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Moore CT, Christie KA, Marshall J, Nesbit MA. Personalised genome editing – The future for corneal dystrophies. Prog Retin Eye Res 2018; 65:147-165. [DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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2
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Bilhalva AF, Finger IS, Pereira RA, Corrêa MN, Burkert Del Pino FA. Utilization of biodegradable polymers in veterinary science and routes of administration: a literature review. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2017.1378104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Ferreira Bilhalva
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, Núcleo de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão em Pecuária, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Ilusca Sampaio Finger
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, Núcleo de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão em Pecuária, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Rubens Alves Pereira
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, Núcleo de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão em Pecuária, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Marcio Nunes Corrêa
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, Núcleo de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão em Pecuária, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
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Mahor A, Prajapati SK, Verma A, Gupta R, Iyer AK, Kesharwani P. Moxifloxacin loaded gelatin nanoparticles for ocular delivery: Formulation and in - vitro , in - vivo evaluation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 483:132-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Revised: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Cetinel S, Montemagno C. Nanotechnology for the Prevention and Treatment of Cataract. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2015; 4:381-7. [PMID: 26716434 DOI: 10.1097/apo.0000000000000156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this article was to review recent advances in the applications of nanotechnology in cataract treatment and prevention strategies. DESIGN A literature review on the use of nanotechnology for the prevention and treatment of cataract was done. METHODS Research articles about nanotechnology-based treatments and prevention technologies for cataract were searched on Web of Science, and the most recent advances were reported. RESULTS Nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs, natural antioxidants, biologic and chemical chaperones, and chaperones such as molecules have found great application in preventing and treating cataracts. Current scientific research on new treatment strategies, which focuses on the biochemical basis of the disease, will likely result in new anticataract agents. However, none of the drug formulations will be approved for use unless efficient delivery is promised. Nanoparticle engineering together with biomimetic strategies enable the development of next-generation, more efficient, less complex, and personalized treatments. CONCLUSIONS The only currently available treatment for cataracts, surgical replacement of the opacified lens, is not an easily accessible option in developing countries. New treatment strategies based on topical drugs would enable treatment to reach massive populations facing the threat of blindness and more effectively deal with the postsurgical complications. Nanotechnology plays a key role in improving drug delivery systems with enhanced controlled release, targeted delivery, and bioavailability to overcome diffusion limitations in the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibel Cetinel
- From the *Chemical and Materials Engineering and †Ingenuity Lab, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Abstract
Despite all scientists efforts exerted over the past years, the ocular delivery of drugs remains a great challenge due to several barriers and hurdles faced by this kind of administration. The exploitation of gelatin that has a long history of safe use in pharmaceuticals and which is considered as a GRAS (Generally Regarded As Safe) material by the FDA was not fully achieved in this field. This review summarizes the recent studies and findings where gelatin-based micro- and nanoparticles were used for successful ocular delivery aiming at drawing the attention of researchers and scientists to this valuable biomaterial that has not been fully explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania M Hathout
- a Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Ain Shams University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Mohamed K Omran
- a Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Ain Shams University , Cairo , Egypt
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In situ gelling systems: a strategy to improve the bioavailability of ophthalmic pharmaceutical formulations. Drug Discov Today 2014; 19:400-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Yao WJ, Sun KX, Liu Y, Liang N, Mu HJ, Yao C, Liang RC, Wang AP. Effect of Poly(amidoamine) Dendrimers on Corneal Penetration of Puerarin. Biol Pharm Bull 2010; 33:1371-7. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.33.1371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yi Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University
| | - Na Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University
| | | | - Chen Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University
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Araújo J, Gonzalez E, Egea MA, Garcia ML, Souto EB. Nanomedicines for ocular NSAIDs: safety on drug delivery. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2009; 5:394-401. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2009.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2008] [Revised: 02/08/2009] [Accepted: 02/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Wu C, Qi H, Chen W, Huang C, Su C, Li W, Hou S. Preparation and evaluation of a Carbopol/HPMC-based in situ gelling ophthalmic system for puerarin. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2007; 127:183-91. [PMID: 17202799 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.127.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop a pH-triggered in situ gelling vehicle for ophthalmic delivery of puerarin. The effect of hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-beta-CD) on the aqueous solubility and in vitro corneal permeation of puerarin was also investigated. The puerarin solubility increased linearly and proportionally to the HP-beta-CD concentrations and 5% (w/v) HP-beta-CD enhanced its ocular permeability significantly. Carbopol 980NF was used as the gelling agent in combination with HPMC (Methocel E4M) which acted as a viscosity-enhancing agent. The optimum concentrations of Carbopol 980NF and HPMC E4M for the in situ gel-forming delivery systems were 0.1% (w/v) and 0.4% (w/v), respectively. When these two vehicles were combined, an in situ gel that had the appropriate gel strength and gelling capacity under physiological condition could be obtained. This combined solution could flow freely under non- physiological condition and showed the character of pseudoplastic fluid under both conditions. Both in vitro release studies and in vivo pharmacokinetics studies indicated that the combined polymer systems performed better in retaining puerarin than puerarin eye drops did. These results demonstrate that the Carbopol 980NF/HPMC E4M can be a viable alternative to conventional puerarin eye drops to enhance ocular bioavailability and patient compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjie Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PRC.
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Abstract
This paper presents an overview of the potential of chitosan-based systems for improving the retention and biodistribution of drugs applied topically onto the eye. Besides its low toxicity and good ocular tolerance, chitosan exhibits favourable biological behaviour, such as bioadhesion- and permeability-enhancing properties, and also interesting physico-chemical characteristics, which make it a unique material for the design of ocular drug delivery vehicles. The review summarizes the techniques for the production of chitosan gels, chitosan-coated colloidal systems and chitosan nanoparticles, and describes their mechanism of action upon contact with the ocular mucosa. The results reported until now have provided evidence of the potential of chitosan gels for enhancing and prolonging the retention of drugs on the eye surface. On the other hand, chitosan-based colloidal systems were found to work as transmucosal drug carriers, either facilitating the transport of drugs to the inner eye (chitosan-coated colloidal systems containing indometacin) or their accumulation into the corneal/conjunctival epithelia (chitosan nanoparticles containing ciclosporin). Finally, the tolerance, toxicity and biodegradation of the carriers under evaluation were reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Alonso
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Liao JW, Pang VF, Jeng CR, Chang SK, Hwang JS, Wang SC. Susceptibility to cartap-induced lethal effect and diaphragmatic injury via ocular exposure in rabbits. Toxicology 2003; 192:139-48. [PMID: 14580782 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-483x(03)00268-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Cartap is extensively used to control agricultural pests. Pertinent literatures have indicated that it causes no eye irritation [D.E. Ray, Insecticides derived from plants and other organisms, in: W.J. Hayes, E.R. Laws (Eds.), Handbook of Insecticide Toxicology, Classes of Insecticides, vol. 2, Academic Press, New York, 1991, p. 611; C. Tomlin, Cartap, in: C. Tomlin (Ed.), The Insecticide Manual, 12th ed., British Crop Protection Council, Surrey, UK, 2000, p. 144]; however, the instillation of a little cartap through the eye has caused death in rabbits. The aim of this study was to determine the ocular toxicity of cartap in New Zealand White rabbits. Cartap was directly instilled into the low conjunctival sac of eyes, at doses of 0, 5, 7.5, 10 and 12.5 mg/kg body weight. The changes in the enzymes and isoenzymes of creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LD), as well as pathological changes in the muscles of the heart, thigh and diaphragm were determined in the cartap-treated rabbits. Moreover, the neuromuscular effect of cartap was examined using the isolated rabbit phrenic-nerve diaphragm model. The results indicated that rabbits developed severe signs and they died within 20 min of ocular instillation. The ocular LD50 of cartap was 8.1 mg/kg body weight. Treatment with cartap increased the activities of CK and LD enzymes and their isoenzymes, CK-1, CK-2, and CK-3 in serum, and CK-3 and LD-5 in the diaphragm. Microscopically, hypercontraction bands and the rupture of myofibers of the diaphragm were observed in dead rabbits. Cartap did not affect nerve-evoked twitch but induced irreversible contracture and twitch depression on the isolated rabbit's diaphragm. These results indicate that the rabbit is susceptible to cartap toxicity; the effect of cartap caused contracture and damage to the diaphragm might play a pivotal role in respiratory paralysis and death of rabbits during intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiunn-Wang Liao
- Department of Applied Toxicology, Taiwan Agricultural Chemicals and Toxic Substances Research Institute, Wufeng, Taichung 413, Taiwan, ROC
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Abstract
The main aim of pharmacotherapeutics is the attainment of an effective drug concentration at the intended site of action for a sufficient period of time to elicit the response. A major problem being faced in ocular therapeutics is the attainment of an optimal concentration at the site of action. Poor bioavailability of drugs from ocular dosage forms is mainly due to the tear production, non-productive absorption, transient residence time, and impermeability of corneal epithelium. This article reviews: (1) the barriers that decrease the bioavailability of an ophthalmic drug; (2) the objectives to be considered in producing optimal formulations; and (3) the approaches being used to improve the corneal penetration of a drug molecule and delay its elimination from the eye. The focus of this review is on the recent developments in topical ocular drug delivery systems, the rationale for their use, their drug release mechanism, and the characteristic advantages and limitations of each system. In addition, the review attempts to give various analytical procedures including the animal models and other models required for bioavailability and pharmacokinetic studies. The latter can aid in the design and predictive evaluation of newer delivery systems. The dosage forms are divided into the ones which affect the precorneal parameters, and those that provide a controlled and continuous delivery to the pre- and intraocular tissues. The systems discussed include: (a) the commonly used dosage forms such as gels, viscosity imparting agents, ointments, and aqueous suspensions; (b) the newer concept of penetration enhancers, phase transition systems, use of cyclodextrins to increase solubility of various drugs, vesicular systems, and chemical delivery systems such as the prodrugs; (c) the developed and under-development controlled/continuous drug delivery systems including ocular inserts, collagen shields, ocular films, disposable contact lenses, and other new ophthalmic drug delivery systems; and (d) the newer trends directed towards a combination of drug delivery technologies for improving the therapeutic response of a non-efficacious drug. The fruitful resolution of the above-mentioned technological suggestions can result in a superior dosage form for both topical and intraocular ophthalmic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indu Pal Kaur
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India
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Bourlais CL, Acar L, Zia H, Sado PA, Needham T, Leverge R. Ophthalmic drug delivery systems--recent advances. Prog Retin Eye Res 1998; 17:33-58. [PMID: 9537794 DOI: 10.1016/s1350-9462(97)00002-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 423] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Eye-drops are the conventional dosage forms that account for 90% of currently accessible ophthalmic formulations. Despite the excellent acceptance by patients, one of the major problems encountered is rapid precorneal drug loss. To improve ocular drug bioavailability, there is a significant effort directed towards new drug delivery systems for ophthalmic administration. This chapter will focus on three representative areas of ophthalmic drug delivery systems: polymeric gels, colloidal systems, cyclodextrins and collagen shields. Hydrogels generally offer a moderate improvement of ocular drug bioavailability with the disadvantage of blurring of vision. In situ activated gel-forming systems are preferred as they can be delivered in drop form with sustained release properties. Colloidal systems including liposomes and nanoparticles have the convenience of a drop, which is able to maintain drug activity at its site of action and is suitable for poorly water-soluble drugs. Among the new therapeutic approaches in ophthalmology, cyclodextrins represent an alternative approach to increase the solubility of the drug in solution and to increase corneal permeability. Finally, collagen shields have been developed as a new continuous-delivery system for drugs that provide high and sustained levels of drugs to the cornea, despite a problem of tolerance. It seems that new tendency of research in ophthalmic drug delivery systems is directed towards a combination of several drug delivery technologies. There is a tendency to develop systems which not only prolong the contact time of the vehicle at the ocular surface, but which at the same time slow down the elimination of the drug. Combination of drug delivery systems could open a new directive for improving results and the therapeutic response of non-efficacious systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Bourlais
- Laboratoire de Pharmacie Galénique, Biopharmacie et Pharmacie Clinique, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Rennes, France
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Abstract
This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the various approaches currently used in the development of ocular drug delivery systems for the treatment of ocular diseases in animals. It is obvious from the literature that most of the products that are currently available are derived from human medicine without consideration given to the differences which exist between the anatomy and physiology of the eye of various animal species which ultimately affect product design and performance. As a result, many of the products for animal use seem in many circumstances inappropriate for animal care. The article deals with some aspects of eye anatomy and physiology of different animals, and then provides an overview of the most commonly encountered pathologies. The paper then discusses the currently available drug products and finally reviews new delivery concepts. Several hundred references are included in the paper and provide access to further information on the subject.
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Abstract
The different barriers that slow the penetration of active ingredients administered by the ocular route are described, and some novel dosage forms designed for this route are discussed. Both precorneal and corneal factors considerably restrict ocular penetration. The low bioavailability of classical ophthalmic dosage forms can be improved by several approaches, particularly by increasing the time the active ingredients remain in contact with the eye tissues. The new dosage forms are reviewed according to their type and their drug release mechanisms. The characteristics, advantages, and limitations of each are outlined. The potential of these dosage forms can be expected to enhance development. They offer prolonged effectiveness, reproducibility, fewer unwanted side effects, and improved tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Aiache
- Biopharmaceutics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ophthalmology Centre of Chandiots, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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