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Harper CM, Patel BA. Trabecular bone variation in the gorilla calcaneus. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2024:e24939. [PMID: 38631677 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Calcaneal external shape differs among nonhuman primates relative to locomotion. Such relationships between whole-bone calcaneal trabecular structure and locomotion, however, have yet to be studied. Here we analyze calcaneal trabecular architecture in Gorilla gorilla gorilla, Gorilla beringei beringei, and G. b. graueri to investigate general trends and fine-grained differences among gorilla taxa relative to locomotion. MATERIALS AND METHODS Calcanei were micro-CT scanned. A three-dimensional geometric morphometric sliding semilandmark analysis was carried out and the final landmark configurations used to position 156 volumes of interest. Trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), trabecular spacing (Tb.Sp), and bone volume fraction (BV/TV) were calculated using the BoneJ plugin for ImageJ and MATLAB. Non-parametric MANOVAs were run to test for significant differences among taxa in parameter raw values and z-scores. Parameter distributions were visualized using color maps and summarized using principal components analysis. RESULTS There are no significant differences in raw BV/TV or Tb.Th among gorillas, however G. b. beringei significantly differs in z-scores for both parameters (p = <0.0271). All three taxa exhibit relatively lower BV/TV and Tb.Th in the posterior half of the calcaneus. This gradation is exacerbated in G. b. beringei. G. b. graueri significantly differs from other taxa in Tb.Sp z-scores (p < 0.001) indicating a different spacing distribution. DISCUSSION Relatively higher Tb.Th and BV/TV in the anterior calcaneus among gorillas likely reflects higher forces associated with body mass (transmitted through the subtalar joint) relative to forces transferred through the posterior calcaneus. The different Tb.Sp pattern in G. b. graueri may reflect proposed differences in foot positioning during locomotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Harper
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, New Jersey, USA
| | - Biren A Patel
- Department of Integrative Anatomical Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Human and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Azari F, Colyn W, Bellemans J, Scheys L, van Lenthe GH. Correlation between tibial and femoral bone and cartilage changes in end-stage knee osteoarthritis. JBMR Plus 2024; 8:ziae014. [PMID: 38533245 PMCID: PMC10964977 DOI: 10.1093/jbmrpl/ziae014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Knee osteoarthritis is a whole joint disease highlighting the coupling of cartilage and bone adaptations. However, the structural properties of the subchondral bone plate (SBP) and underlying subchondral trabecular bone (STB) in the femoral compartment have received less attention compared to the tibial side. Furthermore, how the properties in the femoral compartment relate to those in the corresponding tibial site is unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to quantify the structural bone and cartilage morphology in the femoral compartment and investigate its association with those of the tibial plateau. Specifically, tibial plateaus and femoral condyles were retrieved from 28 patients with end-stage knee-osteoarthritis (OA) and varus deformity. The medial condyle of tibial plateaus and the distal part of the medial femoral condyles were micro-CT scanned (20.1 μm/voxel). Cartilage thickness (Cart.Th), SBP, and STB microarchitecture were quantified. Significant (P < <.001; 0.79 ≤ r ≤ 0.97) correlations with a relative difference within 10% were found between the medial side of the femoral and tibial compartments. The highest correlations were found for SBP porosity (r = 0.97, mean absolute difference of 0.50%, and mean relative difference of 9.41%) and Cart.Th (r = 0.96, mean absolute difference of 0.18 mm, and relative difference of 7.08%). The lowest correlation was found for trabecular thickness (r = 0.79, mean absolute difference of 21.07 μm, and mean relative difference of 5.17%) and trabecular number (r = 0.79, mean absolute difference of 0.18 mm-1, and relative difference of 5.02%). These findings suggest that the distal femur is affected by OA in a similar way as the proximal tibia. Given that bone adaptation is a response to local mechanical forces, our results suggest that varus deformity similarly affects the stress distribution of the medial tibial plateau and the medial distal femur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Azari
- Biomechanics Section, Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - William Colyn
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, AZ Turnhout, Turnhout, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Limburg Clinical Research Center, ZOL Genk, Genk, Belgium
| | - Johan Bellemans
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- GRIT Belgian Sports Clinic, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lennart Scheys
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - G H van Lenthe
- Biomechanics Section, Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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3
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Akhlaghi P, Khorshidparast S, Rouhi G. Investigation on primary stability of dental implants through considering peri-implant bone damage, caused by small and large deformations: A validated non-linear micro finite element study. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 146:106062. [PMID: 37549522 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Primary stability of a dental implant is defined as its ability to resist the applied load without showing excessive damage in peri-implant bone, which is a prerequisite for secondary stability, and consequently for implantation success. The main goal of this study was to develop a validated micro-finite element (μFE) approach to assess the primary stability of dental implants in terms of stiffness, stiffness reduction, and irreversible displacement of the bone-implant system, subjected to an increasing step-wise quasi-static compressive loading-unloading test. The μFE models were generated based on the μCT images of bone, taken from extracted bovine tibia trabecular bone samples after drilling and implantation. A tissue constitutive model was considered for trabecular bone by describing elasto-plasticity with a modified von Mises yield criterion and element deletion technique to account for trabecular bone damage behavior. Then, the obtained force-displacement curves from the simulation were compared with the in-vitro mechanical test curves to evaluate the validity of the model. The results showed that the proposed μFE model could be properly predict the bone-implant system mechanical response in terms of irreversible displacement (R2 = 0.99), stiffness (R2 = 0.77), and stiffness reduction (R2 = 0.72) of the bone-implant construct for all the applied displacements without a significant difference from the unit slope and zero intercept of the QQ-plot (p-value<0.05). Moreover, a qualitative agreement was seen between the peri-implant bone damage predicted by the μFE model and the observed from μCT images. The adopted methodology used in this study can predict the mechanical failure response of the bone-implant system, which can be employed as a representative tool to study the effects of various dental implant design parameters on the primary stability with the ultimate goal of optimizing dental implants design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedram Akhlaghi
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Gholamreza Rouhi
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
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4
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Kurz S, Gebhardt M, Grundmann F, Heyde CE, Steinke H. Approach to standardized material characterization of the human lumbopelvic system-Specification, preparation and storage. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289482. [PMID: 37535581 PMCID: PMC10399898 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The complexity of the osseo-ligamentous lumbopelvic system has made it difficult to perform both, the overall preparation as well as specimen harvesting and material testing with a reasonable amount of time and personnel. The logistics of such studies present a hurdle for reproducibility. A structured procedure was developed and proved, which allows all necessary steps to be carried out reproducibly and in a reasonable time. This enables the extraction of 26 soft tissue, 33 trabecular and 32 cortical bone specimens from this anatomical region per cadaver. The integrity of the specimens remains maintained while keeping requirements within manageable limits. The practicability of the intended five-day specimen harvesting and testing procedure could be demonstrated on five test and two pre-test sequences. The intended minimization of physical, biological, and chemical external influences on specimens could be achieved. All protocols, instructions and models of preparation and storage devices are included in the supporting information. The high grade of applicability and reproducibility will lead to better comparability between different biomechanical investigations. This procedure proven on the human pelvis is transferable to other anatomical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Kurz
- ZESBO - Center for Research on Musculoskeletal Systems, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Traumatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marc Gebhardt
- Institute of Experimental Mechanics, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Leipzig University of Applied Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Fanny Grundmann
- Clinic of Trauma, Orthopedic and Septic Surgery, Hospital St. Georg gGmbH, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christoph-Eckhard Heyde
- ZESBO - Center for Research on Musculoskeletal Systems, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Traumatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hanno Steinke
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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5
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Fischer B, Reise R, Schleifenbaum S, Roth A. Mechanical parameter assessment of fresh human cancellous bone of the femoral head in atraumatic femoral head necrosis and primary coxarthrosis. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2023; 108:106057. [PMID: 37549470 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2023.106057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atraumatic femoral head necrosis is a rare pathological change of the femoral head. It is characterized by local necrosis of the cancellous bone as a result of reduced blood supply to the bone. Even today it remains unclear how to assess the hardness of the necrosis, whether it is soft tissue that is easily removed, or hard tissue that is difficult to resect. METHODS Femoral heads with primary coxarthrosis were selected as a comparison group. For this purpose, 49 femoral heads obtained during total hip arthroplasty surgery with either condition (23 femoral head necrosis, 26 coxarthrosis) were transferred to the testing laboratory in fresh condition. Cylindrical specimens were obtained using a tenon cutter along the main trabecular load direction in the subchondral region of the femoral head. Additionally, thin bone slices were extracted proximal and distal to the specimens for density measurements. Brass plates were glued to the circular surfaces of the specimens. After curing of the adhesive, the specimens were mounted in the testing machine and destructive uniaxial compression tests were conducted. FINDINGS The recorded mean compressive strengths and elastic moduli were almost identical for both groups, but the necrosis group showed significantly higher data scattering and range regarding the elastic modulus. The mean density of the coxarthrosis specimens was significantly higher than that of the necrotic specimens. INTERPRETATION The mechanical properties of cancellous bone vary considerably in the presence of femoral head necrosis. The existence of hard necrosis implies a potential challenge regarding the clinical resection of these tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Fischer
- ZESBO - Centre for Research on Musculoskeletal Systems, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Rebekka Reise
- ZESBO - Centre for Research on Musculoskeletal Systems, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Orthopaedic, Trauma and Plastic Surgery, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Schleifenbaum
- ZESBO - Centre for Research on Musculoskeletal Systems, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Orthopaedic, Trauma and Plastic Surgery, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Roth
- Department of Orthopaedic, Trauma and Plastic Surgery, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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Albert DL, Katzenberger MJ, Hunter RL, Agnew AM, Kemper AR. Effects of loading rate, age, and morphology on the material properties of human rib trabecular bone. J Biomech 2023; 156:111670. [PMID: 37352737 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2023.111670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
The material and morphometric properties of trabecular bone have been studied extensively in bones bearing significant weight, such as the appendicular long bones and spine. Less attention has been devoted to the ribs, where quantification of material properties is vital to understanding thoracic injury. The objective of this study was to quantify the compressive material properties of human rib trabecular bone and assess the effects of loading rate, age, and morphology on the material properties. Material properties were quantified via uniaxial compression tests performed on trabecular bone samples at two loading rates: 0.005 s-1 and 0.5 s-1. Morphometric parameters of each sample were quantified before testing using micro-computed tomography. Rib trabecular bone material properties were lower on average compared to trabecular bone from other anatomical locations. Morphometric parameters indicated an anisotropic structure with low connectivity and a sparser density of trabeculae in the rib compared to other locations. No significant differences in material properties were observed between the tested loading rates. Material properties were only significantly correlated with age at the 0.005 s-1 loading rate, and no morphometric parameter was significantly correlated with age. Trabecular separation and thickness were most strongly correlated with the material properties, indicating the sparser trabecular matrix likely contributed to the lower material property values compared to other sites. The novel trabecular bone material properties reported in this study can be used to improve the thoracic response and injury prediction of computational models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devon L Albert
- Virginia Tech, Center for Injury Biomechanics, United States.
| | | | - Randee L Hunter
- The Ohio State University, Injury Biomechanics Research Center, United States
| | - Amanda M Agnew
- The Ohio State University, Injury Biomechanics Research Center, United States
| | - Andrew R Kemper
- Virginia Tech, Center for Injury Biomechanics, United States
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Black C, Gibbs D, McEwan J, Kanczler J, Fernández MP, Tozzi G, Dawson J, Oreffo R. Comparison of bone formation mediated by bone morphogenetic protein delivered by nanoclay gels with clinical techniques (autograft and InductOs ®) in an ovine bone model. J Tissue Eng 2022; 13:20417314221113746. [PMID: 36147728 PMCID: PMC9486279 DOI: 10.1177/20417314221113746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of a growth factor delivery vehicle providing appropriate temporal-spatial release together with an appropriate preclinical large animal model to evaluate bone formation is critical in the development of delivery strategies for bone tissue regeneration. Smectite nanoclays such as LAPONITE™ possess unique thixotropic and protein retention properties offering promise for use in growth factor delivery in bone repair and regeneration. This study has examined bone formation mediated by a clinically approved growth factor delivery system (InductOs®) in combination with Laponite gel in an aged female ovine femoral condyle defect preclinical model (10 weeks). Two different designs, one containing a low volume of Laponite gel (LLG) in combination with the InductOs® absorbable collagen sponge (ACS), the other in which Laponite gel formed the implant (HLG), were compared against InductOs® alone and an autograft positive control. Thus, five groups: (i) empty defect, (ii) autograft, (iii) BMP2 + ACS, (iv) BMP2 + ACS + LLG and (v) BMP2 + HLG + ACS were examined in 9 mm × 12 mm defects performed bilaterally in the medial femoral condyles of 24 aged (>5 years) sheep. Bone formation within the defect was assessed using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), digital volume correlation (DVC) for biomechanical characterisation as well as histology. The autograft and InductOs® mediated enhanced bone formation (p < 0001) compared to blank controls, while no significant differences were observed between the Laponite/Collagen/BMP delivery vehicles. However, the current study illustrated the excellent biocompatibility of Laponite and its ability to deliver localised active BMP-2, with the opportunity for improved efficacy with further optimisation. Interestingly, DVC-computed strain distributions indicated that the regenerated bone structure is mechanically adapted to bear external loads from the early remodelling stages of the bone reparation cascade. The current studies of selected nanoclay delivery platforms for BMP, assessed in a clinically relevant large animal model auger well for the development of bone fracture therapeutics for an ageing population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Black
- Bone & Joint Research Group, Centre
for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Human Development & Health,
Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton,
UK
| | - David Gibbs
- Bone & Joint Research Group, Centre
for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Human Development & Health,
Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton,
UK
| | - Josephine McEwan
- Bone & Joint Research Group, Centre
for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Human Development & Health,
Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton,
UK
| | - Janos Kanczler
- Bone & Joint Research Group, Centre
for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Human Development & Health,
Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton,
UK
| | - Marta Peña Fernández
- Institute of Mechanical, Process and
Engineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot Watt University,
Edinburgh, UK
| | - Gianluca Tozzi
- Zeiss Global Centre, School of
Mechanical and Design Engineering, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Jonathan Dawson
- Bone & Joint Research Group, Centre
for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Human Development & Health,
Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton,
UK
| | - Richard Oreffo
- Bone & Joint Research Group, Centre
for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Human Development & Health,
Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton,
UK,College of Biomedical Engineering,
China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan,Richard Oreffo, Bone & Joint Research
Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Human
Development & Health, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of
Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
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8
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Frayssinet E, Colabella L, Cisilino AP. Design and assessment of the biomimetic capabilities of a Voronoi-based cancellous microstructure. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2022; 130:105186. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Unified validation of a refined second-generation HR-pQCT based homogenized finite element method to predict strength of the distal segments in radius and tibia. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2022; 131:105235. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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de Bakker CM, Knowles NK, Walker RE, Manske SL, Boyd SK. Independent changes in bone mineralized and marrow soft tissues following acute knee injury require dual-energy or high-resolution computed tomography for accurate assessment of bone mineral density and stiffness. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2022; 127:105091. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Smith SM, Angielczyk KD. A shrewd inspection of vertebral regionalization in large shrews (Soricidae: Crocidurinae). Integr Org Biol 2022; 4:obac006. [PMID: 35291671 PMCID: PMC8915212 DOI: 10.1093/iob/obac006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The regionalization of the mammalian spinal column is an important evolutionary, developmental, and functional hallmark of the clade. Vertebral column regions are usually defined using transitions in external bone morphology, such as the presence of transverse foraminae or rib facets, or measurements of vertebral shape. Yet the internal structure of vertebrae, specifically the trabecular (spongy) bone, plays an important role in vertebral function, and is subject to the same variety of selective, functional, and developmental influences as external bone morphology. Here we investigated regionalization of external and trabecular bone morphology in the vertebral column of a group of shrews (family Soricidae). The primary goals of this study were to: 1) determine if vertebral trabecular bone morphology is regionalized in large shrews, and if so, in what configuration relative to external morphology; 2) assess correlations between trabecular bone regionalization and functional or developmental influences; and 3) determine if external and trabecular bone regionalization patterns provide clues about the function of the highly modified spinal column of the hero shrew Scutisorex.
Trabecular bone is regionalized along the soricid vertebral column, but the configuration of trabecular bone regions does not match that of the external vertebral morphology, and is less consistent across individuals and species. The cervical region has the most distinct and consistent trabecular bone morphology, with dense trabeculae indicative of the ability to withstand forces in a variety of directions. Scutisorex exhibits an additional external morphology region compared to unmodified shrews, but this region does not correspond to a change in trabecular architecture.
Although trabecular bone architecture is regionalized along the soricid vertebral column, and this regionalization is potentially related to bone functional adaptation, there are likely aspects of vertebral functional regionalization that are not detectable using trabecular bone morphology. For example, the external morphology of the Scutisorex lumbar spine shows signs of an extra functional region that is not apparent in trabecular bone analyses. It is possible that body size and locomotor mode affect the degree to which function is manifest in trabecular bone, and broader study across mammalian size and ecology is warranted to understand the relationship between trabecular bone morphology and other measures of vertebral function such as intervertebral range of motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Smith
- Field Museum of Natural History, Negaunee Integrative Research Center, 1400 S DuSable Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605
| | - Kenneth D Angielczyk
- Field Museum of Natural History, Negaunee Integrative Research Center, 1400 S DuSable Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605
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Shen QH, Baik J, Won Y. Assessment of the Bone Mineral Density and Microstructure of the Human Femoral Head according to Different Tip-apex Distances Can Guide the Treatment of Intertrochanteric Hip Fractures. Hip Pelvis 2021; 33:190-199. [PMID: 34938688 PMCID: PMC8654587 DOI: 10.5371/hp.2021.33.4.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We analyzed the microstructure and bone mineral density (BMD) of the trabecular bone in the femoral head of patients with osteoporosis. Materials and Methods Sixteen femoral heads with osteoporotic femoral neck fractures underwent micro-computed tomography scanning. In each tip-apex distance (TAD) of 15, 20, and 25 mm, five regions of interest (ROIs) were extracted from the central, anterior, posterior, superior, and inferior sections. A total of 15 ROIs were extracted from TADs of 15, 20, and 25 mm. The measurement parameters included BMD, percent bone volume: bone volume/total volume (BV/TV), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), trabecular number (Tb.N), structural model index (SMI), and degree of anisotropy (DOA). Results The lowest BMD and BV/TV values were observed in the inferior region and differed significantly from those in other regions (P<0.05). Lower Tb.Th and Tb.N values were observed in the inferior region compared with those in the central region (P<0.05). The highest SMI value was observed in the inferior region (P<0.05). With TAD of 15 and 20 mm, the DOA values in the inferior region were lower than those in the anterior region (P<0.05). Lower BMD and BV/TV values were observed in the anterior, central, and inferior regions of TAD of 15 mm compared with those in the corresponding regions of TAD of 25 mm (P<0.05). Conclusion Positioning the lag screw between TAD of 20 to 25 mm and in the inferior region is recommended, and TAD of less than 15 mm is not recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan-Hu Shen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Ajou Medical Center, Ajou University College of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.,Department of Orthopedics, First People's Hospital of Suqian, Suqian, China
| | - JiWoong Baik
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Ajou Medical Center, Ajou University College of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - YeYeon Won
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Ajou Medical Center, Ajou University College of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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13
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Long EB, Barak MM, Frost VJ. The effect of Staphylococcus aureus exposure on white-tailed deer trabecular bone stiffness and yield. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 126:105000. [PMID: 34894499 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.105000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
With a growing number of osteomyelitis diagnoses, many of which are linked to Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), it is imperative to understand the pathology of S. aureus in relation to bone to provide better diagnostics and patient care. While the cellular mechanisms of S. aureus and osteomyelitis have been studied, little information exists on the biomechanical effects of such infections. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of S. aureus exposure on the stiffness and yield of trabecular bone tissue. S. aureus-ATCC-12600, a confirmed biofilm producer, along with one hundred and three trabecular cubes (5 × 5 × 5 mm) from the proximal tibiae of Odocoileus virginianus (white-tailed deer) were used in this experiment. Bone cubes were disinfected and then swabbed to confirm no residual living microbes or endospore contamination before inoculation with S. aureus (test group) or sterile nutrient broth (control group) for 72 h. All cubes were then tested in compression until yield using an Instron 5942 Single-Column machine. Structural stiffness (N/mm) and yield (MPa) were calculated and compared between the two groups. Our results revealed that acute exposure to S. aureus, within the context of our deer tibia model, does not significantly decrease trabecular bone stiffness or yield. The results of this study may be of value clinically when assessing fracture risks for osteomyelitis or other patients whose cultures test positive for S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Brooke Long
- Department of Biology, Winthrop University, Rock Hill, SC, 29733, USA.
| | - Meir Max Barak
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Long Island University, Brookville, NY, 11548, USA
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Sacher S, Hernandez CJ, Donnelly E. Characterization of Ultralow Density Cellular Solids: Lessons from 30 years of Bone Biomechanics Research. ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS 2021; 23:2100206. [PMID: 34456625 PMCID: PMC8389487 DOI: 10.1002/adem.202100206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Advances in additive manufacturing techniques have enabled the development of micro-architectured materials displaying a combination of low-density and lightweight structures with high specific strength and toughness. The mechanical performance of micro-architectured materials can be assessed using standard techniques; however, when studying low- and ultralow density micro-architectured materials, standard characterization techniques can be subject to experimental artifacts. Additionally, quantitative assessment and comparisons of microarchitectures with distinct lattice patterns is not always straightforward. Cancellous bone is a natural, ultralow density (porosity often exceeding 90%), irregular, cellular solid that has been thoroughly characterized in terms of micro-architecture and mechanical performance over the past 30 years. However, most the literature on cancellous bone mechanical properties and micro-structure-function relationships is in the medical literature and is not immediately accessible to materials designers. Here we provide a brief review of state-of-the-art approaches for characterizing the micro-architecture and mechanical performance of ultralow density cancellous bone, including methods of addressing experimental artifacts during mechanical characterization of ultralow density cellular solids, methods of quantifying microarchitecture, and currently understood structure-function relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sacher
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Christopher J Hernandez
- Research Division, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Eve Donnelly
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
- Research Division, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY
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15
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Metzner F, Neupetsch C, Fischer JP, Drossel WG, Heyde CE, Schleifenbaum S. Influence of osteoporosis on the compressive properties of femoral cancellous bone and its dependence on various density parameters. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13284. [PMID: 34168240 PMCID: PMC8225914 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92685-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Data collection of mechanical parameters from compressive tests play a fundamental role in FE modelling of bone tissues or the developing and designing of bone implants, especially referring to osteoporosis or other forms of bone loss. A total of 43 cylindrical samples (Ø8 × 16 mm) were taken from 43 freshly frozen proximal femora using a tenon cutter. All femora underwent BMD measurement and additionally apparent- and relative- and bulk density (ρapp, ρr, ρb) were determined using samples bordering the compressive specimen on the proximal and distal regions. All samples were classified as "normal", "osteopenia" and "osteoporosis" based on the DEXA measurements. Distal apparent density was most suitable for predicting bone strength and BMD. One novel aspect is the examination of the plateau stress as it describes the stress at which the failure of spongious bone progresses. No significant differences in mechanical properties (compressive modulus E; compressive stress σmax and plateau stress σp) were found between osteopenic and osteoporotic bone. The results suggest that already in the case of a known osteopenia, actions should be taken as they are applied in the case of osteoporosis A review of the literature regarding extraction and testing methods illustrates the urgent need for standardized biomechanical compressive material testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Metzner
- Professorship for Adaptronics and Lightweight Design in Production, Institute for Machine Tools and Production Processes, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany. .,Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology, Dresden, Germany. .,ZESBO - Center for Research On Musculoskeletal Systems, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Traumatology and Plastic Surgery, Leipzig University, Semmelweisstraße 14, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - C Neupetsch
- Professorship for Adaptronics and Lightweight Design in Production, Institute for Machine Tools and Production Processes, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - J-P Fischer
- ZESBO - Center for Research On Musculoskeletal Systems, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Traumatology and Plastic Surgery, Leipzig University, Semmelweisstraße 14, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Traumatology and Plastic Surgery, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - W-G Drossel
- Professorship for Adaptronics and Lightweight Design in Production, Institute for Machine Tools and Production Processes, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - C-E Heyde
- ZESBO - Center for Research On Musculoskeletal Systems, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Traumatology and Plastic Surgery, Leipzig University, Semmelweisstraße 14, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Traumatology and Plastic Surgery, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - S Schleifenbaum
- Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology, Dresden, Germany.,ZESBO - Center for Research On Musculoskeletal Systems, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Traumatology and Plastic Surgery, Leipzig University, Semmelweisstraße 14, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Traumatology and Plastic Surgery, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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16
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Fluid-structure interaction (FSI) modeling of bone marrow through trabecular bone structure under compression. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2021; 20:957-968. [PMID: 33547975 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-021-01423-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study has sought to investigate the fluid characteristic and mechanical properties of trabecular bone using fluid-structure interaction (FSI) approach under different trabecular bone orientations. This method imposed on trabecular bone structure at both longitudinal and transverse orientations to identify effects on shear stress, permeability, stiffness and stress regarded to the trabeculae. Sixteen FSI models were performed on different range trabecular cubes of 27 mm3 with eight models developed for each longitudinal and transverse direction. Results show that there was a moderate correlation between permeability and porosity, and surface area in the longitudinal and transverse orientations. For the longitudinal orientation, the permeability values varied between 3.66 × 10-8 and 1.9 × 10-7 and the sheer stress values varied between 0.05 and 1.8 Pa, whilst for the transverse orientation, the permeability values varied between 5.95 × 10-10 and 1.78 × 10-8 and the shear stress values varied between 0.04 and 3.1 Pa. Here, transverse orientation limits the fluid flow from passing through the trabeculae due to high shear stress disturbance generated within the trabecular bone region. Compared to physiological loading direction (longitudinal orientation), permeability is higher within the range known to trigger a response in bone cells. Additionally, shear stresses also increase with bone surface area. This study suggests the shear stress within bone marrow in real trabecular architecture could provide the mechanical signal to marrow cells that leads to bone anabolism and can depend on trabecular orientation.
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17
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Chirchir H. Trabecular bone in domestic dogs and wolves: Implications for understanding human self‐domestication. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2020; 304:31-41. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.24510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Habiba Chirchir
- Department of Biological Sciences Marshall University Huntington West Virginia USA
- Human Origins Program, Department of Anthropology National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution Washington District of Columbia USA
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18
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Mouss ME, Zellagui S, Nasraoui M, Hambli R. Parametric investigation of the effects of load level on fatigue crack growth in trabecular bone based on artificial neural network computation. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2020; 234:784-793. [DOI: 10.1177/0954411920924509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study reports the development of an artificial neural network computation model to predict the accumulation of crack density and crack length in cancellous bone under a cyclic load. The model was then applied to conduct a parametric investigation into the effects of load level on fatigue crack accumulation in cancellous bone. The method was built in three steps: (1) conducting finite element simulations to predict fatigue growth of different three-dimensional micro-computed tomography cancellous bone specimens considering input combinations based on a factorial experimental design; (2) performing a training stage of an artificial neural network based on the results of step 1; and (3) applying the trained artificial neural network to rapidly predict the crack density and the crack length growth for cancellous bone under a cyclic loading for a given applied apparent strain, cycle frequency, bone volume fraction, bone density and apparent elastic modulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marouane El Mouss
- University of Orléans, University of Tours, INSA CVL, LaMé, Orléans, France
| | - Said Zellagui
- University of Orléans, University of Tours, INSA CVL, LaMé, Orléans, France
| | - Makrem Nasraoui
- University of Orléans, University of Tours, INSA CVL, LaMé, Orléans, France
| | - Ridha Hambli
- University of Orléans, University of Tours, INSA CVL, LaMé, Orléans, France
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19
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Smith SM, Angielczyk KD. Deciphering an extreme morphology: bone microarchitecture of the hero shrew backbone (Soricidae: Scutisorex). Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20200457. [PMID: 32345168 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.0457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological structures with extreme morphologies are puzzling because they often lack obvious functions and stymie comparisons to homologous or analogous features with more typical shapes. An example of such an extreme morphotype is the uniquely modified vertebral column of the hero shrew Scutisorex, which features numerous accessory intervertebral articulations and massively expanded transverse processes. The function of these vertebral structures is unknown, and it is difficult to meaningfully compare them to vertebrae from animals with known behavioural patterns and spinal adaptations. Here, we use trabecular bone architecture of vertebral centra and quantitative external vertebral morphology to elucidate the forces that may act on the spine of Scutisorex and that of another large shrew with unmodified vertebrae (Crocidura goliath). X-ray micro-computed tomography (µCT) scans of thoracolumbar columns show that Scutisorex thori is structurally intermediate between C. goliath and S. somereni internally and externally, and both Scutisorex species exhibit trabecular bone characteristics indicative of higher in vivo axial compressive loads than C. goliath. Under compressive load, Scutisorex vertebral morphology is adapted to largely restrict bending to the sagittal plane (flexion). Although these findings do not solve the mystery of how Scutisorex uses its byzantine spine in vivo, our work suggests potentially fruitful new avenues of investigation for learning more about the function of this perplexing structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Smith
- Field Museum of Natural History, Negaunee Integrative Research Center, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605-2496, USA
| | - Kenneth D Angielczyk
- Field Museum of Natural History, Negaunee Integrative Research Center, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605-2496, USA
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20
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Saers JPP, Ryan TM, Stock JT. Baby steps towards linking calcaneal trabecular bone ontogeny and the development of bipedal human gait. J Anat 2020; 236:474-492. [PMID: 31725189 PMCID: PMC7018636 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Trabecular bone structure in adulthood is a product of a process of modelling during ontogeny and remodelling throughout life. Insight into ontogeny is essential to understand the functional significance of trabecular bone structural variation observed in adults. The complex shape and loading of the human calcaneus provides a natural experiment to test the relationship between trabecular morphology and locomotor development. We investigated the relationship between calcaneal trabecular bone structure and predicted changes in loading related to development of gait and body size in growing children. We sampled three main trabecular regions of the calcanei using micro-computed tomography scans of 35 individuals aged between neonate to adult from the Norris Farms #36 site (1300 AD, USA) and from Cambridge (1200-1500 AD, UK). Trabecular properties were calculated in volumes of interest placed beneath the calcaneocuboid joint, plantar ligaments, and posterior talar facet. At birth, thin trabecular struts are arranged in a dense and relatively isotropic structure. Bone volume fraction strongly decreases in the first year of life, whereas anisotropy and mean trabecular thickness increase. Dorsal compressive trabecular bands appear around the onset of bipedal walking, although plantar tensile bands develop prior to predicted propulsive toe-off. Bone volume fraction and anisotropy increase until the age of 8, when gait has largely matured. Connectivity density gradually reduces, whereas trabeculae gradually thicken from birth until adulthood. This study demonstrates that three different regions of the calcaneus develop into distinct adult morphologies through varying developmental trajectories. These results are similar to previous reports of ontogeny in human long bones and are suggestive of a relationship between the mechanical environment and trabecular bone architecture in the human calcaneus during growth. However, controlled experiments combined with more detailed biomechanical models of gait maturation are necessary to establish skeletal markers linking growth to loading. This has the potential to be a novel source of information for understanding loading levels, activity patterns, and perhaps life history in the fossil record.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaap P. P. Saers
- Department of ArchaeologyMcDonald Institute for Archaeological ResearchUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Timothy M. Ryan
- Department of AnthropologyPennsylvania State UniversityState CollegePAUSA
| | - Jay T. Stock
- Department of ArchaeologyMcDonald Institute for Archaeological ResearchUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of AnthropologyUniversity of Western OntarioLondonONCanada
- Department of ArchaeologyMax Planck Institute for the Science of Human HistoryJenaGermany
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21
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Global and site-specific analysis of bone in a rat model of spinal cord injury-induced osteoporosis. Bone Rep 2019; 12:100233. [PMID: 31886322 PMCID: PMC6920718 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2019.100233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Micro-Computed Tomography bone analysis is the gold standard method for assessing trabecular and cortical bone microarchitecture in small animal bones. This technique reports morphometric parameters as averages over selected volumes of interest (VOIs). This study proposes the introduction of an additional global 2D morphometric step into the analysis process, that provides a survey of the underlying morphometric variation present throughout both trabecular and cortical bone. The visualisation of these morphometric distributions provides a systematic approach to VOI selection that provides rationale and adds confidence to subsequent 3D morphometric analysis. To test the applicability and value of this methodological addition it was applied to the distal femur of a rat model of spinal cord injury (SCI)-induced osteoporosis. The 2D morphometric variation of both trabecular and cortical bone was quantified as a function of bone length. SCI-induced osteoporosis was localised in i) trabecular bone, where metaphyseal bone was more severely affected than epiphyseal bone, and there was a significant reduction in Distal Femoral Trabecular Extent, a new parameter defined here that quantifies how far trabecular bone penetrates in to the marrow cavity, ii) cortical bone, where diaphyseal bone underwent significant lowering of both cortical area and thickness, while distal-metaphyseal bone did not. Theses site-specific changes were validated, further elucidated and compared with follow-up conventional 3D analysis. The techniques applied here are equally applicable to other long bones (tibia, humerus, radius, ulna), other types of imaging modality and other types of experimental design including the effects of rehabilitation, aging, loading, gene knockout and pharmacological intervention. 2D morphological surveying identifies regions warranting further 3D investigation. Trabecular microarchitecture site-specifically varies in the distal femur. SCI-induced osteoporosis changes metaphyseal more than epiphyseal trabecular bone. SCI-induced osteoporosis reduced the extent of metaphyseal trabecular bone.
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22
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Bravo AE, Osnaya LC, Ramírez EI, Jacobo VH, Ortiz A. The effect of bone marrow on the mechanical behavior of porcine trabecular bone. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2019. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ab4dc0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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23
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Saers JP, Ryan TM, Stock JT. Trabecular bone structure scales allometrically in the foot of four human groups. J Hum Evol 2019; 135:102654. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2019.102654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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24
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Advances toward multiscale computational models of cartilage mechanics and mechanobiology. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2019.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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25
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Bahia MT, Hecke MB, Mercuri EG. Image-based anatomical reconstruction and pharmaco-mediated bone remodeling model applied to a femur with subtrochanteric fracture: A subject-specific finite element study. Med Eng Phys 2019; 69:58-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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26
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Sohail A, Younas M, Bhatti Y, Li Z, Tunç S, Abid M. Analysis of Trabecular Bone Mechanics Using Machine Learning. Evol Bioinform Online 2019; 15:1176934318825084. [PMID: 30936677 PMCID: PMC6434438 DOI: 10.1177/1176934318825084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
"Bone remodeling" is a dynamic process, and mutliphase analysis incorporated with the forecasting algorithm can help the biologists and orthopedics to interpret the laboratory generated results and to apply them in improving applications in the fields of "drug design, treatment, and therapy" of diseased bones. The metastasized bone microenvironment has always remained a challenging puzzle for the researchers. A multiphase computational model is interfaced with the artificial intelligence algorithm in a hybrid manner during this research. Trabecular surface remodeling is presented in this article, with the aid of video graphic footage, and the associated parametric thresholds are derived from artificial intelligence and clinical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Sohail
- Department of Mathematics, Comsats University Islamabad, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Younas
- Department of Mathematics, Comsats University Islamabad, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Yousaf Bhatti
- Department of Mathematics, Comsats University Islamabad, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zhiwu Li
- Institute of Systems Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau.,School of Electro-Mechanical Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Sümeyye Tunç
- Physiotherapy, IMU Vocational School, Istanbul Medipol University, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Muhammad Abid
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre, COMSATS University Islamabad, Wah Cantonment, Pakistan
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27
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Bishop PJ, Hocknull SA, Clemente CJ, Hutchinson JR, Farke AA, Beck BR, Barrett RS, Lloyd DG. Cancellous bone and theropod dinosaur locomotion. Part I-an examination of cancellous bone architecture in the hindlimb bones of theropods. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5778. [PMID: 30402347 PMCID: PMC6215452 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper is the first of a three-part series that investigates the architecture of cancellous ('spongy') bone in the main hindlimb bones of theropod dinosaurs, and uses cancellous bone architectural patterns to infer locomotor biomechanics in extinct non-avian species. Cancellous bone is widely known to be highly sensitive to its mechanical environment, and has previously been used to infer locomotor biomechanics in extinct tetrapod vertebrates, especially primates. Despite great promise, cancellous bone architecture has remained little utilized for investigating locomotion in many other extinct vertebrate groups, such as dinosaurs. Documentation and quantification of architectural patterns across a whole bone, and across multiple bones, can provide much information on cancellous bone architectural patterns and variation across species. Additionally, this also lends itself to analysis of the musculoskeletal biomechanical factors involved in a direct, mechanistic fashion. On this premise, computed tomographic and image analysis techniques were used to describe and analyse the three-dimensional architecture of cancellous bone in the main hindlimb bones of theropod dinosaurs for the first time. A comprehensive survey across many extant and extinct species is produced, identifying several patterns of similarity and contrast between groups. For instance, more stemward non-avian theropods (e.g. ceratosaurs and tyrannosaurids) exhibit cancellous bone architectures more comparable to that present in humans, whereas species more closely related to birds (e.g. paravians) exhibit architectural patterns bearing greater similarity to those of extant birds. Many of the observed patterns may be linked to particular aspects of locomotor biomechanics, such as the degree of hip or knee flexion during stance and gait. A further important observation is the abundance of markedly oblique trabeculae in the diaphyses of the femur and tibia of birds, which in large species produces spiralling patterns along the endosteal surface. Not only do these observations provide new insight into theropod anatomy and behaviour, they also provide the foundation for mechanistic testing of locomotor hypotheses via musculoskeletal biomechanical modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J. Bishop
- Geosciences Program, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
- Gold Coast Orthopaedic Research, Engineering and Education Alliance, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
- Current affiliation: Structure and Motion Laboratory, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Scott A. Hocknull
- Geosciences Program, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Christofer J. Clemente
- School of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - John R. Hutchinson
- Structure and Motion Laboratory, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Andrew A. Farke
- Raymond M. Alf Museum of Paleontology at The Webb Schools, Claremont, CA, USA
| | - Belinda R. Beck
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
- Exercise and Human Performance, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Rod S. Barrett
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
- Gold Coast Orthopaedic Research, Engineering and Education Alliance, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - David G. Lloyd
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
- Gold Coast Orthopaedic Research, Engineering and Education Alliance, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
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28
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Russo GA. Trabecular Bone Structural Variation in the Proximal Sacrum Among Primates. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2018; 302:1354-1371. [PMID: 30315635 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The sacrum occupies a functionally important anatomical position as part of the pelvic girdle and vertebral column. Sacral orientation and external morphology in modern humans are distinct from those in other primates and compatible with the demands of habitual bipedal locomotion. Among nonhuman primates, however, how sacral anatomy relates to positional behaviors is less clear. As an alternative to evaluation of the sacrum's external morphology, this study assesses if the sacrum's internal morphology (i.e., trabecular bone) differs among extant primates. The primary hypothesis tested is that trabecular bone parameters with established functional relevance will differ in the first sacral vertebra (S1) among extant primates that vary in positional behaviors. Results for analyses of individual variables demonstrate that bone volume fraction, degree of anisotropy, trabecular number, and size-corrected trabecular thickness differ among primates grouped by positional behaviors to some extent, but not always in ways consistent with functional expectations. When examined as a suite, these trabecular parameters distinguish obligate bipeds from other positional behavior groups; and, the latter three trabecular bone variables further distinguish knuckle-walking terrestrial quadrupeds from manual suspensor-brachiators, vertical clingers and leapers, and arboreal quadrupeds, as well as between arboreal and terrestrial quadrupeds. As in other regions of the skeleton in modern humans, trabecular bone in S1 exhibits distinctively low bone volume fraction. Results from this study of extant primate S1 trabecular bone structural variation provide a functional context for interpretations concerning the positional behaviors of extinct primates based on internal sacral morphology. Anat Rec, 302:1354-1371, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle A Russo
- Department of Anthropology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
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29
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Comparison of patient-specific computational models vs. clinical follow-up, for adjacent segment disc degeneration and bone remodelling after spinal fusion. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200899. [PMID: 30161138 PMCID: PMC6116979 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal fusion is a standard surgical treatment for patients suffering from low back pain attributed to disc degeneration. However, results are somewhat variable and unpredictable. With fusion the kinematic behaviour of the spine is altered. Fusion and/or stabilizing implants carrying considerable load and prevent rotation of the fused segments. Associated with these changes, a risk for accelerated disc degeneration at the adjacent levels to fusion has been demonstrated. However, there is yet no method to predict the effect of fusion surgery on the adjacent tissue levels, i.e. bone and disc. The aim of this study was to develop a coupled and patient-specific mechanoregulated model to predict disc generation and changes in bone density after spinal fusion and to validate the results relative to patient follow-up data. To do so, a multiscale disc mechanoregulation adaptation framework was developed and coupled with a previously developed bone remodelling algorithm. This made it possible to determine extra cellular matrix changes in the intervertebral disc and bone density changes simultaneously based on changes in loading due to fusion surgery. It was shown that for 10 cases the predicted change in bone density and degeneration grade conforms reasonable well to clinical follow-up data. This approach helps us to understand the effect of surgical intervention on the adjacent tissue remodelling. Thereby, providing the first insight for a spine surgeon as to which patient could potentially be treated successfully by spinal fusion and in which patient has a high risk for adjacent tissue changes.
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30
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Panyasantisuk J, Dall'Ara E, Pretterklieber M, Pahr DH, Zysset PK. Mapping anisotropy improves QCT-based finite element estimation of hip strength in pooled stance and side-fall load configurations. Med Eng Phys 2018; 59:36-42. [PMID: 30131112 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Hip fractures are one of the most severe consequences of osteoporosis. Compared to the clinical standard of DXA-based aBMD at the femoral neck, QCT-based FEA delivers a better surrogate of femoral strength and gains acceptance for the calculation of hip fracture risk when a CT reconstruction is available. Isotropic, homogenised voxel-based, finite element (hvFE) models are widely used to estimate femoral strength in cross-sectional and longitudinal clinical studies. However, fabric anisotropy is a classical feature of the architecture of the proximal femur and the second determinant of the homogenised mechanical properties of trabecular bone. Due to the limited resolution, fabric anisotropy cannot be derived from clinical CT reconstructions. Alternatively, fabric anisotropy can be extracted from HR-pQCT images of cadaveric femora. In this study, fabric anisotropy from HR-pQCT images was mapped onto QCT-based hvFE models of 71 human proximal femora for which both HR-pQCT and QCT images were available. Stiffness and ultimate load computed from anisotropic hvFE models were compared with previous biomechanical tests in both stance and side-fall configurations. The influence of using the femur-specific versus a mean fabric distribution on the hvFE predictions was assessed. Femur-specific and mean fabric enhance the prediction of experimental ultimate force for the pooled, i.e. stance and side-fall, (isotropic: r2=0.81, femur-specific fabric: r2=0.88, mean fabric: r2=0.86,p<0.001) but not for the individual configurations. Fabric anisotropy significantly improves bone strength prediction for the pooled configurations, and mapped fabric provides a comparable prediction to true fabric. The mapping of fabric anisotropy is therefore expected to help generate more accurate QCT-based hvFE models of the proximal femur for personalised or multiple load configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Panyasantisuk
- Institute for Surgical Technology and Biomechanics, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - E Dall'Ara
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism and INSIGNEO, Institute for in silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | | | - D H Pahr
- Institute for Lightweight Design and Structural Biomechanics, Vienna University of Technology, Austria; Department for Anatomy and Biomechanics, Karl Landsteiner Private University for Health Sciences, Austria
| | - P K Zysset
- Institute for Surgical Technology and Biomechanics, University of Bern, Switzerland.
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Coiner-Collier S, Vogel ER, Scott RS. Trabecular Anisotropy in the Primate Mandibular Condyle Is Associated with Dietary Toughness. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2018; 301:1342-1359. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.23810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Erin R. Vogel
- Department of Anthropology and Center for Human Evolutionary Studies; Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey; New Brunswick New Jersey
| | - Robert S. Scott
- Department of Anthropology and Center for Human Evolutionary Studies; Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey; New Brunswick New Jersey
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Roberts BC, Solomon LB, Mercer G, Reynolds KJ, Thewlis D, Perilli E. Relationships between in vivo dynamic knee joint loading, static alignment and tibial subchondral bone microarchitecture in end-stage knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2018; 26:547-556. [PMID: 29382604 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2018.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study, in end-stage knee osteoarthritis (OA) patients, relationships between indices of in vivo dynamic knee joint loads obtained pre-operatively using gait analysis, static knee alignment, and the subchondral trabecular bone (STB) microarchitecture of their excised tibial plateau quantified with 3D micro-CT. DESIGN Twenty-five knee OA patients scheduled for total knee arthroplasty underwent pre-operative gait analysis. Mechanical axis deviation (MAD) was determined radiographically. Following surgery, excised tibial plateaus were micro-CT-scanned and STB microarchitecture analysed in four subregions (anteromedial, posteromedial, anterolateral, posterolateral). Regional differences in STB microarchitecture and relationships between joint loading and microarchitecture were examined. RESULTS STB microarchitecture differed among subregions (P < 0.001), anteromedially exhibiting highest bone volume fraction (BV/TV) and lowest structure model index (SMI). Anteromedial BV/TV and SMI correlated strongest with the peak external rotation moment (ERM; r = -0.74, r = 0.67, P < 0.01), despite ERM being the lowest (by factor of 10) of the moments considered, with majority of ERM measures below accuracy thresholds; medial-to-lateral BV/TV ratios correlated with ERM, MAD, knee adduction moment (KAM) and internal rotation moment (|r|-range: 0.54-0.74). When controlling for walking speed, KAM and MAD, the ERM explained additional 11-30% of the variations in anteromedial BV/TV and medial-to-lateral BV/TV ratio (R2 = 0.59, R2 = 0.69, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS This preliminary study suggests significant associations between tibial plateau STB microarchitecture and knee joint loading indices in end-stage knee OA patients. Particularly, anteromedial BV/TV correlates strongest with ERM, whereas medial-to-lateral BV/TV ratio correlates strongest with indicators of medial-to-lateral joint loading (MAD, KAM) and rotational moments. However, associations with ERM should be interpreted with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Roberts
- The Medical Device Research Institute, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - L B Solomon
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - G Mercer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Repatriation General Hospital, Daws Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - K J Reynolds
- The Medical Device Research Institute, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - D Thewlis
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - E Perilli
- The Medical Device Research Institute, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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Mielke M, Wölfer J, Arnold P, van Heteren AH, Amson E, Nyakatura JA. Trabecular architecture in the sciuromorph femoral head: allometry and functional adaptation. ZOOLOGICAL LETTERS 2018; 4:10. [PMID: 29785282 PMCID: PMC5954450 DOI: 10.1186/s40851-018-0093-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sciuromorpha (squirrels and close relatives) are diverse in terms of body size and locomotor behavior. Individual species are specialized to perform climbing, gliding or digging behavior, the latter being the result of multiple independent evolutionary acquisitions. Each lifestyle involves characteristic loading patterns acting on the bones of sciuromorphs. Trabecular bone, as part of the bone inner structure, adapts to such loading patterns. This network of thin bony struts is subject to bone modeling, and therefore reflects habitual loading throughout lifetime. The present study investigates the effect of body size and lifestyle on trabecular structure in Sciuromorpha. METHODS Based upon high-resolution computed tomography scans, the femoral head 3D inner microstructure of 69 sciuromorph species was analyzed. Species were assigned to one of the following lifestyle categories: arboreal, aerial, fossorial and semifossorial. A cubic volume of interest was selected in the center of each femoral head and analyzed by extraction of various parameters that characterize trabecular architecture (degree of anisotropy, bone volume fraction, connectivity density, trabecular thickness, trabecular separation, bone surface density and main trabecular orientation). Our analysis included evaluation of the allometric signals and lifestyle-related adaptation in the trabecular parameters. RESULTS We show that bone surface density, bone volume fraction, and connectivity density are subject to positive allometry, and degree of anisotropy, trabecular thickness, and trabecular separation to negative allometry. The parameters connectivity density, bone surface density, trabecular thickness, and trabecular separation show functional signals which are related to locomotor behavior. Aerial species are distinguished from fossorial ones by a higher trabecular thickness, lower connectivity density and lower bone surface density. Arboreal species are distinguished from semifossorial ones by a higher trabecular separation. CONCLUSION This study on sciuromorph trabeculae supplements the few non-primate studies on lifestyle-related functional adaptation of trabecular bone. We show that the architecture of the femoral head trabeculae in Sciuromorpha correlates with body mass and locomotor habits. Our findings provide a new basis for experimental research focused on functional significance of bone inner microstructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Mielke
- AG Morphologie und Formengeschichte, Institut für Biologie und Bild Wissen Gestaltung. Ein interdisziplinäres Labor, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, Berlin, 10099 Germany
| | - Jan Wölfer
- AG Morphologie und Formengeschichte, Institut für Biologie und Bild Wissen Gestaltung. Ein interdisziplinäres Labor, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, Berlin, 10099 Germany
| | - Patrick Arnold
- Institut für Zoologie und Evolutionsforschung mit Phyletischem Museum, Ernst-Haeckel-Haus und Biologiedidaktik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Erbert-Straße 1, Jena, 07743 Germany
- Department of Human EvolutionMax Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, Leipzig, 04103 Germany
| | - Anneke H. van Heteren
- Sektion Mammalogie, Zoologische Staatssammlung München – Staatliche Naturkundliche Sammlungen Bayerns, Münchhausenstr. 21, München, 81247 Germany
- GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, München, 80333 Germany
- Department Biologie II, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Str. 2, Planegg-Martinsried, 82152 Germany
| | - Eli Amson
- AG Morphologie und Formengeschichte, Institut für Biologie und Bild Wissen Gestaltung. Ein interdisziplinäres Labor, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, Berlin, 10099 Germany
| | - John A. Nyakatura
- AG Morphologie und Formengeschichte, Institut für Biologie und Bild Wissen Gestaltung. Ein interdisziplinäres Labor, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, Berlin, 10099 Germany
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Barak MM, Sherratt E, Lieberman DE. Using principal trabecular orientation to differentiate joint loading orientation in the 3rd metacarpal heads of humans and chimpanzees. J Hum Evol 2017; 113:173-182. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Steiner JA, Christen P, Affentranger R, Ferguson SJ, van Lenthe GH. A novel in silico method to quantify primary stability of screws in trabecular bone. J Orthop Res 2017; 35:2415-2424. [PMID: 28240380 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Insufficient primary stability of screws in bone leads to screw loosening and failure. Unlike conventional continuum finite-element models, micro-CT based finite-element analysis (micro-FE) is capable of capturing the patient-specific bone micro-architecture, providing accurate estimates of bone stiffness. However, such in silico models for screws in bone highly overestimate the apparent stiffness. We hypothesized that a more accurate prediction of primary implant stability of screws in bone is possible by considering insertion-related bone damage. We assessed two different screw types and loading scenarios in 20 trabecular bone specimens extracted from 12 cadaveric human femoral heads (N = 5 for each case). In the micro-FE model, we predicted specimen-specific Young's moduli of the peri-implant bone damage region based on morphometric parameters such that the apparent stiffness of each in silico model matched the experimentally measured stiffness of the corresponding in vitro specimen as closely as possible. The standard micro-FE models assuming perfectly intact peri-implant bone overestimated the stiffness by over 330%. The consideration of insertion related damaged peri-implant bone corrected the mean absolute percentage error down to 11.4% for both loading scenarios and screw types. Cross-validation revealed a mean absolute percentage error of 14.2%. We present the validation of a novel micro-FE modeling technique to quantify the apparent stiffness of screws in trabecular bone. While the standard micro-FE model overestimated the bone-implant stiffness, the consideration of insertion-related bone damage was crucial for an accurate stiffness prediction. This approach provides an important step toward more accurate specimen-specific micro-FE models. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:2415-2424, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juri A Steiner
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrik Christen
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Remo Affentranger
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephen J Ferguson
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerrit Harry van Lenthe
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.,Biomechanics Section, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 300, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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Colabella L, Ibarra Pino AA, Ballarre J, Kowalczyk P, Cisilino AP. Calculation of cancellous bone elastic properties with the polarization-based FFT iterative scheme. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2017; 33:e2879. [PMID: 28268244 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.2879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The Fast Fourier Transform-based method, originally introduced by Moulinec and Suquet in 1994 has gained popularity for computing homogenized properties of composites. In this work, the method is used for the computational homogenization of the elastic properties of cancellous bone. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first study where the Fast Fourier Transform scheme is applied to bone mechanics. The performance of the method is analyzed for artificial and natural bone samples of 2 species: bovine femoral heads and implanted femurs of Hokkaido rats. Model geometries are constructed using data from X-ray tomographies, and the bone tissue elastic properties are measured using microindentation and nanoindentation tests. Computed results are in excellent agreement with those available in the literature. The study shows the suitability of the method to accurately estimate the fully anisotropic elastic response of cancellous bone. Guidelines are provided for the construction of the models and the setting of the algorithm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Colabella
- INTEMA-School of Engineering, CONICET-National University of Mar del Plata, Av. Juan B. Justo 4302, Mar del Plata, B7608FDQ, Argentina
| | - Ariel Alejandro Ibarra Pino
- INTEMA-School of Engineering, CONICET-National University of Mar del Plata, Av. Juan B. Justo 4302, Mar del Plata, B7608FDQ, Argentina
- Department of Aerospace Engineering and Mechanics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Josefina Ballarre
- INTEMA-School of Engineering, CONICET-National University of Mar del Plata, Av. Juan B. Justo 4302, Mar del Plata, B7608FDQ, Argentina
| | - Piotr Kowalczyk
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5B, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adrián Pablo Cisilino
- INTEMA-School of Engineering, CONICET-National University of Mar del Plata, Av. Juan B. Justo 4302, Mar del Plata, B7608FDQ, Argentina
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Roberts BC, Solomon LB, Mercer G, Reynolds KJ, Thewlis D, Perilli E. Joint loading and proximal tibia subchondral trabecular bone microarchitecture differ with walking gait patterns in end-stage knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2017. [PMID: 28642164 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To (1) stratify patient subgroups according to their distinct walking gait patterns in end-stage knee osteoarthritis (OA); (2) compare measures of joint loading and proximal tibia subchondral trabecular bone (STB) microarchitecture among these gait subgroups. DESIGN Twenty-five knee OA patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) had pre-operative gait analysis. Following surgery, excised tibial plateaus were micro-CT-scanned and STB microarchitecture analysed in four tibial condylar regions of interest. Peak knee moments were input to k-means cluster analysis, to identify subgroups with homogeneous gait patterns. Joint loading and STB microarchitecture parameters were compared among gait subgroups (Kruskal-Wallis, Bonferroni-corrected Mann-Whitney U tests). RESULTS Three gait subgroups were revealed: biphasics (n = 7), flexors (n = 9), counter-rotators (n = 9). Peak knee adduction moment (KAM) and KAM impulse were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in biphasics than in flexors and counter-rotators (KAM = -0.65, -0.40 and -0.21 Nm/kg, respectively), suggesting a higher medial-to-lateral tibiofemoral load ratio in biphasics. Interestingly, STB medial-to-lateral bone volume fraction (BV/TV) ratio was also significantly higher (more than double) in biphasics and flexors than in counter-rotators (2.24, 2.00 and 1.00, respectively), whereas in biphasics it was only 10% higher than in flexors and not significantly so. CONCLUSIONS Within the confines of the limited sample size, data suggests that different mechanisms between the biphasic and flexor gait subroups may generate comparable loads upon the tibial plateau and corresponding bony responses, despite significantly lower KAM indices in flexors. Hence, in flexor gait OA patients, conservative treatments designed to reduce KAM, may not be appropriate. Understanding joint loading among walking gait patterns and relationships to bone microarchitecture may aid at identifying/improving management of persons at risk for developing knee OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Roberts
- The Medical Device Research Institute, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - L B Solomon
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - G Mercer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Repatriation General Hospital, Daws Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - K J Reynolds
- The Medical Device Research Institute, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - D Thewlis
- Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - E Perilli
- The Medical Device Research Institute, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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Roberts BC, Thewlis D, Solomon LB, Mercer G, Reynolds KJ, Perilli E. Systematic mapping of the subchondral bone 3D microarchitecture in the human tibial plateau: Variations with joint alignment. J Orthop Res 2017; 35:1927-1941. [PMID: 27891668 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Tibial subchondral bone plays an important role in knee osteoarthritis (OA). Microarchitectural characterization of subchondral bone plate (SBP), underlying subchondral trabecular bone (STB) and relationships between these compartments, however, is limited. The aim of this study was to characterize the spatial distribution of SBP thickness, SBP porosity and STB microarchitecture, and relationships among them, in OA tibiae of varying joint alignment. Twenty-five tibial plateaus from end-stage knee-OA patients, with varus (n = 17) or non-varus (n = 8) alignment were micro-CT scanned (17 μm/voxel). SBP and STB microarchitecture was quantified via a systematic mapping in 22 volumes of interest per knee (11 medial, 11 lateral). Significant within-condylar and between-condylar (medial vs. lateral) differences (p < 0.05) were found. In varus, STB bone volume fraction (BV/TV) was consistently high throughout the medial condyle, whereas in non-varus, medially, it was more heterogeneously distributed. Regions of high SBP thickness were co-located with regions of high STB BV/TV underneath. In varus, BV/TV was significantly higher medially than laterally, however, not so in non-varus. Moreover, region-specific significant associations between the SBP thickness and SBP porosity and the underlying STB microarchitecture were detected, which in general were not captured when considering the values averaged for each condyle. As subchondral bone changes reflect responses to local mechanical and biochemical factors within the joint, our results suggest that joint alignment influences both the medial-to-lateral and the within-condyle distribution of force across the tibia, generating corresponding local bony responses (adaptation) of both the subchondral bone plate and underlying subchondral trabecular bone microarchitecture. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:1927-1941, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryant C Roberts
- The Medical Device Research Institute, School of Computer Science, Engineering and Mathematics, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Dominic Thewlis
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Lucian B Solomon
- Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Graham Mercer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Repatriation General Hospital, Daws Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Karen J Reynolds
- The Medical Device Research Institute, School of Computer Science, Engineering and Mathematics, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Egon Perilli
- The Medical Device Research Institute, School of Computer Science, Engineering and Mathematics, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
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Touraine S, Bouhadoun H, Engelke K, Laredo JD, Chappard C. Influence of meniscus on cartilage and subchondral bone features of knees from older individuals: A cadaver study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181956. [PMID: 28797093 PMCID: PMC5552215 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Cartilage and subchondral bone form a functional unit. Here, we aimed to examine the effect of meniscus coverage on the characteristics of this unit in knees of older individuals. Methods We assessed the hyaline cartilage, subchondral cortical plate (SCP), and subchondral trabecular bone in areas covered or uncovered by the meniscus from normal cadaver knees (without degeneration). Bone cores harvested from the medial tibial plateau at locations uncovered (central), partially covered (posterior), and completely covered (peripheral) by the meniscus were imaged by micro-CT. The following were measured on images: cartilage volume (Cart.Vol, mm3) and thickness (Cart.Th, mm); SCP thickness (SCP.Th, μm) and porosity (SCP.Por, %); bone volume to total volume fraction (BV/TV, %); trabecular thickness (Tb.Th, μm), spacing (Tb.Sp, μm), and number (Tb.N, 1/mm); structure model index (SMI); trabecular pattern factor (Tb.Pf); and degree of anisotropy (DA). Results Among the 28 specimens studied (18 females) from individuals with mean age 82.8±10.2 years, cartilage and SCP were thicker at the central site uncovered by the meniscus than the posterior and peripheral sites, and Cart.Vol was greater. SCP.Por was highest in posterior samples. In the upper 1–5 mm of subchondral bone, central samples were characterized by higher values for BV/TV, Tb.N, Tb.Th, and connectivity (Tb.Pf), a more plate-like trabecular structure and lower anisotropy than with other samples. Deeper down, at 6–10 mm, the differences were slightly higher for Tb.Th centrally, DA peripherally and SMI posteriorly. Conclusions The coverage or not by meniscus in the knee of older individuals is significantly associated with Cart.Th, SCP.Th, SCP.Por and trabecular microarchitectural parameters in the most superficial 5 mm and to a lesser extent the deepest area of subchondral trabecular bone. These results suggest an effect of differences in local loading conditions. In subchondral bone uncovered by the meniscus, the trabecular architecture resembles that of highly loaded areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Touraine
- B2OA, UMR CNRS 7052, University Paris Diderot, Paris, France
- Service de Radiologie Ostéo-Articulaire, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France
| | - Hamid Bouhadoun
- B2OA, UMR CNRS 7052, University Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Klaus Engelke
- Institute of Medical Physics, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jean Denis Laredo
- B2OA, UMR CNRS 7052, University Paris Diderot, Paris, France
- Service de Radiologie Ostéo-Articulaire, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France
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Wili P, Maquer G, Panyasantisuk J, Zysset PK. Estimation of the effective yield properties of human trabecular bone using nonlinear micro-finite element analyses. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10237-017-0928-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Effect of including damage at the tissue level in the nonlinear homogenisation of trabecular bone. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2017; 16:1681-1695. [PMID: 28500359 PMCID: PMC5599493 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-017-0913-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Being able to predict bone fracture or implant stability needs a proper constitutive model of trabecular bone at the macroscale in multiaxial, non-monotonic loading modes. Its macroscopic damage behaviour has been investigated experimentally in the past, mostly with the restriction of uniaxial cyclic loading experiments for different samples, which does not allow for the investigation of several load cases in the same sample as damage in one direction may affect the behaviour in other directions. Homogenised finite element models of whole bones have the potential to assess complicated scenarios and thus improve clinical predictions. The aim of this study is to use a homogenisation-based multiscale procedure to upscale the damage behaviour of bone from an assumed solid phase constitutive law and investigate its multiaxial behaviour for the first time. Twelve cubic specimens were each submitted to nine proportional strain histories by using a parallel code developed in-house. Evolution of post-elastic properties for trabecular bone was assessed for a small range of macroscopic plastic strains in these nine load cases. Damage evolution was found to be non-isotropic, and both damage and hardening were found to depend on the loading mode (tensile, compression or shear); both were characterised by linear laws with relatively high coefficients of determination. It is expected that the knowledge of the macroscopic behaviour of trabecular bone gained in this study will help in creating more precise continuum FE models of whole bones that improve clinical predictions.
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Kreipke TC, Niebur GL. Anisotropic Permeability of Trabecular Bone and its Relationship to Fabric and Architecture: A Computational Study. Ann Biomed Eng 2017; 45:1543-1554. [DOI: 10.1007/s10439-017-1805-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Nazemi SM, Amini M, Kontulainen SA, Milner JS, Holdsworth DW, Masri BA, Wilson DR, Johnston JD. Optimizing finite element predictions of local subchondral bone structural stiffness using neural network-derived density-modulus relationships for proximal tibial subchondral cortical and trabecular bone. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2017; 41:1-8. [PMID: 27842233 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quantitative computed tomography based subject-specific finite element modeling has potential to clarify the role of subchondral bone alterations in knee osteoarthritis initiation, progression, and pain. However, it is unclear what density-modulus equation(s) should be applied with subchondral cortical and subchondral trabecular bone when constructing finite element models of the tibia. Using a novel approach applying neural networks, optimization, and back-calculation against in situ experimental testing results, the objective of this study was to identify subchondral-specific equations that optimized finite element predictions of local structural stiffness at the proximal tibial subchondral surface. METHODS Thirteen proximal tibial compartments were imaged via quantitative computed tomography. Imaged bone mineral density was converted to elastic moduli using multiple density-modulus equations (93 total variations) then mapped to corresponding finite element models. For each variation, root mean squared error was calculated between finite element prediction and in situ measured stiffness at 47 indentation sites. Resulting errors were used to train an artificial neural network, which provided an unlimited number of model variations, with corresponding error, for predicting stiffness at the subchondral bone surface. Nelder-Mead optimization was used to identify optimum density-modulus equations for predicting stiffness. FINDINGS Finite element modeling predicted 81% of experimental stiffness variance (with 10.5% error) using optimized equations for subchondral cortical and trabecular bone differentiated with a 0.5g/cm3 density. INTERPRETATION In comparison with published density-modulus relationships, optimized equations offered improved predictions of local subchondral structural stiffness. Further research is needed with anisotropy inclusion, a smaller voxel size and de-blurring algorithms to improve predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Majid Nazemi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
| | - Morteza Amini
- Institute for Lightweight Design and Structural Biomechanics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Jaques S Milner
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Canada
| | | | - Bassam A Masri
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of British Columbia, Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, Vancouver, Canada
| | - David R Wilson
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of British Columbia, Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, Vancouver, Canada
| | - James D Johnston
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
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Bishop PJ, Clemente CJ, Hocknull SA, Barrett RS, Lloyd DG. The effects of cracks on the quantification of the cancellous bone fabric tensor in fossil and archaeological specimens: a simulation study. J Anat 2016; 230:461-470. [PMID: 27896808 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancellous bone is very sensitive to its prevailing mechanical environment, and study of its architecture has previously aided interpretations of locomotor biomechanics in extinct animals or archaeological populations. However, quantification of architectural features may be compromised by poor preservation in fossil and archaeological specimens, such as post mortem cracking or fracturing. In this study, the effects of post mortem cracks on the quantification of cancellous bone fabric were investigated through the simulation of cracks in otherwise undamaged modern bone samples. The effect on both scalar (degree of fabric anisotropy, fabric elongation index) and vector (principal fabric directions) variables was assessed through comparing the results of architectural analyses of cracked vs. non-cracked samples. Error was found to decrease as the relative size of the crack decreased, and as the orientation of the crack approached the orientation of the primary fabric direction. However, even in the best-case scenario simulated, error remained substantial, with at least 18% of simulations showing a > 10% error when scalar variables were considered, and at least 6.7% of simulations showing a > 10° error when vector variables were considered. As a 10% (scalar) or 10° (vector) difference is probably too large for reliable interpretation of a fossil or archaeological specimen, these results suggest that cracks should be avoided if possible when analysing cancellous bone architecture in such specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Bishop
- Geosciences Program, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.,School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University, Southport, Qld, Australia.,Innovations in Health Technology, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Gold Coast, Qld, Australia
| | - Christofer J Clemente
- School of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, Qld, Australia
| | - Scott A Hocknull
- Geosciences Program, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.,School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University, Southport, Qld, Australia.,Innovations in Health Technology, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Gold Coast, Qld, Australia
| | - Rod S Barrett
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University, Southport, Qld, Australia.,Innovations in Health Technology, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Gold Coast, Qld, Australia.,Gold Coast Orthopaedic Research and Education Alliance, Gold Coast, Qld, Australia
| | - David G Lloyd
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University, Southport, Qld, Australia.,Innovations in Health Technology, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Gold Coast, Qld, Australia.,Gold Coast Orthopaedic Research and Education Alliance, Gold Coast, Qld, Australia
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Altered architecture and cell populations affect bone marrow mechanobiology in the osteoporotic human femur. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2016; 16:841-850. [DOI: 10.1007/s10237-016-0856-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Levrero-Florencio F, Manda K, Margetts L, Pankaj P. Nonlinear homogenisation of trabecular bone: Effect of solid phase constitutive model. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2016; 231:405-414. [PMID: 28427317 DOI: 10.1177/0954411916676220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Micro-finite element models have been extensively employed to evaluate the elastic properties of trabecular bone and, to a limited extent, its yield behaviour. The macroscopic stiffness tensor and yield surface are of special interest since they are essential in the prediction of bone strength and stability of implants at the whole bone level. While macroscopic elastic properties are now well understood, yield and post-yield properties are not. The aim of this study is to shed some light on what the effect of the solid phase yield criterion is on the macroscopic yield of trabecular bone for samples with different microstructure. Three samples with very different density were subjected to a large set of apparent load cases (which is important since physiological loading is complex and can have multiple components in stress or strain space) with two different solid phase yield criteria: Drucker-Prager and eccentric-ellipsoid. The study found that these two criteria led to small differences in the macroscopic yield strains for most load cases except for those that were compression-dominated; in these load cases, the yield strains for the Drucker-Prager criterion were significantly higher. Higher density samples resulted in higher differences between the two criteria. This work provides a comprehensive assessment of the effect of two different solid phase yield criteria on the macroscopic yield strains of trabecular bone, for a wide range of load cases, and for samples with different morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Krishnagoud Manda
- 1 Institute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lee Margetts
- 2 School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering The University of Manchester Sackville Street Manchester, UK
| | - Pankaj Pankaj
- 1 Institute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Piccinini M, Cugnoni J, Botsis J, Ammann P, Wiskott A. Numerical prediction of peri-implant bone adaptation: Comparison of mechanical stimuli and sensitivity to modeling parameters. Med Eng Phys 2016; 38:1348-1359. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Stender ME, Carpenter RD, Regueiro RA, Ferguson VL. An evolutionary model of osteoarthritis including articular cartilage damage, and bone remodeling in a computational study. J Biomech 2016; 49:3502-3508. [PMID: 27717548 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
With osteoarthritis, a complex set of progressive chemical, biological, and mechanical changes occur in both cartilage and bone. The aim of this study is to develop a high-fidelity computational model of the complete bone-cartilage unit to study the evolution of osterarthritis-induced articular cartilage (AC) damage and remodeling of subchondral cortical bone (SCB) and subchondral trabecular bone (STB). A finite element model of spherical indentation was developed with a depth-dependent anisotropic model of degenerating articular cartilage, a calcified cartilage (CC) zone, and SCB and STB remodeling regions. Calcified tissue (CC, SCB, and STB) and AC material regions were integrated to form an evolutionary bone-cartilage unit model. Results indicate that with indentation loading, articular cartilage damage occurs at the articular surface. Furthermore, bone remodeling was predicted to occur with a net stiffening of the subchondral bone plate. Changes in indentation force were minimal (<2%) between initial and final peak indentation loading. However, additional degradation and wear of AC and/or alterations in loading may have more pronounced effects on the mechanical response of the bone-cartilage unit. Bone remodeling and articular cartilage damage predictions are consistent with experimental observations that cartilage damage begins at the articular surface and subchondral bone experiences a thickening (i.e., stiffening) response with osteoarthritis. Our results provide insight into the early-term initiation behavior of osteoarthritis; the potential consequences of evolutions in AC, SCB, and STB with disease progression; and may guide future experimental and computational studies to elucidate mechanisms of osteoarthritis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Stender
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, United States
| | - R Dana Carpenter
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, United States
| | - Richard A Regueiro
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, CO 80309, United States
| | - Virginia L Ferguson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, United States.
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Stender ME, Regueiro RA, Ferguson VL. A poroelastic finite element model of the bone–cartilage unit to determine the effects of changes in permeability with osteoarthritis. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2016; 20:319-331. [DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2016.1233326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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50
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den Dunnen S, Dankelman J, Kerkhoffs GM, Tuijthof GJ. How do jet time, pressure and bone volume fraction influence the drilling depth when waterjet drilling in porcine bone? J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2016; 62:495-503. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2016.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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