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Kulakova E, Muravyova E. Technical Solution for Monitoring Climatically Active Gases Using the Turbulent Pulsation Method. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:8645. [PMID: 37896738 PMCID: PMC10611341 DOI: 10.3390/s23208645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
This article introduces a technical solution for investigating the movement of gases in the atmosphere through the turbulent pulsation method. A comprehensive control system was developed to measure and record the concentrations of carbon dioxide and methane, temperature, humidity, atmospheric air pressure, wind direction, and speed in the vertical plane. The selection and validation of sensor types and brands for each parameter, along with the system for data collection, registration, and device monitoring, were meticulously executed. The AHT21 + ENS160 sensor was chosen for temperature measurement, the BME680 was identified as the optimal sensor for humidity and atmospheric pressure control, Eu-M-CH4-OD was designated for methane gas analysis, and CM1107N for carbon dioxide measurements. Wind direction and speed are best measured with the SM5386V anemometer. The control system utilizes the Arduino controller, and software was developed for the multicomponent gas analyzer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Kulakova
- Department of Automated Technological and Information Systems, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Ufa State Petroleum Technological University, Sterlitamak 453103, Russia;
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Junker J, Wilken D, Huntington E, Heurs M. High-precision cavity spectroscopy using high-frequency squeezed light. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:6053-6068. [PMID: 33726135 DOI: 10.1364/oe.416713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we present a novel spectroscopy technique that improves the signal-to-shot-noise ratio without the need to increase the laser power. Detrimental effects by technical noise sources are avoided by frequency-modulation techniques (frequency up-shifting). Superimposing the signal on non-classical states of light leads to a reduced quantum noise floor. Our method reveals in a proof-of-concept experiment small signals at Hz to kHz frequencies even below the shot noise limit. Our theoretical calculations fully support our experimental findings. The proposed technique is interesting for applications such as high-precision cavity spectroscopy, e.g., for explosive trace gas detection where the specific gas might set an upper limit for the laser power employed.
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Alquaity ABS, Es-sebbar ET, Farooq A. Sensitive and ultra-fast species detection using pulsed cavity ringdown spectroscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:7217-7226. [PMID: 25837066 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.007217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Pulsed cavity ringdown spectroscopy (CRDS) is used to develop a novel, ultra-fast, high-sensitivity diagnostic for measuring species concentrations in shock tube experiments. The diagnostic is demonstrated by monitoring trace concentrations of ethylene in the mid-IR region near 949.47 cm⁻¹. Each ringdown measurement is completed in less than 1 µs and the time period between successive pulses is 10 µs. The high sensitivity diagnostic has a noise-equivalent detection limit of 1.08 x 10⁻⁵ cm⁻¹ which enables detection of 15 ppm ethylene at fuel pyrolysis conditions (1845 K and 2 bar) and 294 ppb ethylene under ambient conditions (297 K and 1 bar). To our knowledge, this is the first successful application of the cavity ringdown method to the measurement of species time-histories in a shock tube.
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McCartt AD, Ognibene TJ, Bench G, Turteltaub KW. Model-Based, Closed-Loop Control of PZT Creep for Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy. MEASUREMENT SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 25:095201. [PMID: 25395738 PMCID: PMC4225624 DOI: 10.1088/0957-0233/25/9/095201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Cavity ring-down spectrometers typically employ a PZT stack to modulate the cavity transmission spectrum. While PZTs ease instrument complexity and aid measurement sensitivity, PZT hysteresis hinders the implementation of cavity-length-stabilized, data-acquisition routines. Once the cavity length is stabilized, the cavity's free spectral range imparts extreme linearity and precision to the measured spectrum's wavelength axis. Methods such as frequency-stabilized cavity ring-down spectroscopy have successfully mitigated PZT hysteresis, but their complexity limits commercial applications. Described herein is a single-laser, model-based, closed-loop method for cavity length control.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D McCartt
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, USA
- Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Lawrence Livermore National Lab, USA
| | - T J Ognibene
- Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Lawrence Livermore National Lab, USA
| | - G Bench
- Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Lawrence Livermore National Lab, USA
| | - K W Turteltaub
- Biology and Biotechnology Division, Lawrence Livermore National Lab, USA
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Woods DA, Bain CD. Total internal reflection spectroscopy for studying soft matter. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:1071-1096. [PMID: 24651911 DOI: 10.1039/c3sm52817k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Total internal reflection (TIR) spectroscopy is a widely used technique to study soft matter at interfaces. This tutorial review aims to provide researchers with an overview of the principles, experimental design and applications of TIR spectroscopy to enable them to understand how this class of techniques might be used in their research. It also highlights limitations and pitfalls of TIR techniques, which will assist readers in critically analysing the literature. Techniques covered include attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (ATR-IR), TIR fluorescence, TIR Raman scattering and cavity-enhanced techniques. Other related techniques are briefly described.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Woods
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham, UKDH1 3LE.
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Cancio P, Galli I, Bartalini S, Giusfredi G, Mazzotti D, De Natale P. Saturated-Absorption Cavity Ring-Down (SCAR) for High-Sensitivity and High-Resolution Molecular Spectroscopy in the Mid IR. SPRINGER SERIES IN OPTICAL SCIENCES 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-40003-2_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Li Z, Ma W, Fu X, Tan W, Zhao G, Dong L, Zhang L, Yin W, Jia S. Continuous-wave cavity ringdown spectroscopy based on the control of cavity reflection. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:17961-17971. [PMID: 23938668 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.017961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A new type of continuous-wave cavity ringdown spectrometer based on the control of cavity reflection for trace gas detection was designed and evaluated. The technique separated the acquisitions of the ringdown event and the trigger signal to optical switch by detecting the cavity reflection and transmission, respectively. A detailed description of the time sequence of the measurement process was presented. In order to avoid the wrong extraction of ringdown time encountered accidentally in fitting procedure, the laser frequency and cavity length were scanned synchronously. Based on the statistical analysis of measured ringdown times, the frequency normalized minimum detectable absorption in the reflection control mode was 1.7 × 10(-9)cm(-1)Hz(-1/2), which was 5.4 times smaller than that in the transmission control mode. However the signal-to-noise ratio of the absorption spectrum was only 3 times improved since the etalon effect existed. Finally, the peak absorption coefficients of the C(2)H(2) transition near 1530.9nm under different pressures showed a good agreement with the theoretical values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Laser Spectroscopy Laboratory, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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Tanner CM, Quack M. Reinvestigation of the ν2 + 2ν3subband in the overtone icosad of12CH4using cavity ring-down (CRD) spectroscopy of a supersonic jet expansion. Mol Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2012.702934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Cygan A, Lisak D, Masłowski P, Bielska K, Wójtewicz S, Domysławska J, Trawiński RS, Ciuryło R, Abe H, Hodges JT. Pound-Drever-Hall-locked, frequency-stabilized cavity ring-down spectrometer. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2011; 82:063107. [PMID: 21721674 DOI: 10.1063/1.3595680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We describe a high sensitivity and high spectral resolution laser absorption spectrometer based upon the frequency-stabilized cavity ring-down spectroscopy (FS-CRDS) technique. We used the Pound-Drever-Hall (PDH) method to lock the probe laser to the high-finesse ring-down cavity. We show that the concomitant narrowing of the probe laser line width leads to dramatically increased ring-down event acquisition rates (up to 14.3 kHz), improved spectrum signal-to-noise ratios for weak O(2) absorption spectra at λ = 687 nm and substantial increase in spectrum acquisition rates compared to implementations of FS-CRDS that do not incorporate high-bandwidth locking techniques. The minimum detectable absorption coefficient and the noise-equivalent absorption coefficient for the spectrometer are about 2×10(-10) cm(-1) and 7.5×10(-11) cm(-1)Hz(-1/2), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cygan
- Instytut Fizyki, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika, ul. Grudziadzka 5/7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
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Hippler M, Quack M. Intramolecular energy transfer from isotope selective overtone spectroscopy by vibrationally assisted dissociation and photofragment ionization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/bbpc.19971010307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Castellanos P, Luke WT, Kelley P, Stehr JW, Ehrman SH, Dickerson RR. Modification of a commercial cavity ring-down spectroscopy NO2 detector for enhanced sensitivity. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2009; 80:113107. [PMID: 19947717 DOI: 10.1063/1.3244090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)) plays a central role in atmospheric chemistry, air pollution, and biogeochemical cycles. Many analytical techniques have been developed to detect NO(2), but only chemiluminescence-based instruments are commonly, commercially available. There remains a need for a fast, light, and simple method to directly measure NO(2). In this work we describe the modification and characterization of a small, commercially available cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) NO(2) detector suitable for surface and aircraft monitoring. A metal oxide scrubber was added to remove NO(2), and provide a chemical zero, improving the detection limit (3sigma of the background noise) from several parts per billion by volume (ppbv) to 0.06 ppbv, integrated over 60 s. Known interferences by water and particles were removed using Nafion tubing and a 1 microm Teflon filter, respectively. A 95% response time of 18+/-1 s was observed for a step change in concentration. The CRDS detector was run in parallel to an ozone chemiluminescence device with photolytic conversion of NO(2) to NO. The two instruments measured ambient air in suburban Maryland. A least-squares fit to the comparison data resulted a slope of 0.960+/-0.002 and R of 0.995, showing agreement within experimental uncertainty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Castellanos
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
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Friedrichs G. Sensitive Absorption Methods for Quantitative Gas Phase Kinetic Measurements. Part 2: Cavity Ringdown Spectroscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1524/zpch.2008.222.1.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cavity ringdown spectroscopy (CRDS) and frequency modulation spectroscopy (FMS) are sensitive absorption based detection methods that have found widespread applications in gas phase reaction kinetics. In part 2 of this review, the theoretical foundations of CRDS are addressed with a special emphasis on quantitative time-resolved measurements of concentration profiles. A complementary review of FMS can be found in part 1 (Z. Phys. Chem. 222 (2008) 1–30). Practical aspects, possible pitfalls, attainable sensitivities, and modern trends are discussed. Recent kinetic studies based on CRDS measurements as a time-resolved detection tool are briefly reviewed and a bibliography with 136 entries is included to facilitate the access to the large body of original literature.
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Wong DM, Dagdigian PJ. Comparison of IR and UV cavity ring-down spectroscopy detection of transient intermediates: pyrolysis of methyl azide to form methyleneimine. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2007; 67:1019-24. [PMID: 17088097 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2006.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2006] [Revised: 09/15/2006] [Accepted: 09/18/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Mid-infrared cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) has been employed in this study to examine the hydride stretching region of methyl azide and its pyrolysis product methyleneimine. The absorption spectrum of methyl azide over 2835-3085 cm(-1) was recorded, and the integrated absorption cross section was determined. The pyrolysis of methyl azide and subsequent production of methyleneimine was observed at various wavenumbers. Using IR CRDS, we were able to observe vibrational transitions of methyleneimine without interference from the methyl azide precursor. Our previous UV CRDS study showed that electronic transitions of methyleneimine overlapped with those of methyl azide. IR CRDS should thus be useful for the detection of polyatomic transient intermediates without interference from precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane M Wong
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218-2685, USA
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Moehnke CJ, Lewis EK, Lopez-Calvo A, Manzanares CE. Phase shift cavity ring down at low temperatures: Vibration–rotation overtone absorption of H–D (Δv= 4) at 297 and 105 K. Chem Phys Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2005.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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17
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Phase shift cavity ring down and FT-VIS measurements of C–H (Δv=5) vibrational overtone absorptions. Chem Phys Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2004.06.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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von Basum G, Halmer D, Hering P, Mürtz M, Schiller S, Müller F, Popp A, Kühnemann F. Parts per trillion sensitivity for ethane in air with an optical parametric oscillator cavity leak-out spectrometer. OPTICS LETTERS 2004; 29:797-799. [PMID: 15119381 DOI: 10.1364/ol.29.000797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Spectroscopic detection of ethane in the 3-microm wavelength region was performed by means of a cw optical parametric oscillator and cavity leak-out. We achieved a minimum detectable absorption coefficient of 1.6 x 10(-10) cm 1/square root of Hz, corresponding to an ethane detection limit of 6 parts per trillion/square root of Hz. For 3-min integration time the detection limit was 0.5 parts per trillion. The levels are to our knowledge the best demonstrated so far. These frequency-tuning capabilities facilitated multigas analysis with simultaneous monitoring of ethane, methane, and water vapor in human breath.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golo von Basum
- Institut für Lasermedizin, Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Abstract
The detection of explosives, energetic materials, and their associated compounds for security screening, demining, detection of unexploded ordnance, and pollution monitoring is an active area of research. A wide variety of detection methods and an even wider range of physical chemistry issues are involved in this very challenging area. This review focuses on techniques such as optical and mass spectrometry and chromatography for detection of trace amounts of explosives with short response times. We also review techniques for detecting the decomposition fragments of these materials. Molecular data for explosive compounds are reviewed where available.
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Affiliation(s)
- J I Steinfeld
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
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Brown SS. Absorption Spectroscopy in High-Finesse Cavities for Atmospheric Studies. Chem Rev 2003; 103:5219-38. [PMID: 14664649 DOI: 10.1021/cr020645c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven S Brown
- NOAA Aeronomy Lab, R/AL2, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank N Keutsch
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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Ito F, Nakanaga T, Futami Y, Nakata M. Observation of methyl iodide clusters in gas phase by infrared cavity ring-down spectroscopy. Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-0104(02)00919-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Marcus GA, Schwettman HA. Cavity ringdown spectroscopy of thin films in the mid-infrared. APPLIED OPTICS 2002; 41:5167-5171. [PMID: 12206228 DOI: 10.1364/ao.41.005167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
To demonstrate the potential of the cavity ringdown technique in mid-infrared spectroscopy of thin film samples, we measured absorption losses in a C60 film on a BaF2 substrate using a tunable optical parametric amplifier source. With a Brewster angle sample geometry, we achieved a fractional loss sensitivity as small as 1.3 x 10(-7) with 1.5 cm(-1) resolution, an improvement in sensitivity of 2 orders of magnitude compared to standard Fourier transform infrared methods. At an absorption sensitivity of 5 x 10(-7), spectra of several C60 overtone lines were recorded.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A Marcus
- Department of Physics, Stanford Free Electron Laser Center, Stanford University, California 94305-4085, USA.
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Casaes R, Provençal R, Paul J, Saykally RJ. High resolution pulsed infrared cavity ringdown spectroscopy: Application to laser ablated carbon clusters. J Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1461825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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He Y, Orr BJ. Tunable single-mode operation of a pulsed optical parametric oscillator pumped by a multimode laser. APPLIED OPTICS 2001; 40:4836-4848. [PMID: 18360525 DOI: 10.1364/ao.40.004836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
High-quality single-longitudinal-mode (SLM) tunable signal radiation is generated by a pulsed optical parametric oscillator (OPO) pumped by a compact, inexpensive multimode laser. The OPO is based on periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) in a ring cavity that is injection seeded at its resonated signal wavelength by a single-mode tunable diode laser. Accurate control of the OPO cavity length and crystal temperature ensures a continuously tunable SLM signal output frequency range of >7.5 THz (>250 cm(-1)); the corresponding idler output remains multimode. High-resolution molecular spectra are recorded to verify OPO performance at wavelengths of ~1.55 mum. The observed signal optical bandwidth of </=120 MHz (</=0.0040 cm(-1)) compares favorably with that of a more elaborate PPLN OPO system pumped by a pulsed single-mode laser.
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Naus H, van Stokkum IH, Hogervorst W, Ubachs W. Quantitative analysis of decay transients applied to a multimode pulsed cavity ringdown experiment. APPLIED OPTICS 2001; 40:4416-4426. [PMID: 18360482 DOI: 10.1364/ao.40.004416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The intensity and noise properties of decay transients obtained in a generic pulsed cavity ringdown experiment are analyzed experimentally and theoretically. A weighted nonlinear least-squares analysis of digitized decay transients is shown that avoids baseline offset effects that induce systematic deviations in the estimation of decay rates. As follows from simulations not only is it a method that provides correct estimates for the values of the fit parameters, but moreover it also yields a correct estimate of the precision of the fit parameters. It is shown experimentally that a properly aligned stable optical resonator can effectively yield monoexponential decays under multimode excitation. An on-line method has been developed, based on a statistical analysis of the noise properties of the decay transients, to align a stable resonator toward this monoexponential decay.
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Logunov SL. Cavity ringdown detection of losses in thin films in the telecommunication wavelength window. APPLIED OPTICS 2001; 40:1570-1573. [PMID: 18357150 DOI: 10.1364/ao.40.001570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The method of cavity ringdown spectroscopy (when a tunable pulsed optical parametric oscillator was used) was extended for the loss evaluation in thin films (2-20-microm thickness). The technique was applied in two key telecommunication wavelength ranges of 1260-1330 and 1480-1650 nm. The measurement sensitivity was determined to be 50 ppm (5 x 10(-5)). The results for polymer films are in close correlation with conventional spectrophotometric data and propagation loss for planar waveguides. Films of greater thickness and better optical quality are expected to provide an even higher loss resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Logunov
- Science Technology Division, Corning, Incorporated, Sullivan Park, Corning, New York 14831-0000, USA.
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Lewis EK, Reynolds D, Li X, de Villele G, Leduc C, Cedeño DL, Manzanares I C. Phase shift cavity ring-down measurement of C–H (Δv=6) vibrational overtone absorptions. Chem Phys Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(00)01466-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Bucher CR, Lehmann KK, Plusquellic DF, Fraser GT. Doppler-free nonlinear absorption in ethylene by use of continuous-wave cavity ringdown spectroscopy. APPLIED OPTICS 2000; 39:3154-3164. [PMID: 18345246 DOI: 10.1364/ao.39.003154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We report what we believe to be the first systematic study of Doppler-free, nonlinear absorption by use of cavity ringdown spectroscopy. We have developed a variant of cavity ringdown spectroscopy for the mid-infrared region between 9 and 11 microm, exploiting the intracavity power buildup that is possible with continuous-wave lasers. The infrared source consists of a continuous-wave CO2 laser with 1-mW tunable infrared sidebands that couple into a high-finesse stable resonator. We tune the sideband frequencies to observe a saturated, Doppler-free Lamb dip in the nu7, 11(1,10) <-- 11(2,10) rovibrational transition of ethylene (C2H4). Power studies of the Lamb dip are presented to examine the intracavity effects of saturation on the Lamb-dip linewidth, the peak depth, and the broadband absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Bucher
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA.
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Totschnig G, Baer DS, Wang J, Winter F, Hofbauer H, Hanson RK. Multiplexed continuous-wave diode-laser cavity ringdown measurements of multiple species. APPLIED OPTICS 2000; 39:2009-2016. [PMID: 18345101 DOI: 10.1364/ao.39.002009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Rapid cavity ringdown measurements of multiple broadband absorbing species (methanol and isopropanol) in gas mixtures have been recorded with two multiplexed continuous-wave distributed-feedback diode lasers operating near 1.4 mum. A measurement sensitivity of 2.4 x 10(-9) cm(-1) for a 4.3-s averaging time was achieved in a 39.5-cm-long static cell with 99.94% reflectivity mirrors. This corresponds to a water-vapor detection limit of less than 2 ppb (parts in 10(9)) for the strong H(2)O lines near 1.4 mum. The shot-to-shot noise of the decay time constant tau was approximately 0.3-0.7%, and ringdown acquisition rates as great as 900 Hz were achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Totschnig
- High Temperature Gasdynamics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
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Provencal RA, Casaes RN, Roth K, Paul JB, Chapo CN, Saykally RJ, Tschumper GS, Schaefer HF. Hydrogen Bonding in Alcohol Clusters: A Comparative Study by Infrared Cavity Ringdown Laser Absorption Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9919258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kleine D, Stry S, Lauterbach J, Kleinermanns K, Hering P. Measurement of the absolute intensity of the fifth CH stretching overtone of benzene using cavity ring-down spectroscopy. Chem Phys Lett 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(99)00950-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Provencal RA, Paul JB, Roth K, Chapo C, Casaes RN, Saykally RJ, Tschumper GS, Schaefer HF. Infrared cavity ringdown spectroscopy of methanol clusters: Single donor hydrogen bonding. J Chem Phys 1999. [DOI: 10.1063/1.478309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Aniolek K, Powers P, Kulp T, Richman B, Bisson S. Cavity ringdown laser absorption spectroscopy with a 1 kHz mid-infrared periodically poled lithium niobate optical parametric generator/optical parametric amplifier. Chem Phys Lett 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(99)00139-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Chapo CJ, Paul JB, Provencal RA, Roth K, Saykally RJ. Is Arginine Zwitterionic or Neutral in the Gas Phase? Results from IR Cavity Ringdown Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ja982991a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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He Y, Hippler M, Quack M. High-resolution cavity ring-down absorption spectroscopy of nitrous oxide and chloroform using a near-infrared cw diode laser. Chem Phys Lett 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(98)00424-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Engeln R, Berden G, van den Berg E, Meijer G. Polarization dependent cavity ring down spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 1997. [DOI: 10.1063/1.474808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Paul JB, Collier CP, Saykally RJ, Scherer JJ, O'Keefe A. Direct Measurement of Water Cluster Concentrations by Infrared Cavity Ringdown Laser Absorption Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jp971216z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Atkinson DB, Hudgens JW. Chemical Kinetic Studies Using Ultraviolet Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopic Detection: Self-Reaction of Ethyl and Ethylperoxy Radicals and the Reaction O2+ C2H5→ C2H5O2. J Phys Chem A 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jp970240+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Scherer JJ, Paul JB, O'Keefe A, Saykally RJ. Cavity Ringdown Laser Absorption Spectroscopy: History, Development, and Application to Pulsed Molecular Beams. Chem Rev 1997; 97:25-52. [PMID: 11848864 DOI: 10.1021/cr930048d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 371] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. J. Scherer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, and Los Gatos Research, 1685 Plymouth Way, Mountain View, California 94043
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Scherer J, Rakestraw D. Cavity ringdown laser absorption spectroscopy detection of formyl (HCO) radical in a low pressure flame. Chem Phys Lett 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(96)01403-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Hodges JT, Looney JP, van Zee RD. Response of a ring‐down cavity to an arbitrary excitation. J Chem Phys 1996. [DOI: 10.1063/1.472956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Lehmann KK, Romanini D. The superposition principle and cavity ring‐down spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 1996. [DOI: 10.1063/1.472955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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