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Xu C, Owen JE, Gislason T, Benediktsdottir B, Robinson SR. Quantitative analysis of size and regional distribution of corpora amylacea in the hippocampal formation of obstructive sleep apnoea patients. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20892. [PMID: 34686751 PMCID: PMC8536671 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99795-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Corpora amylacea (CoA) are spherical aggregates of glucose polymers and proteins within the periventricular, perivascular and subpial regions of the cerebral cortex and the hippocampal cornu ammonis (CA) subfields. The present study quantified the distribution of CoA in autopsied hippocampi of patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) using ethanolamine-induced fluorescence. CoA were observed in 29 of 30 patients (96.7%). They were most abundant in periventricular regions (wall of lateral ventricle, alveus, fimbria and CA4), rarely found in the CA3 and CA1, and undetectable in the CA2 or subiculum. A spatiotemporal sequence of CoA deposition was postulated, beginning in the fimbria and progressively spreading around the subpial layer until they extended medially to the wall of the lateral ventricle and laterally to the collateral sulcus. This ranked CoA sequence was positively correlated with CoA packing density (count and area fraction) and negatively correlated with CoA minimum diameters (p < 0.05). Although this sequence was not correlated with age or body mass index (BMI), age was positively correlated with the mean and maximum diameters of CoA. These findings support the view that the spatiotemporal sequence of CoA deposition is independent of age, and that CoA become larger due to the accretion of new material over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuicui Xu
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Jessica E Owen
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Thorarinn Gislason
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Sleep, Landspitali - The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Landspitali - The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Bryndis Benediktsdottir
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Sleep, Landspitali - The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Landspitali - The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Stephen R Robinson
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia. .,Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia. .,School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, College of Science, Engineering & Health, RMIT University, PO Box 71, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia.
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2
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Fluorescently labelled glycans and their applications. Glycoconj J 2015; 32:559-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-015-9611-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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3
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Inlow D, McRae J, Ben-Bassat A. Fermentation of corn starch to ethanol with genetically engineered yeast. Biotechnol Bioeng 2012; 32:227-34. [PMID: 18584739 DOI: 10.1002/bit.260320213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Expression of the glucoamylase gene from Aspergillus awamori by laboratory and distiller's strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae allowed them to ferment soluble starch. Approximately 95% of the carbohydrates in the starch were utilized. Glycerol production was significantly decreased when soluble starch was used instead of glucose. Ethanol yield on soluble starch was higher than that on glucose. The rate of starch fermentation was directly related to the level of glucoamylase activity. Strains with higher levels of glucoamylase expression fermented starch faster. The decline in starch fermentation rates toward the end of the fermentation was associated with accumulation of disaccharides and limit dextrins, poor substrates for glucoamylase. The buildup of these products in continuous fermentations inhibited glucoamylase activity and complete utilization of the starch. Under these conditions maltose-fermenting strains had a significant advantage over nonfermenting strains. The synthesis and secretion of glucoamylase showed no deleterious effects on cell growth rates, fermetation rates, and fermentation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Inlow
- Cetus Corporation, 1400 Fifty-Third Street, Emeryville, California 94608
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4
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Miyagi M, Yokoyama H, Hibi T. Sugar microanalysis by HPLC with benzoylation: Improvement via introduction of a C-8 cartridge and a high efficiency ODS column. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2007; 854:286-90. [PMID: 17540624 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2007] [Revised: 03/12/2007] [Accepted: 04/24/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
An HPLC protocol for sugar microanalysis based on the formation of ultraviolet-absorbing benzoyl chloride derivatives was improved. Here, samples were prepared with a C-8 cartridge and analyzed with a high efficiency ODS column, in which porous spherical silica particles 3 microm in diameter were packed. These devices allowed us to simultaneously quantify multiple sugars and sugar alcohols up to 10 ng/ml and to provide satisfactory separations of some sugars, such as fructose and myo-inositol and sorbitol and mannitol. This protocol, which does not require special apparatuses, should become a powerful tool in sugar research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiko Miyagi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi Shinjukuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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5
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Kinoshita T, Kamitani Y, Yoshida J, Urano T, Nimura N, Hanai T. Ultramicro Analysis of Reducing and Non-Reducing Sugars by Liquid Chromatography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/01483919108049663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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6
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Effects of a nonionic surfactant on the behavior of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens α-amylase in the hydrolysis of malto-oligosaccharide. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s11743-006-0376-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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7
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Tanaka A, Hoshino E. Secondary calcium-binding parameter of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens alpha-amylase obtained from inhibition kinetics. J Biosci Bioeng 2005; 96:262-7. [PMID: 16233519 DOI: 10.1016/s1389-1723(03)80191-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2003] [Accepted: 06/09/2003] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Calcium is required for the stabilization of alpha-amylase because of primary binding (essential binding), but has been shown to inhibit hydrolytic catalysis due to secondary binding at the catalytic site in the enzyme. The role of calcium in the hydrolysis of soluble amylose by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens alpha-amylase was characterized using the equilibrium dissociation constant (K(m)) and k(cat) for the hydrolytic catalysis. The enzymatic hydrolysis was inhibited by a relatively high concentration of calcium ions ([Ca2+] > or = 2.0 mM). The dissociation constant (Km) was increased with increasing calcium ion concentration. Because k(cat) was practically constant at the high calcium concentration range, a competitive inhibition kinetic model was applied to calculate the inhibition parameters in terms of the secondary calcium binding to the alpha-amylase. The enthalpy and entropy changes for the secondary binding were 54.8 kJ/mol and 215 J/mol.K, respectively, and these values suggest a strong entropic affinity for the bivalent ion binding to the enzyme. The thermodynamical analysis clearly shows the conformational changes in this a-amylase during the primary and secondary calcium ion binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Tanaka
- Wakayama Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, 1334 Minato, Wakayama-shi, Wakayama 640-8580, Japan.
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8
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Gao X, Yang J, Huang F, Wu X, Li L, Sun C. Progresses of Derivatization Techniques for Analyses of Carbohydrates. ANAL LETT 2003. [DOI: 10.1081/al-120021087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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9
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TANAKA ATSUSHI, HOSHINO EIICHI. Secondary Calcium-Binding Parameter of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens .ALPHA.-Amylase Obtained from Inhibition Kinetics. J Biosci Bioeng 2003. [DOI: 10.1263/jbb.96.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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10
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Hase S. Chapter 28 Pre- and post-column detection-oriented derivatization techniques in HPLC of carbohydrates. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY LIBRARY 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-4770(02)80053-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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11
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Rapid screening of airway secretions for fucose by parallel ligand-exchange chromatography with post-column derivatization and fluorescence detection. Chromatographia 2001. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02491197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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12
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Hong SP, Yoon HR, Kim MK. Development of a new HPLC diagnostic method for galactosemia using 8-amino-2-naphthalenesulfonic acid. Chromatographia 2001. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02491838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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13
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Nakamura A, Hatanaka C, Nagamatsu Y. Ultraviolet spectrometric determination of neutral monosaccharides by HPLC with ethanolamine. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2000; 64:178-80. [PMID: 10705464 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.64.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The reaction between ethanolamine and sugars in a borate solution gave intense UV absorption at 310 nm. By adding ethanolamine in the mobile phase, simple and sensitive ion-exchange HPLC of sugar-borate complexes was achieved. This method can be used to measure as little as 100 pmole of seven monosaccharides from pectic polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nakamura
- Hannan R&D Center, Fuji Oil Co. Ltd., Osaka, Japan.
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14
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Study on the substrate specificity of α-amylases that contribute to soil removal in detergents. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 1999. [DOI: 10.1007/s11743-999-0073-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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15
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16
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Kishino S, Nomura A, Sugawara M, Iseki K, Kakinoki S, Kitabatake A, Miyazaki K. Purification method for alpha-1-acid glycoprotein with subsequent high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of monosaccharides in plasma of healthy subjects and patients with renal insufficiency. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS 1995; 672:199-205. [PMID: 8581125 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(95)00235-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A simple purification method for human plasma alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AAG) using an ion-exchange and hydroxyapatite column was developed. The recovery of the method was found to be high. We also improved a determination method for N-acetylneuraminic acid and monosaccharides in the carbohydrate moiety of AAG by using an ion-exchange column and pulse-amperometric detection. By this method, a composition analysis of the carbohydrate moiety of AAG (N-acetylneuraminic acid, fucose, N-acetyl glucosamine, galactose and mannose) was possible with 1.0 ml of plasma. We compared these carbohydrate concentrations in the AAG of patients with renal insufficiency with those of healthy subjects. In the AAG of the patients, the concentrations of N-acetylglucosamine, galactose and mannose were significantly higher than those in the AAG of the healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kishino
- Department of Pharmacy, Hokkaido University Hospital, School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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17
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Inamoto Y, Hiraga Y, Hanai T, Kinosita T. The development of a sensitive myo-inositol analyser using a liquid chromatograph with a post-label fluorescence detector. Biomed Chromatogr 1995; 9:146-9. [PMID: 7655303 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1130090307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive liquid chromatographic analysis for myo-inositol was developed using glycocyamine as the post-labelling reagent. The sensitivity was 500 pmol/injection. The system was applied to analyse myo-inositol in sera from eight patients with chronic renal failure. The average concentration of serum myo-inositol was 498.6 +/- 257.0 mumol/L before haemodialysis, and 244.0 +/- 131.1 mumol/L after haemodialysis. These results indicated that the kidney is the main site of myo-inositol metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Inamoto
- Teikoku Seiyaku Co., Ltd., Kagawa, Japan
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18
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Chapter 15 Pre- and Post-Column Detection-Oriented Derivatization Techniques in HPLC of Carbohydrates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-4770(08)60520-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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19
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Ohkura Y, Kai M, Nohta H. Fluorogenic reactions for biomedical chromatography. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS 1994; 659:85-107. [PMID: 7820282 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(94)00125-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A number of fluorogenic reactions, which have been used for HPLC detection systems by means of pre- and/or postcolumn derivatization, are surveyed with respect to both sensitivity and selectivity for the determination of biomedically important substances. For the derivatization of the substances, two types of fluorogenic reactions, fluorescence-generating and fluorescence-tagging, have been studied. The former are usable in most instances for both pre- and postcolumn derivatization methods, and the latter only for precolumn derivatization methods. HPLC methods utilizing the fluorogenic reactions allow analytes to be detected at picomole-subfemtomole levels. In the fluorescence-generating reactions, several fluorogenic reagents possessing two or more reactive sites in the molecule, which show molecular recognition for a variety of analytes, permit facile and reproducible detection in HPLC because there are fewer interferences from biological matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ohkura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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20
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Mizoguchi N, Eguchi T, Sakura N, Ueda K. Erythrocyte galactokinase assay with high performance liquid chromatography. Clin Chim Acta 1993; 216:145-51. [PMID: 8222265 DOI: 10.1016/0009-8981(93)90147-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
An assay for erythtocyte galactokinase based on high performance liquid chromatographic determination of galactose 1-phosphate (Gal-1-P) is described. The determination of Gal-1-P was applied to a post-column fluorometric detection of reducing sugars using arginine. This method is as sensitive and accurate as conventional radioisotopic methods, but needs no radioisotopic facilities. It requires only a small blood sample and is suitable as a follow-up test in neonatal screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mizoguchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Hiroshima University School of Medicine, Japan
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21
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Augur C, Benhamou N, Darvill A, Albersheim P. Purification, characterization, and cell wall localization of an alpha-fucosidase that inactivates a xyloglucan oligosaccharin. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1993; 3:415-426. [PMID: 8220450 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-313x.1993.t01-24-00999.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
An alpha-fucosidase that releases fucosyl residues from oligosaccharide fragments of xyloglucan, a plant cell wall hemicellulosic polysaccharide, was purified to homogeneity from pea (Pisum sativum) epicotyls using a combination of cation exchange chromatography and isoelectric focusing. The alpha-fucosidase has a molecular mass of 20 kDa according to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The alpha-fucosidase has an isoelectric point of 5.5. The substrate specificity of the alpha-fucosidase was determined by high performance anion exchange chromatographic analysis of oligosaccharide substrates and products. The enzyme hydrolyzes the terminal alpha-1,2-fucosidic linkage of oligosaccharides and does not cleave p-nitrophenyl-alpha-L-fucoside. The enzyme does not release measurable amounts of fucosyl residues from large polysaccharides. The subcellular localization of alpha-fucosidase in pea stems and leaves has been studied by immunogold cytochemistry. The alpha-fucosidase accumulates in primary cell walls and is not detectable in the middle lamella or in the cytoplasm of 8-day-old stem tissue and 14-day-old leaf tissue. alpha-Fucosidase activity was readily detected in extracts of 8-day-old stem tissue. No significant alpha-fucosidase activity or immunogold labeling of the alpha-fucosidase was detected in 2- and 4-day-old stem tissue indicating that production of alpha-fucosidase is developmentally regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Augur
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens 30602
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22
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Post-column derivatization of carbohydrates with ethanolamine—boric acid prior to their detection by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(92)87074-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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23
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Coquet A, Veuthey JL, Haerdi W. Selective post-column fluorigenic reaction with benzamidine for trace level detection of reducing saccharides in liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)88496-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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24
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Morcol T, Velander WH. An o-toluidine method for detection of carbohydrates in protein hydrolysates. Anal Biochem 1991; 195:153-9. [PMID: 1888012 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(91)90311-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The o-toluidine high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method for detection of reducing sugars has been demonstrated to be a facile method for composition analysis of protein hydrolysates with a maximum sensitivity range of 50-100 pmol. The solution phase reaction of o-toluidine with reducing sugars has been previously used for spectrophotometric detection of glucose at 480-630 nm. In contrast, the heterogeneous reaction of o-toluidine with reducing sugars resolved by thin-layer chromatography produces chromophoric derivatives which have a broad absorbance at 295 nm. Detection of these chromophoric derivatives is achieved by uv diffuse reflectance scanning densitometry. It is demonstrated that detection limits of less than 10 ng can be achieved by using HPTLC plates and is therefore equal or more sensitive for some sugars than recently reported high-pressure liquid chromatography methods using amperometric or fluorescence detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Morcol
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24061
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25
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Kobayashi M, Ichishima E. Use of water-soluble 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide for the fluorescent determination of uronic acids and carboxylic acids. Anal Biochem 1990; 189:122-5. [PMID: 2278381 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(90)90056-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Reaction between glucuronic acid and 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC) was monitored by the o-phthalaldehyde (OPA) method, which was developed for the fluorescent assay of compounds containing an amino group. About 1 nmol of glucuronic acid was detected by this method. This EDC-OPA method was effective in detecting not only acidic sugar but also carboxylic acid. Although the sensitivity of the EDC-OPA method was somewhat lower than that of amino acid determination by OPA, a very simple and convenient assay was attained for compounds containing a carboxyl group.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kobayashi
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
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26
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Tomono Y, Abe K, Watanabe K. High-performance liquid affinity chromatography and in situ fluorescent labeling on thin-layer chromatography of glycosphingolipids. Anal Biochem 1990; 184:360-8. [PMID: 2327579 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(90)90694-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A method combining high-performance liquid affinity chromatography and in situ fluorescent labeling on thin-layer chromatography is introduced for determination of glycosphingolipids. Glycolipids in crude extract from rat liver were separated quantitatively from neutral lipids and phospholipids with a phenylboronic acid-derivatized silica gel column. Glycolipids were eluted quantitatively with approximately 98% of crude extract recovered. This column is useful for selective cleanup of glycosphingolipids in crude extract from tissue. Simultaneously, a fluorometric determination of glycosphingolipids with 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin after NaIO4 oxidation on a TLC plate was introduced and its condition was optimized. Glycolipids in amounts ranging from 1 to 100 pmol are easily detectable and give linear responses over the respective ranges. The method is fast and useful for the determination of glycolipids from small amounts of biological samples and requires a minimum amount of about 1 mg of biological specimen for determination of glycolipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Tomono
- Shigei Medical Research Institute, Division of Biochemistry, Okayama, Japan
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28
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30
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Ohno N, Nono I, Yadomae T. Enzymic and physicochemical properties of an exo-(1→3)-β-d-glucanase from Rhizoctonia solani. Carbohydr Res 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(89)85024-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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31
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Purification and Characterization of a Xyloglucan Oligosaccharidespecific Xylosidase from Pea Seedlings. J Biol Chem 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)47080-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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32
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Jinno K, Takayarna K. Separation of saccharides on cross linked chitosan beads with microcolumn liquid chromatography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1002/mcs.1220010407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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33
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O'Neill RA, Darvill A, Albersheim P. A fluorescence assay for enzymes that cleave glycosidic linkages to produce reducing sugars. Anal Biochem 1989; 177:11-5. [PMID: 2742140 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(89)90004-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A rapid, facile, and sensitive assay has been developed for enzymes that generate reducing sugars. The assay is a modification of a method for post-HPLC column derivatization and detection of reducing sugars and is carried out in a single test tube. The assay is useful for large numbers of samples, such as those produced during purification of enzymes. Less than 500 pmol of reducing sugar can be quantitatively measured. The assay reported here is at least 10 times more sensitive than either the commonly employed parahydroxybenzoic acid hydrazide method or the recently reported bicinchoninate method, and 50 times more sensitive than the Nelson-Somogyi method.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A O'Neill
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, USDA Russell Laboratory, Athens 30613
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34
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Umegae Y, Nohta H, Ohkura Y. 1,2-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)ethylenediamine as a fluorogenic reagent for reducing carbohydrates. Anal Chim Acta 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(00)80408-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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35
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Tamada M, Kasai N, Kaetsu I. Estimation of cellulase activity based on glucose productivity. Biotechnol Bioeng 1988; 32:920-2. [PMID: 18587805 DOI: 10.1002/bit.260320712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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36
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Muramoto K, Goto R, Kamiya H. Analysis of reducing sugars as their chromophoric hydrazones by high-performance liquid chromatography. Anal Biochem 1987; 162:435-42. [PMID: 3111299 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(87)90416-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A chromophoric hydrazide, 4'-N,N-dimethylamino-4-azobenzene sulfonyl hydrazide (DABS-hydrazide), was prepared from 4'-N,N-dimethylamino-4-azobenzene sulfonyl chloride by reaction with hydrazine. Reducing sugars were derivatized with DABS-hydrazide at 50 degrees C for 120 min. The chromophoric hydrazones were separated by reversed-phase HPLC isocratically using a short column (4.6 X 50 mm) and 0.08 M acetic acid-acetone as an eluant with no sample pretreatment and were quantitated at the picomole level. This method was applied to the sugar analysis of 5 micrograms of glycoproteins. Dansyl hydrazide derivatives of sugars were also separated by this HPLC system.
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Villanueva V, Le Goff M, Mardon M, Moncelon F. High performance liquid chromatographic method for sugar analysis of crude deproteinized extracts of needles of air-polluted healthy and damaged Picea trees. J Chromatogr A 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)94209-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Kakehi K, Honda S. Profiling of carbohydrates, glycoproteins and glycolipids. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY 1986; 379:27-55. [PMID: 3525592 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)80681-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Current chromatographic methods for the analysis of a variety of carbohydrate materials in body fluids and tissues have been reviewed, from the viewpoints of clean-up of samples, separation modes, methods for detection and quantification, and degree of convenience. This review also contains several tables, listing names of samples, methods of analysis, analytical conditions, and normal as well as pathological levels reported, from representative publications.
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Honda S, Enami K, Konishi T, Suzuki S, Kakehi K. Use of ethylenediamine sulphate for post-column derivatization of reducing carbohydrates to electrochemially oxidizable compounds in high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)86921-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Finden DA, Fysh RR, White PC. Quantitative method for the detection of glucose in body fluids by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY 1985; 342:179-85. [PMID: 4044748 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)84501-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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42
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Hull SR, Turco SJ. Separation of dansyl hydrazine-derivatized oligosaccharides by liquid chromatography. Anal Biochem 1985; 146:143-9. [PMID: 3993926 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(85)90408-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive method has been developed for the rapid separation of neutral oligosaccharides derivatized with dansyl hydrazine by liquid chromatography on silica gel modified with 1,4-diaminobutane. Malto-oligosaccharides from corn syrup in amounts ranging from 7 to 280 nmol and ovalbumin-derived oligosaccharides in amounts ranging from 0.25 to 250 nmol were easily detectable and gave linear responses over the respective ranges.
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Owens JA, Robinson JS. Isolation and quantitation of carbohydrates in sheep plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY 1985; 338:303-14. [PMID: 3998020 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(85)80101-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The application of ultraviolet detection at 190 nm following chromatography on a Ca2+ cation-exchange column with a mobile phase of water enables the low amounts of carbohydrates present in plasma to be quantitated. The separation and quantitation of carbohydrates in maternal and fetal sheep plasma and amniotic fluid are described, as is the application of this method to the determination of specific radioactivities of glucose and fructose in plasma.
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van den Berg JHM, Horsels HWM, Deelder RS. Column Liquid Chromatography of Reducing Carbohydrates by Fluorometric Reaction Detection with a Pressurized Reactor Outlet. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1984. [DOI: 10.1080/01483918408068882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Reimerdes EH, Rothkitt KD. Die qualitative und quantitative Analyse von Kohlenhydraten in Lebensmitteln. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1984. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00528584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Improvements in sensitivity and resolution with the cyanoacetamide reaction for the detection of chromatographically separated reducing sugars. J Chromatogr A 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)91601-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Tsuji T, Yamamoto K, Konami Y, Irimura T, Osawa T. Separation of acidic oligosaccharides by liquid chromatography: application to analysis of sugar chains of glycoproteins. Carbohydr Res 1982; 109:259-69. [PMID: 7151056 DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(82)84043-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
An ion-exchange, chromatographic system was developed to separate acidic oligosaccharides. Application of this system for the analysis of sialylated carbohydrate chains of glycoproteins was examined, and it was found that this system affords high resolution of acidic oligosaccharide isomers. (1) 3'-O-Neuraminyllactose, 6'-O-neuraminyllactose, and N-acetyl-6'-O-neuraminyllactosamine could be separated from bovine colostrum. (2) Subjection, to this system, of the oligosaccharide fraction released from bovine submaxillary mucin by treatment with alkaline borohydride resulted in good separation of the trisaccharide-alditol GlcNAc-(1 to 3)-[NeuAc-(2 to 6)]-GalNAcol and the disaccharide-alditol NeuAc- or NeuGc-(2 to 6)-GalNAcol. (3) When the serine- or threonine-linked oligosaccharide fraction obtained from human glycophorin A was subjected to this system, two monosialosylated, trisaccharide-alditol isomers, namely, NeuAc-(2 to 3)-Gal(1 to 3)-GalNAcol and Gal-(2 to 3)-[NeuAc-(2 to 6)]-GalNAcol, could be separated from each other. (4) The separation of so-called triantennary and biantennary, complex type of sugar chains of porcine thyroglobulin was achieved with this system.
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