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Hoang QT, Nuzzo A, Louedec L, Delbosc S, Andreata F, Khallou-Laschet J, Assadi M, Montravers P, Longrois D, Corcos O, Caligiuri G, Nicoletti A, Michel JB, Tran-Dinh A. Peptide binding to cleaved CD31 dampens ischemia/reperfusion-induced intestinal injury. Intensive Care Med Exp 2018; 6:27. [PMID: 30112663 PMCID: PMC6093833 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-018-0192-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD31 is a key transmembrane neutrophil immunoregulatory receptor. Mesenteric ischemia/reperfusion-induced neutrophil activation leads to a massive cleavage and shedding of the most extracellular domains of CD31 into plasma, enhancing the deleterious effect of neutrophil activation. We have evaluated the preventive therapeutic potential of an engineered synthetic octapeptide (P8RI), which restores the inhibitory intracellular signaling of cleaved CD31, in an experimental model of acute mesenteric ischemia/reperfusion. METHODS In a randomized, controlled, and experimenter-blinded preclinical study, mesenteric ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) was induced in Wistar rats by superior mesenteric artery occlusion for 30 min followed by 4 h of reperfusion. Three groups of rats were compared: I/R + saline perfusion (I/R controls group, n = 7), I/R + preventive P8RI perfusion (P8RI group, n = 7), and sham-operated rats + saline perfusion (sham group, n = 7). RESULTS Compared with I/R controls, P8RI perfusion significantly decreased intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury (Chiu's score, P = 0.01; epithelial area, P = 0.001) and bacterial translocation (plasma Escherichia coli DNA, P = 0.04) and could limit intestinal bleeding (P = 0.09). P8RI decreased neutrophil activation assessed by matrix metalloproteinase-9 release in plasma (P < 0.001) and in the intestinal wall, albeit without statistical significance (P = 0.06 and P = 0.058 for myeloperoxydase). Inhibition of CD31 cleavage from neutrophils could play a major role in the protective effects of P8RI (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Preventive administration of P8RI, a CD31-agonist peptide, could decrease I/R-induced intestinal injury by potentially limiting neutrophil activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quoc Thang Hoang
- INSERM LVTS U1148, Paris-Diderot, Université Sorbonne, Paris, France.,Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Critical Care, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Alexandre Nuzzo
- INSERM LVTS U1148, Paris-Diderot, Université Sorbonne, Paris, France.,Structure d'URgences Vasculaires Intestinales (SURVI), CHU Beaujon, Clichy, France
| | - Liliane Louedec
- INSERM LVTS U1148, Paris-Diderot, Université Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Delbosc
- INSERM LVTS U1148, Paris-Diderot, Université Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Maksud Assadi
- INSERM LVTS U1148, Paris-Diderot, Université Sorbonne, Paris, France.,Département d'anesthésie-réanimation, CHU Bichat-Claude Bernard, 46, rue Henri Huchard, 75877, Paris Cedex 18, France
| | - Philippe Montravers
- Département d'anesthésie-réanimation, CHU Bichat-Claude Bernard, 46, rue Henri Huchard, 75877, Paris Cedex 18, France.,INSERM UMR 1152, Paris-Diderot, Université Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - Dan Longrois
- INSERM LVTS U1148, Paris-Diderot, Université Sorbonne, Paris, France.,Département d'anesthésie-réanimation, CHU Bichat-Claude Bernard, 46, rue Henri Huchard, 75877, Paris Cedex 18, France
| | - Olivier Corcos
- INSERM LVTS U1148, Paris-Diderot, Université Sorbonne, Paris, France.,Structure d'URgences Vasculaires Intestinales (SURVI), CHU Beaujon, Clichy, France
| | | | | | | | - Alexy Tran-Dinh
- INSERM LVTS U1148, Paris-Diderot, Université Sorbonne, Paris, France. .,Département d'anesthésie-réanimation, CHU Bichat-Claude Bernard, 46, rue Henri Huchard, 75877, Paris Cedex 18, France.
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Tassopoulos A, Chalkias A, Papalois A, Iacovidou N, Xanthos T. The effect of antioxidant supplementation on bacterial translocation after intestinal ischemia and reperfusion. Redox Rep 2016; 22:1-9. [PMID: 27734759 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2016.1229893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestine is highly sensitive to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Intestinal I/R may cause local tissue injury and disruption of the intestinal mucosal barrier, allowing the passage of viable bacteria and endotoxins from the gastrointestinal lumen to distant organs. This phenomenon, known as bacterial translocation (BT), may lead to systemic disorders with high morbidity and mortality. Oxidative stress mediators such as reactive oxygen species, polymorphonuclear neutrophils and nitric oxide are believed to contribute to the intestinal I/R injury. Many antioxidants have shown protective effects against I/R injury of various organs. The present article provides an overview of studies investigating the effect of antioxidant supplementation on BT after intestinal I/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tassopoulos
- a National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School , Athens , Greece
| | - A Chalkias
- b Hellenic Society of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation , Athens , Greece.,c National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School , Athens , Greece
| | - A Papalois
- f Experimental-Research Centre ELPEN Pharmaceutical Co. Inc. , Athens , Greece
| | - N Iacovidou
- e Department of Neonatology, Aretaieio Hospital , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School , Athens , Greece
| | - T Xanthos
- d European University Cyprus , School of Medicine , Nicosia , Cyprus
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Pré‐tratamento com remifentanil protege contra a redução da contratilidade intestinal relacionada à lesão de isquemia e reperfusão em ratos. Braz J Anesthesiol 2015; 65:483-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjan.2013.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Sayan-Ozacmak H, Ozacmak VH, Turan I, Barut F, Hanci V. Pretreatment with remifentanil protects against the reduced-intestinal contractility related to the ischemia and reperfusion injury in rat. Braz J Anesthesiol 2015; 65:483-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjane.2013.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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5
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Salim SY, Young PY, Lukowski CM, Madsen KL, Sis B, Churchill TA, Khadaroo RG. VSL#3 probiotics provide protection against acute intestinal ischaemia/reperfusion injury. Benef Microbes 2013; 4:357-365. [PMID: 24240573 DOI: 10.3920/bm2013.0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Acute intestinal ischaemia/reperfusion injury (AII/R) is an adaptive physiologic response during critical illness, involving mesenteric vasoconstriction and hypoperfusion. Prevention of AII/R in high risk patient populations would have a significant impact on morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effects of VSL#3 probiotic treatment in a murine model of AII/R. Adult 129/SvEv mice were subjected to an experimental AII/R model using superior mesenteric artery occlusion. Animals were pre-treated with either three days or two weeks of VSL#3 probiotics. Local tissue injury markers were assessed by levels of myeloperoxidase and activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NFкB). Systemic and local cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL- 10, TNFα, and interferon gamma were measured by ELISA and multiplex fluorescent detection. VSL#3 probiotics reduced local tissue inflammation and injury due to AII/R. A two-week course of VSL#3 was more effective than a shorter three-day course. The reduction in local inflammation from the two-week course of VSL#3 is correlated to a significant reduction in levels of active IL-1β, and tissue levels of myeloperoxidase. Levels of active NFкB were significantly elevated in the vehicle-fed AII/R mice, corroborating with tissue inflammation, which were attenuated by VSL#3 administrations. VSL#3 did not cause any systemic inflammation or lung injury. VSL#3 probiotics are effective in reducing local tissue injury from AII/R by down-regulating pro-inflammatory mediators and immune cell recruitment. This study highlights a potential role for VSL#3 in management of patients at high risk for AII/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Salim
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, 2D WMC, 8440-112 St NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - P Y Young
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, 2D WMC, 8440-112 St NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - C M Lukowski
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, 2D WMC, 8440-112 St NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - K L Madsen
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - B Sis
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - T A Churchill
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, 2D WMC, 8440-112 St NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - R G Khadaroo
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, 2D WMC, 8440-112 St NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada
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Annborn M, Dankiewicz J, Erlinge D, Hertel S, Rundgren M, Smith JG, Struck J, Friberg H. Procalcitonin after cardiac arrest – An indicator of severity of illness, ischemia-reperfusion injury and outcome. Resuscitation 2013; 84:782-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2013.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Bifidobacteria may be beneficial to intestinal microbiota and reduction of bacterial translocation in mice following ischaemia and reperfusion injury. Br J Nutr 2012; 109:1990-8. [PMID: 23122253 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114512004308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of peroral bifidobacteria on the intestinal microbiota, barrier function and bacterial translocation (BT) in a mouse model of ischaemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury. A total of twenty-four male BALB/c mice were randomly allocated into three groups: (1) sham-operated, (2) I/R and (3) I/R injury and bifidobacteria pretreatment (109 colony-forming units/d). Bifidobacteria were administered daily intragastrically for 2 weeks before induction of I/R. Subsequently, samples of caecal content, intestinal mucosa, ileal segments, blood, mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) and distant organs (liver, spleen and kidney) were prepared for examination. In the I/R model, barrier dysfunction (caecal microbiota dysbiosis, disruption of tight junction (TJ), increased epithelial cell apoptosis, disruption of mucosa and multiple erosions) in the intestine was observed, associated with increased BT to extraintestinal sites. The ratio of BT to MLN and distant organs in mice exposed to I/R injury was 62·5 %, which was significantly higher than the sham-operated group. However, pretreatment of animals with bifidobacteria prevented I/R-induced BT, reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine release, the levels of endotoxin, intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis, disruption of TJ and increased the concentration of SCFA, resulting in recovered microbiota and mucosal integrity. Bifidobacteria may be beneficial in reducing BT in I/R injury of mice. Therefore, peroral administration of bifidobacteria is a potential strategy to prevent I/R-induced BT and intestinal barrier dysfunction.
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Wang B, Huang Q, Zhang W, Li N, Li J. Lactobacillus plantarum prevents bacterial translocation in rats following ischemia and reperfusion injury. Dig Dis Sci 2011; 56:3187-94. [PMID: 21590333 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-011-1747-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2010] [Accepted: 05/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacterial translocation is considered a major cause of initiation and development of systemic sepsis and multiple organ dysfunction in clinic. The aim of this study was to determine the ability of a defined Lactobacillus plantarum to prevent ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) induced intestinal infection. METHODS Female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated into three groups: (1) controls (sham-operated, no treatment), (2) ischemia/reperfusion and (3) ischemia/reperfusion and Lactobacillus plantarum treatment. Lactobacillus plantarum L2 was administered daily intragastrically 14 days prior to induction of I/R. Rats were then sacrificed, and tissue and blood samples were cultured to determine bacterial translocation. Cytokines in plasma were detected by ELISA. Ileal segments were removed for morphological examination. RESULTS Intestinal I/R induced excess pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion and barrier dysfunction (increased epithelial cell apoptosis, cecal flora dysbiosis, disruption of mucosa and multiple erosions) in the intestine, associated with increased bacterial translocation to extraintestinal sites. Approximately 87.5% of rats exposed to I/R had bacterial translocation while there was no bacterial translocation in controls. However, pretreatment of animals with Lactobacillus plantarum completely prevented I/R induced bacterial translocation, reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine release, and intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis, resulting in recovered microflora and mucosal integrity. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that Lactobacillus plantarum L2 can prevent I/R-induced bacterial translocation and intestinal barrier dysfunction and, thereby, exert beneficial effects in the intestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Department of Surgery, Research Institute of General Surgery, Jin Ling Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, People's Republic of China
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Wedel T, Krammer HJ, Kühnel W, Sigge W. Alterations of the Enteric Nervous System in Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis Revealed by Whole-Mount Immunohistochemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/15513819809168773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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10
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Apoptosis of interstitial cells of Cajal, smooth muscle cells, and enteric neurons induced by intestinal ischemia and reperfusion injury in adult guinea pigs. Virchows Arch 2009; 454:401-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00428-009-0739-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2008] [Revised: 01/17/2009] [Accepted: 01/18/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND We hypothesized that fiberoptic bronchoscopy can contribute to mesenteric ischemia and bacterial translocation. OBJECTIVE To test this hypothesis we investigated in patients undergoing bronchoscopy mesenteric blood flow and markers in association with ischemia reperfusion injury. PATIENT Forty-seven consecutive patients requiring diagnostic fiberoptic bronchoscopy were studied. MEASUREMENTS Parameters evaluated were superior mesenteric artery Doppler sonography, oxidative stress mediators, arterial blood gases, blood cultures pre-fiberoptic bronchoscopy, and 1st, 4th, and 24th hr post-fiberoptic bronchoscopy. MAIN RESULTS After bronchoscopy; PaO2 decreased by 21.8% +/- 1.5% (range 6-40), and remained low at all time points (p = 0.0001, p = 0.0001, p = 0.008). Flow volume decreased by 38.8% +/- 14.9% (range 6-72), and remained low at 1st and 4th hr (p = 0.0001, p = 0.01). Resistive and pulsatile index increased at 1st hr (p = 0.0001, p = 0.001) and 4th hr (p = 0.018, p = 0.045). Myeloperoxidase and malondialdehyde increased at 1st hr (p = 0.0001) and 4th hr (p = 0.037, p = 0.028). Corresponding glutathione and catalase decreased at 1st hr (p = 0.0001), and glutathione remained significant at 4th and 24th hr (p = 0.0001, p = 0.003). Correlation between flow volume and PaO2 (r = .71, p = 0.0001), myeloperoxidase (r = -.39, p = 0.05), glutathione (r = .41, p = 0.03) was significant. Nine of 47 (19.1%) had fever, and 3 of 47 (6.4%) had gram-negative bacteremia. CONCLUSION Fiberoptic bronchoscopy is associated with decreased mesenteric blood flow, which may place the patient at risk for mesenteric ischemia and gastrointestinal bacterial translocation.
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Shimojima N, Nakaki T, Morikawa Y, Hoshino K, Ozaki H, Hori M, Kitajima M. Interstitial cells of Cajal in dysmotility in intestinal ischemia and reperfusion injury in rats. J Surg Res 2006; 135:255-61. [PMID: 16872634 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2006.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2005] [Revised: 03/29/2006] [Accepted: 04/24/2006] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury is an obligatory occurrence in small bowel transplantation. I/R may impair the normal gastrointestinal motility. Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) are known as pacemaker cells in the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this study was to assess the role of ICC in the gastrointestinal motility in a rat model of I/R injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS Wistar rats were subjected to 30- or 80-min intestinal ischemia by occluding the mesenteric vessels followed by reperfusion. Small intestinal segments were resected at 12 h or 4 days. The spontaneous mechanical activity was evaluated by organ bath technique. Immunopositivity of c-Kit and PGP9.5 at the level of the myenteric plexus was evaluated as markers of ICC and enteric nerves, respectively. RESULTS In the bowel segment with 80-min ischemia followed by 12-h reperfusion, muscles showed a 25% reduction (P < 0.05) in the frequency of contractions compared to that with 30-min ischemia followed by 12-h reperfusion, whereas amplitude of contractions was not significantly different. This change was associated with a 70% decrease (P < 0.01) of c-Kit immunopositivity. These changes of intestinal motility pattern and distribution of c-Kit-positive cells were both recovered from 80-min ischemia followed by 4 days reperfusion. In contrast, the immunopositivity of PGP9.5 was not affected in any I/R injury group. CONCLUSIONS Transient functional changes in ICC were induced by prolonged I/R injury but they recovered after 4 days, suggesting a central role of ICC in both disrupting and restoring the normal gastrointestinal motility in I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Shimojima
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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Grossie VB, Weisbrodt NW, Moore FA, Moody F. Ischemia/reperfusion-induced disruption of rat small intestine transit is reversed by total enteral nutrition. Nutrition 2001; 17:939-43. [PMID: 11744345 DOI: 10.1016/s0899-9007(01)00668-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A reduced blood flow to the gut is a consistent event after traumatic shock. Enteral nutrition support has been shown to reduce the septic morbidity after major trauma. We evaluated the effects of a transient ischemia followed by reperfusion (I/R) and an enteral nutrition support regimen on the motility of the small intestine of the rat. METHODS A catheter was placed in the upper duodenum and the small intestine was then made ischemic by clamping the superior mesenteric artery for 45 min; the arteries of sham rats were isolated but not clamped. Intestinal transit was evaluated by measuring the amount of fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (12 000 MW) in each of 10 intestinal sections at 30 min after injection through the duodenal catheter. The mean geometric center of marker distribution (MGC) was calculated for each group and compared. In a second study, I/R was followed by infusion of saline or a complete nutrient solution overnight, and transit was determined. RESULTS Intestinal transit (as the MGC) of I/R rats at 24 h after the beginning of reperfusion (3.5 +/- 0.2) and 48 h after the beginning of reperfusion (4.5 +/- 1.1) was significantly lower than that in the respective sham controls (5.1 +/- 0.3 and 5.9 +/- 0.5). The MGC for rats receiving a nutrient solution overnight during the reperfusion phase (6.0 +/- 1.1) was significantly increased compared with the MGC of 4.8 +/- 0.3 for rats receiving saline during the same period. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate a long-term deleterious effect of a non-lethal ischemia on intestinal transit and may be one explanation for many of the sequelae occurring after ischemia. In addition, these results demonstrate that a nutrient infusion will prevent the delayed transit. This may provide a partial explanation for the beneficial effects of total enteral nutrition in the clinical situation of posttraumatic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- V B Grossie
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
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Kazez A, Demirbağ M, Ustündağ B, Ozercan IH, Sağlam M. The role of melatonin in prevention of intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. J Pediatr Surg 2000; 35:1444-8. [PMID: 11051147 DOI: 10.1053/jpsu.2000.16410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE The aim of this study was to determine the effect of melatonin, a hormone that is known as an antioxidant, on the prevention of tissue damage during mesenteric ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). METHODS A total of 40 young Wistar-albino rats were divided equally into 4 groups with varied treatment. Group 1 was control (sham), group 2 was I/R, group 3 was I/R plus melatonin (10 mg/kg) and group 4 was I/R plus melatonin (20 mg/kg). I/R was realized as follows: after laparatomy, a microvascular atraumatic clip was placed across the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) under general anaesthesia, and it was removed after ischemia for 30 minutes. The first dose of melatonin was applied intraperitoneally at the start of reperfusion. The second and third doses were applied intramuscularly on the first and second day. Only SMA dissection under general anaesthesia was carried out in the control group rats. On the third day of the study all the rats were killed, and their bowels were removed. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were assayed as an index of lipid peroxidation reflecting free radical reaction in the intestine. Histopathologic analysis was made using light microscopy in a blind fashion. RESULTS The levels of tissue MDA were found to be significantly lower in groups 3 and 4 compared with group 2 (P < .05). The MDA levels of group 4 did not differ significantly from that of the control group (P > .05). The histopathologic results were consistent with the MDA levels. CONCLUSION These results suggest that melatonin has a strong antioxidant effect in preventing intestinal I/R damage, and that this effect is exerted in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kazez
- First University, Medical Faculty, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Elaziğ, Turkey
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Montgomery
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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16
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Canarelli JP, Richard S, Romond MB, Plancq MC, Cordonnier C, De Boissieu D, Pepay M, Postel JP, Leke A, Dupont C. Bacterial translocation, intestinal morphology, and enzyme activities after ileal ischemia in newborn piglets. Pediatr Surg Int 1996; 11:453-5. [PMID: 24057781 DOI: 10.1007/bf00180081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal ischemia was created after a limited laparotomy by ligation of the terminal mesenteric vessels in the last 10 cm of distal ileum in 2-day-old piglets. Five groups (each n = 15) were studied: 1 (unoperated control group, killed on day 4), 2 (sham control with laparotomy, killed on day 4), 3 (ischemia, killed on day 4), 4 (ischemia, killed on day 9), and 5 (unoperated control on day 9, not killed). All animals in groups 1, 2 and 5 survived. Two animals in group 3 and 1 in group 4 died (peritonitis and distal ileal perforation). In animals killed on day 9, less weight gain was observed in group 4 compared to the unoperated controls. Macroscopically, no alteration was found at laparotomy in the animals in group 1, whereas in group 2, 1 animal showed beginning peritonitis and another some degree of peritoneal adhesions in group 3, 1 piglet had an intestinal perforation and 4 had intestinal distention above the ischemic loop. In group 4, 7 animals had dilatation of the upper loops, 4 a complete stricture, and 3 peritonitis with complete necrosis of the distal ileum. Microscopic examination revealed severe lesions of the ischemic area in groups 3 and 4 and mild lesions of the upper loop. The kidney was contaminated by translocation of gram-positive cocci in 36% of cases in group 2. Germ carriage for staphylococci was estimated at 80% in the terminal ileum of animals in group 3 versus 8.3% in group 2. In groups 3 and 4, the translocation rate was 30% in the kidney and 40% in the liver. Low disaccharidase activities were found in ischemic areas in groups 3 and 4, with no difference in activity in the upper loops.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Canarelli
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hôpital Nord, C. H. U., F-80054, Amiens Cédex 1, France
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Taylor GE, Hebra A, McGowan KL, Yu M, Myers S, McKernan ML, Boardman C, Ross AJ, O'Neill JA. Octreotide does not prevent bacterial translocation in an infant piglet model of intestinal ischemia-reperfusion. J Pediatr Surg 1995; 30:967-9; discussion 969-70. [PMID: 7472954 DOI: 10.1016/0022-3468(95)90322-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The process of bacterial translocation (BT) after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is reported to be mediated by local mucosal factors, the effects of pancreatic enzymes, epithelial disruption, and by dysfunctional intestinal motility. Octreotide (OCT), a somatostatin analog, has been postulated to protect against BT by influencing one or more of these factors. Twenty-two formula-fed piglets (weight, 3.5 +/- 0.5 kg; age, 20 +/- 5 days) were divided into four groups: control (no drug given; no I/R; n = 6), I/R (no drug given; n = 5), I/R plus low-dose OCT (LD OCT, 0.08 microgram/kg; n = 6), and I/R plus high-dose OCT (HD OCT, 8 micrograms/kg; n = 5). All experimental subjects had nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia induced by reversible pericardial tamponade with mesenteric flow decreased to 25 +/- 5% of baseline for 5 hours followed by 15 +/- 5 hours of reperfusion. Mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), liver, spleen, blood, and peritoneum were harvested for blind microbial analysis. None of the animals in the control group experienced translocation to the tissues tested. All of the animals in the I/R group experienced BT to the MLN. The subjects in the LD OCT and HD OCT groups experienced BT to the MLN 66% and 80% of the time, respectively. Despite the reported clinical evidence that OCT can protect the intestinal mucosa from injury and increase the clearance of bacteria from the gastrointestinal tract, in this study in which variables other than I/R known to promote bacterial translocation were eliminated, OCT failed to modify or prevent the occurrence of translocation to the MLN after I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- G E Taylor
- Division of General Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, USA
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SIGURDSSON GÍIASLIH. Is translocation of bacteria and endotoxin from the gastrointestinal tract a source of sepsis in critically ill patients? Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1995. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.1995.tb04260.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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