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Graikini D, García L, Abad I, Lavilla M, Puértolas E, Pérez MD, Sánchez L. Antirotaviral activity of dairy byproducts enriched in fractions from hyperimmune bovine colostrum: the effect of thermal and high hydrostatic pressure treatments. Food Funct 2024; 15:2265-2281. [PMID: 38319687 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo05250h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Nowadays, rotaviruses remain a major health burden, especially in developing countries, and strategies complementary to vaccination are needed. In this view, dairy fractions have attracted great scientific interest, due to their high content of bioactive compounds. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antiviral activity of whey and buttermilk enriched in proteins from hyperimmune bovine colostrum (HBC) against rotavirus. The enriched fractions were spray-dried and subsequently tested for their neutralizing activity against the bovine rotavirus WC3 strain in vitro, using differentiated Caco-2/TC7 cells. The highest antirotaviral activity was observed when whey and buttermilk were enriched in purified immunoglobulin G (IgG), showing complete rotavirus neutralization at concentrations of 3 and 6 mg mL-1 for whey and buttermilk, respectively. Additionally, the use of a crude immunoglobulin fraction also gave satisfactory results. The inhibitory activities of all samples significantly decreased after the application of heat, except for the IgG-enriched buttermilk which showed a slight increase of activity following the application of short-time treatments (75 or 85 °C for 20 s). This sample also showed a significant increase of activity (13%) after the application of low-intensity high hydrostatic pressure treatment (400 MPa for 5 min). The maximum loss of bioactivity was observed at 600 MPa for 10 min (31 and 20% for whey- and buttermilk-based formulas, respectively). This study provides relevant information on the potential of whey, buttermilk, and HBC to be part of functional products as complementary strategies to combat rotavirus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Graikini
- Departmento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragon (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Laura García
- Departmento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Inés Abad
- Departmento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragon (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Lavilla
- AZTI-BRTA, Food Research-Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Astondo Bidea, edificio 609, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Eduardo Puértolas
- AZTI-BRTA, Food Research-Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Astondo Bidea, edificio 609, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - María Dolores Pérez
- Departmento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragon (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Lourdes Sánchez
- Departmento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragon (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain
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2
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Islam MKB, Kenneth Marcus R. Loading characteristics of streptavidin on polypropylene capillary channeled polymer fibers and capture performance towards biotinylated proteins. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:6711-6721. [PMID: 37740120 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04948-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
The development of higher-throughput, potentially lower-cost means to isolate proteins, for a variety of end uses, is of continuing emphasis. Polypropylene (PP) capillary-channeled polymer (C-CP) fiber columns are modified with the biotin-binding protein streptavidin (SAV) to capture biotinylated proteins. The loading characteristics of SAV on fiber supports were determined using breakthrough curves and frontal analysis. Based on adsorption data, a 3-min on-column loading at a flow rate of 0.5 mL min-1 (295.2 cm h-1) with a SAV feed concentration of 0.5 mg mL-1 produces a SAV loading capacity of 1.4 mg g-1 fiber. SAV has an incredibly high affinity for the small-molecule biotin (10-14 M), such that this binding relationship can be exploited by labeling a target protein with biotin via an Avi-tag. To evaluate the capture of the biotinylated proteins on the modified PP surface, the biotinylated versions of bovine serum albumin (b-BSA) and green fluorescent protein (b-GFP) were utilized as probe species. The loading buffer composition and flow rate were optimized towards protein capture. The non-ionic detergent Tween-20 was added to the deposition solutions to minimize non-specific binding. Values of 0.25-0.50% (v/v) Tween-20 in PBS exhibited better capture efficiency, while minimizing the non-specific binding for b-BSA and b-GFP, respectively. The C-CP fiber platform has the potential to provide a fast and low-cost method to capture targeted proteins for applications including protein purification or pull-down assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Khalid Bin Islam
- Department of Chemistry, Biosystems Research Complex, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634-0973, USA
| | - R Kenneth Marcus
- Department of Chemistry, Biosystems Research Complex, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634-0973, USA.
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3
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Di Nardo F, Anfossi L, Baggiani C. MIP-based immunoassays: A critical review. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1277:341547. [PMID: 37604627 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Molecularly imprinted polymers, MIPs, are man-made receptors mimicking the thermodynamic and kinetic binding behaviour of natural antibodies. Therefore, it is not surprising that many researchers have thought about MIPs as artificial receptors in immunoassay-like analytical applications, where the general machinery of the assay is maintained, but the molecular recognition is no longer assured by an antibody but by an artificial receptor. However, the number of papers devoted explicitly to applications of MIPs in the immunoassay field is quite limited if compared to the huge number of papers covering the multifaceted molecular imprinting technology. For this reason, this critical review wants to give a general view of MIP-based immunoassays, trying to highlight the critical points that have so far prevented a wider application of molecular imprinting technology in the immunoassay field and, possibly, try to suggest strategies to overcome them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Di Nardo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, via Giuria 7, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Laura Anfossi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, via Giuria 7, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Claudio Baggiani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, via Giuria 7, 10125, Torino, Italy.
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4
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Doltade S, Saldanha M, Patil V, Dandekar P, Jain R. Statistically-aided development of protein A affinity chromatography for enhancing recovery and controlling quality of a monoclonal antibody. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1227:123829. [PMID: 37478555 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Protein A chromatography is widely used for isolation of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from cell culture components. In this study, the effect of different process parameters of the Protein A purification namely, binding pH, elution pH, flow rate, neutralization pH and tween concentration, on the concentration and quality of the purified mAb were evaluated. Using design of experiments approach, the critical process parameters of protein A chromatography were identified and experimentally optimized. Their impact on quality attributes, such as size variants and charge variants, of the mAb was studied. Multivariate data analysis was subsequently performed using multiple linear regression and partial least squares regression methods. It was observed that the elution pH primarily governed the concentration of the purified mAb and the content of monomers and aggregates, while the tween concentration primarily influenced the main peak of the charge variants. This is the first study that evaluates the impact of tween concentration in buffers on the protein A chromatography purification step. These studies helped in identifying the design space and defining the target robust and optimal setpoints of the responses, which were subsequently verified experimentally. These setpoints not only passed the target criteria but also resulted in the highest recoveries during the investigation. Through this statistically-aided approach, an optimized and robust protein A chromatography process was rationally developed for purification of mAbs, while achieving the desired product quality. This study highlights the influence of multiple parameters of the protein A purification process on critical quality attributes of mAbs, such as the size and charge variants, which has been a very scarcely explored area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashikant Doltade
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Marianne Saldanha
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Vaibhav Patil
- Sartorius Stedim India Private Limited, No. 69/2 & 69/3, Jakkasandra, Nelamangala, Bangalore 562123, India
| | - Prajakta Dandekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India.
| | - Ratnesh Jain
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India.
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5
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Liu J, Allo B, Winnik MA. Development of Multiplexed Bead-Based Immunoassays for Profiling Soluble Cytokines and CD163 Using Mass Cytometry. ACS MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AU 2022; 2:629-640. [PMID: 36573076 PMCID: PMC9783081 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.2c00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Bead-based immunoassays are multiparametric analysis allowing for the simultaneous quantification of a large number of biomarkers within a single sample. Mass cytometry is an emerging cytometric technique that offers a high multiplexing capacity in a high-throughput setting but has not yet been applied to bead-based assays. In this study, we developed a multiplex bead-based immunoassay of cytokines and CD163 designed for mass cytometry (MC). A set of 11 types of lanthanide-encoded microbeads were synthesized by two-stage dispersion polymerization as classifier candidates for the assay. These beads were then decorated with different Abs on the surface to capture the target cytokines in solution. Gold nanoparticles were employed as reporters to identify the binding of target cytokines on the classifier surface. As a proof-of-concept study, we first developed four-plex and nine-plex assays of mixtures of cytokines in standard solutions. The MC signal intensities of these immunoassays were responsive to the concentration differences in the standard solutions with high detection sensitivities at low analyte concentrations. Finally, we examined a sample of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with the nine-plex assay, comparing an unstimulated sample with a sample stimulated to promote cytokine secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyi Liu
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Bedilu Allo
- Fluidigm
Canada (now Standard BioTools Canada), 1380 Rodick Road, Markham, Ontario L3R 4G5, Canada
| | - Mitchell A. Winnik
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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6
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Method development workflow for quantifying protein biomarkers by hybrid LC-MS/MS. Bioanalysis 2022; 14:985-1004. [PMID: 36066044 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2022-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Industry-standard guidance on method development and validation of hybrid LC-MS/MS assays for protein biomarkers, particularly on evaluation of parallelism, is lacking. Methods: Using a protein endogenous to humans and mice as a model analyte, a quantitative hybrid LC-MS/MS workflow was developed using a surrogate matrix approach with a recombinant form of the protein as the calibrant. Results: The developed workflow identified a surrogate matrix, established parallelism between the surrogate and authentic matrices and assessed parallelism between the recombinant and authentic forms of the protein. The final method was qualified using precision and accuracy with recovery assessments. Conclusion: The established workflow can be used in future bioanalytical studies to develop effective hybrid LC-MS/MS methods for endogenous protein biomarkers.
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Traoré A, Guindo MA, Konaté D, Traoré B, Diakité SA, Kanté S, Dembélé A, Cissé A, Incandela NC, Kodio M, Coulibaly YI, Faye O, Kajava AV, Pratesi F, Migliorini P, Papini AM, Pacini L, Rovero P, Errante F, Diakité M, Arevalo-Herrera M, Herrera S, Corradin G, Balam S. Seroreactivity of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Recombinant S Protein, Receptor-Binding Domain, and Its Receptor-Binding Motif in COVID-19 Patients and Their Cross-Reactivity With Pre-COVID-19 Samples From Malaria-Endemic Areas. Front Immunol 2022; 13:856033. [PMID: 35585976 PMCID: PMC9109707 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.856033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the global interest and the unprecedented number of scientific studies triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic, few data are available from developing and low-income countries. In these regions, communities live under the threat of various transmissible diseases aside from COVID-19, including malaria. This study aims to determine the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) seroreactivity of antibodies from COVID-19 and pre-COVID-19 samples of individuals in Mali (West Africa). Blood samples from COVID-19 patients (n = 266) at Bamako Dermatology Hospital (HDB) and pre-COVID-19 donors (n = 283) from a previous malaria survey conducted in Dangassa village were tested by ELISA to assess IgG antibodies specific to the full-length spike (S) protein, the receptor-binding domain (RBD), and the receptor-binding motif (RBM436-507). Study participants were categorized by age, gender, treatment duration for COVID-19, and comorbidities. In addition, the cross-seroreactivity of samples from pre-COVID-19, malaria-positive patients against the three antigens was assessed. Recognition of the SARS-CoV-2 proteins by sera from COVID-19 patients was 80.5% for S, 71.1% for RBD, and 31.9% for RBM (p < 0.001). While antibody responses to S and RBD tended to be age-dependent, responses to RBM were not. Responses were not gender-dependent for any of the antigens. Higher antibody levels to S, RBD, and RBM at hospital entry were associated with shorter treatment durations, particularly for RBD (p < 0.01). In contrast, higher body weights negatively influenced the anti-S antibody response, and asthma and diabetes weakened the anti-RBM antibody responses. Although lower, a significant cross-reactive antibody response to S (21.9%), RBD (6.7%), and RBM (8.8%) was detected in the pre-COVID-19 and malaria samples. Cross-reactive antibody responses to RBM were mostly associated (p < 0.01) with the absence of current Plasmodium falciparum infection, warranting further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdouramane Traoré
- Immunogenetic Laboratory and Parasitology, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
| | - Merepen A. Guindo
- Immunogenetic Laboratory and Parasitology, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
| | - Drissa Konaté
- Immunogenetic Laboratory and Parasitology, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
| | - Bourama Traoré
- Department of Ministry of Health and Social Development, Hopital de Dermatologie de Bamako (HDB), Bamako, Mali
| | - Seidina A. Diakité
- Immunogenetic Laboratory and Parasitology, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
| | - Salimata Kanté
- Immunogenetic Laboratory and Parasitology, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
| | - Assitan Dembélé
- Immunogenetic Laboratory and Parasitology, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
| | - Abdourhamane Cissé
- Immunogenetic Laboratory and Parasitology, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
| | - Nathan C. Incandela
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Mamoudou Kodio
- Department of Ministry of Health and Social Development, Hopital de Dermatologie de Bamako (HDB), Bamako, Mali
| | - Yaya I. Coulibaly
- Department of Ministry of Health and Social Development, Hopital de Dermatologie de Bamako (HDB), Bamako, Mali
| | - Ousmane Faye
- Department of Ministry of Health and Social Development, Hopital de Dermatologie de Bamako (HDB), Bamako, Mali
| | - Andrey V. Kajava
- Montpellier Cell Biology Research Center (CRBM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Federico Pratesi
- Immuno-Allergology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paola Migliorini
- Immuno-Allergology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Papini
- Interdepartmental Research Unit of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Pacini
- Interdepartmental Research Unit of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Paolo Rovero
- Interdepartmental Research Unit of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nutraceutics, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Fosca Errante
- Interdepartmental Research Unit of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nutraceutics, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Mahamadou Diakité
- Immunogenetic Laboratory and Parasitology, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
| | - Myriam Arevalo-Herrera
- Department of Immunology, Malaria Vaccine and Drug Development Center, Cali, Colombia
- Department of Immunology, Caucaseco Scientific Research Center, Cali, Colombia
| | - Socrates Herrera
- Department of Immunology, Malaria Vaccine and Drug Development Center, Cali, Colombia
- Department of Immunology, Caucaseco Scientific Research Center, Cali, Colombia
| | | | - Saidou Balam
- Immunogenetic Laboratory and Parasitology, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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8
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Smith PM, Sutradhar I, Telmer M, Magar R, Farimani AB, Reeja-Jayan B. Isolating Specific vs. Non-Specific Binding Responses in Conducting Polymer Biosensors for Bio-Fingerprinting. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21196335. [PMID: 34640658 PMCID: PMC8512428 DOI: 10.3390/s21196335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A longstanding challenge for accurate sensing of biomolecules such as proteins concerns specifically detecting a target analyte in a complex sample (e.g., food) without suffering from nonspecific binding or interactions from the target itself or other analytes present in the sample. Every sensor suffers from this fundamental drawback, which limits its sensitivity, specificity, and longevity. Existing efforts to improve signal-to-noise ratio involve introducing additional steps to reduce nonspecific binding, which increases the cost of the sensor. Conducting polymer-based chemiresistive biosensors can be mechanically flexible, are inexpensive, label-free, and capable of detecting specific biomolecules in complex samples without purification steps, making them very versatile. In this paper, a poly (3,4-ethylenedioxyphene) (PEDOT) and poly (3-thiopheneethanol) (3TE) interpenetrating network on polypropylene–cellulose fabric is used as a platform for a chemiresistive biosensor, and the specific and nonspecific binding events are studied using the Biotin/Avidin and Gliadin/G12-specific complementary binding pairs. We observed that specific binding between these pairs results in a negative ΔR with the addition of the analyte and this response increases with increasing analyte concentration. Nonspecific binding was found to have the opposite response, a positive ΔR upon the addition of analyte was seen in nonspecific binding cases. We further demonstrate the ability of the sensor to detect a targeted protein in a dual-protein analyte solution. The machine-learning classifier, random forest, predicted the presence of Biotin with 75% accuracy in dual-analyte solutions. This capability of distinguishing between specific and nonspecific binding can be a step towards solving the problem of false positives or false negatives to which all biosensors are susceptible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phil M. Smith
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (P.M.S.); (M.T.); (R.M.); (A.B.F.)
| | - Indorica Sutradhar
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering & Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;
| | - Maxwell Telmer
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (P.M.S.); (M.T.); (R.M.); (A.B.F.)
| | - Rishikesh Magar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (P.M.S.); (M.T.); (R.M.); (A.B.F.)
| | - Amir Barati Farimani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (P.M.S.); (M.T.); (R.M.); (A.B.F.)
| | - B. Reeja-Jayan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (P.M.S.); (M.T.); (R.M.); (A.B.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(412)-268-4343
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9
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Yeoh SG, Sum JS, Lai JY, W Isa WYH, Lim TS. Potential of Phage Display Antibody Technology for Cardiovascular Disease Immunotherapy. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2021; 15:360-380. [PMID: 34467463 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-021-10169-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. CVD includes coronary artery diseases such as angina, myocardial infarction, and stroke. "Lipid hypothesis" which is also known as the cholesterol hypothesis proposes the linkage of plasma cholesterol level with the risk of developing CVD. Conventional management involves the use of statins to reduce the serum cholesterol levels as means for CVD prevention or treatment. The regulation of serum cholesterol levels can potentially be regulated with biological interventions like monoclonal antibodies. Phage display is a powerful tool for the development of therapeutic antibodies with successes over the recent decade. Although mainly for oncology, the application of monoclonal antibodies as immunotherapeutic agents could potentially be expanded to CVD. This review focuses on the concept of phage display for antibody development and discusses the potential target antigens that could potentially be beneficial for serum cholesterol management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Ghee Yeoh
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Jia Siang Sum
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Jing Yi Lai
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - W Y Haniff W Isa
- School of Medical Sciences, Department of Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Theam Soon Lim
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia.
- Analytical Biochemistry Research Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia.
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10
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Jiang X, Wu M, Albo J, Rao Q. Non-Specific Binding and Cross-Reaction of ELISA: A Case Study of Porcine Hemoglobin Detection. Foods 2021; 10:foods10081708. [PMID: 34441486 PMCID: PMC8394222 DOI: 10.3390/foods10081708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Different types of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) have been widely used to control food safety and quality. To develop an accurate and reproducible ELISA, false immunodetection results caused by non-specific binding (NSB) and cross-reaction must be prevented. During the case study of sandwich ELISA development for the detection of porcine hemoglobin (PHb), several critical factors leading to NSB and cross-reaction were found. First, to reduce the NSB of the target analyte, the selection of microplate and blocker was discussed. Second, cross-reactions between enzyme-labeled secondary antibodies and sample proteins were demonstrated. In addition, the function of (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) was evaluated. Overall, this study highlights the essence of both antibody and assay validation to minimize any false-positive/negative immunodetection results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyi Jiang
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA;
| | - Meng Wu
- Institute of Biology, Hebei Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050081, China;
| | - Jonathan Albo
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;
| | - Qinchun Rao
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-850-644-1829
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11
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Jørgensen MM, Sloth JK, Bæk R. Optimization of High-Throughput Multiplexed Phenotyping of Extracellular Vesicles Performed in 96-Well Microtiter Plates. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13142368. [PMID: 34301125 PMCID: PMC8309600 DOI: 10.3390/polym13142368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are promising biomarkers for several diseases, however, no simple and robust methods exist to characterize EVs in a clinical setting. The EV Array analysis is based on a protein microarray platform, where antibodies are printed onto a solid surface that enables the capture of small EVs (sEVs) by their surface or surface-associated proteins. The EV Array analysis was transferred to an easily handled microtiter plate (MTP) format and a range of optimization experiments were performed within this study. The optimization was performed in a comprehensive analytical setup where the focus was on the selection of additives added to spotting-, blocking-, and incubation buffers as well as the storage of printed antibody arrays under different temperatures from one day to 12 weeks. After ending the analysis, the stability of the fluorescent signal was investigated at different storage conditions for up to eight weeks. The various parameters and conditions tested within this study were shown to have a high influence on each other. The reactivity of the spots was found to be preserved for up to 12 weeks when stored at room temperature and using blocking procedure IV in combination with trehalose in the spotting buffer. Similar preservation could be obtained using glycerol or sciSPOT D1 in the spotting buffers, but only if stored at 4 °C after blocking procedure I. Conclusively, it was found that immediate scanning of the MTPs after analysis was not critical if stored dried, in the dark, and at room temperature. The findings in this study highlight the necessity of performing optimization experiments when transferring an established analysis to a new technological platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malene Møller Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark; (J.K.S.); (R.B.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
- Correspondence:
| | - Jenni Kathrine Sloth
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark; (J.K.S.); (R.B.)
| | - Rikke Bæk
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark; (J.K.S.); (R.B.)
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12
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Frutiger A, Tanno A, Hwu S, Tiefenauer RF, Vörös J, Nakatsuka N. Nonspecific Binding-Fundamental Concepts and Consequences for Biosensing Applications. Chem Rev 2021; 121:8095-8160. [PMID: 34105942 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nature achieves differentiation of specific and nonspecific binding in molecular interactions through precise control of biomolecules in space and time. Artificial systems such as biosensors that rely on distinguishing specific molecular binding events in a sea of nonspecific interactions have struggled to overcome this issue. Despite the numerous technological advancements in biosensor technologies, nonspecific binding has remained a critical bottleneck due to the lack of a fundamental understanding of the phenomenon. To date, the identity, cause, and influence of nonspecific binding remain topics of debate within the scientific community. In this review, we discuss the evolution of the concept of nonspecific binding over the past five decades based upon the thermodynamic, intermolecular, and structural perspectives to provide classification frameworks for biomolecular interactions. Further, we introduce various theoretical models that predict the expected behavior of biosensors in physiologically relevant environments to calculate the theoretical detection limit and to optimize sensor performance. We conclude by discussing existing practical approaches to tackle the nonspecific binding challenge in vitro for biosensing platforms and how we can both address and harness nonspecific interactions for in vivo systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Frutiger
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich CH-8092, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Tanno
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich CH-8092, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Hwu
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich CH-8092, Switzerland
| | - Raphael F Tiefenauer
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich CH-8092, Switzerland
| | - János Vörös
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich CH-8092, Switzerland
| | - Nako Nakatsuka
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich CH-8092, Switzerland
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13
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Han X, Lin H, Cao L, Chen X, Wang L, Zheng H, Zhang Z, Pavase TR, Wang S, Sun X, Sui J. Hapten-Branched Polyethylenimine as a New Antigen Affinity Ligand to Purify Antibodies with High Efficiency and Specificity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:58191-58200. [PMID: 33319977 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c15586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Purification of antibodies has become a critical factor in antibody production. A high-purity specific antibody against antigens, especially small molecules, seems to be difficult to obtain, even with the help of a protein A affinity column, which is a conventional and broadly used ligand for the separation of antibody and non-antibody proteins. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a cheap, simple, efficient, and stable method to separate the specific antibody from other antibodies. In this study, to improve the sensitivity and accuracy of immunoassay results, enrofloxacin (ENR) was grafted onto polyethylenimine (PEI) by the abundant amino groups and then the whole ligand (ENR-PEI) was conjugated to CNBr-Sepharose 4B to prepare the affinity column for the purification of the specific antibody against ENR from polyclonal antibodies. Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy verification showed that Sepharose 4B was successfully modified by ENR-PEI with excellent uniformity. The capacity of the prepared column could reach to 6.15 mg of specific antibody with high purity per milliliter resin due to the high coupling ratio (49.3:1) of ENR on PEI, and the IC50 value of the antibody after purification was 47.58 ng/mL with a lowest limit of detection (IC10) of 1.099 ng/mL-18 times lower than those of the antibody purified through the protein A column. All the results showed that this new kind of resin could be used as the potential ligand in the purification of the trace-specific antibody against antigens in complex mixtures with high efficiency and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangning Han
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Rd, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Hong Lin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Rd, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Limin Cao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Rd, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Xiangfeng Chen
- Shandong Analysis and Test Centre, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 19 Keyuan Rd, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Luefeng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Rd, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Hongwei Zheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Rd, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Ziang Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Rd, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Tushar Ramesh Pavase
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Rd, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Sai Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Rd, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Xun Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Rd, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Jianxin Sui
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Rd, Qingdao 266100, China
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14
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Moran IW, Sprachman MM, Bachman JL, Dahlhauser SD, Anslyn EV, Carter DJD. Capture and Release of Protein-Nanoparticle Conjugates by Reversible Covalent Molecular Linkers. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:2191-2200. [PMID: 32786373 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A hybrid approach to covalently detachable molecules for nanoparticle capture and release from several custom-functionalized surfaces is described. This new surface chemistry capability provides a means for reversible binding of functionalized nanoparticles without relying on costly nucleic acid-based complexation. A new surface linker motif was devised wherein custom molecules were synthesized with components for surface anchoring, cleavage, and target capture through biotin-streptavidin binding. All capture-and-release chemistry is performed using physiological conditions (aqueous, pH 7). Covalent cleavage of linker molecules was achieved through incorporation of a tunable orthogonal reversible covalent (TORC) hydrazone functional group which underwent exchange with a competitive hydrazide aided by an aniline catalyst. The influence of the linker architecture on hydrazone exchange and nanoparticle release was probed by altering the distance between hydrazone and biotin groups using different length PEG spacers. Cleavable linkers were used to functionalize microwells, magnetic separation beads, and gold-coated glass surfaces. Upon functionalization, all surface types bound streptavidin and conjugated nanoparticles regardless of the linker structure. Conversely, the extent of hydrazone exchange as well as release of nanoparticles were influenced both by the hydrazone surface density and the linker molecular structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac W Moran
- Charles Stark Draper Laboratory Incorpation, 555 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Melissa M Sprachman
- Charles Stark Draper Laboratory Incorpation, 555 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - James L Bachman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Samuel D Dahlhauser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Eric V Anslyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - David J D Carter
- Charles Stark Draper Laboratory Incorpation, 555 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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15
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Fujimoto N, Bade S, Röckendorf N, Ramaker K, Frey A. Polyethylene glycol-conjugated alkylamines - A novel class of surfactants for the saturation of immunoassay solid phase surfaces. Talanta 2020; 211:120741. [PMID: 32070605 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.120741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
All solid-phase immunoassay techniques depend on so-called blocking reagents to suppress the background that is caused by unwanted adhesion of assay system components to the solid support. Commonly used blocking reagents based on biological materials bear severe inherent drawbacks such as heterogeneity and cross-reactivity, while synthetic alternatives often show insufficient background prevention. In this study, polyethylene glycol-conjugated alkylamines were synthesized via a versatile building block approach and were studied as novel blocking reagent candidates in immunoassays. The newly developed substances outperformed commonly used blocking reagents in two different ELISA setups, enabling both, excellent prevention of non-specific binding and particularly high assay sensitivity. This class of surfactants therefore may contribute significantly to the field of assay technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naho Fujimoto
- Research Center Borstel - Leibniz Lung Center, Priority Area Asthma & Allergy, Division of Mucosal Immunology & Diagnostics, Member of Leibniz Health Technologies and of the German Center for Lung Research, Parkallee 22, 23845, Borstel, Germany
| | - Steffen Bade
- Research Center Borstel - Leibniz Lung Center, Priority Area Asthma & Allergy, Division of Mucosal Immunology & Diagnostics, Member of Leibniz Health Technologies and of the German Center for Lung Research, Parkallee 22, 23845, Borstel, Germany
| | - Niels Röckendorf
- Research Center Borstel - Leibniz Lung Center, Priority Area Asthma & Allergy, Division of Mucosal Immunology & Diagnostics, Member of Leibniz Health Technologies and of the German Center for Lung Research, Parkallee 22, 23845, Borstel, Germany
| | - Katrin Ramaker
- Research Center Borstel - Leibniz Lung Center, Priority Area Asthma & Allergy, Division of Mucosal Immunology & Diagnostics, Member of Leibniz Health Technologies and of the German Center for Lung Research, Parkallee 22, 23845, Borstel, Germany
| | - Andreas Frey
- Research Center Borstel - Leibniz Lung Center, Priority Area Asthma & Allergy, Division of Mucosal Immunology & Diagnostics, Member of Leibniz Health Technologies and of the German Center for Lung Research, Parkallee 22, 23845, Borstel, Germany.
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16
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Lichtenberg JY, Ling Y, Kim S. Non-Specific Adsorption Reduction Methods in Biosensing. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 19:E2488. [PMID: 31159167 PMCID: PMC6603772 DOI: 10.3390/s19112488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Non-specific adsorption (NSA) is a persistent problem that negatively affects biosensors, decreasing sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility. Passive and active removal methods exist to remedy this issue, by coating the surface or generating surface forces to shear away weakly adhered biomolecules, respectively. However, many surface coatings are not compatible or effective for sensing, and thus active removal methods have been developed to combat this phenomenon. This review aims to provide an overview of methods of NSA reduction in biosensing, focusing on the shift from passive methods to active methods in the past decade. Attention is focused on protein NSA, due to their common use in biosensing for biomarker diagnostics. To our knowledge, this is the first review to comprehensively discuss active NSA removal methods. Lastly, the challenges and future perspectives of NSA reduction in biosensing are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessanne Y Lichtenberg
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA.
| | - Yue Ling
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA.
| | - Seunghyun Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA.
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17
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Lin AH, Zitnay JL, Li Y, Yu SM, Weiss JA. Microplate assay for denatured collagen using collagen hybridizing peptides. J Orthop Res 2019; 37:431-438. [PMID: 30474872 PMCID: PMC6576259 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop a microplate assay for quantifying denatured collagen by measuring the fluorescence of carboxyfluorescein bound collagen hybridizing peptides (F-CHP). We have shown that F-CHP binds selectively with denatured collagen, and that mechanical overload of tendon fascicles causes collagen denaturation. Proteinase K was used to homogenize tissue samples after F-CHP staining, allowing fluorescence measurement using a microplate reader. We compared our new assay to our previous image analysis method and the trypsin-hydroxyproline assay, which is the only other available method to directly quantify denatured collagen. Relative quantification of denatured collagen was performed in rat tail tendon fascicles subjected to incremental tensile overload, and normal and ostoeoarthritic guinea pig cartilage. In addition, the absolute amount of denatured collagen was determined in rat tail tendon by correlating F-CHP fluorescence with percent denatured collagen as determined by the trypsin-hydroxyproline assay. Rat tail tendon fascicles stretched to low strains (<7.5%) exhibited minimal denatured collagen, but values rapidly increased at medium strains (7.5-10.5%) and plateaued at high strains (≥12%). Osteoarthritic cartilage had higher F-CHP fluorescence than healthy cartilage. Both of these outcomes are consistent with previous studies. With the calibration curve, the microplate assay was able to absolutely quantify denatured collagen in mechanically damaged rat tail tendon fascicles as reliably as the trypsin-hydroxyproline assay. Further, we achieved these results more efficiently than current methods in a rapid, high-throughput manner, with multiple types of collagenous tissue while maintaining accuracy. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:431-438, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen H. Lin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah,Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, University of Utah
| | - Jared L. Zitnay
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah,Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, University of Utah
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah
| | - S. Michael Yu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah,Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah
| | - Jeffrey A. Weiss
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah,Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, University of Utah,Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah
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18
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Moritz CP, Tholance Y, Lassablière F, Camdessanché JP, Antoine JC. Reducing the risk of misdiagnosis of indirect ELISA by normalizing serum-specific background noise: The example of detecting anti-FGFR3 autoantibodies. J Immunol Methods 2019; 466:52-56. [PMID: 30654043 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is an important diagnostic method as it enables the quantification of the presence of autoantibodies in human blood sera. However, unspecific binding of antibodies to the solid phase causes considerable serum-specific background noise (SSBN), involving the risk of false positive diagnosis. Therefore, we present a simple and concise, yet obvious proof-of-principle of a recently suggested normalization method. The method is based on subtracting SSBN by using non-coated ELISA wells as a control for each serum-of-interest. We performed ELISA to quantify anti-fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) antibody levels in three positive controls (two anti-FGFR3-positive patients and a rabbit antiserum against FGFR3) and 58 negative controls (healthy blood donors). In all subjects, we found considerable unspecific reactivity which strongly varied among subjects. The conventional normalization method was not able to balance this strong SSBN, as demonstrated by 2/58 false positive healthy controls and one FGFR3-positive patient that was hidden in the noise (false negative). SSBN normalization reduced the frequency of false-positives to 0/58. Further, all three anti-FGFR3-positive sera were successfully detected and even doubled their z-score used to determine positivity. Albeit occupying more space on the ELISA plate, we strongly recommend considering this normalization method when working with blood sera. To better put the idea across to the community, we depict the SSBN issue and its solution in a graphic scheme. We conclude that SSBN normalization increases the sensitivity and specificity of indirect ELISA and thereby reduces the risk of false positive and false negative diagnosis. © 2019. Licensed under the Creative Commons [CC BY-NC 4.0 licence, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jim.2019.01.004].
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian P Moritz
- Synaptopathies and Autoantibodies, Faculty of Medicine Jacques Lisfranc, University Jean Monnet, University of Lyon, Saint-Étienne, France; Synaptopathies and Autoantibodies, Institut NeuroMyoGene INSERM U1217/CNRS UMR 5310, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.
| | - Yannick Tholance
- Synaptopathies and Autoantibodies, Faculty of Medicine Jacques Lisfranc, University Jean Monnet, University of Lyon, Saint-Étienne, France; Synaptopathies and Autoantibodies, Institut NeuroMyoGene INSERM U1217/CNRS UMR 5310, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France; Biochemistry Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Étienne, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - François Lassablière
- Synaptopathies and Autoantibodies, Faculty of Medicine Jacques Lisfranc, University Jean Monnet, University of Lyon, Saint-Étienne, France; Synaptopathies and Autoantibodies, Institut NeuroMyoGene INSERM U1217/CNRS UMR 5310, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Camdessanché
- Synaptopathies and Autoantibodies, Faculty of Medicine Jacques Lisfranc, University Jean Monnet, University of Lyon, Saint-Étienne, France; Synaptopathies and Autoantibodies, Institut NeuroMyoGene INSERM U1217/CNRS UMR 5310, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France; Neurology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Étienne, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Antoine
- Synaptopathies and Autoantibodies, Faculty of Medicine Jacques Lisfranc, University Jean Monnet, University of Lyon, Saint-Étienne, France; Synaptopathies and Autoantibodies, Institut NeuroMyoGene INSERM U1217/CNRS UMR 5310, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France; Neurology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Étienne, Saint-Étienne, France
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19
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Sensitivity and colour intensity enhancement in lateral flow immunoassay tests by adjustment of test line position. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 487:210-215. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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20
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Suh SH, Choi SJ, Dwivedi HP, Moore MD, Escudero-Abarca BI, Jaykus LA. Use of DNA aptamer for sandwich type detection of Listeria monocytogenes. Anal Biochem 2018; 557:27-33. [PMID: 29649475 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A single stranded (ss) DNA aptamer, specific to members of Listeria genus, was used to develop a two-site binding sandwich assay for capture and detection of L. monocytogenes. Antibody-immobilized immunomagnetic beads were used to capture L. monocytogenes, followed by their exposure to the aptamer detector. Detection was achieved by amplification of cell-bound aptamers by qPCR. The lower limit of detection for the combined assay was 2.5 CFU L. monocytogenes in 500 μl buffer. This is juxtaposed to a detection limit of 2.4 log10 CFU in 500 μl buffer for immunomagnetic separation coupled with qPCR detection of L. monocytogenes targeting the hly gene. When applied to turkey deli meat, subjected to 24 h of non-selective enrichment, the two-site binding sandwich assay showed positive results at initial inoculum levels of 1-2 log10 CFU per 25 g sample. Because of its lower limit of detection, the assay reported here could be useful for detection of L. monocytogenes in foods and environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Hwan Suh
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Soo Jung Choi
- Functional Food Research Center, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Hari P Dwivedi
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Matthew D Moore
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Blanca I Escudero-Abarca
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Lee-Ann Jaykus
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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21
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Cenci L, Piotto C, Bettotti P, Maria Bossi A. Study on molecularly imprinted nanoparticle modified microplates for pseudo-ELISA assays. Talanta 2018; 178:772-779. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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22
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Functionalized vertical GaN micro pillar arrays with high signal-to-background ratio for detection and analysis of proteins secreted from breast tumor cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14917. [PMID: 29097674 PMCID: PMC5668294 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14884-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The detection of cancer biomarkers has recently attracted significant attention as a means of determining the correct course of treatment with targeted therapeutics. However, because the concentration of these biomarkers in blood is usually relatively low, highly sensitive biosensors for fluorescence imaging and precise detection are needed. In this study, we have successfully developed vertical GaN micropillar (MP) based biosensors for fluorescence sensing and quantitative measurement of CA15-3 antigens. The highly ordered vertical GaN MP arrays result in the successful immobilization of CA15-3 antigens on each feature of the arrays, thereby allowing the detection of an individual fluorescence signal from the top surface of the arrays owing to the high regularity of fluorophore-tagged MP spots and relatively low background signal. Therefore, our fluorescence-labeled and CA15-3 functionalized vertical GaN-MP-based biosensor is suitable for the selective quantitative analysis of secreted CA15-3 antigens from MCF-7 cell lines, and helps in the early diagnosis and prognosis of serious diseases as well as the monitoring of the therapeutic response of breast cancer patients.
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23
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Pérez-Griera J, Andreu-Ballester JC, Hueso Zarandieta A, García de la Asunción J, Masquefa Bondia S. A quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for quantification of secretory immunoglobulin A in serum. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2016; 38:67-71. [PMID: 27454420 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2016.1216443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) in serum is possibly the best index of SIgA presence in mucosal secretions in digestive tract and the mirror of its immunologic barrier against many pathogenic aggressions. The measurement of salivary SigA alone may be affected by total salivary secretion and its final concentration in the gland lumen is probably not useful as an appropriate index of mucosal secretions in the digestive tract. The usefulness of the determination of SigA against various epitopes in serum from patients with various autoimmune disease has been demonstrated. The aetiology of many digestive related disorders could be triggered by an alteration of mucose SIgA barrier. The determination of Igs is important for different liver diseases and specifically the SIgA in autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. We developed an easy and efficient immunologic assay to quantify SIgA in serum samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Pérez-Griera
- a Biopathology Department , Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia , Valencia , Spain
| | | | | | - José García de la Asunción
- d Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care , Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia , Valencia , Spain
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24
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Wang D, Chin HY, He C, Stoykovich MP, Schwartz DK. Polymer Surface Transport Is a Combination of in-Plane Diffusion and Desorption-Mediated Flights. ACS Macro Lett 2016; 5:509-514. [PMID: 35607234 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.6b00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies of polymer motion at solid/liquid interfaces described the transport in the context of a continuous time random walk (CTRW) process, in which diffusion switches between desorption-mediated "flights" (i.e., hopping) and surface-adsorbed waiting-time intervals. However, it has been unclear whether the waiting times represented periods of complete immobility or times during which molecules engaged in a different (e.g., slower or confined) mode of interfacial transport. Here we designed high-throughput, single-molecule tracking measurements to address this question. Specifically, we studied polymer dynamics on either chemically homogeneous or nanopatterned surfaces (hexagonal diblock copolymer films) with chemically distinct domains, where polymers were essentially excluded from the low-affinity domains, eliminating the possibility of significant continuous diffusion in the absence of desorption-mediated flights. Indeed, the step-size distributions on homogeneous surfaces exhibited an additional diffusive mode that was missing on the chemically heterogeneous nanopatterned surfaces, confirming the presence of a slow continuous mode due to 2D in-plane diffusion. Kinetic Monte Carlo simulations were performed to test this model and, with the theoretical in-plane diffusion coefficient of D2D = 0.20 μm2/s, we found a good agreement between simulations and experimental data on both chemically homogeneous and nanopatterned surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Wang
- Department of Chemical and
Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Huai-Ying Chin
- Department of Chemical and
Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Chunlin He
- Department of Chemical and
Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Mark P. Stoykovich
- Department of Chemical and
Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Daniel K. Schwartz
- Department of Chemical and
Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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25
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Vuoriluoto M, Orelma H, Zhu B, Johansson LS, Rojas OJ. Control of Protein Affinity of Bioactive Nanocellulose and Passivation Using Engineered Block and Random Copolymers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:5668-5678. [PMID: 26844956 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b11737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We passivated TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils (TOCNF) toward human immunoglobulin G (hIgG) by modification with block and random copolymers of poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) and poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate) (POEGMA). The block copolymers reversibly adsorbed on TOCNF and were highly effective in preventing nonspecific interactions with hIgG, especially if short PDMAEMA blocks were used. In such cases, total protein rejection was achieved. This is in contrast to typical blocking agents, which performed poorly. When an anti-human IgG biointerface was installed onto the passivated TOCNF, remarkably high affinity antibody-antigen interactions were observed (0.90 ± 0.09 mg/m(2)). This is in contrast to the nonpassivated biointerface, which resulted in a significant false response. In addition, regeneration of the biointerface was possible by low pH aqueous wash. Protein A from Staphylococcus aureus was also utilized to successfully increase the sensitivity for human IgG recognition (1.28 ± 0.11 mg/m(2)). Overall, the developed system based on TOCNF modified with multifunctional polymers can be easily deployed as bioactive material with minimum fouling and excellent selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maija Vuoriluoto
- Biobased Colloids and Materials (BiCMat), Department of Forest Products Technology, School of Chemical Technology, Aalto University , FI-00076, Espoo, Finland
| | - Hannes Orelma
- Biobased Colloids and Materials (BiCMat), Department of Forest Products Technology, School of Chemical Technology, Aalto University , FI-00076, Espoo, Finland
| | - Baolei Zhu
- DWI-Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials Research , Forckenbeckstr. 50, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Leena-Sisko Johansson
- Biobased Colloids and Materials (BiCMat), Department of Forest Products Technology, School of Chemical Technology, Aalto University , FI-00076, Espoo, Finland
| | - Orlando J Rojas
- Biobased Colloids and Materials (BiCMat), Department of Forest Products Technology, School of Chemical Technology, Aalto University , FI-00076, Espoo, Finland
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Miura T, Nagamune T, Kawahara M. Ligand-inducible dimeric antibody for selecting antibodies against a membrane protein based on mammalian cell proliferation. Biotechnol Bioeng 2015; 113:1113-23. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.25858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Miura
- Department of Bioengineering; Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Teruyuki Nagamune
- Department of Bioengineering; Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology; Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo; 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku; Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Masahiro Kawahara
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology; Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo; 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku; Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
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Hakami AR, Ball JK, Tarr AW. Non-ionic detergents facilitate non-specific binding of M13 bacteriophage to polystyrene surfaces. J Virol Methods 2015; 221:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2015.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Sato S, Ikemi M, Kikuchi T, Matsumura S, Shiba K, Fujita M. Bridging Adhesion of a Protein onto an Inorganic Surface Using Self-Assembled Dual-Functionalized Spheres. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:12890-6. [PMID: 26190770 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b06184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
For the bridging adhesion of different classes of materials in their intact functional states, the adhesion of biomolecules onto inorganic surfaces is a necessity. A new molecular design strategy for bridging adhesion was demonstrated by the introduction of two independent recognition groups on the periphery of spherical complexes self-assembled from metal ions (M) and bidentate ligands (L). These dual-functionalized M12L24 spheres were quantitatively synthesized in one step from two ligands, bearing either a biotin for streptavidin recognition or a titania-binding aptamer, and Pd(II) ions. The selective recognition of titania surfaces was achieved by ligands with hexapeptide aptamers (Arg-Lys-Leu-Pro-Asp-Ala: minTBP-1), whose fixation ability was enhanced by the accumulation effect on the surface of the M12L24 spheres. These well-defined spherical structures can be specifically tailored to promote interactions with both titania and streptavidin simultaneously without detrimentally affecting either recognition motif. The irreversible immobilization of the spheres onto titania was revealed quantitatively by quartz crystal microbalance measurements, and the adhesion of streptavidin to the titania surface mediated by the biotin surrounding the spheres was visually demonstrated by lithographic patterning experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sota Sato
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Ikemi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takashi Kikuchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Sachiko Matsumura
- Division of Protein Engineering, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research , 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Shiba
- Division of Protein Engineering, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research , 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - Makoto Fujita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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Lin CY, Li LT, Su WT. Three dimensional chitosan scaffolds influence the extra cellular matrix expression in Schwann cells. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 42:474-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.05.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Tacha DE, McKinney L. Casein Reduces Nonspecific Background Staining in Immunolabeling Techniques. J Histotechnol 2013. [DOI: 10.1179/his.1992.15.2.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Li G, Liu Y, Liu Y, Chen L, Wu S, Liu Y, Li X. Photoaffinity Labeling of Small-Molecule-Binding Proteins by DNA-Templated Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:9544-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201302161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Li G, Liu Y, Liu Y, Chen L, Wu S, Liu Y, Li X. Photoaffinity Labeling of Small-Molecule-Binding Proteins by DNA-Templated Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201302161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Lumor SE, Fredrickson NR, Ronningen I, Deen BD, Smith K, Diez-Gonzalez F, Labuza TP. Comparison of the presence of Shiga toxin 1 in food matrices as determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and a biological activity assay. J Food Prot 2012; 75:1036-42. [PMID: 22691470 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-11-372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to compare the identification of Shiga toxin 1 (Stx1) based on its specific biological activity and based on results of a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Stx1 was thermally treated for various periods in phosphate-buffered saline, milk, and orange juice. The residual Stx1 concentration was determined with the commercial ELISA kit, and its residual enzymatic activity (amount of adenine released from a 2,551-bp DNA substrate) was determined with a biological activity assay (BAA). Regression analysis indicated that the inactivation of Stx1 as a function of time followed first-order kinetics. The half-lives determined at 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, and 85°C were 9.96, 3.19, 2.67, 0.72, 0.47, and 0.29 min, respectively, using the BAA. The half-lives determined by the ELISA with thermal treatments at 70, 75, 80, and 85°C were 40.47, 11.03, 3.64, and 1.40 min, respectively. The Z, Q(10), and Arrhenius activation energy values derived by both assays were dissimilar, indicating that the rate of inactivation of the active site of Stx1 was less sensitive to temperature change than was denaturation of the epitope(s) used in the ELISA. These values were 10.28°C and 9.40 and 54.70 kcal/mol, respectively, with the ELISA and 16°C and 4.11 and 34 kcal/mol, respectively, with the BAA. Orange juice enhanced Stx1 inactivation as a function of increasing temperature, whereas inactivation in 2% milk was not very much different from that in phosphate-buffered saline. Our investigation indicates that the ELISA would be a reliable method for detecting the residual toxicity of heat-treated Stx1 because the half-lives determined with the ELISA were greater than those determined with the BAA (faster degradation) at all temperatures and were highly correlated (R(2) = 0.994) with those determined with the BAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen E Lumor
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, 1334 Eckles Avenue, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA
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Wakayama J, Sugiyama S. Evaluation of Temperature Effect on the Interaction between β-Lactoglobulin and Anti-β-lactoglobulin Antibody by Atomic Force Microscopy. Biochemistry 2011; 51:32-42. [DOI: 10.1021/bi201245k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun’ichi Wakayama
- Nano-Biotechnology Laboratory, Food
Engineering Division, National Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan
| | - Shigeru Sugiyama
- Nano-Biotechnology Laboratory, Food
Engineering Division, National Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan
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Stuchinskaya T, Moreno M, Cook MJ, Edwards DR, Russell DA. Targeted photodynamic therapy of breast cancer cells using antibody-phthalocyanine-gold nanoparticle conjugates. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2011; 10:822-31. [PMID: 21455532 DOI: 10.1039/c1pp05014a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A 4-component antibody-phthalocyanine-polyethylene glycol-gold nanoparticle conjugate is described for use as a potential drug for targeted photodynamic cancer therapy. Gold nanoparticles (4 nm) were stabilised with a self-assembled layer of a zinc-phthalocyanine derivative (photosensitiser) and a heterobifunctional polyethylene glycol. Anti-HER2 monoclonal antibodies were covalently bound to the nanoparticles via a terminal carboxy moiety on the polyethylene glycol. The nanoparticle conjugates were stable towards aggregation, and under irradiation with visible red light efficiently produced cytotoxic singlet oxygen. Cellular experiments demonstrated that the nanoparticle conjugates selectively target breast cancer cells that overexpress the HER2 epidermal growth factor cell surface receptor, and that they are effective photodynamic therapy agents.
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Józefowski S, Czerkies M, Sobota A, Kwiatkowska K. Determination of cell surface expression of Toll-like receptor 4 by cellular enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and radiolabeling. Anal Biochem 2011; 413:185-91. [PMID: 21354097 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2011.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2011] [Revised: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 02/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is recognized by Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) of macrophages triggering production of pro-inflammatory mediators. One of the factors determining the magnitude of responses to LPS, which may even lead to life-threatening septic shock, is the cell surface abundance of TLR4. However, quantitation of the surface TLR4 is difficult due to the low level of receptor expression. To develop a method of TLR4 assessment, we labeled the receptor on the cell surface with a rabbit antibody followed by either anti-rabbit immunoglobulin G-fluorescein isothiocyanate (IgG-FITC) for flow cytometry or with anti-rabbit IgG-peroxidase for a cellular enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Alternatively, the anti-TLR4 antibody was detected by anti-rabbit IgG labeled with (125)I. Flow cytometry did not allow detection of TLR4 on the surface of J774 cells or human macrophages. In contrast, application of cellular ELISA or the radiolabeling technique combined with effective blockage of nonspecific binding of antibodies provided TLR4-specific signals. The level of TLR4 on the surface of J774 cells did not change on treatment with 1-100ng/ml LPS; however, it was reduced by approximately 30-40% after 2 h of treatment with 1 μg/ml LPS. These data indicate that down-regulation of surface TLR4 can serve as a means of negative regulation of cell responses toward high doses of LPS.
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Abstract
This chapter gives general information on essential practical features of ELISAs. These can be summarized as follows: 1. Adsorption of antigen or antibody to the plastic solid phase. 2. Addition of the test sample and subsequent reagents. 3. Incubation of reactants. 4. Separation of bound and free reactants by washing. 5. Addition of enzyme-labeled reagent. 6. Addition of enzyme detection system (color development). 7. Visual or spectrophotometric reading of the assay.
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Lee MRF, Tweed JKS, Cookson A, Sullivan ML. Immunogold labelling to localize polyphenol oxidase (PPO) during wilting of red clover leaf tissue and the effect of removing cellular matrices on PPO protection of glycerol-based lipid in the rumen. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2010; 90:503-10. [PMID: 20355073 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.3848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The enzyme polyphenol oxidase (PPO) reduces the extent of proteolysis and lipolysis within red clover fed to ruminants. PPO catalyses the conversion of phenols to quinones, which can react with nucleophilic cellular constituents (e.g. proteins) forming protein-phenol complexes that may reduce protein solubility, bioavailability to rumen microbes and deactivate plant enzymes. In this study, we localized PPO in red clover leaf tissue by immunogold labelling and investigated whether red clover lipid was protected in the absence of PPO-induced protein-phenol complexes and plant enzymes (lipases). RESULTS PPO protein was detected to a greater extent (P < 0.001) within the chloroplasts of mesophyll cells in stressed (cut/crushed and wilted for 1 h) than freshly cut leaves for both palisade (61.6 and 25.6 Au label per chloroplast, respectively) and spongy mesophyll cells (94.5 and 40.6 Au label per chloroplast, respectively). Hydrolysis of lipid and C18 polyunsaturated fatty acid biohydrogenation during in vitro batch culture was lower (P < 0.05) for wild-type red clover than for red clover with PPO expression reduced to undetectable levels but only when cellular matrices containing protein-phenol complexes were present. CONCLUSION Damaging of the leaves resulted in over a doubling of PPO detected within mesophyll cells, potentially as a consequence of conversion of the enzyme from latent to active form. PPO reduction of microbial lipolysis was apparent in macerated red clover tissue but not in the absence of the proteinaceous cellular matrix, suggesting that the PPO mechanism for reducing lipolysis may be primarily through the entrapment of lipid within protein-phenol complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R F Lee
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion SY23 3EB, UK.
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Jørgensen CS, Hansen KB, Jacobsen S, Halberg P, Ullman S, Hansen D, Mikkelsen TL, Weile B, Madsen MH, Wiik A, Houen G. Absence of high‐affinity calreticulin autoantibodies in patients with systemic rheumatic diseases and coeliac disease. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2009; 65:403-12. [PMID: 16081363 DOI: 10.1080/00365510510013857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Calreticulin has been reported to be an autoantigen in various autoimmune connective tissue diseases and in coeliac disease. Previous studies have used incubation buffers with low salt and low detergent concentrations (low stringency conditions) with serum albumin or other proteins as a blocking agent. Using these conditions we found a relatively high level of non-specific binding in many sera. Antibodies to proteins that are used as blocking reagents in ELISA (bovine serum albumin (BSA), ovalbumin, skimmed milk powder) are frequently present in sera, and these may cause false-positive results. Moreover, the low isoelectric point of calreticulin and its chaperone properties may give rise to false-positive results under low stringency conditions. We report that the use of a simple buffer without protein (50 mM Tris, pH 7.5, 1% Tween 20, 0.3 M NaCl) removes most of the problems with unwanted binding (high stringency conditions). Using the high stringency conditions, we screened sera from 107 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, sera from patients with other systemic autoimmune diseases and from children with coeliac disease for the presence of high-affinity calreticulin autoantibodies by immunoblotting and ELISA. None of the sera contained high-affinity calreticulin antibodies. It is concluded that calreticulin is not a common autoantigen in patients with autoimmune connective tissue diseases or coeliac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Jørgensen
- Department of Research and Development, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Bellstedt DU. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay detection of Ralstonia solanacearum in potatoes: the South African experience. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2009; 508:51-62. [PMID: 19301746 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-59745-062-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Outbreaks of bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum in South Africa in the 1980s necessitated the development of a sensitive assay for its detection. In this chapter, the development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of Ralstonia solanacearum including antibody production, the ELISA method itself, potato sample preparation for testing, ELISA result validation and interpretation, and confirmation of infection are discussed. Data showing the drop in the Ralstonia solanacearum infection rate, after testing was implemented, are presented and shows how the use of this method has brought the disease under control in South Africa.
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Braun T, Ghatkesar MK, Backmann N, Grange W, Boulanger P, Letellier L, Lang HP, Bietsch A, Gerber C, Hegner M. Quantitative time-resolved measurement of membrane protein-ligand interactions using microcantilever array sensors. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2009; 4:179-85. [PMID: 19265848 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2008.398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2008] [Accepted: 12/03/2008] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Membrane proteins are central to many biological processes, and the interactions between transmembrane protein receptors and their ligands are of fundamental importance in medical research. However, measuring and characterizing these interactions is challenging. Here we report that sensors based on arrays of resonating microcantilevers can measure such interactions under physiological conditions. A protein receptor--the FhuA receptor of Escherichia coli--is crystallized in liposomes, and the proteoliposomes then immobilized on the chemically activated gold-coated surface of the sensor by ink-jet spotting in a humid environment, thus keeping the receptors functional. Quantitative mass-binding measurements of the bacterial virus T5 at subpicomolar concentrations are performed. These experiments demonstrate the potential of resonating microcantilevers for the specific, label-free and time-resolved detection of membrane protein-ligand interactions in a micro-array format.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Braun
- School of Physics and Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices, Naughton Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Reduction of Non-Specific Protein Adsorption Using Poly(ethylene) Glycol (PEG) Modified Polyacrylate Hydrogels In Immunoassays for Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B Detection. SENSORS 2009; 9:645-55. [PMID: 22389622 PMCID: PMC3280768 DOI: 10.3390/s90100645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2008] [Revised: 01/14/2009] [Accepted: 01/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Three PEG molecules (PEG-methacrylate, -diacrylate and -dimethacrylate) were incorporated into galactose-based polyacrylate hydrogels and their relative abilities to reduce non-specific protein adsorption in immunoassays were determined. Highly crosslinked hydrogels containing amine-terminated functionalities were formed and used to covalently attach antibodies specific for staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB). Patterned arrays of immobilized antibodies in the PEG-modified hydrogels were created with a PDMS template containing micro-channels for use in sandwich immunoassays to detect SEB. Different concentrations of the toxin were applied to the hydrogel arrays, followed with a Cy3-labeled tracer antibody specific for the two toxins. Fluorescence laser scanning confocal microscopy of the tracer molecules provided both qualitative and quantitative measurements on the detection sensitivity and the reduction in non-specific binding as a result of PEG incorporation. Results showed the PEG-modified hydrogel significantly reduced non-specific protein binding with a detection limit for SEB of 1 ng/mL. Fluorescence signals showed a 10-fold decrease in the non-specific binding and a 6-fold increase in specific binding of SEB.
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Hunter KW, Dupré SA, Sharp T, Sandmeier FC, Tracy CR. Western blot can distinguish natural and acquired antibodies to Mycoplasma agassizii in the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii). J Microbiol Methods 2008; 75:464-71. [PMID: 18708096 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2008.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2008] [Revised: 07/18/2008] [Accepted: 07/21/2008] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth W Hunter
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
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Kummer A, Kitts DD, Li‐Chan E, Losso JN, Skura BJ, Nakai S. Quantification of bovine IgG in milk using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/09540109209354757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Wakayama J, Sekiguchi H, Akanuma S, Ohtani T, Sugiyama S. Methods for reducing nonspecific interaction in antibody–antigen assay via atomic force microscopy. Anal Biochem 2008; 380:51-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2008.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2008] [Revised: 05/13/2008] [Accepted: 05/25/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Reimhult K, Petersson K, Krozer A. QCM-D analysis of the performance of blocking agents on gold and polystyrene surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:8695-8700. [PMID: 18646724 DOI: 10.1021/la800224s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
With today's developments of biosensors and medical implants comes the need for efficient reduction of nonspecific binding. We report on a comparison of the ability of traditionally used blocking agents and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) derivatives to prevent protein adsorption on both gold and polystyrene surfaces. The adsorption kinetics of blocking molecules and proteins was monitored gravimetrically using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D). The resistance to nonspecific adsorption was evaluated on gold and polystyrene surfaces coated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) or casein, gold coated with three different 6-11 ethylene glycol (EG) long hydroxyl- or methoxy-terminated PEG-thiolates and polystyrene blocked with a PLL-g-PEG or three different 12 EG long benzyl-PEG-derivatives. The prevention of protein adsorption on the coated surfaces was evaluated by monitoring the mass uptake at the addition of both pure prostate specific antigen (PSA) and seminal plasma. We demonstrate that on pure gold the PEG-thiols are superior to the other blocking molecules tested, with the end group and length of the PEG-thiols used being of minor importance. On polystyrene surfaces blocking with PLL-g-PEG, BSA and casein gave the best results. These results have an impact on further development of an optimized immunoassay protocol.
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Godfrin D, Sénéchal H, Sutra JP, Busnel JM, Desvaux FX, Peltre G. A modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay adapted for immunodetection of low amounts of water-insoluble proteins. J Immunol Methods 2007; 326:83-92. [PMID: 17706662 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2007.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2007] [Revised: 06/26/2007] [Accepted: 07/11/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A mixture of thiourea, urea and CHAPS (TUC) is an excellent solvent compatible with isoelectrofocusing (IEF) separation of water-insoluble protein extracts, and their subsequent two-dimensional gel electrophoresis is an important step in proteomic studies. The main aim of this work was to quantify extremely low amounts of water-insoluble proteins contained, for instance, in samples collected in bio-aerosol samplers. High CHAPS concentrations solubilize many proteins. However, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), which is the most popular immunodetection method of quantifying antigens, is unfortunately not compatible with these high CHAPS concentrations and with the low protein concentrations of TUC extracts. The most common mixture used to solubilize these proteins contains 2 mol l(-1) thiourea, 7 mol l(-1) urea and 5% w/v CHAPS. This paper shows that these components inhibit the adsorption and/or recognition of proteins on microtitration plates, preventing antigen quantification under classic ELISA conditions. We have tried several solvents (ethanol, isopropanol, acetonitrile and trichloroacetic acid) to make the TUC-soluble proteins stick to the ELISA plates, and ethanol was shown to be the most appropriate. In this study, we have defined a new ELISA protocol allowing rapid and sensitive detection of low concentrations (60-500 ng ml(-1)) of water-insoluble proteins extracted with high concentrations of TUC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Godfrin
- Laboratoire Environnement et Chimie Analytique, Ecole Supérieure de Physique et Chimie Industrielles, 10, rue Vauquelin 75005 Paris, France.
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48
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Blocking agents for ELISA quantification of compounds coming from bovine muscle crude extracts. Eur Food Res Technol 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-006-0348-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Brogan KL, Shin JH, Schoenfisch MH. Influence of surfactants and antibody immobilization strategy on reducing nonspecific protein interactions for molecular recognition force microscopy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2004; 20:9729-9735. [PMID: 15491208 DOI: 10.1021/la048437y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Specific and nonspecific interactions between antibody-modified probes and substrate-immobilized proteins were monitored by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Probes were modified with anti-ovalbumin IgG antibodies immobilized in either an oriented or a random manner. The oriented immobilization of whole IgG was accomplished through the use of Protein A, and random immobilization was carried out with glutaraldehyde. Nonspecific interactions may lead to false detection of antibody-antigen binding events even when the antigen binding sites are properly positioned by an oriented immobilization strategy. Thus, nonionic and zwitterionic surfactants, including Tween 20, Tween 80, Triton X-100, and CHAPS, were evaluated to determine if nonspecific binding events could be reduced without compromising the desired specific antibody-antigen binding. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and surface plasmon resonance assays were also employed to study antibody-antigen binding as a function of immobilization strategy and surfactant concentration. The data from these studies indicate that Protein A can be used to immobilize whole IgG onto AFM probes for force measurement experiments and that a surfactant is useful for improving the selectivity for such measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn L Brogan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, USA
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50
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Marston EL, James AV, Parker JT, Hart JC, Brown TM, Messmer TO, Jue DL, Black CM, Carlone GM, Ades EW, Sampson J. Newly characterized species-specific immunogenic Chlamydophila pneumoniae peptide reactive with murine monoclonal and human serum antibodies. CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY 2002; 9:446-52. [PMID: 11874892 PMCID: PMC119951 DOI: 10.1128/cdli.9.2.446-452.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A monoclonal antibody (MAb) directed against an unknown Chlamydophila pneumoniae epitope has been characterized, and the respective peptide mimotope has been identified. A murine MAb specific for C. pneumoniae was used to select peptides from phage display libraries. The peptides identified from the phage display library clones reacted specifically with the respective target murine MAb and with human sera previously identified as having antibody titers to C. pneumoniae. The selected peptide mimotope sequences tended to be composed of charged residues surrounding a core of hydrophobic residues. The peptide with the best binding could inhibit >95% of binding to the MAb, suggesting that the selected peptide binds the paratope of the respective MAb. The peptide reacted with human sera previously determined by microimmunofluorescence to have anti-C. pneumoniae antibodies. The peptide was competitively competed with the MAb against Renografin-purified, sonicated C. pneumoniae in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and with whole-cell C. pneumoniae in an indirect fluorescence assay format, demonstrating its potential utility in the development of diagnostics. The use of this novel peptide may allow investigators to establish standardized assays free from cross-reactive Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydophila psittaci epitopes and immunoreactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric L Marston
- Respiratory Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA.
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