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Tuaño APP, Tan LAG, Hernandez MBS, Lu RE. In vitro
α‐amylase inhibitory and antioxidant properties of soluble proteins and their peptic hydrolysates from raw and cooked commercially available oatmeal. Cereal Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cche.10485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arvin Paul P. Tuaño
- Institute of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences University of the Philippines Los Baños, College Laguna Philippines
- Department of Chemistry, College of Humanities and Sciences De La Salle Medical and Health Sciences Institute Dasmariñas City, Cavite Philippines
| | - Lance Aaron G. Tan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Humanities and Sciences De La Salle Medical and Health Sciences Institute Dasmariñas City, Cavite Philippines
- College of Medicine University of the East Ramon Magsaysay Memorial Medical Center Quezon City Philippines
| | - Mia Bianca S. Hernandez
- Department of Chemistry, College of Humanities and Sciences De La Salle Medical and Health Sciences Institute Dasmariñas City, Cavite Philippines
- College of Medicine De La Salle Medical and Health Sciences Institute Dasmariñas City, Cavite Philippines
| | - Ramon E. Lu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Humanities and Sciences De La Salle Medical and Health Sciences Institute Dasmariñas City, Cavite Philippines
- College of Medicine De La Salle Medical and Health Sciences Institute Dasmariñas City, Cavite Philippines
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Marmouzi I, Karym EM, Saidi N, Meddah B, Kharbach M, Masrar A, Bouabdellah M, Chabraoui L, El Allali K, Cherrah Y, Faouzi MEA. In Vitro and In Vivo Antioxidant and Anti-Hyperglycemic Activities of Moroccan Oat Cultivars. Antioxidants (Basel) 2017; 6:antiox6040102. [PMID: 29211033 PMCID: PMC5745512 DOI: 10.3390/antiox6040102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Improvement of oat lines via introgression is an important process for food biochemical functionality. This work aims to evaluate the protective effect of phenolic compounds from hybrid Oat line (F11-5) and its parent (Amlal) on hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress and to establish the possible mechanisms of antidiabetic activity by digestive enzyme inhibition. Eight phenolic acids were quantified in our samples including ferulic, p-hydroxybenzoic, caffeic, salicylic, syringic, sinapic, p-coumaric and chlorogenic acids. The Oat extract (2000 mg/kg) ameliorated the glucose tolerance, decreased Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) and oxidative stress markers, including Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), Glutathione (GSH) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) in rat liver and kidney. Furthermore, Metformin and Oat intake prevented anxiety, hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis in diabetic rats. In vivo anti-hyperglycemic effect of Oat extracts has been confirmed by their inhibitory activities on α-amylase (723.91 μg/mL and 1027.14 μg/mL) and α-glucosidase (1548.12 μg/mL & 1803.52 μg/mL) enzymes by mean of a mixed inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilias Marmouzi
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie et Toxicologie, équipe de Pharmacocinétique, Faculté de Médicine et Pharmacie, University Mohammed V in Rabat, BP 6203, Rabat Instituts, Rabat 10100, Morocco.
| | - El Mostafa Karym
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Neurosciences, FST, Université Hassan I, BP 577, Settat 26000, Morocco.
| | - Nezha Saidi
- Regional Office of Rabat, National Institute for Agricultural Research, P.O. Box 6570, Rabat Institutes, Rabat 10101, Morocco.
| | - Bouchra Meddah
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie et Toxicologie, équipe de Pharmacocinétique, Faculté de Médicine et Pharmacie, University Mohammed V in Rabat, BP 6203, Rabat Instituts, Rabat 10100, Morocco.
| | - Mourad Kharbach
- Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Analysis Research Team, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed V, Rabat 10100, Morocco.
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Applied Chemometrics and Molecular Modelling, CePhaR, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Azlarab Masrar
- Central Laboratory of Biochemistry, Ibn Sina Hospital, Rabat 10100, Morocco.
| | - Mounya Bouabdellah
- Central Laboratory of Biochemistry, Ibn Sina Hospital, Rabat 10100, Morocco.
| | - Layachi Chabraoui
- Central Laboratory of Biochemistry, Ibn Sina Hospital, Rabat 10100, Morocco.
| | - Khalid El Allali
- Comparative Anatomy Unit-URAC-49, Hassan II Agronomy and Veterinary Institute, Rabat 10101, Morocco.
| | - Yahia Cherrah
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie et Toxicologie, équipe de Pharmacocinétique, Faculté de Médicine et Pharmacie, University Mohammed V in Rabat, BP 6203, Rabat Instituts, Rabat 10100, Morocco.
| | - My El Abbes Faouzi
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie et Toxicologie, équipe de Pharmacocinétique, Faculté de Médicine et Pharmacie, University Mohammed V in Rabat, BP 6203, Rabat Instituts, Rabat 10100, Morocco.
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Abstract
Objective and Conclusion: Uncertainty still exists about the use of oats and wheat starch as part of a gluten-free diet in patients with celiac disease (CD). This review should help to clarify the issues at hand. Whereas uncontaminated (from gluten/gliadin) oats and oats from cultivars not containing celiac-activating sequences of proline and glutamine can be used without risk of intestinal damage, wheat starch should not be used, unless it is free of gluten-that is, deglutinized-because even small amounts of gluten over time are able to induce small intestinal mucosal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Rainer Poley
- a Eastern Virginia Medical School , Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics EVMS, and Childrens' Hospital of the King's Daughters , Norfolk , Virginia, (ret).,b Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Brody School of Medicine , East Carolina University , Greenville , North Carolina (ret)
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Abstract
Oats in a gluten-free diet increase the diet's nutritional value, but their use remains controversial. Contamination with prolamins of other cereals is frequent, and some clinical and experimental studies support the view that a subgroup of celiac patients may be intolerant to pure oats. Thus, this issue is more complex than previously suggested. In order to produce oats that are safe for all celiac patients, the following topics should be addressed: selection of oat cultivars with low avenin content, research on such recombinant varieties of oats, development of assay methods to detect avenins in oat products, guidelines for the agricultural processing of oats and the manufacture of oat products, as well as guidelines for following up with celiac patients who consume oats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Premysl Fric
- Department of Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine and Central Military Hospital, Charles University, CZ-169 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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Abstract
Finger millet (Eleusine coracana) is a grass crop grown in Africa, India Nepal, and many countries of Asia. The plant and grain is resistant to drought, pests, and pathogens. It is rich in polyphenols and particularly in calcium. The double headed trypsin, α-amylase inhibitor from this grain has been isolated and characterized extensively. One major use for the grain is the making of fermented beverages after malting. α-Amylase and β-amylase are produced during germination. Food made from malted ragi is traditionally used for weaning and has been the source of low viscosity weaning foods that can deliver more energy per feed than those based on gelatinized starch. There is some evidence that foods from finger millet have a low gylcaemic index and are good for diabetic patients. Decortication, puffing, extrusion, and expansion are some of the new uses that the grain has been put to.
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Li SS, Claeson P. Cys/Gly-rich proteins with a putative single chitin-binding domain from oat (Avena sativa) seeds. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2003; 63:249-255. [PMID: 12737975 DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9422(03)00116-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Through a reliable and repeatable procedure based on solid-phase extraction techniques, a protein fraction (P fraction) rich in Cys/Gly residues was extracted and captured from oat (Avena sativa L.) seeds. Quantitative amino acid analysis and MS of the P fraction indicated that it contains a series of heterogeneous Cys/Gly-rich proteins with molecular masses of 3.6-4.0 kDa. Preliminary results from bioassays showed that these proteins possess weak to moderate antifungal properties to some fungal strains. From this fraction, a new polypeptide, designated avesin A, was purified and sequenced by Edman degradation. Avesin A consists of 37 amino-acid residues, with 10 glycine residues and eight cysteine residues forming disulfide bridges, and contains a single chitin-binding domain, which indicates that avesin A is a new member of the putative chitin-binding proteins. Avesin A is the first identified hevein-like small protein from cereal grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Sheng Li
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biomedical Center, PO Box 574, Uppsala University, SE-751 23, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Ribes-Koninckx C, Alfonso P, Ortigosa L, Escobar H, Suárez L, Arranz E, Méndez E. A beta-turn rich oats peptide as an antigen in an ELISA method for the screening of coeliac disease in a paediatric population. Eur J Clin Invest 2000; 30:702-8. [PMID: 10964162 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2362.2000.00684.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ELISA methods for the measurement of IgA antigliadin antibodies (AGA), both home-made and commercial systems, routinely employ wheat gliadin fractions as coating antigens. We investigate the sensitivity and specificity for CD diagnosis of a new ELISA method using a highly immunoreactive beta-turn rich gamma3-avenin peptide as an alternative coating antigen. METHODS The assay was standardized with antihuman IgA peroxidase-conjugated as the second antibody. Alternatively, an ELISA based on the use of protein A-peroxidase was assayed to measure both IgG plus IgA antibodies. Sixty-three sera from healthy controls were analyzed to establish the system's cut-off point. Sera from 103 coeliac and from 65 noncoeliac children were tested; for diagnosis purposes, a small intestinal biopsy had been performed in all of them. RESULTS For the IgA class antibodies assay a high sensitivity and specificity of 90.3% and 98.5%, respectively, was obtained, comparable to those achieved for IgA antiendomysium antibodies (EmA) with the same sera. CONCLUSIONS In view of the high sensitivity and specificity obtained together with water solubility of the peptide and easiness for large-scale reproducible synthesis, the new AGA IgA avenin peptide ELISA represents a significant improvement in CD diagnosis in comparison with conventional established AGA IgA ELISA using crude gliadins as coating antigens.
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Alfonso P, Soto C, Albar JP, Camafeita E, Escobar H, Suárez L, Rico M, Bruix M, Méndez E. Beta structure motif recognition by anti-gliadin antibodies in coeliac disease. FEBS Lett 1998; 427:36-40. [PMID: 9613595 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(98)00388-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A 20-amino acid synthetic peptide from the N-terminal region of gamma3 avenin yields a surprisingly strong reactivity with anti-gliadin antibodies (AGA) of coeliac sera, comparable to that of a gliadin extract. In contrast, a low reactivity is observed with five similar peptides derived from alpha-gliadin, gamma70 and omega1 secalins. Circular dichroism studies of these peptides show that the avenin peptide displays the highest beta-turn content (30%), while other peptides yield much lower values. In agreement with circular dichroism data, nuclear magnetic resonance data point to the presence of a beta-turn in the avenin peptide DPSEQ segment, a sequence with a high statistical beta-turn preference. A strong linear dependence between AGA reactivity and beta-turn content was observed for these peptides, indicating for the first time a role of beta-turn motifs in anti-gliadin antibodies recognition in coeliac disease. This suggests that circulating AGA in coeliac patients comprise not only linear but also conformational antibodies against beta-turn motifs. Polyclonal antibodies raised against the avenin peptide containing beta-turn motifs react by immunoblotting with all gliadin, hordein and secalin proteins, which are rich in beta-turn conformations, despite that their primary structures are unrelated to that of the peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Alfonso
- Structural Analysis of Proteins Unit, Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia, CSIC, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
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Méndez E, Rocher A, Calero M, Girbés T, Citores L, Soriano F. Primary structure of omega-hordothionin, a member of a novel family of thionins from barley endosperm, and its inhibition of protein synthesis in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell-free systems. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1996; 239:67-73. [PMID: 8706720 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1996.0067u.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A new sulfur-rich basic polypeptide, so called omega-hordothionin, has been isolated from barley endosperm by extractions with NaCl and ammonium bicarbonate followed by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography. Purified omega-hordothionin was found to be homogeneous by SDS/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, N-terminal amino-acid sequencing and electrospray-ionization mass spectrometric analysis. The complete primary structure of omega-hordothionin was determined by automatic degradation of the intact molecule and peptides obtained by proteolytic cleavage. Omega-hordothionin consists of a single polypeptide chain of 48 amino acids with a molecular mass of 5508 Da deduced from its amino acid sequence, which fully coincides with the 5508.2 Da determined by electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry. The isolated polypeptide showed a characteristic composition with a high content of basic amino acids (five arginine residues, two lysine residues and six histidine residues) and eight cysteine residues, and has strong sequence identity (66%) with the sorghum SI alpha 1 alpha-amylase inhibitor. Omega-hordothionin, like gamma-hordothionin, exhibited translation inhibitory activity on both eukaryotic cell-free systems from mammalian (rat liver and rabbit reticulocyte lysates) and prokaryotic cell-free systems (Escherichia coli). However, in contrast to gamma-hordothionin, omega-hordothionin did not inhibit plant systems such as Triticum aestivum, Cucumis sativus, Vicia sativa and Hordeum vulgare. Gamma-hordothionin also inhibited the alpha-amylase activity from human saliva, while omega-hordothionin and the other different genetic variants of thionins, alpha-hordothionin and beta-hordothionin, failed to show any inhibitory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Méndez
- Unidad de Análisis Estructural de Proteínas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Madrid, Spain
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Rocher A, Calero M, Soriano F, Méndez E. Identification of major rye secalins as coeliac immunoreactive proteins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1996; 1295:13-22. [PMID: 8679669 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4838(95)00269-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Six distinct gamma- and omega-type secalins, together with two new low molecular mass glycoproteins, have been identified as the major coeliac immunoreactive proteins from a chloroform/methanol soluble extract from rye endosperm. These components were characterized by a combination of reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, immunoblotting using a coeliac serum and microsequencing analysis. This allowed the identification of a group of secalins with different molecular masses according to their N-terminal amino-acid sequence: one omega-type secalin of 40 kDa (omega 1-40); three gamma-type secalins, one of 70 kDa (gamma-70) and two of 35 kDa (gamma-35); as well as two low molecular mass glycoproteins of 15 and 18 kDa, all exhibiting coeliac serum antigenicity. Moreover, four additional rye components, including two low molecular mass proteins, which did not react with coeliac sera, have also been identified. Analysis by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) of the three main purified coeliac immunogenic secalins, gamma-70, gamma-35 and omega 1-40, indicated molecular masses of 71457, 32240 and 39117 Da, respectively. The omega 1-40 secalin displays a significant absorption in the visible region which could be related to its peculiar low capacity to bind both coeliac sera antibodies and Coomassie brilliant blue dye.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rocher
- Unidad de Análisis Estructural de Proteínas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Campus Universidad Autónoma, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
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Rocher A, Soriano F, Molina E, González-Limas G, Méndez E. Characterization of distinct alpha- and gamma-type gliadins and low molecular weight components from wheat endosperm as coeliac immunoreactive proteins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1995; 1247:143-8. [PMID: 7873584 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4838(94)00206-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Distinct alpha- and gamma-type gliadins, as well as a few low molecular weight components have been identified as coeliac immunoreactive proteins from a chloroform/methanol extract from wheat endosperm. Characterization of these components involved the combination of reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, immunoblotting following SDS-PAGE using a coeliac serum and microsequencing analysis. This has allowed the identification of a group of gliadins with different molecular weights, according to their N-terminal amino-acid sequence: five alpha-type gliadins of 31, 35, 38 and two of 45 kDa, one gamma 2-type gliadin of 40 kDa, two gamma 3-type gliadins of 31, and 50 kDa, and two gamma-type gliadins with an atypical gliadin N-terminal of 31, and 40 kDa, as well as a few unidentified low molecular weight components and three N-terminal blocked proteins, all exhibiting similar antigenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rocher
- Servicio de Endocrinología, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
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