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Muhammad SA, Fatima N, Syed NIH, Wu X, Yang XF, Chen JY. MicroRNA Expression Profiling of Human Respiratory Epithelium Affected by Invasive Candida Infection. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136454. [PMID: 26313489 PMCID: PMC4551683 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive candidiasis is potentially life-threatening systemic fungal infection caused by Candida albicans (C. albicans). Candida enters the blood stream and disseminate throughout the body and it is often observed in hospitalized patients, immunocompromised individuals or those with chronic diseases. This infection is opportunistic and risk starts with the colonization of C. albicans on mucocutaneous surfaces and respiratory epithelium. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs which are involved in the regulation of virtually every cellular process. They regulate and control the levels of mRNA stability and post-transcriptional gene expression. Aberrant expression of miRNAs has been associated in many disease states, and miRNA-based therapies are in progress. In this study, we investigated possible variations of miRNA expression profiles of respiratory epithelial cells infected by invasive Candida species. For this purpose, respiratory epithelial tissues of infected individuals from hospital laboratory were accessed before their treatment. Invasive Candida infection was confirmed by isolation of Candia albicans from the blood cultures of the same infected individuals. The purity of epithelial tissues was assessed by flow cytometry (FACSCalibur cytometer; BD Biosciences, Heidelberg, Germany) using statin antibody (S-44). TaqMan quantitative real-time PCR (in a TaqMan Low Density Array format) was used for miRNA expression profiling. MiRNAs investigated, the levels of expression of 55 miRNA were significantly altered in infected tissues. Some miRNAs showed dramatic increase (miR-16-1) or decrease of expression (miR-17-3p) as compared to control. Gene ontology enrichment analysis of these miRNA-targeted genes suggests that Candidal infection affect many important biological pathways. In summary, disturbance in miRNA expression levels indicated the change in cascade of pathological processes and the regulation of respiratory epithelial functions following invasive Candidal infection. These findings contribute to our understanding of host cell response to Candidal systemic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Aun Muhammad
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University (BZU), Multan, Pakistan
| | - Nighat Fatima
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | | | - Xiaogang Wu
- Institute for Systems Biology (ISB), Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - X Frank Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Jake Y Chen
- Indiana Center for Systems Biology and Personalized Medicine, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America; School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America; Department of Computer and Information Science, School of Science Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America; Institute of Biopharmaceutical Informatics and Technology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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Kyzer SD, Gordon PH, Wang E. Immunohistochemical analysis of statin in colorectal adenocarcinoma, polyps, and normal mucosa. Dis Colon Rectum 1996; 39:546-51. [PMID: 8620806 DOI: 10.1007/bf02058709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The search for an understanding of the kinetics of the malignant cell is an ongoing focus of research. The aim of the present study was to determine whether there were any differences in the expression of statin, a nonproliferation-specific nuclear protein, among different colorectal tissues and whether there is any relationship between statin presence and neoplastic aggressivity. METHODS The study population consisted of specimens from 19 patients who underwent resection for carcinoma, one for villous adenoma, and seven for colonoscopic polypectomies. Tissue samples were taken from the center of the specimen and from mucosa 10 cm from the lesion. RESULTS Statin immunoreactivity was evaluated by counting stained nuclei in ten randomly chosen fields, and percent of positive cells was calculated. Average percentage of statin-positive cells was 34.33 +/- 6.81 in the normal crypt, 44.42 +/- 7.28 for polyps, and 7.74 +/- 5.67 for carcinomas (significantly lower than normal mucosa and polyps; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Statin expression is dramatically diminished in invasive carcinoma tissue, but it did not help determine aggressivity with respect to Dukes stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Kyzer
- Department of Surgery, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Coates PJ, Hobbs RC, Crocker J, Rowlands DC, Murray P, Quinlan R, Hall PA. Identification of the antigen recognized by the monoclonal antibody BU31 as lamins A and C. J Pathol 1996; 178:21-9. [PMID: 8778310 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-9896(199601)178:1<21::aid-path439>3.0.co;2-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The murine monoclonal antibody BU31 binds to the nuclear membrane of many cell types. The expression of the BU31 antigen has previously been shown to have an inverse correlation with the proliferative index in lung tumours, defined by Ki67 staining. The distribution of BU31-positive cells is now shown to parallel the distribution of non-dividing cells in a range of normal human and rat tissues, although neuroendocrine cells and germ cells in the testis show no reactivity. Cells grown in culture and induced to undergo growth arrest show a higher level of labelling with BU31 than their proliferating counterparts. Confocal laser scanning microscopy reveals that the BU31 antigen is distributed predominantly along the nuclear lamina, with occasional internal foci. This distribution is very similar to that of the nuclear membrane proteins lamin A and lamin C, suggesting that the BU31 antigen and lamins A and C could be one and the same. Immunoblotting using recombinant lamin proteins confirmed this proposal. Moreover, a monoclonal antibody to the non-proliferation-associated antigen, statin, also recognizes lamins A and C. These data indicate that the demonstration of lamins A and C can be used to provide information on the proliferative activity of normal and neoplastic tissues. These data also suggest a role for nuclear lamins A and C during cellular quiescence, possibly through the reorganization and maintenance of nuclear structure, or more directly through interactions with the retinoblastoma gene product or related proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Coates
- Department of Pathology, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, U.K
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Sandig M, Bissonnette R, Liu CH, Tomaszewski G, Wang E. Characterization of 57 kDa statin as a true marker for growth arrest in tissue by its disappearance from regenerating liver. J Cell Physiol 1994; 158:277-84. [PMID: 8106565 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.1041580210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Statin, a 57 kDa nuclear protein, is lost from quiescent fibroblasts in culture when they are induced to enter the cell cycle by feeding with growth factors, or by removal of contact inhibition. In order to investigate changes in statin expression during the transition from a quiescent to a cycling state in situ, we performed 70% partial hepatectomy on rats and analyzed the regenerating liver by immunofluorescence microscopy with antistatin monoclonal antibodies (S44 mAb), and by immunoblotting of liver proteins in cytoplasmic and enriched nuclear/cytoskeletal fractions. Western blot analysis showed that rat hepatocytes in situ contain a nuclear 57 kDa form of statin, as seen in cultured fibroblasts; however additional S44-immunoreactive polypeptides with molecular weights of 53 and 110 kDa are also present in both cytoplasmic and nuclear/cytoskeletal fractions. Immunofluorescence microscopy indicates that the proportion of S44-positive hepatocyte nuclei drops to approximately 60% within 24 hours after hepatectomy, a time period when re-entry of hepatocytes into the cell cycle is first observed. On Western blots of hepatocyte nuclear/cytoskeletal proteins obtained 24 hours after hepatectomy, the 57 kDa form of statin is markedly reduced. These results suggest that, although in liver the S44 antibody recognizes three proteins (53 kDa, 57 kDa, and 110 kDa), the 57 kDa in intact liver, similar to cultured fibroblasts, is the only polypeptide recognized by the statin antibody that disappears when hepatocytes are induced to re-enter the cell cycle from a quiescent state.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sandig
- Bloomfield Centre for Research in Aging, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Lee M, Sandig M, Wang E. Statin, a protein specifically present in nonproliferating cells, is a phosphoprotein and forms a complex with a 45-kilodalton serine/threonine kinase. J Biol Chem 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)36679-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Kyzer S, Mitmaker B, Gordon PH, Schipper H, Wang E. Proliferative activity of colonic mucosa at different distances from primary adenocarcinoma as determined by the presence of statin: a nonproliferation-specific nuclear protein. Dis Colon Rectum 1992; 35:879-83. [PMID: 1511650 DOI: 10.1007/bf02047877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The field change is one hypothesis concerning the development of colorectal carcinoma. Removal of a carcinoma without its entire surrounding altered mucosa may result in the development of a recurrence. S44, a monoclonal antibody directed against statin, a nuclear protein expressed in nonproliferating cells in either a quiescent or senescent state, was used to determine the rate of cell growth in colorectal mucosa at different distances from carcinomas. The specimens of 18 patients undergoing resection of a colorectal carcinoma were immediately opened after operation, and strips of mucosa were taken at distances of 1 cm, 5 cm, and 10 cm from the carcinoma. For each location, 10 longitudinally oriented crypts were evaluated for statin-positive cells identified by the presence of a dark brown peroxidase-conjugated antibody reaction product. The average percentage of statin-positive cells per crypt was significantly lower at a 1-cm distance from the carcinoma compared with the mucosa located 5 and 10 cm from the carcinoma (20.89 +/- 4.33 at 1 cm, 32.41 +/- 5.27 at 5 cm, and 34.23 +/- 6.45 at 10 cm). None of the calculated parameters showed any significant difference between the 5-cm and 10-cm locations. The fact that the proliferation rate of the mucosal cells returns to the normal level at 5 cm from the margin of the carcinoma suggests that cells located within this distance still retain proliferative potential even though they are morphologically indistinguishable from their normal counterparts. We conclude that failure to remove this transitional, potentially proliferative mucosa may result in subsequent development of anastomotic or perianastomotic recurrences.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kyzer
- Department of Surgery, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Regulation and expression of a growth arrest-specific gene (gas5) during growth, differentiation, and development. Mol Cell Biol 1992. [PMID: 1630459 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.12.8.3514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth arrest-specific gas5 gene was isolated from mouse genomic DNA and structurally characterized. The transcriptional unit is divided into 12 exons that span around 7 kb. An alternative splicing mechanism gives rise to two mature mRNAs which contain either 11 or 12 exons, and both are found in the cytoplasm of growth-arrested cells. In vivo, the gas5 gene is ubiquitously expressed in mouse tissues during development and adult life. In Friend leukemia and NIH 3T3 cells, the levels of gas5 gene mRNA were high in saturation density-arrested cells and almost undetectable in actively growing cells. Run-on experiments indicated that the gas5 gene is transcribed at the same level in both growing and arrested cells. On the other hand, in dimethyl sulfoxide-induced differentiating cells a sharp decrease in the rate of transcription was observed shortly before the cells reached the postmitotic stage. These results indicate that in density-arrested cells accumulation of gas5 mRNA is controlled at the posttranscriptional level while in differentiating cells expression is regulated transcriptionally.
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Coccia EM, Cicala C, Charlesworth A, Ciccarelli C, Rossi GB, Philipson L, Sorrentino V. Regulation and expression of a growth arrest-specific gene (gas5) during growth, differentiation, and development. Mol Cell Biol 1992; 12:3514-21. [PMID: 1630459 PMCID: PMC364604 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.12.8.3514-3521.1992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth arrest-specific gas5 gene was isolated from mouse genomic DNA and structurally characterized. The transcriptional unit is divided into 12 exons that span around 7 kb. An alternative splicing mechanism gives rise to two mature mRNAs which contain either 11 or 12 exons, and both are found in the cytoplasm of growth-arrested cells. In vivo, the gas5 gene is ubiquitously expressed in mouse tissues during development and adult life. In Friend leukemia and NIH 3T3 cells, the levels of gas5 gene mRNA were high in saturation density-arrested cells and almost undetectable in actively growing cells. Run-on experiments indicated that the gas5 gene is transcribed at the same level in both growing and arrested cells. On the other hand, in dimethyl sulfoxide-induced differentiating cells a sharp decrease in the rate of transcription was observed shortly before the cells reached the postmitotic stage. These results indicate that in density-arrested cells accumulation of gas5 mRNA is controlled at the posttranscriptional level while in differentiating cells expression is regulated transcriptionally.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Coccia
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
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Bayer I, Mitmaker B, Gordon PH, Wang E. Modulation of nuclear statin expression in rat thyroid follicle cell following administration of thyroid stimulating hormone. J Cell Physiol 1992; 150:276-82. [PMID: 1734032 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.1041500209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to examine the state of proliferation in the rat thyrocyte following the administration of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). An immunohistochemical technique involving the use of a monoclonal antibody to statin, a nonproliferation-specific nuclear antigen, was developed to measure the subpopulation of cells that have ceased to divide. Following the random assignment of young male Sprague-Dawley rats into various groups, the rats in the control group received a single intraperitoneal (i-p) injection of normal saline, whereas the experimental groups received single i-p injections of TSH at doses of 0.25, 0.50, and 1.0 IU, respectively. All rats were subsequently sacrificed in groups of three at 1, 2, 4, and 24 hours. The statin antibody label was readily identified within the follicle cell nucleus. Results revealed a statistically significant transient decrease in the mean percent statin-positive nuclei in the TSH-treated groups. The time- and dose-dependent effect of TSH was maximal at 2 hours and no longer discernible at 24 hours. A second experiment involving the chronic administration of TSH (i-p 0.25 IU twice daily) resulted in a cumulative response with a statistically significant progressive decrease in the mean percent of statin-positive nuclei at 5 and 10 days, returning to near normal values 5 days following the cessation of treatment. Determination of the nuclear optical density of the statin reaction product by image analysis techniques revealed that a single injection of TSH resulted in a rapid disappearance of the statin nuclear protein. This result suggests that the disappearance of statin in the nucleus appears to reflect the event of cells leaving the nondividing quiescent state to resume the cell cycle traverse following the administration of TSH. The disappearance of statin appears as an early nuclear event that parallels the earliest known cytoplasmic pinocytotic response to TSH in the rat thyroid follicle cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Bayer
- Department of Surgery, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Ann D, Moutsatsos I, Nakamura T, Lin H, Mao P, Lee M, Chin S, Liem R, Wang E. Isolation and characterization of the rat chromosomal gene for a polypeptide (pS1) antigenically related to statin. J Biol Chem 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)99243-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Purification and biochemical characterization of statin, a nonproliferation specific protein from rat liver. J Biol Chem 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)45469-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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