1
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Rehan S, Tranter D, Sharp PP, Craven GB, Lowe E, Anderl JL, Muchamuel T, Abrishami V, Kuivanen S, Wenzell NA, Jennings A, Kalyanaraman C, Strandin T, Javanainen M, Vapalahti O, Jacobson MP, McMinn D, Kirk CJ, Huiskonen JT, Taunton J, Paavilainen VO. Signal peptide mimicry primes Sec61 for client-selective inhibition. Nat Chem Biol 2023; 19:1054-1062. [PMID: 37169961 PMCID: PMC10449633 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-023-01326-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Preventing the biogenesis of disease-relevant proteins is an attractive therapeutic strategy, but attempts to target essential protein biogenesis factors have been hampered by excessive toxicity. Here we describe KZR-8445, a cyclic depsipeptide that targets the Sec61 translocon and selectively disrupts secretory and membrane protein biogenesis in a signal peptide-dependent manner. KZR-8445 potently inhibits the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines in primary immune cells and is highly efficacious in a mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis. A cryogenic electron microscopy structure reveals that KZR-8445 occupies the fully opened Se61 lateral gate and blocks access to the lumenal plug domain. KZR-8445 binding stabilizes the lateral gate helices in a manner that traps select signal peptides in the Sec61 channel and prevents their movement into the lipid bilayer. Our results establish a framework for the structure-guided discovery of novel therapeutics that selectively modulate Sec61-mediated protein biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Rehan
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dale Tranter
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Phillip P Sharp
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gregory B Craven
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eric Lowe
- Kezar Life Sciences, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Vahid Abrishami
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Suvi Kuivanen
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicole A Wenzell
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Chakrapani Kalyanaraman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tomas Strandin
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matti Javanainen
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Vapalahti
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matthew P Jacobson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Juha T Huiskonen
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jack Taunton
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Ville O Paavilainen
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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2
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Itskanov S, Wang L, Junne T, Sherriff R, Xiao L, Blanchard N, Shi WQ, Forsyth C, Hoepfner D, Spiess M, Park E. A common mechanism of Sec61 translocon inhibition by small molecules. Nat Chem Biol 2023; 19:1063-1071. [PMID: 37169959 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-023-01337-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The Sec61 complex forms a protein-conducting channel in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane that is required for secretion of soluble proteins and production of many membrane proteins. Several natural and synthetic small molecules specifically inhibit Sec61, generating cellular effects that are useful for therapeutic purposes, but their inhibitory mechanisms remain unclear. Here we present near-atomic-resolution structures of human Sec61 inhibited by a comprehensive panel of structurally distinct small molecules-cotransin, decatransin, apratoxin, ipomoeassin, mycolactone, cyclotriazadisulfonamide and eeyarestatin. All inhibitors bind to a common lipid-exposed pocket formed by the partially open lateral gate and plug domain of Sec61. Mutations conferring resistance to the inhibitors are clustered at this binding pocket. The structures indicate that Sec61 inhibitors stabilize the plug domain in a closed state, thereby preventing the protein-translocation pore from opening. Our study provides the atomic details of Sec61-inhibitor interactions and the structural framework for further pharmacological studies and drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Itskanov
- Biophysics Graduate Program, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Laurie Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Tina Junne
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rumi Sherriff
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Li Xiao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Nicolas Blanchard
- Université de Haute-Alsace, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, LIMA, UMR 7042, Mulhouse, France
| | - Wei Q Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, USA
| | - Craig Forsyth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Dominic Hoepfner
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Forum 1 Novartis Campus, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Eunyong Park
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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3
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Pauwels E, Shewakramani NR, De Wijngaert B, Camps A, Provinciael B, Stroobants J, Kalies KU, Hartmann E, Maes P, Vermeire K, Das K. Structural insights into TRAP association with ribosome-Sec61 complex and translocon inhibition by a CADA derivative. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf0797. [PMID: 36867692 PMCID: PMC9984176 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf0797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
During cotranslational translocation, the signal peptide of a nascent chain binds Sec61 translocon to initiate protein transport through the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. Our cryo-electron microscopy structure of ribosome-Sec61 shows binding of an ordered heterotetrameric translocon-associated protein (TRAP) complex, in which TRAP-γ is anchored at two adjacent positions of 28S ribosomal RNA and interacts with ribosomal protein L38 and Sec61α/γ. Four transmembrane helices (TMHs) of TRAP-γ cluster with one C-terminal helix of each α, β, and δ subunits. The seven TMH bundle helps position a crescent-shaped trimeric TRAP-α/β/δ core in the ER lumen, facing the Sec61 channel. Further, our in vitro assay establishes the cyclotriazadisulfonamide derivative CK147 as a translocon inhibitor. A structure of ribosome-Sec61-CK147 reveals CK147 binding the channel and interacting with the plug helix from the lumenal side. The CK147 resistance mutations surround the inhibitor. These structures help in understanding the TRAP functions and provide a new Sec61 site for designing translocon inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Pauwels
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Neesha R. Shewakramani
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Brent De Wijngaert
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Anita Camps
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Becky Provinciael
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Joren Stroobants
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Kai-Uwe Kalies
- Centre for Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, Institute of Biology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck 23562, Germany
| | - Enno Hartmann
- Centre for Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, Institute of Biology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck 23562, Germany
| | - Piet Maes
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
- Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Kurt Vermeire
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Kalyan Das
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
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Munusamy M, Ching KC, Yang LK, Crasta S, Gakuubi MM, Chee ZY, Wibowo M, Leong CY, Kanagasundaram Y, Ng SB. Chemical elicitation as an avenue for discovery of bioactive compounds from fungal endophytes. Front Chem 2022; 10:1024854. [PMID: 36505735 PMCID: PMC9727085 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1024854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the molecular phylogeny, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of fungal endophytes obtained from the A*STAR Natural Organism Library (NOL) and previously isolated from Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve, Singapore. Phylogenetic analysis based on ITS2 gene suggests that these isolates belong to 46 morphotypes and are affiliated to 23 different taxa in 17 genera of the Ascomycota phylum. Colletotrichum was the most dominant fungal genus accounting for 37% of all the isolates, followed by Diaporthe (13%), Phyllosticta (10.9%) and Diplodia (8.7%). Chemical elicitation using 5-azacytidine, a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, a histone deacetylase inhibitor resulted in an increase in the number of active strains. Bioassay-guided isolation and structural elucidation yielded pestahivin and two new analogues from Bartalinia sp. F9447. Pestahivin and its related analogues did not exhibit antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus but displayed strong antifungal activities against Candida albicans and Aspergillus brasiliensis, with IC50 values ranging from 0.46 ± 0.06 to 144 ± 18 µM. Pestahivin and its two analogues furthermore exhibited cytotoxic activity against A549 and MIA PACA-2 cancer cell lines with IC50 values in the range of 0.65 ± 0.12 to 42 ± 5.2 µM. The finding from this study reinforces that chemical epigenetic induction is a promising approach for the discovery of bioactive fungal secondary metabolites encoded by cryptic gene clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhaiyan Munusamy
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kuan Chieh Ching
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lay Kien Yang
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sharon Crasta
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Martin Muthee Gakuubi
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhao Yan Chee
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mario Wibowo
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chung Yan Leong
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yoganathan Kanagasundaram
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siew Bee Ng
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore,*Correspondence: Siew Bee Ng,
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5
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Inhibitors of the Sec61 Complex and Novel High Throughput Screening Strategies to Target the Protein Translocation Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222112007. [PMID: 34769437 PMCID: PMC8585047 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222112007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins targeted to the secretory pathway start their intracellular journey by being transported across biological membranes such as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). A central component in this protein translocation process across the ER is the Sec61 translocon complex, which is only intracellularly expressed and does not have any enzymatic activity. In addition, Sec61 translocon complexes are difficult to purify and to reconstitute. Screening for small molecule inhibitors impairing its function has thus been notoriously difficult. However, such translocation inhibitors may not only be valuable tools for cell biology, but may also represent novel anticancer drugs, given that cancer cells heavily depend on efficient protein translocation into the ER to support their fast growth. In this review, different inhibitors of protein translocation will be discussed, and their specific mode of action will be compared. In addition, recently published screening strategies for small molecule inhibitors targeting the whole SRP-Sec61 targeting/translocation pathway will be summarized. Of note, slightly modified assays may be used in the future to screen for substances affecting SecYEG, the bacterial ortholog of the Sec61 complex, in order to identify novel antibiotic drugs.
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6
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Targeting of HER/ErbB family proteins using broad spectrum Sec61 inhibitors coibamide A and apratoxin A. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 183:114317. [PMID: 33152346 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Coibamide A is a potent cancer cell toxin and one of a select group of natural products that inhibit protein entry into the secretory pathway via a direct inhibition of the Sec61 protein translocon. Many Sec61 client proteins are clinically relevant drug targets once trafficked to their final destination in or outside the cell, however the use of Sec61 inhibitors to block early biosynthesis of specific proteins is at a pre-clinical stage. In the present study we evaluated the action of coibamide A against human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER, ErbB) proteins in representative breast and lung cancer cell types. HERs were selected for this study as they represent a family of Sec61 clients that is frequently dysregulated in human cancers, including coibamide-sensitive cell types. Although coibamide A inhibits biogenesis of a broad range of Sec61 substrate proteins in a presumed substrate-nonselective manner, endogenous HER3 (ErbB-3) and EGFR (ErbB-1) proteins were more sensitive to coibamide A, and the related Sec61 inhibitor apratoxin A, than HER2 (ErbB-2). Despite this rank order of sensitivity (HER3 > EGFR > HER2), Sec61-dependent inhibition by coibamide A was sufficient to decrease cell surface expression of HER2. We report that coibamide A- or apratoxin A-mediated block of HER3 entry into the secretory pathway is unlikely to be mediated by the HER3 signal peptide alone. HER3 (G11L/S15L), that is fully resistant to the highly substrate-selective cotransin analogue CT8, was more resistant than wild-type HER3 but only at low coibamide A (3 nM) concentrations; HER3 (G11L/S15L) expression was inhibited by higher concentrations of either natural product. Time- and concentration-dependent decreases in HER protein expression induced a commensurate reduction in AKT/MAPK signaling in breast and lung cancer cell types and loss in cell viability. Coibamide A potentiated the cytotoxic efficacy of small molecule kinase inhibitors lapatinib and erlotinib in breast and lung cancer cell types, respectively. These data indicate that natural product modulators of Sec61 function have value as chemical probes to interrogate HER/ErbB signaling in treatment-resistant human cancers.
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7
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Klein W, Rutz C, Eckhard J, Provinciael B, Specker E, Neuenschwander M, Kleinau G, Scheerer P, von Kries JP, Nazaré M, Vermeire K, Schülein R. Use of a sequential high throughput screening assay to identify novel inhibitors of the eukaryotic SRP-Sec61 targeting/translocation pathway. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208641. [PMID: 30543669 PMCID: PMC6292634 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The SRP-Sec61 targeting/translocation pathway of eukaryotic cells targets nascent protein chains to the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum. Using this machinery, secretory proteins are translocated across this membrane whereas membrane proteins are integrated into the lipid bilayer. One of the key players of the pathway is the protein-conducting Sec61 (translocon) complex of the endoplasmic reticulum. The Sec61 complex has no enzymatic activity, is expressed only intracellularly and is difficult to purify and to reconstitute. Screening for small molecule inhibitors impairing its functions is thus notoriously difficult. Such inhibitors may not only be valuable tools for cell biology, they may also represent novel anti-tumor drugs. Here we have developed a two-step, sequential screening assay for inhibitors of the whole SRP-Sec61 targeting/translocation pathway which might include molecules affecting Sec61 complex functions. The resulting hit compounds were analyzed using a whole cell biosynthesis assay and a cell free transcription/translation/translocation assay. Using this methodology, we identified novel compounds inhibiting this pathway. Following structure-based back screening, one of these substances was analyzed in more detail and we could show that it indeed impairs translocation at the level of the Sec61 complex. A slightly modified methodology may be used in the future to screen for substances affecting SecYEG, the bacterial ortholog of the Sec61 complex in order to derive novel antibiotic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Klein
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Rutz
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Jamina Eckhard
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Becky Provinciael
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Edgar Specker
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Gunnar Kleinau
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité Centrum Grundlagenmedizin CC2, Institut für Medizinische Physik und Biophysik, Group Protein X-ray Crystallography & Signal Transduction, Berlin, Germany
| | - Patrick Scheerer
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité Centrum Grundlagenmedizin CC2, Institut für Medizinische Physik und Biophysik, Group Protein X-ray Crystallography & Signal Transduction, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Marc Nazaré
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Kurt Vermeire
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ralf Schülein
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
This paper reviews naturally occurring cell adhesion inhibitors derived from a plant, microbial and marine origin. Plant-derived inhibitors are classified according to a type of structure. Microbially and marine-derived inhibitors were described according to age. In addition, effects of inhibitors on cell proliferation and that of standards on cell adhesion are listed as much as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Takamatsu
- Division of Natural Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan.
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9
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Wan X, Serrill JD, Humphreys IR, Tan M, McPhail KL, Ganley IG, Ishmael JE. ATG5 Promotes Death Signaling in Response to the Cyclic Depsipeptides Coibamide A and Apratoxin A. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:E77. [PMID: 29494533 PMCID: PMC5867621 DOI: 10.3390/md16030077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of autophagy and lysosomal function has been greatly enhanced by the discovery of natural product structures that can serve as chemical probes to reveal new patterns of signal transduction in cells. Coibamide A is a cytotoxic marine natural product that induces mTOR-independent autophagy as an adaptive stress response that precedes cell death. Autophagy-related (ATG) protein 5 (ATG5) is required for coibamide-induced autophagy but not required for coibamide-induced apoptosis. Using wild-type and autophagy-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) we demonstrate that coibamide-induced toxicity is delayed in ATG5-/- cells relative to ATG5+/+ cells. Time-dependent changes in annexin V staining, membrane integrity, metabolic capacity and caspase activation indicated that MEFs with a functional autophagy pathway are more sensitive to coibamide A. This pattern could be distinguished from autophagy modulators that induce acute ER stress (thapsigargin, tunicamycin), ATP depletion (oligomycin A) or mTORC1 inhibition (rapamycin), but was shared with the Sec61 inhibitor apratoxin A. Coibamide- or apratoxin-induced cell stress was further distinguished from the action of thapsigargin by a pattern of early LC3-II accumulation in the absence of CHOP or BiP expression. Time-dependent changes in ATG5-ATG12, PARP1 and caspase-3 expression patterns were consistent with the conversion of ATG5 to a pro-death signal in response to both compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Wan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Jeffrey D Serrill
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Ian R Humphreys
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Michelle Tan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Kerry L McPhail
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Ian G Ganley
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK.
| | - Jane E Ishmael
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
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10
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Wang X, Gong X, Li P, Lai D, Zhou L. Structural Diversity and Biological Activities of Cyclic Depsipeptides from Fungi. Molecules 2018; 23:E169. [PMID: 29342967 PMCID: PMC6017592 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic depsipeptides (CDPs) are cyclopeptides in which amide groups are replaced by corresponding lactone bonds due to the presence of a hydroxylated carboxylic acid in the peptide structure. These peptides sometimes display additional chemical modifications, including unusual amino acid residues in their structures. This review highlights the occurrence, structures and biological activities of the fungal CDPs reported until October 2017. About 352 fungal CDPs belonging to the groups of cyclic tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexa-, hepta-, octa-, nona-, deca-, and tridecadepsipeptides have been isolated from fungi. These metabolites are mainly reported from the genera Acremonium, Alternaria, Aspergillus, Beauveria, Fusarium, Isaria, Metarhizium, Penicillium, and Rosellina. They are known to exhibit various biological activities such as cytotoxic, phytotoxic, antimicrobial, antiviral, anthelmintic, insecticidal, antimalarial, antitumoral and enzyme-inhibitory activities. Some CDPs (i.e., PF1022A, enniatins and destruxins) have been applied as pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xiao Gong
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Daowan Lai
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Ligang Zhou
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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11
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Serrill JD, Wan X, Hau AM, Jang HS, Coleman DJ, Indra AK, Alani AWG, McPhail KL, Ishmael JE. Coibamide A, a natural lariat depsipeptide, inhibits VEGFA/VEGFR2 expression and suppresses tumor growth in glioblastoma xenografts. Invest New Drugs 2015; 34:24-40. [PMID: 26563191 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-015-0303-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Coibamide A is a cytotoxic lariat depsipeptide isolated from a rare cyanobacterium found within the marine reserve of Coiba National Park, Panama. Earlier testing of coibamide A in the National Cancer Institute in vitro 60 human tumor cell line panel (NCI-60) revealed potent anti-proliferative activity and a unique selectivity profile, potentially reflecting a new target or mechanism of action. In the present study we evaluated the antitumor activity of coibamide A in several functional cell-based assays and in vivo. U87-MG and SF-295 glioblastoma cells showed reduced migratory and invasive capacity and underwent G1 cell cycle arrest as, likely indirect, consequences of treatment. Coibamide A inhibited extracellular VEGFA secreted from U87-MG glioblastoma and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells with low nM potency, attenuated proliferation and migration of normal human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and selectively decreased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2). We report that coibamide A retains potent antitumor properties in a nude mouse xenograft model of glioblastoma; established subcutaneous U87-MG tumors failed to grow for up to 28 days in response to 0.3 mg/Kg doses of coibamide A. However, the natural product was also associated with varied patterns of weight loss and thus targeted delivery and/or medicinal chemistry approaches will almost certainly be required to improve the toxicity profile of this unusual macrocycle. Finally, similarities between coibamide A- and apratoxin A-induced changes in cell morphology, decreases in VEGFR2 expression and macroautophagy signaling in HUVECs raise the possibility that both cyanobacterial natural products share a common mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D Serrill
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Xuemei Wan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Andrew M Hau
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Hyo Sang Jang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Daniel J Coleman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Arup K Indra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Adam W G Alani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Kerry L McPhail
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Jane E Ishmael
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
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12
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Kalies KU, Römisch K. Inhibitors of Protein Translocation Across the ER Membrane. Traffic 2015; 16:1027-38. [PMID: 26122014 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Protein translocation into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) constitutes the first step of protein secretion. ER protein import is essential in all eukaryotic cells and is particularly critical in fast-growing tumour cells. Thus, the process can serve as target both for potential cancer drugs and for bacterial virulence factors. Inhibitors of protein transport across the ER membrane range from broad-spectrum to highly substrate-specific and can interfere with virtually any stage of this multistep process, and even with transport of endocytosed antigens into the cytosol for cross-presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Uwe Kalies
- Institute of Biology, CSCM, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Karin Römisch
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology VIII, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
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13
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Ermert P, Moehle K, Obrecht D. Macrocyclic Inhibitors of GPCR's, Integrins and Protein–Protein Interactions. MACROCYCLES IN DRUG DISCOVERY 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/9781782623113-00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
This chapter summarizes some highlights of macrocyclic drug discovery in the area of GPCRs, integrins, and protein–protein interactions spanning roughly the last 30 years. Several examples demonstrate that incorporation of pharmacophores derived from natural peptide ligands into the context of a constrained macrocycle (“lock of the bioactive conformation”) has proven a powerful approach for the discovery of potent and selective macrocyclic drugs. In addition, it will be shown that macrocycles, due to their semi-rigid nature, can exhibit unique properties that can be beneficially exploited by medicinal chemists. Macrocycles can adapt their conformation during binding to a flexible protein target surface (“induced fit”), and due to their size, can interact with larger protein interfaces (“hot spots”). Also, macrocycles can display favorable ADME properties well beyond the rule of 5 in particular exhibiting favorable cell penetrating properties and oral bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Ermert
- Polyphor Ltd Hegenheimermattweg 125 CH-4123 Allschwil Switzerland
| | - Kerstin Moehle
- University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH-8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Daniel Obrecht
- Polyphor Ltd Hegenheimermattweg 125 CH-4123 Allschwil Switzerland
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14
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Yang XL, Zhang JZ, Luo DQ. The taxonomy, biology and chemistry of the fungal Pestalotiopsis genus. Nat Prod Rep 2012; 29:622-41. [DOI: 10.1039/c2np00073c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Xu J, Ebada SS, Proksch P. Pestalotiopsis a highly creative genus: chemistry and bioactivity of secondary metabolites. FUNGAL DIVERS 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-010-0055-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Coin I, Beerbaum M, Schmieder P, Bienert M, Beyermann M. Solid-phase synthesis of a cyclodepsipeptide: cotransin. Org Lett 2008; 10:3857-60. [PMID: 18651745 DOI: 10.1021/ol800855p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The first solid-phase synthesis of cotransin--a cyclic depsipeptide having high pharmacological potential--was achieved, by a proper choice of coupling reagents and use of either TBAF or DBU for Fmoc removal to suppress the otherwise dominating, sequence-derived diketopiperazine formation. Starting the assembly from C-terminal lactic acid allowed fast and epimerization-free cyclization in solution. Novel conditions for orthogonal use of the Fmoc/Bsmoc-protection system were discovered, and an unexpected nucleophilic behavior of DBU was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Coin
- Leibniz-Institute of Molecular Pharmacology (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Str.10, D-12135 Berlin, Germany.
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17
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Besemer J, Harant H, Wang S, Oberhauser B, Marquardt K, Foster CA, Schreiner EP, de Vries JE, Dascher-Nadel C, Lindley IJD. Selective inhibition of cotranslational translocation of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1. Nature 2005; 436:290-3. [PMID: 16015337 DOI: 10.1038/nature03670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2005] [Accepted: 04/18/2005] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Increased expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1) is associated with a variety of chronic inflammatory conditions, making its expression and function a target for therapeutic intervention. We have recently identified CAM741, a derivative of a fungus-derived cyclopeptolide that acts as a selective inhibitor of VCAM1 synthesis in endothelial cells. Here we show that the compound represses the biosynthesis of VCAM1 in cells by blocking the process of cotranslational translocation, which is dependent on the signal peptide of VCAM1. CAM741 does not inhibit targeting of the VCAM1 nascent chains to the translocon channel but prevents translocation to the luminal side of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), through a process that involves the translocon component Sec61beta. Consequently, the VCAM1 precursor protein is synthesized towards the cytosolic compartment of the cells, where it is degraded. Our results indicate that the inhibition of cotranslational translocation with low-molecular-mass compounds, using specificity conferred by signal peptides, can modulate the biosynthesis of certain secreted and/or membrane proteins. In addition, they highlight cotranslational translocation at the ER membrane as a potential target for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Besemer
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Brunner Strasse 59, A-1235 Vienna, Austria
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18
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Schreiner EP, Oberhauser B, Foster CA. Inhibitors of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2005. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.13.2.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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19
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Abstract
Natural products and their derivatives have historically been invaluable as a source of therapeutic agents. However, in the past decade, research into natural products in the pharmaceutical industry has declined, owing to issues such as the lack of compatibility of traditional natural-product extract libraries with high-throughput screening. However, as discussed in this review, recent technological advances that help to address these issues, coupled with unrealized expectations from current lead-generation strategies, have led to a renewed interest in natural products in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank E Koehn
- Wyeth Research, 401 North Middletown Road, Pearl River, New York 10965, USA.
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20
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Schreiner EP, Kern M, Steck A, Foster CA. Synthesis of ether analogues derived from HUN-7293 and evaluation as inhibitors of VCAM-1 expression. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:5003-6. [PMID: 15341969 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2004] [Revised: 07/02/2004] [Accepted: 07/06/2004] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The cyclic depsipeptide HUN-7293 (1) and its D-lactate analogue 2 are highly potent inhibitors of inducible cell adhesion molecule expression. We report the synthesis of ether analogues varying in stereochemistry and side chain at the former hydroxyl acid position by employing a 'cut and paste chemistry' methodology starting from 1. As an additional fruit of this synthetic effort, a cyclodepsipeptide featuring a tertiary amine instead of a tertiary amide between PrLEU and MALA was obtained. Results on the inhibitory profile of these compounds in assays of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 protein expression are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwin P Schreiner
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research GDC, Brunner Strasse 59, A-1235 Vienna, Austria.
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21
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Ohno O, Ikeda Y, Sawa R, Igarashi M, Kinoshita N, Suzuki Y, Miyake K, Umezawa K. Isolation of Heptadepsin, a Novel Bacterial Cyclic Depsipeptide that Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide Activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 11:1059-70. [PMID: 15324807 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2004.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2003] [Revised: 05/01/2004] [Accepted: 05/13/2004] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is considered to cause various inflammatory reactions. We searched among microbial secondary metabolites for compounds that could inhibit LPS-stimulated adhesion between human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and human myelocytic cell line HL-60 cells. In the course of our screening, we isolated a novel cyclic depsipeptide, which we named heptadepsin, from the whole culture broth of Paenibacillus sp. The addition of heptadepsin prior to LPS stimulation decreased HL-60 cell-HUVEC adhesion without showing any cytotoxicity. It also inhibited the cellular adhesion induced by lipid A, the active component of LPS, but it did not inhibit TNF-alpha or IL-1beta-induced cell adhesion. The result of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis revealed that heptadepsin interacted with lipid A directly. Thus, heptadepsin, a novel naturally occurring cyclic heptadepsipeptide, was shown to inactivate LPS by direct interaction with LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Ohno
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-0061, Japan
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22
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Schreiner EP, Kern M, Steck A. A convenient protocol for selective cleavage of 2-hydroxy acid amides. Application to semisynthesis of the cyclic heptapeptide aza HUN-7293. J Org Chem 2002; 67:8299-304. [PMID: 12444606 DOI: 10.1021/jo025979g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A two-step protocol for the first chemoselective cleavage of 2-hydroxy acid amides has been developed. Mesylation of the model substrate 2-(hydroxypropionylamino)-4-methylpentanoic acid methyl ester (11) followed by treatment with N-ethylthiourea (13) allows cleavage of 2-hydroxy acid amides under smooth conditions. Successful application of this methodology to the open-chain transesterification product 15 (methylester) of the cyclic heptadepsipeptide HUN-7293, a potent inhibitor of inducible cell adhesion molecule expression, delivered the corresponding hexapeptide 18 with unprotected N-terminus in 70-75% yield. This result demonstrates that the protocol developed even works in the presence of an ester and several methylated and unmethylated amide bonds. Finally, a sequence of ligation of methyl D-dehydroglutaminate (20) to the C-terminus of the saponification product 21, followed by the degradation protocol and ring closure, allowed chemical "point mutation" at the DGCN site affording the aza analogue of HUN-7293 (24) in 15% overall yield. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report on chemoselective cleavage of 2-hydroxy acid amides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwin P Schreiner
- Novartis Forschungsinstitut, Brunner Strasse 59, A-1235 Vienna, Austria.
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23
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Meng CQ, Somers PK, Rachita CL, Holt LA, Hoong LK, Zheng XS, Simpson JE, Hill RR, Olliff LK, Kunsch C, Sundell CL, Parthasarathy S, Saxena U, Sikorski JA, Wasserman MA. Novel phenolic antioxidants as multifunctional inhibitors of inducible VCAM-1 expression for use in atherosclerosis. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:2545-8. [PMID: 12182856 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00516-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel phenolic compounds has been discovered as potent inhibitors of TNF-alpha-inducible expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) with concurrent antioxidant and lipid-modulating properties. Optimization of these multifunctional agents led to the identification of 3a (AGI-1067) as a clinical candidate with demonstrated efficacies in animal models of atherosclerosis and hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Q Meng
- AtheroGenics, Inc., 8995 Westside Parkway, GA 30004, Alpharetta, USA.
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24
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Chen Y, Bilban M, Foster CA, Boger DL. Solution-phase parallel synthesis of a pharmacophore library of HUN-7293 analogues: a general chemical mutagenesis approach to defining structure-function properties of naturally occurring cyclic (depsi)peptides. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:5431-40. [PMID: 11996584 DOI: 10.1021/ja020166v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
HUN-7293 (1), a naturally occurring cyclic heptadepsipeptide, is a potent inhibitor of cell adhesion molecule expression (VCAM-1, ICAM-1, E-selectin), the overexpression of which is characteristic of chronic inflammatory diseases. Representative of a general approach to defining structure-function relationships of such cyclic (depsi)peptides, the parallel synthesis and evaluation of a complete library of key HUN-7293 analogues are detailed enlisting solution-phase techniques and simple acid-base liquid-liquid extractions for isolation and purification of intermediates and final products. Significant to the design of the studies and unique to solution-phase techniques, the library was assembled superimposing a divergent synthetic strategy onto a convergent total synthesis. An alanine scan and N-methyl deletion of each residue of the cyclic heptadepsipeptide identified key sites responsible for or contributing to the biological properties. The simultaneous preparation of a complete set of individual residue analogues further simplifying the structure allowed an assessment of each structural feature of 1, providing a detailed account of the structure-function relationships in a single study. Within this pharmacophore library prepared by systematic chemical mutagenesis of the natural product structure, simplified analogues possessing comparable potency and, in some instances, improved selectivity were identified. One potent member of this library proved to be an additional natural product in its own right, which we have come to refer to as HUN-7293B (8), being isolated from the microbial strain F/94-499709.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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25
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Somei M. Recent advances in the chemistry of 1-hydroxyindoles, 1-hydroxytryptophans, and 1-hydroxytryptamines. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2725(02)82027-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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26
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Meng CQ, Zheng XS, Holt LA, Hoong LK, Somers PK, Hill RR, Saxena U. Nitrobenzene compounds inhibit expression of VCAM-1. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:1823-7. [PMID: 11459640 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00306-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A series of nitrobenzene compounds has been discovered as potent inhibitors of VCAM-1 expression and, therefore, potential drug candidates for autoimmune and allergic inflammatory diseases. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies showed that a nitro group and two other electron-withdrawing groups are essential for these compounds to be potent inhibitors of VCAM-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Q Meng
- AtheroGenics, Inc., 8995 Westdise Parkway, 30004, Alpharetta, GA, USA.
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27
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Abstract
The aza analogue of the cyclic heptadepsipeptide HUN-7293 (1), which is a potent naturally occurring inhibitor of inducible cell adhesion molecule expression, and its C2(3) (MLEU3 C2) epimer were prepared via solution-phase synthesis. Biological evaluations of these two compounds as inhibitors of cell adhesion molecules expression are detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Boger
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
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28
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Boger DL, Keim H, Oberhauser B, Schreiner EP, Foster CA. Total Synthesis of HUN-7293. J Am Chem Soc 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ja990918u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dale L. Boger
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, and Novartis Forschungsinstitut, Brunner Strasse 59, A-1235, Vienna, Austria
| | - Holger Keim
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, and Novartis Forschungsinstitut, Brunner Strasse 59, A-1235, Vienna, Austria
| | - Berndt Oberhauser
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, and Novartis Forschungsinstitut, Brunner Strasse 59, A-1235, Vienna, Austria
| | - Erwin P. Schreiner
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, and Novartis Forschungsinstitut, Brunner Strasse 59, A-1235, Vienna, Austria
| | - Carolyn A. Foster
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, and Novartis Forschungsinstitut, Brunner Strasse 59, A-1235, Vienna, Austria
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29
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Foster CA. VCAM-1/alpha 4-integrin adhesion pathway: therapeutic target for allergic inflammatory disorders. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1996; 98:S270-7. [PMID: 8977536 DOI: 10.1016/s0091-6749(96)70075-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Lymphocyte recirculation and leukocyte extravasation involve a multistep process that is central to immune surveillance and the rapid response of white blood cells to sites of injury or infection. Interaction of vascular adhesion molecules (VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and selectins) with ligands on the leukocyte surface (integrins, carbohydrates, and mucin-like molecules) regulate diapedesis. The nature of an inflammatory stimulus ultimately determines the pattern of endothelial adhesion molecule expression and the avidity state of their counterreceptors, thus dictating to a large extent whether a subclass of leukocytes will play a dominant role in the immune response. Immunoglobulin superfamily member VCAM-1 recognizes alpha 4 beta 1 integrin, expressed on all leukocytes except neutrophils. Blockade or inhibition of VCAM-1/alpha 4 beta 1 interaction is expected to have therapeutic potential in treating various inflammatory disorders and autoimmune diseases since this adhesion pathway has a major influence on eosinophil, lymphocyte, and monocyte trafficking. This review summarizes some of the strategies that are currently used to selectively inhibit the VCAM-1/alpha 4 integrin pathway, including soluble VCAM-Ig fusion protein, peptide antagonists, antisense oligonucleotides, natural products, and neutralizing antibodies to VCAM-1 or alpha 4 integrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Foster
- Department of General Dermatology, Sandoz Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
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