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Abo-Taleb HA, Mabrouk MM, El-Tabakh MAM, Abdelzaher OF, Nabeeh A, Elokaby MA, Ashour M, Sallam AE, Mansour AT, El-Feky MMM. The potential use of daphnia meal as substitute for fishmeal in diets of hybrid red tilapia affects growth performance, activities of digestive enzymes, antioxidant, immune status and intestinal histological parameters. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2024; 108:752-763. [PMID: 38305567 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
The current study aimed to evaluate growth performance, digestive enzyme activities, antioxidant status, nonspecific immune response and intestinal histological status of red tilapia fed Daphnia meal (DM) as a substitute for fishmeal (FM). Hybrid red tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus × Oreochromis aureus) fry (0.54 ± 0.05 g fish-1) was allocated in nylon haba cages (100 fry m-3) for 2 weeks as an acclimation period. The fish were divided into five groups (three replicates each). The experimental diets were prepared by replacing FM with DM at concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% respectively. The results indicated that fish fed increasing levels of DM (50%-75%) experienced high growth performance, feed utilisation and protein content. The activities of digestive enzymes were significantly increased in all groups fed DM diets compared to the control. The antioxidant balance was improved by decreasing the level of malondialdehyde and increased the total antioxidant capacity, catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase activities in the liver of fish fed DM. The nonspecific immune response, including lysozyme, alkaline phosphatase activities and total protein level improved significantly with increasing FM substitution levels by DM in a dose-dependent manner. Histometric analysis of the intestinal wall revealed an increase in the villus length, crypts depth and goblet cells number in groups fed DM meal up to 50% substitution level compared to other treatments. It may be concluded from results of this feeding trial that in the aquaculture of hybrid tilapia, FM may be substituted with up to 50% DM without compromising intestinal health, growth performance and immune status of the fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdy A Abo-Taleb
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Stony Brook University, Southampton, New York, USA
| | - Mohamed M Mabrouk
- Fish Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | - Ahmed Nabeeh
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Elokaby
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Ashour
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E Sallam
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdallah T Mansour
- Animal and Fish Production Department, College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Fish and Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M M El-Feky
- Aquatic Resources, Natural Resources Studies and Research Department, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Kryukova NA, Kryukov VY, Polenogova OV, Chertkova ЕА, Tyurin MV, Rotskaya UN, Alikina T, Kabilov МR, Glupov VV. The endosymbiotic bacterium Wolbachia (Rickettsiales) alters larval metabolism of the parasitoid Habrobracon hebetor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 114:e22053. [PMID: 37695720 DOI: 10.1002/arch.22053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Infection of intestinal tissues with Wolbachia has been found in Habrobracon hebetor. There are not many studies on the relationship between Habrobracon and Wolbachia, and they focus predominantly on the sex index of an infected parasitoid, its fertility, and behavior. The actual role of Wolbachia in the biology of Habrobracon is not yet clear. The method of complete eradication of Wolbachia in the parasitoid was developed here, and effects of the endosymbiont on the host's digestive metabolism were compared between two lines of the parasitoid (Wolbachia-positive and Wolbachia-negative). In the gut of Wolbachia+ larvae, lipases' activity was higher almost twofold, and activities of acid proteases, esterases, and trehalase were 1.5-fold greater than those in the Wolbachia- line. Analyses of larval homogenates revealed that Wolbachia+ larvae accumulate significantly more lipids and have a lower amount of pyruvate as compared to Wolbachia- larvae. The presented results indicate significant effects of the intracellular symbiotic bacterium Wolbachia on the metabolism of H. hebetor larvae and on the activity of its digestive enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia A Kryukova
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Vadim Y Kryukov
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Olga V Polenogova
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - Maksim V Tyurin
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ulyana N Rotskaya
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Tatyana Alikina
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Мarsel R Kabilov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Viktor V Glupov
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Liang N, Mohamed HM, Kim BJ, Burroughs S, Lowder A, Waite-Cusic J, Dallas DC. High-Pressure Processing of Human Milk: A Balance between Microbial Inactivation and Bioactive Protein Preservation. J Nutr 2023; 153:2598-2611. [PMID: 37423385 PMCID: PMC10517232 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Donor human milk banks use Holder pasteurization (HoP; 62.5°C, 30 min) to reduce pathogens in donor human milk, but this process damages some bioactive milk proteins. OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine minimal parameters for high-pressure processing (HPP) to achieve >5-log reductions of relevant bacteria in human milk and how these parameters affect an array of bioactive proteins. METHODS Pooled raw human milk inoculated with relevant pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Cronobacter sakazakii) or microbial quality indicators (Bacillus subtilis and Paenibacillus spp. spores) at 7 log CFU/mL was processed at 300-500 MPa at 16-19°C (due to adiabatic heating) for 1-9 min. Surviving microbes were enumerated using standard plate counting methods. For raw milk, and HPP-treated and HoP-treated milk, the immunoreactivity of an array of bioactive proteins was assessed via ELISA and the activity of bile salt-stimulated lipase (BSSL) was determined via a colorimetric substrate assay. RESULTS Treatment at 500 MPa for 9 min resulted in >5-log reductions of all vegetative bacteria, but <1-log reduction in B. subtilis and Paenibacillus spores. HoP decreased immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin M (IgM), immunoglobulin G, lactoferrin, elastase and polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (PIGR) concentrations, and BSSL activity. The treatment at 500 MPa for 9 min preserved more IgA, IgM, elastase, lactoferrin, PIGR, and BSSL than HoP. HoP and HPP treatments up to 500 MPa for 9 min caused no losses in osteopontin, lysozyme, α-lactalbumin and vascular endothelial growth factor. CONCLUSION Compared with HoP, HPP at 500 MPa for 9 min provides >5-log reduction of tested vegetative neonatal pathogens with improved retention of IgA, IgM, lactoferrin, elastase, PIGR, and BSSL in human milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningjian Liang
- Nutrition Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Hussein Mh Mohamed
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Bum Jin Kim
- Nutrition Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Samantha Burroughs
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | | | - Joy Waite-Cusic
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - David C Dallas
- Nutrition Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States; Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.
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Tomilova OG, Kryukov VY, Kryukova NA, Tolokonnikova KP, Tokarev YS, Rumiantseva AS, Alekseev AA, Glupov VV. Effects of passages through an insect or a plant on virulence and physiological properties of the fungus Metarhizium robertsii. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15726. [PMID: 37583910 PMCID: PMC10424674 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Species of the genus Metarhizium are characterized by a multitrophic lifestyle of being arthropod parasites, rhizosphere colonizers, endophytes, and saprophytes. The process of adaptation to various organisms and substrates may lead to specific physiological alterations that can be elucidated by passaging through different hosts. Changes in virulence and cultivation properties of entomopathogenic fungi subcultured on different media or passaged through a live insect host are well known. Nevertheless, comparative in-depth physiological studies on fungi after passaging through insect or plant organisms are scarce. Here, virulence, plant colonization, hydrolytic enzymatic activities, toxin production, and antimicrobial action were compared between stable (nondegenerative) parent strain Metarhizium robertsii MB-1 and its reisolates obtained after eight passages through Galleria mellonella larvae or Solanum lycopersicum or after subculturing on the Sabouraud medium. The passaging through the insect caused similar physiological alterations relative to the plant-based passaging: elevation of destruxin A, B, and E production, a decrease in protease and lipase activities, and lowering of virulence toward G. mellonella and Leptinotarsa decemlineata as compared to the parent strain. The reisolates passaged through the insect or plant showed a slight trend toward increased tomato colonization and enhanced antagonistic action on tomato-associated bacterium Bacillus pumilus as compared to the parental strain. Meanwhile, the subculturing of MB-1 on the Sabouraud medium showed stability of the studied parameters, with minimal alterations relative to the parental strain. We propose that the fungal virulence factors are reprioritized during adaptation of M. robertsii to insects, plants, and media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana G. Tomilova
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
- All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vadim Y. Kryukov
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | | | - Yuri S. Tokarev
- All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Alexander A. Alekseev
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Viktor V. Glupov
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Murashita K, Takakuwa F, Matsunari H, Yoshinaga H, Yamamoto T, Oku H, Furuita H. Effect of oral administration of a single bolus of six different protein sources on digestive physiology of red seabream Pagrus major juveniles. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2022; 48:939-954. [PMID: 35768739 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-022-01096-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To reveal direct effects of various protein sources on digestive physiology of red seabream, Pagrus major (38.5 ± 0.4 g), six different protein sources of fishmeal (FM), soybean meal (SBM), corn gluten meal (CGM), soy protein concentrate (SPC), poultry by-product meal (PBM), and poultry-feather meal (PFM) were orally administered to fish (2 mg protein/g body weight) and sampled at 1.5 h and 3 h after administration. Gallbladder weight of fish administered FM, PBM, and PFM decreased after administration (p < 0.0001), while no difference was observed in the other ingredients compared to a non-protein sham control group, indicating that animal protein sources could more strongly stimulate bile secretion than plant protein sources in red seabream. Trypsin and chymotrypsin activity in the intestinal content markedly increased by the FM, SBM, and PFM administration (p < 0.0001). Lipase and amylase activity was also increased by FM and SBM but also by CGM for lipase and by PBM and PFM for amylase (p < 0.0001). These indicate that stimulation effect of the secretion of digestive enzymes is largely different among the protein sources. This might be due to the absorptive capacity of the protein source since intestinal absorption parameter genes (anpep, cpa, ggt1, and atp1a2) also increased by the FM, SBM, PBM or PFM (p < 0.05). In addition to the secretion levels of bile and digestive enzymes, gene expression levels of bile related genes (cyp7a1, cyp8b1, and shp) and digestion-regulating genes (casr and cck) were increased by the FM, SBM, PFM, and/or PBM administration, suggesting that animal proteins and SBM could be potent digestive stimulants compared to CGM and SPC. This study first revealed that single protein sources directly influence digestive enzyme secretion and bile secretion in fish. Information about the direct effect of each single source on digestive physiology could help to design feed formulation with less fishmeal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Murashita
- Physiological Function Division, Aquaculture Research Department, Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 224-1 Hiruda, Tamaki, Mie, 519-0423, Japan.
| | - Fumiaki Takakuwa
- Uragami Station, Aquaculture Research Institute, Kindai University, 468-3, Uragami, Nachi-Katsuura, Higashimuro, Wakayama, 649-5145, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Matsunari
- Physiological Function Division, Aquaculture Research Department, Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 224-1 Hiruda, Tamaki, Mie, 519-0423, Japan
| | - Hazuki Yoshinaga
- Physiological Function Division, Aquaculture Research Department, Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 224-1 Hiruda, Tamaki, Mie, 519-0423, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamamoto
- Physiological Function Division, Aquaculture Research Department, Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 224-1 Hiruda, Tamaki, Mie, 519-0423, Japan
| | - Hiromi Oku
- Physiological Function Division, Aquaculture Research Department, Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 224-1 Hiruda, Tamaki, Mie, 519-0423, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Furuita
- Physiological Function Division, Aquaculture Research Department, Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 224-1 Hiruda, Tamaki, Mie, 519-0423, Japan
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Jahan H, Tumpa IJ, Qasem WA, Moniruzzaman M, Pervin MA, Akter R, Omri A, Min T, Hossain Z. Evaluation of the Partial Replacement of Dietary Fish Meal With Fermented or Untreated Soybean Meal in Juvenile Silver Barb, Barbonymus gonionotus. Front Nutr 2021; 8:733402. [PMID: 34790685 PMCID: PMC8591853 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.733402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish meal (FM) has excellent protein and lipid profile. However, FM is losing its acceptability and substituted with plant protein due to FM has high price, high demand, and sustainability issues in global aquaculture production. In this study, experimental diets were prepared by substituting FM with fermented soybean meal (FSM) or normal and untreated soybean meal (SM) to assess the effects on growth, hematology, innate immunity, gut physiology, and digestive enzyme activities in juvenile silver barb, Barbonymus gonionotus. Five diets, that is, 40% FM (FM 40), 20% FM + 20% FSM (FM 20 + FSM 20), 20% FM + 20% SM (FM 20 + SM 20), 40% FSM (FSM 40), and 40% SM (SM 40) were fed to the fish two times daily for 90 days. After 90 days of feeding trial, FM 40, FM 20 + FSM 20, and FM 20 + SM 20 diet groups showed significantly higher weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) compared to the FSM 40 and SM 40 diets. Hepatosomatic index (HSI) and viscerosomatic index (VSI) were significantly higher in fish fed with the FSM 40 and SM 40 diets than those of fish fed with the FM 40 diet. Hematocrit, hemoglobin, and erythrocyte count were significantly lower in fish fed with the SM 40 diet compared to fish fed with the FM 40 and FM 20 + FSM 20 diets. Superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in the liver were significantly higher in fish fed with the SM 40 diet compared to fish fed with the FM 40 diet. However, serum thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in fish fed with the experimental diets were unaltered. Fish showed significant reduction of villus height (Vh) in the anterior and posterior intestine of fish fed with the FSM 40 and SM 40 diets, whereas muscular thickness was opposite to the findings of Vh. Digestive enzyme activities in intestine were significantly higher in fish fed with the FM 40 diet compared to those in the SM 40 diet. The results of the present study revealed that the 50% of FM can be replaced by FSM or SM as a source of protein without affecting the growth of juvenile silver barb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halima Jahan
- Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh.,Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Israt Jahan Tumpa
- Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Wafaa A Qasem
- Department of Surgery, Mubarak Al Kabeer Hospital, Hawally, Kuwait.,Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Mohammad Moniruzzaman
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeju International Animal Research Center, Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (SARI), Jeju National University, Jeju-si, South Korea
| | - Mst Arzu Pervin
- Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Rabeya Akter
- Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Abdelwahab Omri
- The Novel Drug and Vaccine Delivery Systems Facility, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Greater Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | - Taesun Min
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeju International Animal Research Center, Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (SARI), Jeju National University, Jeju-si, South Korea
| | - Zakir Hossain
- Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
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Koh J, Victor AF, Howell ML, Yeo JG, Qu Y, Selover B, Waite-Cusic J, Dallas DC. Bile Salt-Stimulated Lipase Activity in Donor Breast Milk Influenced by Pasteurization Techniques. Front Nutr 2020; 7:552362. [PMID: 33282897 PMCID: PMC7689290 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.552362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast milk contains bile salt-stimulated lipase (BSSL), which significantly increases the fat digestion capacity of newborns who have limited pancreatic lipase secretion in the first few months after birth. Problematically, Holder pasteurization used in non-profit milk banks to ensure the microbiological safety of donor milk for infants, particularly preterm infants (<37 weeks gestation age), destroys milk BSSL, thus limiting infant fat absorption capacity. Alternative strategies are needed to ensure the safety of donor milk while preserving BSSL activity. Three alternative pasteurization techniques—high-pressure processing (HPP, 550 MPa, 5 min), gamma cell irradiation (IR, 2.5 Mrads) and UV-C (254 nm, 0–33,000 J/L)—were compared with Holder pasteurization (low-temperature long-time, LTLT, 62.5°C, 30 min) for retention of BSSL activity in donor breast milk. As the time required for donor milk pasteurization by UV-C in published methods was not clear, donor breast milk was spiked with seven common bacterial strains and treated by UV-C for variable time periods and the minimum UV-C dosage required to achieve a 5-log10 reduction of CFU/mL was determined. Eight thousand two hundred fifty J/L of UV-C exposure was sufficient to achieve 5-log10 reduction of each of bacterial targets, including Bacillus and Paenibacillus spores. The retention of BSSL activity was highest after HPP (retaining 62% of the untreated milk BSSL activity), followed by UV-C (16,500 J/L), IR and LTLT (35, 29, and 0.3% retention, respectively). HPP was an effective alternative to pasteurize milk with improved retention of BSSL activity compared to Holder pasteurization. Future work should investigate the effect of alternative pasteurization techniques on the entire array of bioactive components in donor breast milk and how these changes affect preterm infant health outcomes. Implementation of HPP technique at milk banks could improve donor milk-fed infant fat absorption and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeewon Koh
- Nutrition Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Ashley F Victor
- Nutrition Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Matthew L Howell
- Nutrition Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Jooyoung G Yeo
- Nutrition Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Yunyao Qu
- Nutrition Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.,Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Brandon Selover
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Joy Waite-Cusic
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - David C Dallas
- Nutrition Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
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Gutiérrez Espinosa MC, Zapata Berruecos BE. Perfil enzimático digestivo de Leiarius marmoratus (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae) en el medio natural. REVISTA POLITÉCNICA 2019. [DOI: 10.33571/rpolitec.v15n28a7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar el perfil enzimático digestivo de ejemplares adultos de Leiarius marmoratus, extraídos del medio natural. El perfil enzimático fue caracterizado en ejemplares de yaque con peso y longitud de 1037±164 g y 50±4 cm respectivamente. Una vez capturados los peces fueron trasladados al laboratorio, sacrificados y se extrajo el trato digestivo (estómago e intestino anterior, medio y posterior), este fue congelado en nitrógeno líquido y almacenado a -20°C, hasta los respectivos análisis. A lo largo del tracto digestivo de se detectó hidrólisis de proteína, carbohidratos y lípidos, siendo mayor esta actividad a nivel de intestino anterior. Presentó actividad proteolítica inespecífica ácida (estómago) y alcalina (intestino). Se detecto actividad lipolítica y de amilasa en estómago, intestino anterior y medio. Los análisis muestran actividad enzimática significativa (P <0,05) a nivel del intestino anterior, lo que confirma sus hábitos de tipo omnívoro.
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9
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do Carmo Ota E, Honorato CA, Heredia-Vieira SC, Flores-Quintana CI, de Castro Silva TS, Inoue LAKA, Cardoso CAL. Hepatic and gastroprotective activity of Serjania marginata leaf aqueous extract in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2019; 45:1051-1065. [PMID: 31089991 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-019-00622-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the leaf aqueous extract composition of Serjania marginata and the effects of its inclusion on the diet of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), with respect to the activity of digestive enzymes and enzymes associated with the metabolism of the liver and intestine and liver histopathology. Fish (initial mean weight, 54.36 ± 17.04 g) were divided into groups: fasting (without feeding), control (commercial feed), and treatment (commercial feed with leaf aqueous extract of Serjania marginata), and in each aquarium, there were five individuals and the fish fed ad libitum for 15 days. Treatment fish had ingested on average 224.3 mg of extract/kg of fish/day. In the extract analysis by mass spectrometry, quercitrin, isoquercitrin, A-type proanthocyanidin trimer, and quinic acid were identified. In the enzymatic activity, fish from the treatment group showed higher level of alkaline phosphatase, while the hepatotoxic markers (AST and ALT) and levels of lipase, amylase, and nonspecific protease did not differ (p > 0.05). In liver histopathological analysis, it was observed that fish from the treatment showed normal structure, while abnormalities were associated with control (fibrosis, loss of cordonal architecture, vacuolated hepatocytes with nucleus displaced to the periphery) and fasting (reduction in hepatocyte size and sinusoidal space). The intestine histopathology evidenced that the extract favored the development of goblet cells and intestinal fold height. The results indicated that the leaf aqueous extract of S. marginata assists in the structural maintenance of the liver and intestine and stimulates intestinal alkaline phosphatase production in Nile tilapia, suggesting that the identified compounds act on the liver and intestine, showing hepatoprotective effects and stimulating intestinal digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika do Carmo Ota
- Center of Studies on Natural Resources, Mato Grosso do Sul State University (UEMS), Cidade Universitária de Dourados, Rod. Dourados-Itahúm, Km 12, C.P. 351, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79804-970, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Claudia Andrea Lima Cardoso
- Center of Studies on Natural Resources, Mato Grosso do Sul State University (UEMS), Cidade Universitária de Dourados, Rod. Dourados-Itahúm, Km 12, C.P. 351, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79804-970, Brazil
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Abstract
Lipases are very important enzymes having a role in fat digestion and lipid metabolism in marine animals, plants, and microorganisms. The methods for measuring lipase and phospholipase activity have been applied in several studies; however, considering that lipases are water-soluble molecules and their substrates are generally water-insoluble molecules, several steps are required for measuring their digestion products. After a general review of the main type of methods used in marine lipase studies, and experimental procedures, a proposal of new or improved methods is described in order to facilitate the lipase activity measurements in marine organisms.
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Lorenz EK, Barone RSC, Yamamoto FY, Cyrino JEP. Dietary Protein Hydrolysates from Animal By-Products: Digestibility and Enzymatic Activity for Dourado Salminus brasiliensis. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC FOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10498850.2018.1424745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Evandro Kleber Lorenz
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal e Pastagens [PPG-CAP], Departamento de Zootecnia [LZT], Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz [ESALQ], Universidade de São Paulo [USP]; Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael Simões Coelho Barone
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal e Pastagens [PPG-CAP], Departamento de Zootecnia [LZT], Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz [ESALQ], Universidade de São Paulo [USP]; Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Yugo Yamamoto
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal e Pastagens [PPG-CAP], Departamento de Zootecnia [LZT], Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz [ESALQ], Universidade de São Paulo [USP]; Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - José Eurico Possebon Cyrino
- Departamento de Zootecnia [LZT], Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz [ESALQ], Universidade de São Paulo [USP], Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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Kondo F, Ohta T, Iwai T, Ido A, Miura C, Miura T. Effect of the squid viscera hydrolysate on growth performance and digestion in the red sea bream Pagrus major. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2017; 43:1543-1555. [PMID: 28676949 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-017-0391-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The improvement in feed efficiency is one of the most important subjects in fish culture. The development of feed, in terms of good intake, high growth performance, and high feed efficiency is needed. Squid viscera are one of the candidates for alternative material in improving feed efficiency in fish culture. In the present study, we described the dietary effect of the squid viscera hydrolysate (SVH) on the growth performance of the red sea bream. The addition of SVH to feed caused significant increases in feed intake, fork length, and body weight and produced a marked improvement in feed conversion after 4 weeks of feeding. Furthermore, the results of this feeding revealed that low dietary levels of SVH promote growth performance in the red sea bream. We physiologically analyzed digestion and appetite in fish fed diet containing SVH. SVH promoted the activity of hepatic trypsin and lipase, gene expression of stomach pepsin, hepatic lipase, and pyloric caeca trypsin, thereby improving the nutrient availability in red sea bream. Moreover, the mRNA expression of appetite regulating factor, such as brain NPY and stomach ghrelin was significantly improved by dietary SVH. Our current results indicate that dietary SVH as alternative material produced excellent effects on growth performance, which is dependent on the promoting effect on digestion and appetite in red sea bream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumitaka Kondo
- Research Group for Reproductive Physiology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, 790-8566, Japan
| | - Takashi Ohta
- Research Group for Reproductive Physiology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, 790-8566, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Iwai
- Research Group for Reproductive Physiology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, 790-8566, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ido
- Research Group for Reproductive Physiology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, 790-8566, Japan
| | - Chiemi Miura
- Research Group for Reproductive Physiology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, 790-8566, Japan
- Department of Global Environment Studies, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Hiroshima Institute of Technology, 2-1-1 Miyake, Saeki-ku, Hiroshima, 731-5193, Japan
| | - Takeshi Miura
- Research Group for Reproductive Physiology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, 790-8566, Japan.
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Murashita K, Matsunari H, Kumon K, Tanaka Y, Shiozawa S, Furuita H, Oku H, Yamamoto T. Characterization and ontogenetic development of digestive enzymes in Pacific bluefin tuna Thunnus orientalis larvae. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2014; 40:1741-1755. [PMID: 25055726 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-014-9964-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The major digestive enzymes in Pacific bluefin tuna Thunnus orientalis larvae were characterized, and the physiological characteristics of the enzymes during early ontogeny were clarified using biochemical and molecular approaches. The maximum activity of trypsin (Try), chymotrypsin (Ct) and amylase (Amy) was observed at pH 6-11, 8-11 and 6-9, respectively. Maximum activity of Try, Ct and Amy occurred at 50 °C, that of lipase (Lip) was at 60 °C and that of pepsin (Pep) was at 40-50 °C. These pH and thermal profiles were similar to those for other fish species but differed from those previously reported for adult bluefin tuna. Enzyme activity for all enzymes assayed was found to decrease at high temperatures (Try, Ct, Amy and Pep: 50 °C; Lip: 40 °C), which is similar to findings for other fish species with one marked exception-increased Try activity was observed at 40 °C. Lip activity appeared to be dependent on bile salts under our assay conditions, resulting in a significant increase in activity in the presence of bile salts. Ontogenetic changes in pancreatic digestive enzymes showed similar gene expression patterns to those of other fish species, whereas marked temporal increases in enzyme activities were observed at 10-12 days post hatching (dph), coinciding with previously reported timing of the development of the pyloric caeca in bluefin tuna larvae. However, complete development of digestive function was indicated by the high pep gene expression from 19 dph, which contradicts the profile of Pep activity and previously reported development timing of the gastric gland. These findings contribute to the general knowledge of bluefin tuna larval digestive system development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Murashita
- Aquaculture Systems Division, National Research Institute of Aquaculture, Fisheries Research Agency, 224-1, Hiruda, Tamaki, Mie, 519-0423, Japan,
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Melo J, Lundstedt L, Moraes G, Inoue L. Effect of different concentrations of protein on the digestive system of juvenile silver catfish. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-09352012000200027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspects of digestion in juvenile silver catfish Rhamdia quelen fed with four levels of protein (20, 27, 34 and 41%) were studied. The studied traits were digestive enzymes (nonspecific proteases, trypsin, chymotrypsin, amylase and lipase) and weight gain. The experiment lasted 60 days; 160 juvenile catfish with initial body weight of 32 grams were transferred to the experimental system of 500L tanks with re-circulated and thermostatized water. The average weight of silver catfish increased with dietary protein and 41% of crude protein (CP) was accepted as the best one. Gastric protease activity increases with the CP level. The intestinal alkaline protease reached the peak at 27% CP and the highest activities were observed in the anterior section of the gut (AS). The trypsin peak was observed at 34% CP in the AS and medium section of the gut (MS). Amylase and lipase activities were inverse to the dietary CP and the highest values were observed in AS. In conclusion, the digestive enzymes of catfishes are responsive to the dietary protein level. The dietary CP required for highest weight gain of juvenile silver catfish is 41%.
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Kurtovic I, Marshall SN, Zhao X, Simpson BK. Purification and properties of digestive lipases from Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and New Zealand hoki (Macruronus novaezelandiae). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2010; 36:1041-1060. [PMID: 20143156 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-010-9382-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2009] [Accepted: 01/26/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Lipases were purified from delipidated pyloric ceca powder of two New Zealand-sourced fish, Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and hoki (Macruronus novaezelandiae), by fractional precipitation with polyethylene glycol 1000, followed by affinity chromatography using cholate-Affi-Gel 102, and gel filtration on Sephacryl S-300 HR. For the first time, in-polyacrylamide gel activity of purified fish lipases against 4-methylumbelliferyl butyrate has been demonstrated. Calcium ions and sodium cholate were absolutely necessary both for lipase stability in the gel and for optimum activity against caprate and palmitate esters of p-nitrophenol. A single protein band was present in native polyacrylamide gels for both salmon and hoki final enzyme preparations. Under denaturing conditions, electrophoretic analysis revealed two bands of 79.6 and 54.9 kDa for salmon lipase. It is proposed that these bands correspond to an uncleaved and a final form of the enzyme. One band of 44.6 kDa was seen for hoki lipase. pI values of 5.8±0.1 and 5.7±0.1 were obtained for the two salmon lipase forms. The hoki lipase had a pI of 5.8±0.1. Both lipases had the highest activity at 35°C, were thermally labile, had a pH optimum of 8-8.5, and were more acid stable compared to other fish lipases studied to date. Both enzymes were inhibited by the organophosphate paraoxon. Chinook salmon and hoki lipases showed good stability in several water-immiscible solvents. The enzymes had very similar amino acid composition to mammalian carboxyl ester lipases and one other fish digestive lipase. The salmon enzyme was an overall better catalyst based on its higher turnover number (3.7±0.3 vs. 0.71±0.05 s(-1) for the hoki enzyme) and lower activation energy (2.0±0.4 vs. 7.6±0.8 kcal/mol for the hoki enzyme) for the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl caprate. The salmon and hoki enzymes are homologous with mammalian carboxyl ester lipases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Kurtovic
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University (Macdonald Campus), 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada,
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Jing MY, Sun JY, Weng XY, Wang JF. Effects of zinc levels on activities of gastrointestinal enzymes in growing rats. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2008; 93:606-12. [PMID: 19178608 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2008.00843.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effect of different zinc (Zn) levels on activities of gastrointestinal digestive enzymes of growing rats. Four diets including Zn-adequate (ZA; 46 mg/kg, control), Zn-deficient (ZD; 3 mg/kg), high Zn supply (ZH; 234 mg/kg) and pair-fed in which animals received the ZA diet at restricted amounts reflecting feed intake of the ZD group were fed to rats for 5 weeks. Dietary Zn was supplemented with ZnO. The results showed that Zn deficiency resulted in decreases in body weight, while ZH supply stimulated growth. The activities of sucrase, lactase and lipase were unaffected by dietary Zn levels. Maltase activity, however, was reduced in ZD group and elevated in ZH group. Amylase and protease activities were depressed by zinc deficiency. However, rats fed the Zn-repletion diet displayed higher activity of pepsin, pancreatic amylase and protease. In particular, ZH supply did have no effect on intestinal hydrolases activities. The present study suggested that zinc deficiency impaired the activities of digestive enzymes and growth of animals. However, ZH supply might improve the digestion of nutrients via increasing activities of gastrointestinal hydrolase and probably enhanced animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Y Jing
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Murashita K, Fukada H, Rønnestad I, Kurokawa T, Masumoto T. Nutrient control of release of pancreatic enzymes in yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata): Involvement of CCK and PY in the regulatory loop. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2008; 150:438-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2008.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2008] [Revised: 05/02/2008] [Accepted: 05/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Aryee AN, Simpson BK, Villalonga R. Lipase fraction from the viscera of grey mullet (Mugil cephalus). Enzyme Microb Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2006.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Murashita K, Fukada H, Hosokawa H, Masumoto T. Changes in cholecystokinin and peptide Y gene expression with feeding in yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata): relation to pancreatic exocrine regulation. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2006; 146:318-25. [PMID: 17208482 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2006.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2006] [Revised: 11/08/2006] [Accepted: 11/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In fish, the regulation of digestive enzyme secretion by hormonal control such as cholecystokinin (CCK) and neuropeptide Y (NPY)-related peptide is not well understood. To investigate the roles of fish CCK and peptide Y (PY) in digestive enzyme secretion, mRNA levels of CCK and PY, pyloric caeca enzyme activities and mRNA levels of pancreatic digestive enzymes (lipase, trypsin and amylase) were measured at pre- and post-prandial stages in yellowtail. Pyloric caeca were sampled at 0, 0.5, 1.5, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h after feeding. The mRNA levels of trypsin and amylase increased after feeding, suggesting that transcription was induced by feed ingestion. Digestive enzyme activities decreased in exocrine pancreas after feeding, suggesting the stored enzyme was secreted from pancreas post-prandially. mRNA levels for CCK displayed a time-dependent increase, peaking between 1.5 and 3 h after-feeding followed by a rapid decrease 3 to 6 h after feeding. The mRNA expression pattern of PY was inverse to the pattern of CCK, decreasing until 1.5 h after feeding and then rising to initial levels by 12 h after feeding. These results suggest that CCK and PY work antagonistically in the exocrine pancreas of yellowtail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Murashita
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kochi University, B200 Monobe, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan
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Sun JY, Jing MY, Wang JF, Zi NT, Fu LJ, Lu MQ, Pan L. Effect of zinc on biochemical parameters and changes in related gene expression assessed by cDNA microarrays in pituitary of growing rats. Nutrition 2006; 22:187-96. [PMID: 16413754 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2005.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2005] [Revised: 06/25/2005] [Accepted: 07/23/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study simultaneously investigated the effects of different zinc (Zn) levels on the growth performance and relative biochemical parameters in growing rats and analyzed the molecular mechanism of zinc influencing food intake. METHODS Three diets with different Zn levels--Zn adequate (ZA; 35.94 mg/kg, control), Zn deficient (ZD; 3.15 mg/kg), and Zn overdose (ZO; 347.50 mg/kg)--were fed to rats for 6 wk. Dietary Zn was supplemented with ZnSO4. The relation between zinc and food intake was studied by pituitary cDNA microarrays. RESULTS Compared with ZA group, rats fed the ZD diet showed decreases in body weight (P < 0.01), food intake (P < 0.05), tissue zinc concentrations (P < 0.01), and specific activities of alkaline phosphatase (P < 0.01) and copper/Zn superoxide dismutase (P < 0.05), whereas the ZO diet had positive effects on body weight (P < 0.05), zinc concentrations (P < 0.01), and alkaline phosphatase activity (P < 0.05). The villi of the jejunum became shorter (P < 0.01), shriveled, and flattened. This change in morphology decreased absorption surface area, and there was a substantial decrease (P < 0.01) in villi number per unit area in ZD rats. Metallothionein concentration was increased in livers of rats fed ZD (P < 0.01) and ZO (P < 0.05) diets. Moreover, ZD and ZO influenced normal growth and development of organs. The results from pituitary cDNA arrays indicated that different Zn levels affect gene expression of appetite-related peptides, including neuropeptide-Y, melanin-concentrating hormone, ghrelin, calcitonin gene-related product, and serotonin. CONCLUSION The present results showed that zinc deficiency has a negative effect on the growth performance and biochemical parameters of rats. The ZO diet increased body weight (P < 0.05) but had no effect (P > 0.05) on food intake, copper/Zn superoxide dismutase activity, and intestinal morphology. The ZD diet decreased rat food intake by regulating appetite-related gene expression in the pituitary gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Yi Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education and Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Lundstedt LM, Melo JFB, Moraes G. Digestive enzymes and metabolic profile of Pseudoplatystoma corruscans (Teleostei: Siluriformes) in response to diet composition. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2004; 137:331-9. [PMID: 15050520 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2003.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2003] [Revised: 11/27/2003] [Accepted: 12/28/2003] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Digestive enzyme responsiveness to feeding and associated adjustments of metabolism can be used to derive nutritionally effective diet formulations. Juvenile pintado (Pseudoplatystoma corruscans) were fed different diets. After feeding, fish were killed and blood, liver and white muscle were collected to evaluate metabolites. Stomach along with anterior, middle and posterior intestine were sampled for enzyme analysis. Non-specific protease, trypsin, chymotrypsin, amylase and lipase were assayed. Crude protein (CP) did not induce proteolytic activity; highest protease activities were observed in the stomach. Amylase was higher in the stomach in fish feeding on diets containing 13-25% starch. Lipase activity was observed along the gastrointestinal tract, with the highest activities observed in the middle section. The metabolic profile of white muscle was not affected by CP. In contrast, some plasma and liver metabolites were altered concomitant with changes in the digestive enzymes. Amino acid catabolism was increased. Digestion in pintado was responsive to cornstarch, reflected in intermediary metabolism; proteolytic activities of the digestive tract seem to be sufficient to deal with large amounts of dietary protein. As a result, we are able to recommend a balance between protein and energetic compounds, such as lipids and carbohydrates, in the diet to optimize fish growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Lundstedt
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luís, km 235 CEP: 13565-905 CP 676. São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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López-López S, Nolasco H, Vega-Villasante F. Characterization of digestive gland esterase-lipase activity of juvenile redclaw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2003; 135:337-47. [PMID: 12798943 DOI: 10.1016/s1096-4959(03)00087-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Investigation of esterase-lipase activity in the digestive gland of redclaw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus showed that the optimum enzyme activity occurred between 35 and 40 degrees C, with 100 mM NaCl at pH 8.5. Heavy metals completely inhibited and calcium ions partially inhibited enzyme activity. The enzyme activity diminished as the length of the fatty acid chain of substrates increased. Molecular masses for four isozymes were 43, 46, 63 and 118 kDa, respectively, as determined by PAGE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silverio López-López
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Bioquímica Comparada, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, Mar Bermejo #195, Col. Playa Palo Santa Rita, La Paz, BCS 23090, Mexico
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Wang CS, Hartsuck JA. Bile salt-activated lipase. A multiple function lipolytic enzyme. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1993; 1166:1-19. [PMID: 8431483 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(93)90277-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C S Wang
- Protein Studies Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City 73104
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Gjellesvik DR, Lombardo D, Walther BT. Pancreatic bile salt dependent lipase from cod (Gadus morhua): purification and properties. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1992; 1124:123-34. [PMID: 1543734 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(92)90088-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The enzymatic basis for cod digestive lipolysis has been investigated. Lipase activity was found in aqueous extracts from pyloric caeca as well as in pancreatic tissue surrounding the caeca and the bile duct. A bile salt-dependent lipase (BSDL) was purified from either defatted powder of cod pyloric caeca or aqueous pancreatic extracts by combined affinity chromatography on cholate-Sepharose and gel filtration on Sephacryl S-200 HR. By SDS-PAGE analysis the molecular weight of purified cod BSDL was estimated to 60 kDa. The enzyme was totally dependent on bile salts for hydrolysis of insoluble fatty acid esters. Antiserum raised against purified cod BSDL reacted specifically with selected mammalian pancreatic BSDLs by Western blot analysis. Results presented in this paper strongly suggest that the bile salt-dependent lipase is the only pancreatic enzyme involved in lipid digestion in cod. The enzyme has been characterized and compared to human pancreatic BSDL with respect to substrate specificity, temperature- and pH-dependence and inhibitors. Both soluble and insoluble fatty acid esters were hydrolysed and the enzyme was 1,3-specific in hydrolysis of triolein. The enzyme was inhibited by di-isopropyl fluorophosphate and phenyl boronic acid, but not significantly by phenyl methyl sulfonyl fluoride. The cod BSDL is probably homologous to mammalian pancreatic BSDLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Gjellesvik
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Bergen, Norway
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