the E2 level (P<0.05). In addition, 10mM BA significantly promoted the G-protein-coupled receptor 41/43 mRNA (P<0.05). Interestingly, 5mM BA treatment significantly down-regulated cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) content (P<0.05), steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR), steroidogenic factor 1 (SF1), P450scc in the mRNA and/or protein level (P<0.05), and these actions were reversed by cAMP activator forskolin (FK). Moreover, the co-treatment of 5mM BA and bupivacaine (BPC, the cAMP inhibitor) significantly accumulated the inhibition action of BPC on cAMP, the secretion of P4, and the abundance of StAR mRNA (P<0.05), inhibited the up-regulation of 5mM BA on the E2 secretion (P<0.05). Further, the Global Proteome and KEGG pathway analysis found that 5mM BA significantly up-regulated the I3LM80 proteins (P<0.05), which is involved in the steroid biosynthesis signaling pathway. 5mM BA significantly decreased the F2Z5G3 protein level (P<0.05), and the cAMP signaling pathway. In conclusion, present findings for the first time demonstrated that BA could regulate the P4 and E2 hormone synthesis in PGCs via the cAMP signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naisheng Lu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Breeding Pig, Institute of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Sciences, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201106, PR China.
| | - Mengjiao Li
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Breeding Pig, Institute of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Sciences, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201106, PR China.
| | - Hulong Lei
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Breeding Pig, Institute of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Sciences, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201106, PR China.
| | - Xueyuan Jiang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Breeding Pig, Institute of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Sciences, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201106, PR China.
| | - Weilong Tu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Breeding Pig, Institute of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Sciences, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201106, PR China.
| | - Yang Lu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Breeding Pig, Institute of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Sciences, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201106, PR China.
| | - Dong Xia
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Breeding Pig, Institute of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Sciences, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201106, PR China.
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20
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Emery Thompson M. Energetics of feeding, social behavior, and life history in non-human primates. Horm Behav 2017; 91:84-96. [PMID: 27594442 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Energy is a variable of key importance to a wide range of research in primate behavioral ecology, life history, and conservation. However, obtaining detailed data on variation in energetic condition, and its biological consequences, has been a considerable challenge. In the past 20years, tremendous strides have been made towards non-invasive methods for monitoring the physiology of animals in their natural environment. These methods provide detailed, individualized data about energetic condition, as well as energy allocations to growth, reproduction, and somatic health. In doing so, they add much-needed resolution by which to move beyond correlative studies to research programs that can discriminate causes from effects and disaggregate multiple correlated features of the social and physical environment. In this review, I describe the conceptual and methodological approaches for studying primate energetics. I then discuss the core questions about primate feeding ecology, social behavior, and life history that can benefit from physiological studies, highlighting the ways in which recent research has done so. Among these are studies that test, and often refute, common assumptions about how feeding ecology shapes primate biology, and those that reveal proximate associations between energetics and reproductive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Emery Thompson
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, MSC01-1040, 500 University Blvd NE, Albuquerque 87131, Mexico.
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21
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Emery Thompson M. Energetics of feeding, social behavior, and life history in non-human primates. Horm Behav 2017; 91:84-96. [PMID: 27594442 DOI: 10.10.1016/j.yhbeh.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Energy is a variable of key importance to a wide range of research in primate behavioral ecology, life history, and conservation. However, obtaining detailed data on variation in energetic condition, and its biological consequences, has been a considerable challenge. In the past 20years, tremendous strides have been made towards non-invasive methods for monitoring the physiology of animals in their natural environment. These methods provide detailed, individualized data about energetic condition, as well as energy allocations to growth, reproduction, and somatic health. In doing so, they add much-needed resolution by which to move beyond correlative studies to research programs that can discriminate causes from effects and disaggregate multiple correlated features of the social and physical environment. In this review, I describe the conceptual and methodological approaches for studying primate energetics. I then discuss the core questions about primate feeding ecology, social behavior, and life history that can benefit from physiological studies, highlighting the ways in which recent research has done so. Among these are studies that test, and often refute, common assumptions about how feeding ecology shapes primate biology, and those that reveal proximate associations between energetics and reproductive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Emery Thompson
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, MSC01-1040, 500 University Blvd NE, Albuquerque 87131, Mexico.
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22
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Expression analysis of microRNAs and mRNAs in ovarian granulosa cells after microcystin-LR exposure. Toxicon 2017; 129:11-19. [PMID: 28161121 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2017.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Microcystin is a cyclic heptapeptide compounds which could cause female mammals' reproductive toxicity. Ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) are essential for the growth and development of follicles. In this study, after mouse granulosa cells (mGCs) treated with microcystin-LR (MC-LR) for 48 h, microRNAs (miRNAs) and mRNAs microarray technology were adopted to detect the expression of miRNAs and mRNAs. The results showed that 125 miRNAs and 283 mRNAs changed significantly, including 50 miRNAs down-regulated (fold change < -1.2), 75 miRNAs up-regulated (fold change > 1.2), 162 mRNAs down-regulated (fold change < -1.15) and 121 mRNAs up-regulated (fold change > 1.15) in treated group compared with the control group. Functional analysis showed that significant changed miRNAs and mRNAs are mainly involved in proliferation, apoptosis, immunity, metabolism and other biological processes of mGCs. By KEGG pathways analysis, we found that differentially expressed miRNAs and mRNAs mainly participated in apoptosis, formation of cancer, proliferation, production of hormones and other related signal pathways. miRNA-gene network analysis indicated that miR-29b-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-29c-3p, miR-1906, miR-182-5p, growth factor receptor bound protein 2-associated protein 2 (Gab2), FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene (Fos), insulin-like growth factor 1 (Igf1), mannosidase 1, alpha (Man1a) are key miRNAs and genes. The microarray results were validated by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR).
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23
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McGee E, Sawetawan C, Bird I, Rainey WE, Carr BR. The Effects of Insulin on 3β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Expression in Human Luteinized Granulosa Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/107155769500200306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Bruce R. Carr
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75235
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24
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He YM, Deng HH, Shi MH, Bodinga BM, Chen HL, Han ZS, Jiang ZL, Li QW. Melatonin modulates the functions of porcine granulosa cells via its membrane receptor MT2 in vitro. Anim Reprod Sci 2016; 172:164-72. [PMID: 27477115 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2016.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is documented as a hormone involved in the circadian regulation of physiological and neuroendocrine function in mammals. Herein, the effects of melatonin on the functions of porcine granulosa cells in vitro were investigated. Porcine granulosa cells were cultivated with variable concentrations of melatonin (0, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, and 10ng/mL) for 48h. Melatonin receptor agonist (IIK7) and antagonist (Luzindole, 4P-PDOT) were used to further examine the action of melatonin. The results showed optimum cell viability and colony-forming efficiency of porcine granulosa cells at 0.01ng/mL melatonin for 48-h incubation period. The percentage of apoptotic granulosa cells was significantly reduced by 0.01 and 0.1ng/mL melatonin within the 48-h incubation period as compared with the rest of the treatments. Estradiol biosynthesis was significantly stimulated by melatonin supplementation and suppressed for the progesterone secretion; the minimum ratio of progesterone to estradiol was 1.82 in 0.01ng/mL melatonin treatment after 48h of cultivation. Moreover, the expression of BCL-2, CYP17A1, CYP19A1, SOD1, and GPX4 were up-regulated by 0.01ng/mL melatonin or combined with IIK7, but decreased for the mRNA levels of BAX, P53, and CASPASE-3, as compared with control or groups treated with Luzindole or 4P-PDOT in the presence of melatonin. In conclusion, the study demonstrated that melatonin mediated proliferation, apoptosis, and steroidogenesis in porcine granulosa cells predominantly through the activation of melatonin receptor MT2 in vitro, which provided evidence of the beneficial role of melatonin as well as its functional mechanism in porcine granulosa cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Mei He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Hong-Hui Deng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Mei-Hong Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Bello Musa Bodinga
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Hua-Li Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Zeng-Sheng Han
- College of Environment and Chemistry Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, Hebei, PR China
| | - Zhong-Liang Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Qing-Wang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China; College of Environment and Chemistry Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, Hebei, PR China.
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Zhang H, Hao J, Li CY, Li T, Mu YL. Large moderately-differentiated ovarian Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor in a 13-year-old female: A case report. Oncol Lett 2016; 11:1110-1112. [PMID: 26893701 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor of the ovary, also known as androblastoma, is a rare neoplasm from the group of sex cord-stromal tumors of the ovary. The tumor accounts for <0.5% of all primary ovarian neoplasms. The clinical signs and symptoms of Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors can be associated with either hormonal production or the presence of a mass-occupying lesion. In the current study, a 13-year-old female was diagnosed with a stage Ic ovarian Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor following abdominal pain and distension. One month after a right oophorectomy, the follow-up magnetic resonance imaging scan was negative for residual or recurrent tumor. The overall 5-year survival rate for moderately-differentiated (grade 2) and poorly-differentiated (grade 3) Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors is 80%, and long-term follow-up is therefore highly advised in this patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Jing Hao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Yan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Lan Mu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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26
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Wang L, Li C, Li R, Deng Y, Tan Y, Tong C, Qi H. MicroRNA-764-3p regulates 17β-estradiol synthesis of mouse ovarian granulosa cells by targeting steroidogenic factor-1. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2015; 52:365-373. [PMID: 26676955 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-015-9977-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have reported that microRNA-764-3p (miR-764-3p) is one of the most up-regulated microRNAs (miRNAs) in TGF-β1-stimulated mouse ovarian granulosa cells. However, little is known about the roles and mechanisms of miR-764-3p in granulosa cell function during follicular development. In this study, we found that overexpression of miR-764-3p inhibited 17β-estradiol (E2) synthesis of granulosa cells through directly targeting steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1). MiR-764-3p inhibited SF-1 by affecting its messenger RNA (mRNA) stability, which subsequently suppressed the expression levels of Cyp19a1 gene (aromatase, a downstream target of SF-1). In addition, SF-1 was involved in regulation of miR-764-3p-mediated Cyp19a1 expression in granulosa cells which contributed, at least partially, to the effects of miR-764-3p on granulosa cell E2 release. These results suggest that miR-764-3p functions to decrease steroidogenesis by targeting SF-1, at least in part, through inactivation of Cyp19a1. Taken together, our data provide mechanistic insights into the roles of miR-764-3p on E2 synthesis. Understanding of potential miRNAs affecting estrogen synthesis will help to diagnose and treat steroid-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianlian Wang
- Department of Reproduction Health and Infertility, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.,China-Canada-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Li
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.,China-Canada-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Youlin Deng
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixin Tan
- Department of Medical Records, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Tong
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.,China-Canada-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbo Qi
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China. .,China-Canada-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.
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27
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Desai NA, Patel SS. Increased insulin-like growth factor-1 in relation to cardiovascular function in polycystic ovary syndrome: friend or foe? Gynecol Endocrinol 2015; 31:801-7. [PMID: 26288196 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2015.1075497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is very high and conventional risk factors only partially explain excessive risk of developing CVD in patients of PCOS. The pathophysiology of PCOS is very unique, and several hormonal and metabolic changes occur. Several observations suggest that serum IGF-1 levels decrease in insulin resistance, which results in IGF-1 deficiency. In patient of PCOS, close relationships have been demonstrated between insulin resistance and serum IGF-1 levels. Hyperinsulinemic insulin resistance results in a general augmentation of steroidogenesis and LH release in PCOS. The action of IGF-1 varies in different tissues possibly via autocrine or paracrine mechanisms. The increase or decrease in IGF-1 in different tissues results in differential outcomes. Several studies suggest that lowered circulating IGF-1 levels play important role in the initiation of the cardiac hypertrophic response which results in the risk of cardiovascular disease. While recent results suggests that individual with elevated IGF-1 is protected against cardiovascular disease. Thus IGF-1 shows versatile pleiotropic actions. This review provides a current perspective on increased level of IGF-1 in PCOS and also adds to the current controversy regarding the roles of IGF-1 in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Ajaykumar Desai
- a Department of Pharmacology , Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University , Ahmedabad , Gujarat , India
| | - Snehal S Patel
- a Department of Pharmacology , Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University , Ahmedabad , Gujarat , India
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M'baye M, Hua G, Khan HA, Yang L. RNAi-mediated knockdown of INHBB increases apoptosis and inhibits steroidogenesis in mouse granulosa cells. J Reprod Dev 2015; 61:391-7. [PMID: 26063610 PMCID: PMC4623144 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2014-158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibins are members of the TGFβ superfamily and act as suppressors
of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion from pituitary glands
via a negative feedback mechanism to regulate folliculogenesis. In
this study, the INHBB gene was knocked down by three
RNAi-Ready pSIREN-RetroQ-ZsGreen vector- mediated recombinant plasmids
to explore the effects of INHBB silencing on
granulosa cell (GC) cell cycle, apoptosis and steroid production
in vitro. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain
reaction, Western blot, flow cytometry and ELISA were performed to
evaluate the role of INHBB in the mouse GC cell
cycle, apoptosis and steroid production in vitro. The
results showed that the relative mRNA and protein expression of
INHBB in mouse GCs can be significantly reduced by
RNAi with pshRNA-B1, pshRNA-B2 and pshRNA-B3 plasmids, with pshRNA-B3
having the best knockdown efficiency. Downregulation of the expression
of INHBB significantly arrests cells in the G1 phase
of the cell cycle and increases the apoptosis rate in GCs. This was
further confirmed by downregulation of the protein expressions of
Cyclin D1, Cyclin E and Bcl2, while the protein expression of Bax was
upregulated. In addition, specific downregulation of
INHBB markedly decreased the concentration of
estradiol and progesterone, which was further validated by the
decrease in the mRNA levels of CYP19A1and
CYP11A1. These findings suggest that inhibin βB is
important in the regulation of apoptosis and cell cycle progression in
granulosa cells. Furthermore, the inhibin βB subunit has a role in the
regulation of steroid hormone biosynthesis. Evidence is accumulating
to support the concept that inhibin βB is physiologically essential
for early folliculogenesis in the mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M'baye
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
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Moghazy D, Sharan C, Nair M, Rackauskas C, Burnette R, Diamond M, Al-Hendy O, Al-Hendy A. Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor with unique nail findings in a post-menopausal woman: a case report and literature review. J Ovarian Res 2014; 7:83. [PMID: 25296983 PMCID: PMC4244065 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-014-0083-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor (SLCT) is a rare sex-cord tumor that usually occurs unilaterally and accounts for < 0.5% of all ovarian tumors. SLCT is uncommon in post-menopausal women, with the average age of diagnosis being 25 years. Case We present a case of a 63-year-old post-menopausal woman presenting with progressive hirsutism, and male-pattern baldness. Unusual nail changes were also observed. Methods Hormonal profile of the patient revealed increased testosterone and estradiol levels, and a 3.5 cm left ovarian mass. The patient was evaluated and was not found to be anemic or iron-deficient. Intraoperative frozen section assessment during laparoscopic exploration revealed SLCT, which was confirmed subsequently by histopathological and immunohistochemical (IHC) examination. Nail bed tissues were collected from normal females and evaluated by IHC for the presence of androgen receptors (AR). Results The patient had an excellent postoperative course and all her testosterone-related manifestations were reversed within one year of surgery. Following surgery, the patient’s unique nail abnormalities also resolved gradually. The IHC evaluation also confirmed the presence of AR in nail bed tissues of females. Conclusion SLCT, albeit rare, should be considered in post-menopausal women presenting with virilization and elevated androgen levels. Unusual nail signs may develop in response to increased androgen levels in these patients.
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30
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Emori MM, Drapkin R. The hormonal composition of follicular fluid and its implications for ovarian cancer pathogenesis. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2014; 12:60. [PMID: 24997727 PMCID: PMC4105128 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-12-60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovulation has long been associated with an increased risk in ovarian cancer, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms remain obscure. Two aspects of ovulation have been linked to ovarian cancer pathogenesis. The first is the impact of repetitive tissue injury and repair that occurs with each ovulatory event. The second is the release of follicular fluid that accompanies the follicular rupture and its effect on the ovarian and fallopian tube epithelial cells. Hormones are an important component of follicular fluid, which transiently bathes the ovarian surface and fallopian tube epithelium during ovulation. Much work has been done exploring the role of hormones in fertility, but some, such as estrogen, have also been implicated in the pathogenesis of ovarian and other cancers. Understanding the role of hormones within follicular fluid, as well as how they are altered in disorders which increase ovarian cancer risk, will enhance our ability to assess risk and develop preventative strategies. This review provides an in depth discussion of the logistics of using and studying follicular fluid in ovarian cancer research, and discusses the fluctuations in follicular fluid hormone levels during normal physiological processes versus conditions that increase ovarian cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M Emori
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ronny Drapkin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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31
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Abstract
The insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) pathways and glucose metabolism act as mediators of human ovarian function and female fertility. In normal insulin action, insulin binds to its own receptors in the ovary to mediate steroidogenesis and act as a co-gonadotropin. Insulin with other factors may influence ovarian growth and cyst formation. The IGF pathway also seems to influence normal ovarian function. Insulin signaling affects reproductive function. Dysregulation of this pathway leads to altered puberty, ovulation, and fertility. Better understanding of the normal physiology and pathophysiology of insulin, IGF, and glucose effects on the human reproductive system will allow for better outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindita Nandi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Beth Israel Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 317 East 17th Street, 7th Floor, New York, NY 10003, USA
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Noorafshan A, Ahmadi M, Mesbah SF, Karbalay-Doust S. Stereological study of the effects of letrozole and estradiol valerate treatment on the ovary of rats. Clin Exp Reprod Med 2013; 40:115-21. [PMID: 24179868 PMCID: PMC3811724 DOI: 10.5653/cerm.2013.40.3.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Letrozole and estradiol valerate are used to treat some hormonally-responsive symptoms and also in modeling of the polycystic ovary syndrome. However, the stereological analysis of the ovary has received less attention. Estimation of the whole ovary volume using the Cavalieri method can be applied in any orientation desired, but estimation of the mean volume of the oocytes requires isotropic uniform random sectioning. Here, a combined method was developed for estimating the parameters. To our knowledge, no comparison has been made of the effects of letrozole and estradiol on the ovary. Methods Sixty rats were divided into 4 groups receiving estradiol (4 mg/kg), olive oil, letrozole (1 mg/kg), or normal saline. After 21 days, their ovaries were studied. Results Relative to the control group, the total volume of the ovary and the cortex increased in the letrozole-treated and estradiol-treated rats. In addition, the number of the preantral, antral, and granulosa cells decreased by 43% to 56% in the letrozole- and estradiol-treated rats. On average, a 19% increase was observed in the atretic oocytes of the letrozole-treated and estradiol-treated rats, but the mean oocyte volume decreased by 29% to 44% in letrozole- and estradiol-treated rats. Furthermore, the letrozole-treated rats showed a 5-fold and 7-fold increase in the volume of the cysts and corpus luteum, respectively. A 3-fold increase was found in the volume of both the cysts and corpus luteum in the estradiol group. Conclusion The structural changes of the ovary were most pronounced in the letrozole-treated animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Noorafshan
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. ; Anatomy Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Hackbart KS, Cunha PM, Meyer RK, Wiltbank MC. Effect of glucocorticoid-induced insulin resistance on follicle development and ovulation. Biol Reprod 2013; 88:153. [PMID: 23616591 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.113.107862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by hyperandrogenemia, polycystic ovaries, and menstrual disturbance and a clear association with insulin resistance. This research evaluated whether induction of insulin resistance, using dexamethasone (DEX), in a monovular animal model, the cow, could produce an ovarian phenotype similar to PCOS. In all of these experiments, DEX induced insulin resistance in cows as shown by increased glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance). Experiment 1: DEX induced anovulation (zero of five DEX vs. four of four control cows ovulated) and decreased circulating estradiol (E2). Experiment 2: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) was administered to determine pituitary and follicular responses during insulin resistance. GnRH induced a luteinizing hormone (LH) surge and ovulation in both DEX (seven of seven) and control (seven of seven) cows. Experiment 3: E2 was administered to determine hypothalamic responsiveness after induction of an E2 surge in DEX (eight of eight) and control (eight of eight) cows. An LH surge was induced in control (eight of eight) but not DEX (zero of eight) cows. All control (eight of eight) but only two of eight DEX cows ovulated within 60 h of E2 administration. Experiment 4: Short-term DEX was initiated 24 h after induced luteal regression to determine if DEX could acutely block ovulation before peak insulin resistance was induced, similar to progesterone (P4). All control (five of five), no P4-treated (zero of six), and 50% of DEX-treated (three of six) cows ovulated by 96 h after luteal regression. All anovular cows had reduced circulating E2. These data are consistent with DEX creating a lesion in hypothalamic positive feedback to E2 without altering pituitary responsiveness to GnRH or ovulatory responsiveness of follicles to LH. It remains to be determined if the considerable insulin resistance and the reduced follicular E2 production induced by DEX had any physiological importance in the induction of anovulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine S Hackbart
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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Dedifferentiated follicular granulosa cells derived from pig ovary can transdifferentiate into osteoblasts. Biochem J 2012; 447:239-48. [PMID: 22839299 PMCID: PMC3459222 DOI: 10.1042/bj20120172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Transdifferentiation is the conversion of cells from one differentiated cell type into another. How functionally differentiated cells already committed to a specific cell lineage can transdifferentiate into other cell types is a key question in cell biology and regenerative medicine. In the present study we show that porcine ovarian follicular GCs (granulosa cells) can transdifferentiate into osteoblasts in vitro and in vivo. Pure GCs isolated and cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium supplemented with 20% FBS (fetal bovine serum) proliferated and dedifferentiated into fibroblast-like cells. We referred to these cells as DFOG (dedifferentiated follicular granulosa) cells. Microarray analysis showed that DFOG cells lost expression of GC-specific marker genes, but gained the expression of osteogenic marker genes during dedifferentiation. After osteogenic induction, DFOG cells underwent terminal osteoblast differentiation and matrix mineralization in vitro. Furthermore, when DFOG cells were transplanted subcutaneously into SCID mice, these cells formed ectopic osteoid tissue. These results indicate that DFOG cells derived from GCs can differentiate into osteoblasts in vitro and in vivo. We suggest that GCs provide a useful model for studying the mechanisms of transdifferentiation into other cell lineages in functionally differentiated cells.
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35
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Thompson ME, Muller MN, Wrangham RW. The energetics of lactation and the return to fecundity in wild chimpanzees. Behav Ecol 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/ars107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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36
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Alterations in follicular fluid estradiol, progesterone and insulin concentrations during ovarian acyclicity in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Anim Reprod Sci 2012; 130:27-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2011.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2011] [Revised: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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37
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Xiao Y, Ni Y, Huang Y, Wu J, Grossmann R, Zhao R. Effects of kisspeptin-10 on progesterone secretion in cultured chicken ovarian granulosa cells from preovulatory (F1-F3) follicles. Peptides 2011; 32:2091-7. [PMID: 21924307 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2011.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2011] [Revised: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The effect of kisspeptin-10 (Kp-10) on the secretion of progesterone (P(4)) was investigated in cultured granulosa cells from F(1) to F(3) follicles of hens. The results showed that granulosa cells were stained with clear signals for kisspeptin using immunocytochemistry with the specific antibody against Kp-10. Among 10, 100 and 1000 nM concentrations tested, 100 nM Kp-10 treated for 24h significantly increased P(4) secretion in granulosa cells from F(1) to F(3) follicles. After 24h and 48 h of treatment, 100 nM Kp-10 showed a significant increase in P(4) secretion, while after 72 h of treatment P(4) secretion was markedly decreased by Kp-10 compared to the control group (P<0.05). F(1) and F(2/3) cells treated with 100 nM Kp-10 for 24h showed significantly increased viability (P<0.05) and which was in parallel to a marked increase in P(4) secretion (P<0.01). Real-time PCR results showed that the gene expression of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), cytochrome P450 side-chain cleavage (P450scc) and the enzyme 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) in F(1) and F(2/3) granulosa cells was significantly up-regulated by 24h-100 nM Kp-10 treatment (P<0.05 versus P<0.01, respectively). However, there was no significant difference in StAR, P450scc and 3β-HSD protein content between control and the Kp-10 treated group (P>0.05). These results indicate that Kp-10 stimulates P(4) secretion in cultured chicken granulosa cells, which was associated with an up-regulation in StAR, P450scc and 3β-HSD gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqi Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
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38
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Burul-Bozkurt N, Pekiner C, Kelicen P. Diabetes alters aromatase enzyme levels in gonadal tissues of rats. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2010; 382:33-41. [PMID: 20428845 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-010-0518-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2009] [Accepted: 04/12/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with increased risk of reproductive problems. Estrogens have important roles in reproductive processes in both genders. Aromatase catalyzes the conversion of androgens to estrogens and is expressed in a variety of tissues. Although it is known that insulin regulate the activity of aromatase, there are few data about the effects of diabetes on this enzyme. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of experimental diabetes on aromatase expression levels in ovary, testis, uterus, and vas deferens tissues of female and male rats. Rats were injected with streptozotocin to induce diabetes. At the end of 4 and 12 weeks, tissue homogenates were prepared and evaluated for aromatase proteins by western blot. Uterus and vas deferens smooth muscle responses were also evaluated. Aromatase expression levels in ovary were significantly decreased both in 4 and 12 weeks of diabetes. In testis, enzyme levels were not altered at 4 weeks, but significantly decreased at 12 weeks of diabetes. In uterus and vas deferens tissues, no significant differences were observed at aromatase immunoreactivity but uterus and vas deferens smooth muscle responses were altered. These results indicated for the first time that DM altered the expression levels of aromatase both in ovary and testis but did not affect enzyme levels in uterus and vas deferens tissues. Altered smooth muscle responses did not correlate with tissue aromatase levels. Altogether, these findings lead us to suggest that aromatase might be an important target molecule in sexual dysfunction seen in DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Burul-Bozkurt
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Hacettepe University, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey.
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Pasquali R, Gambineri A. Targeting insulin sensitivity in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2009; 13:1205-26. [PMID: 19650762 DOI: 10.1517/14728220903190699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Targeting insulin resistance may result in a list of benefits for women with PCOS, including hormonal, metabolic and ovulatory (and fertility) improvements. The therapeutic strategy to treat PCOS should however depend on the clinical situation, the phenotype, the degree of androgen excess, age, the presence of infertility and the woman's desire to conceive, the presence of obesity and, finally, the spectrum of metabolic abnormalities and the need to treat or prevent long-term associated comorbidities. According to the needs, therapeutic options include, alone or in combination, lifestyle management, particularly in the presence of obesity, the use of insulin sensitizers, metformin and thiazolidinediones, antiandrogens or estro-progestins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Pasquali
- University Alma Mater Studiorum, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Bologna, Italy.
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Burul-Bozkurt N, Pekiner C, Kelicen P. Diabetes alters aromatase enzyme levels in sciatic nerve and hippocampus tissues of rats. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2009; 30:445-51. [PMID: 19838799 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-009-9469-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2009] [Accepted: 09/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with increased risk of impaired cognitive function. Diabetic neuropathy is one of the most common and important complications of DM. Estrogens prevent neuronal loss in experimental models of neurodegeneration and accelerate nerve regeneration. Aromatase catalyzes the conversion of androgens to estrogens and expressed in a variety of tissues including neurons. Although insulin is known to regulate the activity of aromatase there is no study about the effects of diabetes on this enzyme. Present study was designed to investigate the effects of experimental diabetes on aromatase expression in nervous system. Gender-based differences were also investigated. Rats were injected with streptozotocin to induce diabetes. At the end of 4 and 12 weeks sciatic nerve and hippocampus homogenates were prepared and evaluated for aromatase proteins. Aromatase expressions in sciatic nerves of both genders were decreased in 4 weeks of diabetes, but in 12 weeks the enzyme levels were increased in females and reached to control levels in male animals. Aromatase levels were not altered in hippocampus at 4 weeks but increased at 12 weeks in female diabetic rats. No significant differences were observed at enzyme levels of hippocampus in male diabetic rats. Insulin therapy prevented all diabetes-induced changes. In conclusion, these results indicated for the first time that, DM altered the expression of aromatase both in central and peripheral nervous systems. Peripheral nervous system is more vulnerable to damage than central nervous system in diabetes. These effects of diabetes differ with gender and compensatory neuroprotective mechanisms are more efficient in female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihan Burul-Bozkurt
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Hacettepe University, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey.
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Rice S, Pellatt L, Ramanathan K, Whitehead SA, Mason HD. Metformin inhibits aromatase via an extracellular signal-regulated kinase-mediated pathway. Endocrinology 2009; 150:4794-801. [PMID: 19574398 PMCID: PMC2749730 DOI: 10.1210/en.2009-0540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Metformin treatment, now widely prescribed in polycystic ovary syndrome, is aimed at correcting the associated insulin resistance, but it has also been shown to directly inhibit ovarian steroidogenesis. The mechanisms, however, by which metformin inhibits estradiol production in human granulosa cells remains unknown. Granulosa luteal cells were incubated with metformin, insulin, or combined metformin and insulin treatment, and aromatase mRNA expression was quantified using real-time RT-PCR. Enzyme activity was assessed by the conversion of (3)H-androstenedione to estrone and estradiol. Metformin's effect on the expression of specific untranslated first exon aromatase promoters was analyzed using semiquantitative PCR. The involvement of MAPK kinase (MEK)/ERK pathway was investigated by immunoblotting for aromatase, phosphorylated, and total ERK-1,2 from cells cultured as above with/without the MEK inhibitor PD98059. Metformin significantly inhibited basal and insulin-stimulated aromatase mRNA expression, with parallel results from the aromatase activity assay and protein assessment. This suppression was via down-regulation of aromatase promoter II, I.3, and 1.4 expression and was reversed by the addition of PD98059. Involvement of the ERK signaling pathway was demonstrated by the significant increase in phosphorylated ERK-1,2 with the combined metformin and insulin treatment. We have shown for the first time in human granulosa cells that metformin signficantly attenuated basal and insulin-stimulated P450 aromatase mRNA expression and activity, via silencing of key promoters. This occurred by activation of MEK/ERK pathway, which negatively regulated aromatase production. This is an important consideration given metformin's widespread use in polycystic ovary syndrome and may further support a possible therapeutic indication in estrogen-dependent breast tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Rice
- Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Bachelor of Medicine, St George's, University of London, London SW17 0RE, United Kingdom.
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Kim NN. Sex steroid hormones in diabetes-induced sexual dysfunction: focus on the female gender. J Sex Med 2009; 6 Suppl 3:239-46. [PMID: 19267847 DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2008.01182.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetes is associated with gender-specific changes in sex steroid hormones. However, the mechanisms responsible for these associations as well as the link to sexual dysfunction are not well understood. AIM To discuss key clinical and laboratory findings linking diabetes, sex steroid hormones, and sexual dysfunction, with particular focus on the female gender. METHODS A comprehensive literature review was conducted using the PubMed database. Search terms were used in appropriate combinations, including diabetes, insulin, insulin sensitivity, androgen, estrogen, sexual function, women, men, estrogen receptor, and androgen receptor. Over 400 citations were selected, based on topical relevance, and examined for study methodology and major findings. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Data from peer-reviewed publications. RESULTS Imbalances in sex steroid hormone levels are strongly associated with diabetes and this may negatively impact upon sexual function. Although numerous factors are likely to contribute to the development of diabetes and its complications, the role of sex steroid hormones must be acknowledged. CONCLUSIONS Research related to diabetic women and sexual dysfunction is severely lacking. Identifying underlying causes for a given hormonal imbalance in diabetic patients, as well as determination of genetic and age-dependent factors, will become important in identifying the subpopulations in which hormonal replacement regimens will be most effective. Investigation into treating diabetic patients with adjunct hormonal therapies or steroid hormone receptor modulators holds much promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noel N Kim
- The Institute for Sexual Medicine, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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Bertuccio P, Praud D, Chatenoud L, Lucenteforte E, Bosetti C, Pelucchi C, Rossi M, Negri E, La Vecchia C. Dietary glycemic load and gastric cancer risk in Italy. Br J Cancer 2009; 100:558-61. [PMID: 19190635 PMCID: PMC2658547 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6604894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated gastric cancer risk in relation to dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL), which represent indirect measures of carbohydrate absorption and consequently of dietary insulin demand, in a case-control study conducted in northern Italy between 1997 and 2007, including 230 patients with the incident, histologically confirmed gastric cancer and 547 frequency matched controls, admitted to the same hospitals as cases with acute non-neoplastic conditions. We used conditional logistic regression models, including terms for major recognised gastric cancer risk factors and non-carbohydrate energy intake. The odds ratios (ORs) in the highest vs lowest quintile were 1.9 (95% CI: 1.0–3.3) for GI and 2.5 (95% CI: 1.3–4.9) for GL. Compared with participants reporting low GL and high fruits/vegetables intake, the OR rose across strata of high GL and low fruits/vegetables, to reach 5.0 (95% CI: 2.2–11.5) for those reporting low fruits/vegetables intake and high GL. Our study may help to explain the direct relation observed in several studies between starchy foods and gastric cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bertuccio
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via Giuseppe La Masa, 19, 20156 Milan, Italy.
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Emery Thompson M, Muller MN, Wrangham RW, Lwanga JS, Potts KB. Urinary C-peptide tracks seasonal and individual variation in energy balance in wild chimpanzees. Horm Behav 2009; 55:299-305. [PMID: 19084530 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2008.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2008] [Revised: 11/11/2008] [Accepted: 11/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
C-peptide of insulin presents a promising new tool for behavioral ecologists that allows for regular, non-invasive assessment of energetic condition in wild animals. C-peptide is produced on an equimolar basis with insulin, thus is indicative of the body's response to available glucose and, with repeated measurement, provides a biomarker of energy balance. As yet, few studies have validated the efficacy of C-peptide for monitoring energy balance in wild animals. Here, we assess seasonal and interindividual variation in urinary C-peptide concentrations of East African chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii). We assayed 519 urine samples from 13 adult male chimpanzees in the Kanyawara community of Kibale National Park, Uganda. C-peptide levels were significantly predicted by the total amount of fruit and the amount of preferred fruit in the diet. However, chimpanzees had very low C-peptide titers during an epidemic of severe respiratory illness, despite highly favorable feeding conditions. Kanyawara males had significantly lower C-peptide levels than males at Ngogo, a nearby chimpanzee community occupying a more productive habitat. Among Kanyawara males, low-ranking males had consistently higher C-peptide levels than dominant males. While counterintuitive, this result supports previous findings of costs associated with dominance in male chimpanzees. Our preliminary investigations demonstrate that C-peptide has wide applications in field research, providing an accessible tool for evaluating seasonal and individual variation in energetic condition, as well as the costs of processes such as immune function and reproduction.
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Braunstein GD, Johnson BD, Stanczyk FZ, Bittner V, Berga SL, Shaw L, Hodgson TK, Paul-Labrador M, Azziz R, Merz CNB. Relations between endogenous androgens and estrogens in postmenopausal women with suspected ischemic heart disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008; 93:4268-75. [PMID: 18728170 PMCID: PMC2582570 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2008-0792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Because androgens are obligatory precursors of estrogens, it is reasonable to assume that their serum concentrations would exhibit positive correlations. If so, then epidemiologic studies that examine the association between androgens and pathological processes should adjust the results for the independent effect of estrogens. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to examine the interrelationships among testosterone (T), androstenedione, estradiol (E2), estrone, and SHBG in postmenopausal women. DESIGN This was a cross-sectional study of women participating in the National Heart, Blood, and Lung Institute-sponsored Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation study. SETTING The study was conducted at four academic medical centers. PATIENTS A total of 284 postmenopausal women with chest pain symptoms or suspected myocardial ischemia. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Post hoc analysis of the relationships among sex steroid hormones with insulin resistance, body mass index (BMI), and presence or absence of coronary artery disease as determined by coronary angiography. RESULTS BMI was significantly associated with insulin resistance, total E2, free E2, bioavailable E2, and free T. Highly significant correlations were found for total T, free T, and androstenedione with total E2, free E2, bioavailable E2, and estrone and persisted after adjustment for BMI and insulin resistance. A significant relationship was present between total and free T and the presence of coronary artery disease after adjustment for the effect of E2. CONCLUSIONS Serum levels of androgens and estrogens track closely in postmenopausal women referred for coronary angiography for suspected myocardial ischemia. Epidemiological studies that relate sex steroid hormones to physiological or pathological processes need to control for the independent effect of both estrogens and androgens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn D Braunstein
- Department of Medicine, Room 2119, Plaza Level, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA.
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Holloway AC, Anger DA, Crankshaw DJ, Wu M, Foster WG. Atrazine-induced changes in aromatase activity in estrogen sensitive target tissues. J Appl Toxicol 2008; 28:260-70. [PMID: 17685393 DOI: 10.1002/jat.1275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Atrazine (ATR) is a pesticide used widely throughout North America. Although not directly estrogenic, ATR treatment has been shown to increase aromatase activity in tumor cell lines. Thus, it is suggested that ATR can increase local tissue estrogen levels in estrogen sensitive target tissues through increased aromatase activity. Therefore the effect of ATR on aromatase activity was measured in human granulosa-lutein cell cultures, cells that abundantly express aromatase, and endometrial stromal cell (ESC) cultures, cells that do not express aromatase. Aromatase activity was quantified by the tritiated water method and the specificity of the assay was confirmed by co-incubation with 4-hydroxyandrostenedione, an irreversible inhibitor of the catalytic activity of aromatase. Aromatase activity in ATR treated (1-10 microm) granulosa-lutein cells was increased more than 2-fold compared with control cultures. There were no treatment related changes in cellular protein and thus it is suggested that the ATR-induced change in aromatase activity was not due to an increase in cell number. ATR-treatment had no effect on ESC aromatase activity at any concentration tested. Similarly, there was no effect of ATR treatment on human recombinant aromatase activity in our cell-free test system. Therefore it is concluded that microm concentrations of ATR can increase aromatase activity of human granulosa cells but not ESC and this effect is not elicited at the enzyme level.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Holloway
- Reproductive Biology Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Gnagnarella P, Gandini S, La Vecchia C, Maisonneuve P. Glycemic index, glycemic load, and cancer risk: a meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 2008; 87:1793-801. [PMID: 18541570 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/87.6.1793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Factors linked to glucose metabolism play an important role in the development of cancers, and both glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) have been investigated as potential etiologic factors. OBJECTIVE A meta-analysis was performed to explore the association between GI and GL and cancer risk from published studies. DESIGN A comprehensive, systematic bibliographic search of the medical literature was conducted to identify relevant studies. Case-control and cohort studies published before October 2007 that reported cancer risk estimates for GI and GL were included. Pooled relative risks (RRs) were estimated for breast, colorectal, endometrial, and pancreatic cancer. RESULTS Thirty-nine studies were included in the meta-analysis. The interquantile ranges of GL were significantly wider in case-control studies, most of which were conducted in European countries, than in cohort studies. Cohort studies that presented lower ranges of GL also reported lower risk estimates. Overall, both GL and GI were significantly associated with a greater risk of colorectal (summary RR = 1.26; 95% CI: 1.11, 1.44 and RR = 1.18; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.34, respectively) and endometrial (RR = 1.36; 95% CI: 1.14, 1.62 and RR = 1.22; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.49) cancer than of breast and pancreatic cancer. There was, however, a significant between-study heterogeneity for colorectal cancer (P < 0.0001). The association between GL and breast cancer disappeared when publication bias was taken into account. No association was found for pancreatic cancer. CONCLUSION This comprehensive meta-analysis of GI and GL and cancer risk suggested an overall direct association with colorectal and endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Gnagnarella
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy.
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Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Argyrakopoulou G, Economou F, Kandaraki E, Koutsilieris M. Defects in insulin signaling pathways in ovarian steroidogenesis and other tissues in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2008; 109:242-6. [PMID: 18440223 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2008.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy in women of reproductive age today. Women with PCOS often demonstrate defective ovarian steroid biosynthesis and present with hyperandrogenemia. Moreover, 50-70% of PCOS women are insulin resistant and hyperinsulinemic. Insulin acts on the ovary via its own receptor and interacts with gonadotrophins, modulating steroidogenesis. The precise role of insulin and the molecular mechanisms that take place are not yet completely explicated. This review will be focused on insulin's action on the ovary and other target tissues, describing the intracellular signaling pathways implicated in steroidogenesis and their defects in women with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evanthia Diamanti-Kandarakis
- Endocrine Section, First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Athens Medical School, 17 Ag. Thoma, Goudi 11527, Athens, Greece.
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Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Papavassiliou AG. Molecular mechanisms of insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome. Trends Mol Med 2006; 12:324-32. [PMID: 16769248 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2006.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2006] [Revised: 04/04/2006] [Accepted: 05/22/2006] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrinopathy of unknown aetiology that affects women of reproductive age. During the past ten years, defective insulin activity in PCOS has been demonstrated in target tissues and causes insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia. Furthermore, presence of insulin receptors in the ovarian tissue and overproduction of androgens by theca cells leads to characteristic hyperandrogenaemia. Recent data suggest a divergence in post-receptor signalling pathways for insulin in its target tissues (muscle, adipocytes and ovarian tissue), where the metabolic pathway of insulin activity is defective, whereas the activation of steroidogenesis is maintained. Investigators are still searching for clues to understand the cause of this enigmatic syndrome, despite great advances in molecular medicine and genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evanthia Diamanti-Kandarakis
- Endocrine Section, 1st Department of Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, GR-11527 Athens, Greece.
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50
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Kim NN, Stankovic M, Cushman TT, Goldstein I, Munarriz R, Traish AM. Streptozotocin-induced diabetes in the rat is associated with changes in vaginal hemodynamics, morphology and biochemical markers. BMC PHYSIOLOGY 2006; 6:4. [PMID: 16734901 PMCID: PMC1481539 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6793-6-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2006] [Accepted: 05/30/2006] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Diabetes is associated with declining sexual function in women. However, the effects of diabetes on genital tissue structure, innervation and function remains poorly characterized. In control and streptozotocin-treated female rats, we investigated the effects of diabetes on vaginal blood flow, tissue morphology, and expression of arginase I, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG), key enzymes that regulate smooth muscle relaxation. We further related these changes with estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and androgen receptor (AR) expression. Results In addition to significantly elevated blood glucose levels, diabetic rats had decreased mean body weight, lower levels of plasma estradiol, and higher plasma testosterone concentration, compared to age-matched controls. Eight weeks after administration of buffer (control) or 65 mg/kg of streptozotocin (diabetic), the vaginal blood flow response to pelvic nerve stimulation was significantly reduced in diabetic rats. Histological examination of vaginal tissue from diabetic animals showed reduced epithelial thickness and atrophy of the muscularis layer. Diabetic animals also had reduced vaginal levels of eNOS and arginase I, but elevated levels of PKG, as assessed by Western blot analyses. These alterations were accompanied by a reduction in both ERα and AR in nuclear extracts of vaginal tissue from diabetic animals. Conclusion In ovariectomized (estrogen deficient) animals, previous reports from our lab and others have documented changes in blood flow, tissue structure, ERα, arginase I and eNOS that parallel those observed in diabetic rats. We hypothesize that diabetes may lead to multiple disruptions in sex steroid hormone synthesis, metabolism and action. These pathological events may cause dramatic changes in tissue structure and key enzymes that regulate cell growth and smooth muscle contractility, ultimately affecting the genital response during sexual arousal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noel N Kim
- Institute for Sexual Medicine, Department of Urology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, USA
| | - Miljan Stankovic
- Institute for Sexual Medicine, Department of Urology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, USA
| | - Tulay T Cushman
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, USA
| | - Irwin Goldstein
- Institute for Sexual Medicine, Department of Urology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, USA
| | - Ricardo Munarriz
- Institute for Sexual Medicine, Department of Urology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, USA
| | - Abdulmaged M Traish
- Institute for Sexual Medicine, Department of Urology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, USA
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